CN114938750A - Mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method - Google Patents
Mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114938750A CN114938750A CN202210449517.3A CN202210449517A CN114938750A CN 114938750 A CN114938750 A CN 114938750A CN 202210449517 A CN202210449517 A CN 202210449517A CN 114938750 A CN114938750 A CN 114938750A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method in the field of ecological restoration, which comprises the following steps: step one, investigating environmental soil quality, establishing a scoring system, selecting an area needing to be repaired and confirming a planting environment in the repaired area; step two, presetting a planting groove, and constructing the planting groove in the selected planting area, wherein the constructed planting groove is in an inclined trapezoid shape; filling the planting groove, and paving a cotton net, gravel, humus soil, branches and wood blocks in the planting groove along the outermost layer to the innermost layer in sequence; step four, forming vegetation slopes, and planting the synbiotic plants and the associated plants at the intervals of the adjacent planting grooves; fifthly, piling the fence; and step six, different from species planting, according to local conditions, the technical scheme analyzes the best planted area through data and simultaneously matches the planted plants in the block area with the planting environment to form a semi-mangrove forest or a real mangrove forest, thereby providing a theoretical basis for a repair scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method.
Background
Mangrove forest is a special coastal wetland forest growing in the coastal intertidal zone, and has important ecological effects of maintaining biological diversity, preventing waves and fixing shore, resisting tsunami and typhoon, degrading pollution, adjusting regional climate and the like. According to the requirements of construction engineering planning of coastal protection forest systems in China (2016-. The most important precondition for building mangrove forest is to find suitable forestation areas, and at present, each department involved in sea in China actively invests a great deal of capital to build mangrove forest to restore the ecological function of coastal wetlands. Although mangrove is in a special environment and is more tolerant than land plants, mangrove still needs enough soil or sediment for its root system to grow to guarantee the growth needs, and the failure to meet this condition will not allow forestation. Different mangrove plants have different requirements on soil, and in general, the soil of the suitable forest land of mangrove forest can at least effectively support the nursery stock so as to prevent the nursery stock from lodging or being taken away by the tide.
However, the planting of mangrove plants along the water bank of the wetland is too close to the water source, and the attachment degree of the root system and the soil along the water bank is not enough under the washing of the water source, so that when the mangrove plants are planted along the water bank to restore the ecological system of the wetland, the survival rate of the mangrove plants is not high, particularly at the initial planting stage, the root system of the mangrove plants is not completely developed, the adhesion force of the root system is relatively poor at the moment, the plants can topple over due to insufficient adhesion of the root system of the mangrove plants at the stage, the probability of low survival rate is higher, the work efficiency of the restoration work of the ecological system of the wetland is reduced, the workload is increased, and the investment cost for planting the mangrove plants at the later stage again is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method for preventing mangrove seedlings from toppling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method comprises the following steps:
step one, investigating environmental soil quality, establishing a scoring system, selecting an area needing to be repaired and confirming a planting environment in the repaired area;
step two, planting grooves are preset, and the selected planting area is subjected to planting groove construction, wherein the constructed planting grooves are in an inclined trapezoid shape, and the planting grooves are inclined towards the direction with high gravitational potential energy;
filling the planting grooves, and paving cotton nets, gravels, humus soil, branches and wood blocks in the planting grooves in sequence from the outermost layer to the innermost layer;
step four, forming a vegetation slope, planting synbiotic plants and associated plants at the space between adjacent planting grooves to form the water bank vegetation of the wetland;
fifthly, piling in a fence, and manufacturing a gabion to surround the planting area to form a revetment;
and step six, different from species planting, the height of the slope where the real mangrove plants are planted is not lower than the average tide line, and the height of the slope where the semi-mangrove plants are planted is not lower than the average high tide line.
Further, the scoring system data comprises water environment quality data, sediment environment quality data and mangrove forest structure data.
Further, the water environment quality data comprises water environment chemical oxygen demand, water environment pH value, water environment salinity, water environment dissolved oxygen content, water environment active phosphate content and water environment inorganic nitrogen content data.
Furthermore, the trapezoid structure gradually expands from top to bottom, and the lower bottom of the trapezoid is provided with an arc which protrudes outwards.
