CN106664863A - Method for reducing outward output of pollutants from ionic type rare earth ore mining site - Google Patents
Method for reducing outward output of pollutants from ionic type rare earth ore mining site Download PDFInfo
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- CN106664863A CN106664863A CN201611150699.5A CN201611150699A CN106664863A CN 106664863 A CN106664863 A CN 106664863A CN 201611150699 A CN201611150699 A CN 201611150699A CN 106664863 A CN106664863 A CN 106664863A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing outward output of pollutants from an ionic type rare earth ore mining site. According to the method, rainwater infiltration is reduced through the measures of land leveling, water storage system building, vegetation recovery and the like, and therefore leaching of soil pollutants is reduced. In addition, a sprinkling irrigation system is built and used for vegetation irrigation, the seepage of the pollutants along with underground runoff (formed by rainwater infiltration) is reduced, and the probability that the pollutants enter the external environment along with overland runoff is reduced. In addition, the regulation and storage capacity of the water storage system is guaranteed through an irregular and non-quantitative irrigation mode to meet the water storage requirement of next rainfall.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reduce the method that soil pollutant is externally exported, more particularly to a kind of reduction ion type rareearth
The method that ore deposit abandoned mine land pollutant are externally exported.
Background technology
The electrolyte solution that rare earth ore in-situ leaching recovery method is used is typically ammonium sulfate.In_situ leaching is will be highly concentrated
The sulphur ammonium leaching ore deposit agent of degree injects ore body by liquid injection hole, and leaching ore deposit dosage is big, and the leaching ore deposit time is long.During rare earth mining, due to
The reason such as seepage of seepage-proof layer and collection system imperfection causes and has substantial amounts of nitride and enter in leaching ore deposit recovery process
In mining soil, so as to cause Rare Earth Mine Soil Surrounding in nitride constantly accumulate.With the accumulation of Nitrogen In Soils compound, gradually
Migration and conversion, the leaching ore deposit agent of residual is easily leaked in subsoil water and soil, and in the effect washed away with leaching water of rainfall
Under, carry pollutant and enter downstream water, seriously threaten the safety of surface water, subsoil water and soil.
Further, since the saturation of ore leachate is infiltrated, increase and soak ore deposit agent reduction ore body intensity in ore body pore water pressure and be total to
Under same-action, easily cause the geological disasters such as landslide, accumulate in the NH of deep subsoil4 +And SO4 2-In the presence of rain drop erosion,
Neighbouring river is flowed directly into, the content for making ammonia nitrogen in river, sulfate radical increases severely.
Ammonia nitrogen not only has very big harm to aquatile, the aquatic animal species such as Fish quantity reduced, be poisoned even
Death, moreover, it is also possible to nitrite is converted under certain condition, if this water of people's long-term drink, the nitrous in water
Hydrochlorate can be over time accumulation a kind of strong carcinogen-nitrosamine, the health to people are gradually combined to form with the protein of human body
The impact for causing is extremely severe.Therefore, the severe contamination of ammonia nitrogen causes greatly destruction to water ecological environment.
The approach that pollutant are externally conveyed has：
1st, the pollutant that topsoil contains enter surrounding body with rainwash.
2nd, the pollutant that topsoil contains are with rainwater infiltration, and enter surrounding body with interflow subsurface drainage.
3rd, the pollutant that deep soil contains enter surrounding body with interflow subsurface drainage.
4th, after side slope slope collapse, the pollutant that the top layer exposed, deep soil contain enter surrounding body with rainwater.
At present, the method mainly setting for reducing the external output of ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant cuts
Dam, seepage interception ditch etc. are oozed, is leaked in subsoil water, downstream stream, soil environment with reducing leaching ore deposit agent.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part and provide a kind of ion type rareearth ore that reduces and dig up mine
The method that slash pollutant are externally exported.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme taken of the present invention is：
It is a kind of to reduce the method that ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant are externally exported, comprise the following steps：
(1) prepartion of land is carried out according to original gradient of abandoned mine land, the plane earth of abandoned mine land is arranged to form gentle
Slope is forming counter-slope charge for remittance；
(2) diversion channel is set, for the water that water conservancy diversion is collected by gentle slope, side slope；
(3) arrange cistern, for collecting diversion channel in water；
(4) the gentle slope is divided into into some fields, between adjacent two field curb is dug, wherein, the water conservancy diversion
Ditch centre and side are sowed and crawl class grass seeds to form ecological grass ditch；
(5) spray irrigation system, the plant that irregular, non-quantitative is irrigated on abandoned mine land using the water in cistern are set.
" the counter-slope charge for remittance " mentioned in the present invention refer to for control current domatic or surface erosion is built with one
The gentle slope of grade so as to which current come together in same direction.Herein, counter-slope charge for remittance refers both to unidirectional charge for remittance.
" plane earth " mentioned in the present invention not only includes fully horizontal ground, also includes with the gentle of minor grade
Hillside fields or broken terrain, for the abandoned mine land of terrace shape, plane earth here is the tread of terraced fields.
