CN114938750B - Mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method - Google Patents
Mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114938750B CN114938750B CN202210449517.3A CN202210449517A CN114938750B CN 114938750 B CN114938750 B CN 114938750B CN 202210449517 A CN202210449517 A CN 202210449517A CN 114938750 B CN114938750 B CN 114938750B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method in the field of ecological restoration, which comprises the following steps: firstly, investigating the soil quality of the environment, establishing a scoring system, selecting an area needing to be repaired from the scoring system, and confirming the planting environment in the repaired area; step two, presetting a planting groove, constructing the planting groove in a selected planting area, wherein the constructed planting groove is inclined trapezoid; filling a planting groove, and paving a cotton net, gravel, humus soil, branches and wood blocks in sequence from the outermost layer to the innermost layer inside the planting groove; step four, vegetation slopes are formed, and contemporaneous plants and associated plants are planted along the distance between adjacent planting grooves; fifthly, piling the fence; step six, different from species planting, the technical scheme analyzes the best planting area according to local conditions, and simultaneously combines the planting environment to match the plant planted in the area to be half mangrove or true mangrove, thereby providing theoretical basis for the restoration scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method.
Background
Mangrove forest is a special coastal wetland forest growing in the coastal intertidal zone, and has the important ecological effects of maintaining biodiversity, preventing waves and solidifying the coast, resisting tsunami and typhoons, degrading pollution, regulating regional climate and the like. According to the requirements of national coastal protection forest System construction engineering planning (2016-2025), the afforestation of mangrove forest is completed in China at 48650 hectares. The most important precondition for constructing mangrove forests is to find a suitable forestation land, and at present, various departments involved in sea in China are actively invested in a large amount of funds to construct mangrove forests so as to restore the ecological functions of coastal wetlands. Although mangrove is in a special environment and is more tolerant than land plants, mangrove still requires enough soil or sediment for its root system to grow to ensure growth, and cannot be planted without meeting the conditions. Different mangrove plants have different requirements on soil, and in general, the soil of a mangrove suitable forest land can at least effectively support seedlings so as to prevent the seedlings from lodging or being taken away by tidal water.
However, the planting of mangrove plants along the water bank of the wetland is too close to the water source, and the adhesion degree of the root system and soil along the water bank is insufficient under the flushing of the water source, so that when the mangrove plants are planted along the water bank to repair the wetland ecosystem, the survival rate of the mangrove plants is not high, especially the root system of the mangrove plants is not developed completely at the early stage of planting, the adhesion force of the root system is relatively poor at the moment, plants topple due to the insufficient adhesion force of the root system of the mangrove plants at the stage, the survival rate is lower, the working efficiency of the repair work of the wetland ecosystem is reduced, the workload is increased, and the investment cost for planting the mangrove plants in the later stage is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the application aims to provide a mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method for preventing the toppling of mangrove seedlings.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: the mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method comprises the following steps:
firstly, investigating the soil quality of the environment, establishing a scoring system, selecting an area needing to be repaired from the scoring system, and confirming the planting environment in the repaired area;
step two, presetting a planting groove, constructing the planting groove in a selected planting area, wherein the constructed planting groove is inclined in a trapezoid shape, and the planting groove is inclined towards the direction with high gravitational potential energy;
filling a planting groove, and paving a cotton net, gravel, humus soil, branches and wood blocks in sequence from the outermost layer to the innermost layer inside the planting groove;
step four, vegetation slopes are formed, and contemporaneous plants and associated plants are planted along the distance between adjacent planting grooves to form water-shore vegetation of the wetland;
piling the fence, and manufacturing a gabion around the planting area to form a revetment;
step six, different from the planting of the species, the slope height of the true mangrove plant is not lower than the average tide level line, and the slope height of the half mangrove plant is not lower than the average high tide level line.
Further, the scoring system data includes water environment quality data, sediment environment quality data, and mangrove structure data.
Further, the water environment quality data comprises water environment chemical oxygen demand, water environment pH value, water environment salinity, water environment dissolved oxygen content, water environment active phosphate content and water environment inorganic nitrogen content data.
Further, the trapezoid structure gradually expands from top to bottom, and the bottom of the trapezoid is provided with an arc protruding outwards.
Further, the branches are surrounded to be rectangular along the lower bottom of the trapezoid, and the wood blocks are adhered to four vertexes of the rectangle.
