CN105638197A - Hemarthria compressa and vegetation construction method of hemarthria compressa in ecological management - Google Patents
Hemarthria compressa and vegetation construction method of hemarthria compressa in ecological management Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses hemarthria compressa and a vegetation construction method of the hemarthria compressa in ecological management. The method comprises the steps that hemarthria compressa and/or hemarthria sibirica plants are collected in the wild, tissue culture is conducted, a large number of small plants are obtained, planting by plant division is conducted, and the small plants grow to a suitable size to serve as seedlings; the seedlings are utilized to construct vegetation, wherein a vegetation construction period, a vegetation construction mode and a vegetation planting method are selected, and one or two of the hemarthria compressa and the hemarthria sibirica can be selected in vegetation selection and mixed with other plants for planting; management and protection are conducted on the constructed vegetation. According to the hemarthria compressa and the vegetation construction method of the hemarthria compressa in ecological management, a water fluctuation zone, specially a great-depth long-time flooded water fluctuation zone can be provided with survival vegetation all through the year, the vegetation coverage rate reaches 100%, and the landscape quality of the water fluctuation zone is greatly improved. Soil loss of the water fluctuation zone can be greatly reduced and even completely controlled, and meanwhile the hemarthria compressa can serve as an excellent reservoir bank land-and-water barrier belt, and the soil loss and non-point pollutants produced in the land area above the water fluctuation zone are intercepted, absorbed and resolved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological environmental protection and Treatment process, particularly relate to a kind of Hemarthria compressa and the Hemarthria compressa vegetation construction method in ecological management.
Background technology
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is just a kind of vegetation construction method providing Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa in ecological management to solve the problem.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
The present invention comprises the following steps: gathering Hemarthria compressa and/or Hemarthria compressa plant first in the wild, obtain after a large amount of little strain through tissue culture, plant division is planted, and grows into after suitable size as seedling; Recycle described seedling and build vegetation: select vegetation construction period, vegetation construction mode and vegetation kind method for planting, select when vegetation is selected Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa one or both, and the mode can planted with other plant mongrel; Finally the vegetation of described structure is managed and protected.
Specifically, described vegetation construction is period: the vegetation construction of river channel below dams, carries out after water level decreasing, falling zone exposure; The vegetation construction of rivers and lakes falling zone, carries out after in summer, the phase of rising terminates.
Further, before plantation Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa, remove the foreign material such as the withered branch of falling zone, stone, the method bank protections such as stone bar, stone ridge or concrete to be taked in the falling zone gradient greatly to steep bank, for water wave wash away obvious falling zone to be built cofferdam or barricade etc. carry out anti-wave brush process.
Specifically, described vegetation construction mode is: adopt Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa to build complete continuous print vegetation, and the discontinuous plant of block, bulk or point-like.
Described vegetation kind method for planting is specially:
The plantation of Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa can adopt the method broadcasting cave or drilling:
The described method broadcasting cave, intend plantation Hemarthria compressa and the falling zone of Hemarthria compressa dig out diameter 15 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres broadcast cave, cave is apart from 30��40 centimetres, by the Hemarthria compressa cultivated or Hemarthria compressa kind transplantation of seedlings in broadcasting in cave, with loam compacting seedling root system, watering and determine loam hilling after root, hilling exceeds 3��5 centimetres, earth's surface;
The method of described drilling, in falling zone in the way of being parallel to the water surface horizontal wall inscription excavation wide 10��15 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres broadcast ditch, broadcast ditch spacing 20��30 centimetres, by the Hemarthria compressa cultivated or Hemarthria compressa kind transplantation of seedlings in broadcasting in ditch, seedling spacing in the rows 10 centimetres, with loam compacting seedling root system, water and determine loam hilling after root;
About 6��10 days after planting, namely Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa plant started growth, can form stable group after about 30��40 days.
Specifically, described vegetation carries out managing and protecting being specially: in managing and protecting in early days, it is necessary to removes weeds, prevents phytophagous animal from gnawing destruction, meets arid and need to water drought resisting;
When silt alluvial is buried, treatment process is: removes, to open the form of bar ditch, the alluvial silt covered, vegetation is come out in the bar ditch removing silt, bar ditch spacing 20��30 centimetres; Promote that silt deposited the recovery of thick falling zone vegetation by reseeding.