As the method that reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash of the present invention pollutant are externally exported
Preferred implementation, for the abandoned mine land (such as the abandoned mine land of terrace shape) that there is side slope, the gentle slope direction is
Counter-slope charge for remittance is formed slopely from the plane destination edge relative with side slope toe to same layer side slope toe direction.
The preferred reality of the method externally exported as reduction ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant of the present invention
Mode is applied, wherein, in the step (1), the gradient on gentle slope is 1 °~3 °；It is highly preferred that the gradient on gentle slope is 1 °.When
Smooth more difficult using big machinery during 1 ° of gradient ＜, workload and cost accordingly increase；If 3 ° of gradient ＞, it is unfavorable for mining
The control of the soil erosion in slash, the gradient is excessive, and the flow rate of water flow that gentle slope is formed is accelerated, and easily causes and washes away；When the gradient is
It is best to the control effect of the soil erosion of abandoned mine land when 1 °.
The preferred reality of the method externally exported as reduction ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant of the present invention
Apply mode, in the step (2), on gentle slope and close on gentle slope toe rather than gentle slope slope top position at arrange water conservancy diversion
Canal, when abandoned mine land is provided with side slope, needs to arrange diversion channel at the toe for closing on side slope；And/or
In the step (3), arrange on gentle slope and at the position that diversion channel end rather than gentle slope slope are pushed up and store
Pond.
The preferred reality of the method externally exported as reduction ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant of the present invention
Mode is applied, wherein, in the step (2), at the position of the toe 1-1.5m on gentle slope diversion channel is being dug.Work as plane
Ground width ＜ 10m and there is the abandoned mine land (abandoned mine land of such as terrace shape) of side slope, because the toe on gentle slope is
Side slope toe, namely digging diversion channel at the position of the toe 1-1.5m of side slope；This is because slope soil is soft, if
Toe is located too close to set by diversion channel, is then easily caused slope instability, caved in；If from side slope toe too away from, be unfavorable for domatic water
Body is collected, while easily causing to wash away to the plane of toe to diversion channel this segment distance, the distance apart from side slope toe selects 1-
It 1.5m is best suitable for.As plane earth width G T.GT.GT 10m, then need to add one or more of diversion channels, between two adjacent diversion channels
Distance be set to 5~10m.For example, if plane earth width is 15 meters, except setting a water conservancy diversion in toe gently
Canal, will also add 1 diversion channel in plane earth, therefore this width is on 15 meters of plane earth, 2 diversion channels to have been set altogether.
The preferred reality of the method externally exported as reduction ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant of the present invention
Mode is applied, wherein, in the step (4), the width of field is 1.5m~2m, and length is 2m~3m.
The preferred reality of the method externally exported as reduction ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant of the present invention
Mode is applied, wherein, in the step (4), the width and depth of the curb is little than the diversion channel, the curb
Current direction be configured according to the diversion channel.
The preferred reality of the method externally exported as reduction ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant of the present invention
Apply mode, wherein, the material of the diversion channel is HDPE antiseepage film, it is highly preferred that the thickness of the HDPE antiseepage film be 0.5~
1.5mm, most preferably 1.0mm.When antiseepage film is less than 0.5mm, due to too thin easily by sharp object scratching, the Jing sun is long
After phase shines, easily aging, breakage；And the film that is more than 1.5mm is relatively hard, particularly greater than the film of 1.8mm because too it is hard not
Easily construction, is difficult to make required form and relatively costly.
The preferred reality of the method externally exported as reduction ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant of the present invention
Mode is applied, wherein, the material of the cistern is HDPE antiseepage film.It is highly preferred that the thickness of the HDPE antiseepage film be 1.2~
1.8mm, most preferably 1.5mm.When antiseepage film is less than 1.2mm, load-bearing can not be realized due to too thin, and be more easy to scratching；And it is big
In 1.8mm film because being difficult very much construction firmly, be difficult to make required form and relatively costly.
The preferred reality of the method externally exported as reduction ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant of the present invention
Mode is applied, wherein, also include in the step (1)：Accomplish ridge in the gentle slope Po Ding of abandoned mine land；It is highly preferred that described
The width of ridge is 0.8m~1.2m, is highly 25cm~35cm.
As the method that reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash of the present invention pollutant are externally exported
Preferred implementation, wherein, in the field plant plant for erect type well developed root system plant, class of crawling well developed root system
Plant and green manure plant combination；
What in the middle of the curb and side was sowed crawls class grass seeds for Bermuda grass grass seeds；
When the abandoned mine land is provided with side slope, in the side slope plant plant for erect type well developed root system plant,
The plant of class of crawling well developed root system and the combination of green manure plant.
As the method that reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash of the present invention pollutant are externally exported
Preferred implementation, wherein, in the plant planted in the field, the plant of the erect type well developed root system selected from Miscanthus,
Plantula Neyraudiae Reynaudianae；The plant of the class well developed root system of crawling is selected from Bermuda grass, Herba Digitariae grass；The green manure plant selected from Trifolium repense, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici),
Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., rye grass；
In the plant planted in the side slope, the plant of the erect type well developed root system is selected from black dried tuber, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli；It is described
The plant of class of crawling well developed root system is selected from Bermuda grass；The green manure plant is selected from Semen Cajani, Caulis Seu Folium Lespedezae Bicoloris, rye grass.