Further, the height of the gabion is 2.5-3.5m, and the bearing boxes made of corrosion-resistant materials are adopted outside the gabion and are mutually bound.
Further, the mangrove plant may be at least one of Kandelia candel, tung tree, bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Hibiscus sabdariffa; the mangrove plant can be at least one of silver leaf tree, cortex Phellodendri, fructus Citri Sarcodactylis, hibiscus and Yang Shexiao Hibiscus.
After the scheme is adopted, the following beneficial effects are realized: 1. compared with the traditional restoration method, the technical scheme is suitable according to local conditions, the best planted area is analyzed through data, and the plants planted in the area are matched with the planting environment to form semi-mangrove or true mangrove, so that a theoretical basis is provided for the restoration scheme.
2. Compared with the prior art for providing theoretical foundation, utilize the inside trapezium structure of planting groove in this technical scheme, carry out centre gripping and stability to the root seedling of plant, adopt the tumbler principle in the stable process, utilize curved trapezoidal lower bottom to form the contact surface, the gravel of counter weight and the filler in the planting groove are as the weight (if can the cotton web of water absorption in the wetland environment) simultaneously to keep the below weight that is the seedling all the time in seedling planting process is greater than the weight of crown, thereby form opposite pulling force (this pulling force is provided by the component of gravity) when the seedling produces the trend of toppling over and prevent that the seedling from toppling over.
2. Compared with the prior art forming the tumbler principle, the material of filling the planting groove in this technical scheme produces following effect, the cotton web on the top layer has the effect of swelling after absorbing water, therefore when the planting personnel inspection planting region, cushion the pedal force, improve the humidity of planting soil in the environment after the cotton web absorbs the moisture in the region simultaneously, be convenient for form plant planting environment, at the time of summer festival, cotton web absorbing moisture also can be supplied with plant root system as the reserve water source, the planting personnel can also judge whether the plant lacks water according to the degree that the cotton web swelled out the planting groove simultaneously.
4. Compared with the prior art of cotton net bedding, the contact of gravel isolation cotton net and humus soil avoids nutrition in the humus soil to be absorbed by the cotton net, simultaneously branches and wood blocks increase the bearing capacity of the planting groove, depression caused by trampling is avoided, simultaneously the wood blocks serve as supporting structures, the probability of substance depression for filling the planting groove is reduced, and the accuracy of judging whether the cotton net lacks water is improved.
5. The ecological group is formed by utilizing the associated plants, so that the repairing effect is enhanced.
6. Meanwhile, the trapezium of the technical scheme inclines to the high position of the gravitational potential energy, so that the situation that nutrients are accumulated at the low position of the gravitational potential energy is reduced, and the balanced development of plant root systems is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
An example is substantially as shown in figure 1: the mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method comprises the following steps:
firstly, investigating the soil quality of the environment, establishing a scoring system, selecting an area to be repaired from the scoring system and confirming the planting environment in the repaired area, wherein the scoring system data comprise water environment quality data, sediment environment quality data and mangrove structure data;
the water environment quality data comprise water environment chemical oxygen demand, water environment pH value, water environment salinity, water environment dissolved oxygen content, water environment active phosphate content and water environment inorganic nitrogen content data. According to the technical scheme, according to local conditions, the best planting area is analyzed through data, and meanwhile, the planting environment is combined to match plants planted in the area to be half mangrove or true mangrove, so that a theoretical basis is provided for a repairing scheme.
Step two, presetting a planting groove, constructing the planting groove in a selected planting area, wherein the constructed planting groove is inclined in a trapezoid shape, and the planting groove is inclined towards the direction with high gravitational potential energy; the trapezoid structure gradually expands from the upper part to the lower part, and the lower bottom of the trapezoid is provided with an arc protruding outwards.
Utilize the inside trapezium structure of planting groove, carry out centre gripping and stability to the root seedling of plant, adopt the tumbler principle in the stable process, utilize curved trapezoidal lower bottom to form the contact surface, the gravel of counter weight and the filler in the planting groove are as the weight (such as the cotton web that can absorb water in the wetland environment) simultaneously to keep being the weight below the seedling all the time in seedling planting process and being greater than the weight of crown, thereby form opposite pulling force (this pulling force is provided by the component of gravity) when the seedling produces the trend of toppling over.