Described utilize described seedling build vegetation can adopt utilize the mode broadcasting sowing Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa seed build Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa one or both, and the mode of the vegetation can planted with other plant mongrel is replaced.
Carrying out vegetation construction by the mode of the seed of the single or two kinds of broadcasting sowing Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa when soil is moistening after raining in falling zone or after watering soil with water, seed broadcasting overall consistency is 30-40 gram/m.
The useful effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is a kind of Hemarthria compressa and the Hemarthria compressa vegetation construction method in ecological management, compared with prior art, the present invention makes falling zone, and particularly all there is the vegetation of survival the whole year the big degree of depth, for a long time water logging falling zone, vegetation coverage reaches 100%, greatly improves the landscape quality of falling zone. The depletion controlling falling zone even completely can be reduced very significantly, excellent bank land and water, storehouse barrier band can be become simultaneously, retain, absorb, decompose depletion and area source pollutants that the above land-based area in falling zone produces. Application Hemarthria compressa and/or Hemarthria compressa build falling zone vegetation on a large scale except having extremely high ecological benefits, also have good economic benefit. Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa have extensive distribution in China, adapt to the weather condition of the vast region of China, therefore, the present invention is widely used in China's reservoir particularly Revegetation of Three Gorges Reservoir and rivers and lakes falling zone and ecological management, has good using value.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below:
The present invention comprises the following steps: gathering Hemarthria compressa and/or Hemarthria compressa plant first in the wild, obtain after a large amount of little strain through tissue culture, plant division is planted, and grows into after suitable size as seedling; Recycle described seedling and build vegetation: select vegetation construction period, vegetation construction mode and vegetation kind method for planting, select when vegetation is selected Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa one or both, and the mode can planted with other plant mongrel; Finally the vegetation of described structure is managed and protected.
Specifically, described vegetation construction is period: the vegetation construction of river channel below dams, carries out after water level decreasing, falling zone exposure; The vegetation construction of rivers and lakes falling zone, carries out after in summer, the phase of rising terminates.
Further, before plantation Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa, remove the foreign material such as the withered branch of falling zone, stone, the method bank protections such as stone bar, stone ridge or concrete to be taked in the falling zone gradient greatly to steep bank, for water wave wash away obvious falling zone to be built cofferdam or barricade etc. carry out anti-wave brush process.
Specifically, described vegetation construction mode is: adopt Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa to build complete continuous print vegetation, and the discontinuous plant of block, bulk or point-like.
Described vegetation kind method for planting is specially:
The plantation of Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa can adopt the method broadcasting cave or drilling:
The described method broadcasting cave, intend plantation Hemarthria compressa and the falling zone of Hemarthria compressa dig out diameter 15 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres broadcast cave, cave is apart from 30��40 centimetres, by the Hemarthria compressa cultivated or Hemarthria compressa kind transplantation of seedlings in broadcasting in cave, with loam compacting seedling root system, watering and determine loam hilling after root, hilling exceeds 3��5 centimetres, earth's surface;
The method of described drilling, in falling zone in the way of being parallel to the water surface horizontal wall inscription excavation wide 10��15 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres broadcast ditch, broadcast ditch spacing 20��30 centimetres, by the Hemarthria compressa cultivated or Hemarthria compressa kind transplantation of seedlings in broadcasting in ditch, seedling spacing in the rows 10 centimetres, with loam compacting seedling root system, water and determine loam hilling after root;
About 6��10 days after planting, namely Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa plant started growth, can form stable group after about 30��40 days.
Specifically, described vegetation carries out managing and protecting being specially: in managing and protecting in early days, it is necessary to removes weeds, prevents phytophagous animal from gnawing destruction, meets arid and need to water drought resisting;
When silt alluvial is buried, treatment process is: removes, to open the form of bar ditch, the alluvial silt covered, vegetation is come out in the bar ditch removing silt, bar ditch spacing 20��30 centimetres; Promote that silt deposited the recovery of thick falling zone vegetation by reseeding.