As the method that reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash of the present invention pollutant are externally exported
Preferred implementation, wherein, in the field plant plant be Miscanthus, Herba Digitariae grass, Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., the combination of rye grass, and
The plant blend proportion planted in the field is Miscanthus：Herba Digitariae grass：Rye grass：Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.=1~3:4~6:1~3:7~9；
The plant planted in the side slope is the combination of black dried tuber, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, Bermuda grass, Semen Cajani, rye grass, and the side
On slope plant plant collocation ratio be：Black dried tuber：Caulis Miscanthis floriduli：Bermuda grass：Semen Cajani：Rye grass=1~3:1~3:3~5:2
~4:8~11.
As the method that reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash of the present invention pollutant are externally exported
Preferred implementation, wherein, in the step (5), spray irrigation system is taken out water from cistern by movable water pump
The plant out irrigated on abandoned mine land.
It should be noted that in the step (5), the spray irrigation system of construction, it will according to weather condition, soil water-containing
The factors such as rate, vegetative coverage situation, plant transpiration amount are carried out irregularly, irrigate plant using the water in cistern non-quantitative,
With ensure regulate and store system can capacity, so as to preferably reduce the dissolution of deep subsoil pollutant.
As the method that reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash of the present invention pollutant are externally exported
Preferred implementation, wherein, be further provided with settling pit, the settling pit is used to precipitate the solid particulate matter in water, institute
Settling pit is stated located at connecting between the cistern and diversion channel and respectively with cistern and diversion channel, in settling pit supernatant Jing
Between section diversion channel enter cistern.
Technical solution of the present invention is mainly by control rainwater infiltration amount, reduction slope collapse phenomenon and the transpiration using plant
Effect, by rainwater control in soil and in air, reduces the outside conveying capacity of pollutant.
It is effectively reduced after being controlled to ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant using technical scheme
The leaching content of soil body deep layer pollutant, reduces soil erosion intensity, and that reduces side slope washes away and reduces measure husky to downstream
Conveying.Additionally, technical solutions according to the invention can effectively be collected to rainwater, so as to be used for plant irrigation, turn harm into good.
Compared with prior art, technical scheme has the advantages that：
1st, the method for the present invention consolidates side slope by vegetation plantation, reduces its side slope slope collapse, right so as to further reduce its
Outer output.
2nd, the method for the present invention can strengthen the defensive ability/resistance ability that vegetation is coerced environmental condition using the mixed seeding of various grass seeds,
With higher environmental suitability and more preferable general performance, after revegetation can effectively catching rainwater, reduce rainwater infiltration or
The formation of rainwash is reduced, so as to further control the approach that pollutant enter external environment with rainwater.
3rd, the method for the present invention passes through to build equipment of sprinkler irrigation (system of regulating and storing), using daily sprinkling irrigation (not necessarily in arid
Phase) rainwater storage capacity in cistern is reduced, in addition to it can meet vegetation irrigation demand, it can also be ensured that the water-retention of system of regulating and storing
Ability, to meet the water-retention requirement of next rainfall.It is important that, this system of regulating and storing can pass through soil, plant water keeping ability, plant
The modes such as transpiration, reduce seepage discharge of the pollutant with interflow subsurface drainage (rainwater infiltration is formed), also reduce pollutant everywhere
Table runoff enters external environment.
4th, the method for the present invention is administered to rare earth abandoned mine land and adhered to based on water-retention, the theory supplemented by draining.
It is advantageous in that：1. effective control runoff washes away, and stabilizes side slope, reduces water erosion；2. plant irrigation is met
Demand；3. the conveying to downstream contamination thing is reduced.
5th, the method for the present invention passes through counter-slope charge for remittance and the measure such as cistern laying, ecological grass ditch, equipment of sprinkler irrigation, more preferably
Ground control and collection rainwater.
It is advantageous in that：1. original lower floor soil is not disturbed as far as possible, and the counter-slope ground of slight slope is moulded on surface of leveling land
Shape, makes rainwater more effectively collect；2. ecological grass ditch, revegetation can runoff decrease speed, reduce surface erosion；3. equipment of sprinkler irrigation
The moisture storage capacity in transpiration, plant water keeping function and the soil water storage function adjustment cistern of vegetation can be utilized, it is ensured that adjust
The Regulation capacity of storage system.
Description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 is typical reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ solvent extraction method abandoned mine land (the plane earth width of one kind of the present invention
＜ 10m) the external output of pollutant the prepartion of land figure that obtains of method；
Fig. 2 is typical reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ solvent extraction method abandoned mine land (the plane earth width of one kind of the present invention
＜ 10m) the external output of pollutant the drainage system structure diagram that obtains of method；
Wherein, 1, gentle slope；2nd, side slope；3rd, toe；4th, plane destination edge (namely gentle slope Po Ding)；5th, ridge；6th, lead
Stream canal；7th, field；8th, curb；9th, cistern.