The material that fills the planting groove produces following effect, and the web on top layer has the effect of swelling after absorbing water, consequently when the planting personnel inspection planting region, cushion the power of stepping on, improve the humidity of soil in the planting environment after the moisture absorption in the cotton web will region simultaneously, be convenient for form plant planting environment, in the time of summer festival, the absorbing moisture of cotton web also can regard as the reserve water source to supply with plant root system, and the planting personnel can also judge whether the plant lacks water according to the degree that the web swelled out the planting groove simultaneously.
The contact of gravel isolation cotton net and humus soil avoids nutrition in the humus soil to be absorbed by the cotton net, and simultaneously branches and wood blocks increase the bearing capacity of the planting groove, and depression caused by trampling is avoided, and simultaneously the wood blocks serve as supporting structures, so that the probability of substance depression of the planting groove is reduced, and the accuracy of judging whether the cotton net lacks water is improved.
Filling a planting groove, and paving a cotton net, gravel, humus soil, branches and wood blocks in sequence from the outermost layer to the innermost layer inside the planting groove; the branches are surrounded to be rectangular along the lower bottom of the trapezoid, and the wood blocks are adhered to four vertexes of the rectangle.
Step four, vegetation slopes are formed, and contemporaneous plants and associated plants are planted along the distance between adjacent planting grooves to form water-shore vegetation of the wetland;
piling the fence, manufacturing a gabion around a planting area to form a revetment, wherein the height of the gabion is 2.5-3.5m, and bearing boxes made of corrosion-resistant materials are adopted outside the gabion and are mutually bound;
step six, distinguishing from the planting of species, the slope height of the true mangrove plant is not lower than the average tide level line, the slope height of the half mangrove plant is not lower than the average high tide level line, and the true mangrove plant can adopt at least one of Kandelia candel, tung tree, tinospora, sea mulberry and petiole-free sea mulberry; the mangrove plant can be at least one of silver leaf tree, cortex Phellodendri, fructus Citri Sarcodactylis, hibiscus and Yang Shexiao Hibiscus.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present application, and a specific structure and characteristics of common knowledge in the art, which are well known in the scheme, are not described herein, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art knows all the prior art in the application date or before the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and has the capability of applying the conventional experimental means before the date, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can complete and implement the present embodiment in combination with his own capability in the light of the present application, and some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for a person of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, investigating the soil quality of the environment, establishing a scoring system, selecting an area needing to be repaired from the scoring system, and confirming the planting environment in the repaired area;
step two, presetting a planting groove, constructing the planting groove in a selected planting area, wherein the constructed planting groove is inclined in a trapezoid shape, and the planting groove is inclined towards the direction with high gravitational potential energy;
filling a planting groove, and paving a cotton net, gravel, humus soil, branches and wood blocks in sequence from the outermost layer to the innermost layer inside the planting groove;
step four, vegetation slopes are formed, and contemporaneous plants and associated plants are planted along the distance between adjacent planting grooves to form water-shore vegetation of the wetland;
piling the fence, and manufacturing a gabion around the planting area to form a revetment;
step six, distinguishing from the planting of the species, the slope height of the true mangrove plant is not lower than the average tide level line, and the slope height of the half mangrove plant is not lower than the average high tide level line;
the trapezoid structure gradually expands from top to bottom, and the lower bottom of the trapezoid is provided with an arc protruding outwards;
the root of the branch is surrounded to be rectangular along the lower bottom of the trapezoid, and the wood block is adhered to four vertexes of the rectangle.
2. The mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein: the scoring system data includes water environment quality data, sediment environment quality data, and mangrove structure data.
3. The mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 2, wherein: the water environment quality data comprise water environment chemical oxygen demand, water environment pH value, water environment salinity, water environment dissolved oxygen content, water environment active phosphate content and water environment inorganic nitrogen content data.
4. The mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the gabion is 2.5-3.5m, the outer part of the gabion adopts bearing boxes made of corrosion-resistant materials, and the bearing boxes are mutually bound.
5. The mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, wherein: the true mangrove plant can be at least one of Kandelia candel, tung tree, radix tinosporae, sea mulberry and petiole-free sea mulberry; the mangrove plant can be at least one of silver leaf tree, cortex Phellodendri, fructus Citri Sarcodactylis, hibiscus and Yang Shexiao Hibiscus.
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