Furthermore, the branches surround the lower bottom of the trapezoid to form a rectangle, and the wood blocks are bonded at four top points of the rectangle.
Furthermore, the height of the gabion is 2.5-3.5m, the outside of the gabion is provided with bearing boxes made of corrosion-resistant materials, and the bearing boxes are mutually bound.
Further, the mangrove plant can be at least one of Kandelia candel, Aesculus Turcroftiana, Brugia gymnorrhiza, Morus alba and Morus omarginiana; the Hemerocallis plant can be at least one of Tremella, cortex Phellodendri, fructus Citri Limoniae, hibiscus and poplar and shrubalthea.
After the scheme is adopted, the following beneficial effects are realized: 1. compared with the traditional restoration method, the technical scheme analyzes the best planted area through data according to local conditions, and simultaneously matches the planted plants in the block area with the planting environment to form a semi-mangrove forest or a real mangrove forest, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the restoration scheme.
2. For the prior art that provides theoretical basis, utilize the trapezium structure of planting inslot portion among this technical scheme, carry out centre gripping and stability to the root seedling of plant, adopt tumbler principle among the stable process, utilize curved trapezoidal lower bottom to form the contact surface, the gravel of counter weight and the filler in planting the inslot are as the weight-increasing piece (like the cotton net that can absorb water in the wetland environment) simultaneously, thereby it is the below weight of seedling that the weight is greater than the weight of crown all the time to keep planting the in-process at the seedling, thereby form opposite pulling force (this pulling force is provided by the component of gravity) and prevent that the seedling from toppling over when the seedling produces toppling over the trend.
2. For the prior art who forms tumbler principle, the material of filling planting groove among this technical scheme produces following effect, the cotton net on top layer has the effect that swells after absorbing water, consequently when the planting personnel tours the planting region, cushion the tread power, the cotton net improves the humidity of soil among the planting environment after absorbing the moisture in the region simultaneously, be convenient for form plant planting environment, in the very hot season, the moisture that the cotton net absorbed also can supply with the plant root system as reserve water source, the planting personnel can also judge whether the plant lacks water according to the degree that the cotton net swells out the planting groove simultaneously.
4. For the prior art of cotton net foreshadowing, the contact of gravel completely cuts off cotton net and humus, avoids the nutrition in the humus to be absorbed by the cotton net, and branch and billet increase the bearing capacity of planting the groove simultaneously, avoid trampling the sunken of emergence, and the billet is regarded as bearing structure simultaneously, has reduced the sunken possibility of the material of filling planting the groove, promotes the cotton net to the accuracy of lack of water or not judgement.
5. The ecological group is formed by the companion plants, and the restoration effect is enhanced.
6. Meanwhile, the trapezoid of the technical scheme inclines to the high position of the gravitational potential energy, so that the condition that nutrients are accumulated at the low position of the gravitational potential energy is reduced, and the balanced development of the plant root system is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1: the mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, investigating environmental soil quality, establishing a scoring system, selecting an area needing to be repaired and confirming a planting environment in the repaired area, wherein scoring system data comprise water environment quality data, sediment environment quality data and mangrove forest structure data;
the water environment quality data comprises water environment chemical oxygen demand, water environment pH value, water environment salinity, water environment dissolved oxygen content, water environment active phosphate content and water environment inorganic nitrogen content data. According to local conditions, the optimum planting area is analyzed through data, and meanwhile, the plants planted in the block area are matched with the planting environment to form a semi-mangrove forest or a real mangrove forest, so that a theoretical basis is provided for a repairing scheme.
Step two, planting grooves are preset, and the selected planting area is subjected to planting groove construction, wherein the constructed planting grooves are in an inclined trapezoid shape, and the planting grooves are inclined towards the direction with high gravitational potential energy; the trapezoid structure gradually expands from top to bottom, and the lower bottom of the trapezoid structure is provided with an arc which protrudes outwards.
Utilize the trapezium structure of planting inslot portion, carry out centre gripping and stability to the root seedling of plant, adopt the tumbler principle in the stable process, utilize curved trapezoidal bottom to form the contact surface, the gravel of counter weight and the filler of planting the inslot are as the weight increase piece (if can absorbent cotton net in the wetland environment) simultaneously, thereby keep the below weight that is the seedling all the time at the seedling planting in-process and be greater than the weight of crown, thereby form opposite pulling force when the seedling produces and topples over the trend (this pulling force is provided by the component of gravity).