Fig. 3 is another kind of typical reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ solvent extraction method abandoned mine land (plane earth width of the present invention
＞ 10m) the external output of pollutant one of the prepartion of land figure that obtains of method；
Fig. 4 is typical reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ solvent extraction method abandoned mine land (the plane earth width of another kind of the present invention
Degree ＞ 10m) the external output of pollutant the drainage system structure diagram that obtains of method；
Fig. 5 is another kind of typical reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ solvent extraction method abandoned mine land (plane earth width of the present invention
＞ 10m) the external output of pollutant method obtain the two of prepartion of land figure；
Wherein, 10, gentle slope；11st, diversion channel；12nd, field；13rd, curb；14th, cistern；15th, settling pit；16th, side
Slope；17th, toe；18th, side slope edge；19th, ridge.
Specific embodiment
To better illustrate the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with specific embodiment to this
Invention is described further.
As shown in figure 1, what a kind of typical reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant were externally exported
The prepartion of land figure that method is obtained.The prepartion of land figure shows plane earth width ＜ 10m and there is the terrace shape of side slope
Abandoned mine land, the plane earth of the abandoned mine land is organized to form gentle slope 1；
Wherein, the direction of gentle slope 1 plane destination edge 4 direction relative from the toe 3 with side slope 2 is toward same layer side slope toe
3 directions incline, and form counter-slope charge for remittance；
The gradient on the gentle slope 1 is 1 °~3 °；
Diversion channel 6, the water that diversion channel 6 collects for water conservancy diversion are being provided with side slope 1~1.5m of toe；
At the side slope edge 4, (namely gentle slope Po Ding) is provided with ridge 5, the width of the ridge 5 be 0.8m~
1.2m, is highly 25cm~35cm.
As shown in Fig. 2 during plane earth width ＜ 10m, a kind of typical reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining mark
The structural representation of the drainage system that the method that ground contamination thing is externally exported is obtained.The gentle slope 1 is divided into some fields
Block 7, wherein, dig curb 8 between adjacent two field 7.
Arrange on gentle slope 1 and at the position of the end of diversion channel 6 rather than plane destination edge 4 (i.e. gentle slope Po Ding)
There is cistern 9.
Equipment of sprinkler irrigation is provided with the cistern 9, the equipment of sprinkler irrigation is used to be adopted using the water sprinkling irrigation in cistern
Plant on ore deposit slash；The present invention is not restricted to equipment of sprinkler irrigation, the equipment of sprinkler irrigation of achievable above-mentioned functions of the prior art
The present invention is used equally to, normally, the equipment of sprinkler irrigation includes water pump, engine, tubing and shower nozzle.Sprinkling irrigation time, spray
Fill duration to be determined according to factors such as weather conditions, soil moisture content, vegetation pattern, leaf transpiration effects, with irregular, indefinite
The characteristics of amount.
The plant planted in field of the present invention 7 is plant, the plant of class of crawling well developed root system of erect type well developed root system
Thing and the combination of green manure plant.Preferably, the plant of the erect type well developed root system is selected from Miscanthus, Plantula Neyraudiae Reynaudianae；The class root of crawling
The flourishing plant of system is selected from Bermuda grass, Herba Digitariae grass；The green manure plant is selected from Trifolium repense, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., rye grass.
Curb 8 between the field 7 is in the middle of ecological grass ditch, curb and class grass seeds of crawling is sowed on side, it is preferable that
What in the middle of the curb and side was sowed crawls class grass seeds for Bermuda grass grass seeds.
When the abandoned mine land is provided with side slope, in the side slope plant plant for erect type well developed root system plant,
The plant of class of crawling well developed root system and the combination of green manure plant.Preferably, the plant of the erect type well developed root system is selected from black Sha
Grass, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli；The plant of the class well developed root system of crawling is selected from Bermuda grass；The green manure plant is selected from Semen Cajani, Caulis Seu Folium Lespedezae Bicoloris, rye (Secale cereale L.)
Grass.
As shown in figure 3, plane earth width>During 10m, a kind of typical reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash
The prepartion of land figure that the method that pollutant are externally exported is obtained, which show plane earth width G T.GT.GT 10m and is not provided with adopting for side slope
Ore deposit slash.
Wherein, the gradient on the gentle slope 10 is 1 °~3 °.
On gentle slope 10 and close on gentle slope toe rather than gentle slope slope top position at be provided with diversion channel 11, lead
The stream water that collects for water conservancy diversion of canal 11, wherein, except needing in addition to the position of gentle slope toe arranges a diversion channel, need to also be
The distance between at least one diversion channel, adjacent two diversion channels are added on gentle slope be set to 5~10m.
As shown in figure 5, when the plane earth width of abandoned mine land>10m's and when being provided with side slope 16, for example, terrace shape adopts
During ore deposit slash, except in addition to closing on and digging a diversion channel at the position of side slope toe 1-1.5m of plane earth, in addition it is also necessary to remote
The distance between at least one diversion channel, adjacent two diversion channels are added on the direction of side slope toe and is set to 5~10m.
As shown in figure 4, plane earth width>During 10m, a kind of typical reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash
The drainage system structure diagram of the system that pollutant are externally exported.When the plane earth width>During 10m, the diversion channel
11 is the distance that 5~10m is spaced between a plurality of and adjacent two diversion channels.
Additionally, the drainage system also include some settling pits 15, the settling pit 15 in the cistern 14 with lead
Connect between stream canal 11 and respectively with cistern 14 and diversion channel 11, the supernatant Jing interlude diversion channels of settling pit 15 enter water-retention
Pond 14.
Equipment of sprinkler irrigation is provided with the cistern 14, the equipment of sprinkler irrigation is using the water sprinkling irrigation mining mark in cistern
The plant of ground；The equipment of sprinkler irrigation includes：Water pump, engine, tubing and shower nozzle.
Reducing in the method that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported in this paper, drainage
System includes parallel works, storing facilities of water and irrigating facility.
Parallel works include diversion channel and curb.The diversion channel is arranged on gentle slope and closes on the toe on gentle slope
Rather than the position on gentle slope slope top, the size of the diversion channel calculates according to catchment area, charge for remittance amount etc. and determines.The water conservancy diversion
Ditch is arranged between two adjacent fields, and the current direction of the curb is configured according to the diversion channel.In the present invention
In some preferred embodiments, the width and depth of the curb is little than diversion channel.In some preferred embodiments of the invention
In, the curb has certain gradient (1 °~3 °).In some preferred embodiments of the invention, in the middle of the curb and
Class grass seeds of crawling has been sowed on both sides, and ecological grass ditch is formed after covering with, and beneficial to runoff decrease speed, is reduced rainfall runoff and is washed away.
The storing facilities of water includes cistern.The cistern is arranged on gentle slope and non-flat positioned at diversion channel end
The position on gentle slope slope top, determines with specific reference to factors such as cistern volume size, soil bearing capacities.
The equipment of sprinkler irrigation includes water pump, engine, tubing and shower nozzle.The equipment of sprinkler irrigation is arranged on cistern
Place, determines with specific reference to factors such as land area, the vegetation types irrigated.Additionally, arranging between cistern and equipment of sprinkler irrigation
Defecator, so as to prevent equipment of sprinkler irrigation from blocking.By building equipment of sprinkler irrigation (system of regulating and storing), using daily sprinkling irrigation (no
One is scheduled on period of drought) rainwater storage capacity in cistern is reduced, in addition to it can meet vegetation irrigation demand, it can also be ensured that water-retention
The Regulation capacity of system, to meet the water-retention requirement of next rainfall.It is important that, this system of regulating and storing can be protected by soil, plant
The modes such as outlet capacity, plant transpiration effect, reduce seepage discharge of the pollutant with interflow subsurface drainage (rainwater infiltration is formed), also reduce
Pollutant enter external environment with rainwash.
Selectively, the drainage system can further include settling pit, the settling pit in the cistern with
Connect between diversion channel and respectively with cistern and diversion channel, settling pit supernatant Jing interlude diversion channels enter cistern.
Reducing in the system that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported in this paper, the field
In block, curb, side slope can planting plants, selected with specific reference to edaphic condition, pionner, improvement demand etc..Wherein,
Plant collocation need to consider the chronicity of its effect, to soil improvement action, the firm effect of side slope and plant to moisture
The factors such as demand.Inventor is had found for reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ of the present invention after a series of screening
The system that leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported, most suitable plant is arranged in pairs or groups and is in field：Miscanthus+Herba Digitariae grass+Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.+
Rye grass；The optimal plant of side slope is arranged in pairs or groups and is：Black dried tuber+Caulis Miscanthis floriduli+Bermuda grass+Semen Cajani+rye grass.
Wherein, Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., Semen Cajani, rye grass are green manure crop, and soil is improved good action.
And black dried tuber, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, Miscanthus then root system is more flourishing, fixation is stronger；And Bermuda grass, Herba Digitariae grass is then to crawl
Crawl type plant, is conducive to covering earth's surface, reduces rain drop erosion, and also plays the role of to reduction rainwater infiltration larger.
Arrange in pairs or groups annual rye grass, earth's surface can be covered using its withered branch and leaf, gradually rot to become organic matter, increase soil
Earth nutrient.In addition, the mixed seeding of various grass seeds can strengthen the defensive ability/resistance ability that vegetation is coerced environmental condition, with higher environment
Adaptability and more preferable general performance, can reach mutual supplement with each other's advantages.Most preferably, the planting proportion of plant is Miscanthus in field：Horse
Tang's grass：Rye grass：Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.=1~3:4~6:1~3:7~9；The planting proportion of slope plant is black dried tuber：Caulis Miscanthis floriduli：Canis familiaris L.
Root of the tooth：Semen Cajani：Rye grass=1~3:1~3:3~5:2~4:8~11, now the output control of abandoned mine land pollutant is imitated
Fruit is optimal.