The material that fills the planting groove produces following effect, the cotton net on top layer has the effect of inflation after absorbing water, consequently when the planting personnel tours the planting region, cushion the tread power, the cotton net improves the humidity of soil among the planting environment after absorbing the moisture in the region simultaneously, be convenient for form plant planting environment, in the time of the heat, the moisture that the cotton net absorbed also can supply with the plant root system as the reserve water supply, whether the planting personnel can also judge the plant according to the degree that the cotton net swells out the planting groove simultaneously and lack water.
The gravel isolates the contact of cotton net and humus soil, avoids the nutrition in the humus soil to be absorbed by the cotton net, and branch and billet increase the bearing capacity who plants the groove simultaneously, avoid trampling the sunken of taking place, and the billet is as bearing structure simultaneously, has reduced the sunken possibility of the material of filling planting groove, promotes the cotton net to the accuracy of whether the lack of water is judged.
Filling the planting groove, and paving a cotton net, gravel, humus soil, branches and wood blocks in the planting groove along the outermost layer to the innermost layer in sequence; the branches are rectangular around the lower bottom of the trapezoid, and the wood blocks are bonded at four top points of the rectangle.
Step four, forming a vegetation slope, planting synbiotic plants and associated plants at the space between adjacent planting grooves to form the water bank vegetation of the wetland;
fifthly, piling through a fence, manufacturing a gabion to surround the planting area to form a bank protection, wherein the height of the gabion is 2.5-3.5m, the exterior of the gabion adopts a bearing box made of corrosion-resistant materials, and the bearing boxes are bound with one another;
step six, different from species planting, the slope height of the planted true mangrove plant is not lower than the average tide line, the slope height of the planted half mangrove plant is not lower than the average climax line, and the true mangrove plant can adopt at least one of Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Morus alba and Morus amabilis; the Hemerocallis plant can be at least one of Tremella, cortex Phellodendri, fructus Citri Limoniae, hibiscus and poplar and shrubalthea.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, investigating environmental soil quality, establishing a scoring system, selecting an area needing to be repaired and confirming a planting environment in the repaired area;
step two, planting grooves are preset, the selected planting area is subjected to planting groove construction, the constructed planting grooves are in an inclined trapezoid shape, and the planting grooves incline towards the direction with high gravitational potential energy;
filling the planting groove, and paving a cotton net, gravel, humus soil, branches and wood blocks in the planting groove along the outermost layer to the innermost layer in sequence;
step four, forming a vegetation slope, planting synbiotic plants and associated plants at the space between adjacent planting grooves to form the water bank vegetation of the wetland;
fifthly, piling in a fence, and manufacturing a gabion to surround the planting area to form a revetment;
and step six, different from species planting, the height of the slope where the real mangrove plants are planted is not lower than the average tide line, and the height of the slope where the semi-mangrove plants are planted is not lower than the average high tide line.
2. The mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the scoring system data comprises water environment quality data, sediment environment quality data and mangrove forest structure data.
3. The mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the water environment quality data comprises water environment chemical oxygen demand, water environment pH value, water environment salinity, water environment dissolved oxygen content, water environment active phosphate content and water environment inorganic nitrogen content data.
4. The mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the trapezoid structure gradually expands from top to bottom, and the lower bottom of the trapezoid structure is provided with an arc protruding outwards.
5. The mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the branches surround the lower bottom of the trapezoid to form a rectangle, and the wood blocks are bonded at four top points of the rectangle.
6. The mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the gabion is 2.5-3.5m, the outside of the gabion adopts the bearing boxes made of corrosion-resistant materials, and the bearing boxes are mutually bound.
7. The mangrove wetland ecosystem restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plant of the real mangrove can be at least one of Kandelia candel, Aesculus Turcroftianus, Brugia gymnorrhiza, Morus alba and Morus omarginiana; the Hemerocallis plant can be at least one of Tremella, cortex Phellodendri, fructus Citri Limoniae, hibiscus and poplar and shrubalthea.
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