The method for reducing the external output of ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant provided by the present invention
River harnessing ideas are：By 1. rainwater-collecting, utilize, reduce rainwater infiltration；2. revegetation reduces rainwash；3. vegetation consolidates
Side slope, reduces slope collapse；4. the approach of the aspect such as the aqueous water holding capacity of soil, plant transpiration effect, reduction external defeated of rainwater
Go out, so as to reduce the conveying capacity that pollutant enter external environment with rainwater.
Mainly the mode of realization is：Moulding the counter-slope landform of slight slope carries out counter-slope charge for remittance, is led with light material construction
Stream and storing facilities of water, the engineering measure and plant measures that water erosion is controlled combines, and effective control runoff washes away, stable side
Slope, and the solid soil of solid water is planted by vegetation, rainwater infiltration is reduced, so as to reduce the leaching content of soil body deep layer pollutant.By building
If spray irrigation system, cistern moisture storage capacity is adjusted, in addition to can meet vegetation irrigation demand, it can also be ensured that water storage system is regulated and stored
Ability, to meet the water-retention requirement of next rainfall.It is important that, this system of regulating and storing can pass through soil, plant water keeping ability, plant
The modes such as transpiration, reduce seepage discharge of the pollutant with interflow subsurface drainage (rainwater infiltration is formed), also reduce pollutant everywhere
Table runoff enters external environment.
It will be apparent to a skilled person that reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining mark of the present invention
The system and method that ground contamination thing is externally exported can also be applied to other types of abandoned mine land.
Embodiment 1
A kind of reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant referred to shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are externally defeated
The structural representation of the system that the method for going out is obtained, the soil waterpower of the ionic type rare earth ore in-situ solvent extraction method abandoned mine land is invaded
Erosion control system includes gentle slope 1, side slope 2, toe 3, plane destination edge 4, ridge 5, diversion channel 6, field 7, curb 8, storage
Pond 9.
The present embodiment is primarily directed to the reduction ion type rareearth ore that the abandoned mine land of the less terrace shape of area is taken
The measure that In-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported, with plane earth width about 8m, the terrace shape abandoned mine land of a length of 35m
As a example by.The method for reducing the external output of ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant of the present embodiment can pass through following
Step is implemented：
(1) arrange to form gentle slope 1 using the plane earth of large-duty loader just abandoned mine land, the direction of gentle slope 1 by with
The relative plane destination edge 4 of side slope toe 3 to the direction of side slope toe 3 inclines, and the gradient on gentle slope 1 is 1 °；Wherein, side slope 2 with
Gentle slope 1 is located at the same layer of terraced fields；
(2) 1m width, high about is accomplished in plane destination edge 4 (namely gentle slope Po Ding) using the soil of the smooth reduction of plane earth
The ridge 5 of 30cm；
(3) diversion channel 6 of a width of 30cm, a height of 25cm is dug in the position of the toe 1-1.5m apart from side slope；
(4) on gentle slope 1, according to a width of 1.5m-2m, the specification of a length of 2-3m carries out field 7 and divides and build a width of
10-20cm, depth is the curb 8 of 5-10cm；
(5) mixed seeding Miscanthus, Herba Digitariae grass, rye grass, Sweetclover in field 7, its ratio is Miscanthus：Herba Digitariae grass：Rye (Secale cereale L.)
Grass：Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.=2:4:3:8；The black dried tuber of side slope miscegenation, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, Bermuda grass, Semen Cajani, rye grass, its ratio is black dried tuber：It is fragrant
Root grass：Bermuda grass：Semen Cajani：Rye grass=1:3:3:3:10, now to the output control best results of abandoned mine land pollutant.
(6) 7 curbs of field are ecological grass ditch；
(7) broadcast sowing on the both sides of curb 8 and centre and crawl class grass seeds (such as：Bermuda grass), ecological grass ditch, profit are formed after covering with
In runoff decrease speed, reduce rainfall runoff and wash away；
(8) cistern 9 is being built apart from side slope toe 1-1.5m, apart from the position of the about 2-3m of side slope edge 17；
(9) size of cistern 9 according to determining after the calculating such as edaphic condition, rainfall intensity, runoff intensity, grow by cistern 9
It is 2m for 5m, a width of 3.5m, depth；
(10) spray irrigation system is built at the cistern, with using the plant on the water sprinkling irrigation abandoned mine land in cistern
Thing；Correlation is laid as follows：
Spray irrigation system is provided with tubing in each cistern, plane, and water pump is that movable water pump, i.e. water pump are removable
It is dynamic to access each cistern, to better profit from each cistern in water irrigate plant.
(11) on the premise of not raining, not producing rainwash, outlet capacity, soil moisture content and plant are contained according to vegetation
The factors such as transpiration, irregularly, non-quantitative ground pour vegetation, effectively rainwater can be trapped in mining area, make pollutant not with
Rainwash, interflow subsurface drainage enter external environment, while also can circulate rainwater by the transpiration of plant, increase mining area pair
Rainwater can capacity.
Implementation result：
After construction, equipment of sprinkler irrigation effectively have adjusted the moisture storage capacity of cistern, reduce pollutant with interflow subsurface drainage (rainwater infiltration
Formed) seepage discharge, decrease pollutant and enter external environment with rainwash.The solid soil of solid water is planted by vegetation, is subtracted
Few rainwater infiltration, so as to reduce the leaching content of soil body deep layer pollutant；Meanwhile, side slope is consolidated by vegetation plantation, reduce its side
Slope slope collapse, so as to further reduce its external output.
Water quality testing data before contrast is built and after construction, the water-quality ratio after construction is good before building.Area is not administered in contrast
Domain, the water quality testing data for administering region and river, it is known that administer region and about 80% is cut down to the pollutant transportation amount in river, adopt
Abandoned mine land is administered with the method, to pollutant output control effect is significant.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant referred to shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are externally defeated
The structural representation of the system that the method for going out is obtained, reduction ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are external
The system of output includes gentle slope 10, diversion channel 11, field 12, curb 13, cistern 14, settling pit 15, side slope 16, toe
17th, side slope edge 18 and ridge 19.The present embodiment is primarily directed to the reduction ion type rareearth that the larger plane earth of area is taken
The measure that ore deposit In-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported, with plane earth width about 20m, the terrace shape of a length of 75m is dug up mine
As a example by slash.The method for reducing the external output of ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant of the present embodiment can pass through
Following steps are implemented：
(1) arrange to form gentle slope 10 using the plane earth of large-duty loader just abandoned mine land, the direction of gentle slope 10 by
The side slope edge 19 relative with side slope toe 17 to the direction of side slope toe 17 inclines, and the gradient on gentle slope 10 is 1 °；Wherein, side slope
16 same layers that terraced fields are located at gentle slope 10；
(2) 1m width, high about is accomplished in plane destination edge (i.e. gentle slope Po Ding) using the soil of the smooth reduction of plane earth
The ridge 19 of 30cm；
(3) diversion channel 11 of a width of 30cm, a height of 25cm is dug in the position of the toe 1-1.5m apart from side slope 17；
(4) 1 diversion channel 11 is at least added on the gentle slope 10 of wide about 20m, every diversion channel 11 is at a distance of about 10m；
(5) in the plane, field 12 is carried out according to the length of a width of 1.5m-2m, a length of 2-3m and divides and build a width of 10-
20cm, depth is the curb 13 of 5-10cm；
(6) 12 curbs 13 of field are ecological grass ditch；
(7) broadcast sowing on the both sides of curb 13 and centre and crawl class grass seeds (such as：Bermuda grass), ecological grass ditch is formed after covering with,
Beneficial to runoff decrease speed, reduce rainfall runoff and wash away；
(8) cistern 14 is built in the position apart from plane destination edge about 10m；
(9) size of cistern 14 according to determining after the calculating such as edaphic condition, rainfall intensity, runoff intensity, grow by cistern 14
It is 2m for 13m, a width of 6m, depth；
(10) spray irrigation system is built at the cistern 14, with using on the water sprinkling irrigation abandoned mine land in cistern 14
Plant；Correlation is laid as follows：
Spray irrigation system is provided with tubing in each cistern, plane, and water pump is that movable water pump, i.e. water pump are removable
It is dynamic to access each cistern, to better profit from each cistern in water irrigate plant.
(11) on the premise of not raining, not producing rainwash, outlet capacity, soil moisture content and plant are contained according to vegetation
The factors such as transpiration, irregularly, non-quantitative ground pour vegetation, effectively rainwater can be trapped in mining area, make pollutant not with
Rainwash, interflow subsurface drainage enter external environment, while also can circulate rainwater by the transpiration of plant, increase mining area pair
Rainwater can capacity.
(12) mixed seeding Miscanthus, Herba Digitariae grass, rye grass, Sweetclover in field 13, its ratio is Miscanthus：Herba Digitariae grass：
Rye grass：Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.=2:4:3:8；The black dried tuber of side slope miscegenation, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, Bermuda grass, Semen Cajani, rye grass, its ratio is black Sha
Grass：Caulis Miscanthis floriduli：Bermuda grass：Semen Cajani：Rye grass=1:3:3:3:10, now to the output control effect of abandoned mine land pollutant most
It is good.
Implementation result：
By work such as counter-slope charge for remittance, drainage system Construction, field division and revegetations, rainwater is effectively collected,
, there is not the phenomenon that comes down or cave in abandoned mine land soil erosion control up to 93%, and stability of slope, and preferably control rainwater and enter
Enter external environment.But before not building the system of regulating and storing, because cannot ensure that there is a remaining capacity water-retention in each Pluvial, therefore water storage system
The external discharge capacity of rainwater about 58% can be reduced, and after system Construction of regulating and storing, except meeting need of the plant growing to moisture well
Ask outer, poured using the rainwater in cistern by irregular, non-quantitative, and not excessive pouring will not form earth's surface
Runoff and interflow subsurface drainage, can control pollutant and not outflow with rainwater, and can adjust cistern again can capacity.Jing is investigated, and is built
After system of regulating and storing, because each Pluvial have it is suitable can capacity carry out water storage, therefore reduce the about 73% outside discharge capacity of rainwater.
It is last to should be noted that above example only to illustrate technical scheme rather than protect to the present invention
The restriction of shield scope, although being explained in detail to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment, one of ordinary skill in the art should
Understand, technical scheme can be modified or equivalent, without deviating from the essence of technical solution of the present invention
And scope.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of to reduce the method that ion type rareearth ore abandoned mine land pollutant are externally exported, it is characterised in that including following step
Suddenly：
(1) prepartion of land is carried out according to original gradient of abandoned mine land, the plane earth of abandoned mine land is arranged to form gentle slope with
Form counter-slope charge for remittance；
(2) diversion channel is set, for the water that water conservancy diversion is collected by gentle slope, side slope；
(3) arrange cistern, for collecting diversion channel in water；
(4) the gentle slope is divided into into some fields, between adjacent two field curb is dug, wherein, in the curb
Between and side sow and crawl class grass seeds to form ecological grass ditch；
(5) spray irrigation system is set, the plant irrigated on abandoned mine land using the water in cistern irregularly, non-quantitative.
2. it is according to claim 1 to reduce the side that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported
Method, it is characterised in that the plant planted in the field is plant, the plant of class of crawling well developed root system of erect type well developed root system
With the combination of green manure plant；
What in the middle of the curb and side was sowed crawls class grass seeds for Bermuda grass grass seeds；
When the abandoned mine land is provided with side slope, the plant planted in the side slope is the plant of erect type well developed root system, crawls
The plant of class well developed root system and the combination of green manure plant.
3. it is according to claim 2 to reduce the side that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported
Method, it is characterised in that in the plant planted in the field, the plant of the erect type well developed root system is selected from Miscanthus, Plantula Neyraudiae Reynaudianae；Institute
The plant of class well developed root system of crawling is stated selected from Bermuda grass, Herba Digitariae grass；The green manure plant selected from Trifolium repense, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.,
Rye grass；
In the plant planted in the side slope, the plant of the erect type well developed root system is selected from black dried tuber, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli；It is described to crawl
The plant of class well developed root system is selected from Bermuda grass；The green manure plant is selected from Semen Cajani, Caulis Seu Folium Lespedezae Bicoloris, rye grass.
4. it is according to claim 3 to reduce the side that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported
Method, it is characterised in that the plant planted in the field is Miscanthus, Herba Digitariae grass, Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., the combination of rye grass, and the field
The plant blend proportion planted on block is Miscanthus：Herba Digitariae grass：Rye grass：Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.=1~3:4~6:1~3:7~9；
The plant planted in the side slope is the combination of black dried tuber, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli, Bermuda grass, Semen Cajani, rye grass, and in the side slope
Plantation plant collocation ratio be：Black dried tuber：Caulis Miscanthis floriduli：Bermuda grass：Semen Cajani：Rye grass=1~3:1~3:3~5:2~4:
8~11.
5. it is according to claim 1 to reduce the side that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported
Method, it is characterised in that in the step (1), the gradient on the gentle slope is 1 °~3 °.
6. it is according to claim 1 to reduce the side that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported
Method, it is characterised in that in the step (2), on gentle slope and close on gentle slope toe rather than gentle slope slope top position at
Diversion channel is set, when abandoned mine land is provided with side slope, needs to arrange diversion channel at the toe for closing on side slope；And/or
In the step (3), cistern is set on gentle slope and at the position that diversion channel end rather than gentle slope slope are pushed up.
7. it is according to claim 6 to reduce the side that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported
Method, it is characterised in that when plane earth width is more than 10m, diversion channel need to be added；Standoff distance should be in 5~10m between diversion channel
In the range of.
8. it is according to claim 1 to reduce the side that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported
Method, it is characterised in that in the step (4), the width of field is 1.5m~2m, and length is 2m~3m.
9. it is according to claim 1 to reduce the side that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported
Method, it is characterised in that in the step (5), spray irrigation system from cistern is released water filling by movable water pump
Irrigate the plant on abandoned mine land.
10. it is according to claim 1 to reduce the side that ionic type rare earth ore in-situ leaching mining slash pollutant are externally exported
Method, it is characterised in that the material of the diversion channel and/or cistern is HDPE antiseepage film.
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| CN108575170A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-09-28 | 美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Hill forest green method is replied immediately soon |
| CN109182750A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-01-11 | 武汉工程大学 | A kind of weathered superficial leaching rare-earth ore Situ Leaching leakage closure method |
| CN109287387A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-02-01 | 广州益禄丰生态环保科技有限责任公司 | A method of combine Wild Leguminous Plant to repair Rare-earth Mine bare area using black nutgrass flatsedge |
| CN110424364A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-11-08 | 中节能大地环境修复有限公司 | In-situ ionic rare earth soaks mine abandoned mine ecological recovery method and its recovery system |
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