Described utilize described seedling build vegetation can adopt utilize the mode broadcasting sowing Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa seed build Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa one or both, and the mode of the vegetation can planted with other plant mongrel is replaced.
Carrying out vegetation construction by the mode of the seed of the single or two kinds of broadcasting sowing Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa when soil is moistening after raining in falling zone or after watering soil with water, seed broadcasting overall consistency is 30-40 gram/m.
Embodiment:
Spring in 2007, the Hemarthria compressa of field acquisition stalwartness, well-grown and Hemarthria compressa plant, the mode of division propagation is adopted to cultivate Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa seedling in nursery, through growth and the cultivation of 1 year, breed out the Hemarthria compressa of sufficient amount and Hemarthria compressa seedling for building falling zone vegetation.
Spring in 2008, Yangtze River Gorges river channel below dams (absolute elevation 176��145 meters) Selection experiment land used about 15 mu, the water level of falling zone is by the control of Three Gorges Reservoir scheduling, and the vertical discrepancy in elevation of fluctuation in stage is maximum reaches 30 meters; The average temperature of the whole year of location is 17��19 DEG C, and frostless season is greater than 330 days, annual rainfall about 1200 millimeters. As shown in table 1, test land used is positioned at three test sites, and each test site has the different gradients and incomplete same edaphic condition. Each test site carries out place cleaning plant in order to plant and build vegetation.
The feature of table 1. three test sites
| Test site | Average slope (degree) | MAIN SOILS type | Soil layer mean thickness (rice) |
| A | 5.1 | Yellow earth | >1.15 |
| B | 10.5 | Yellow earth, rice soil | 0.74 |
| C | 14.7 | Purple soil | 0.28 |
From at the beginning of 2008 3 months, each test site plants separately Hemarthria compressa simultaneously or Hemarthria compressa builds single vegetation, and the vegetation that every kind of plant builds all covers 145��176 meters of elevation regions. The plantation of Hemarthria compressa or Hemarthria compressa adopts the method for drilling: dig in test site be parallel to river surface wide 10��15 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres broadcast ditch, broadcast ditch spacing 20��30 centimetres, by the Hemarthria compressa cultivated or Hemarthria compressa kind transplantation of seedlings in broadcasting in ditch, seedling spacing in the rows 10 centimetres.Owing to the time of water-break exposure is different, different elevation ecological region planting Hemarthria compressa or Hemarthria compressa and to complete time of vegetation construction different, lowest elevation region because of exposure the latest its vegetation construction complete by the end of May then. 6��8 days after planting, namely Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa plant started growth, simultaneously on the ground stolon produce and to extending therearound centered by plant; Planting after 1 month, Hemarthria compressa or Hemarthria compressa vegetation coverage in each test site reach more than 95%; Before Three Gorges Reservoir starts retaining by the end of September then, having formed Hemarthria compressa or the Hemarthria compressa vegetation of luxuriant densification in each test site, vegetation coverage reaches 100%. In addition, in early June then, planting in the bamboo basket filling with 60 �� 60 �� 30 centimetres of corresponding test site soil Hemarthria compressa or Hemarthria compressa plant, formed dense rirgulaea to the Hemarthria compressa in bamboo basket time by the end of September then or Hemarthria compressa, fraction of coverage reaches 100%. Before reservoir starts retaining by the end of September then, the bamboo basket covering with Hemarthria compressa or Hemarthria compressa rirgulaea is inserted in the storehouse bank of 143��145 meters of elevations and carry out water logging. From in by the end of September, 2008, Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa rirgulaea in Hemarthria compressa in 3 test sites and Hemarthria compressa vegetation and bamboo basket are all flooded by SINCE STORAGE IN THREE GORGES RESERVOIR. After water-break in May, 2009 to the complete exposure in falling zone, elapsed time reaches 8 months most, the water logging of dark about 30 meters, and as shown in table 2 and table 3, Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa plant in each test site still survive, as shown in table 4, ground stolon is intact and covers whole test site completely; As shown in table 5,3 test sites after exposure all expose without earth's surface, without obvious depletion; Vegetation after exposure returns green fast and grows vigorous; The overland runoff produced by rainfall flow after test site vegetation obviously weakens, opacity obviously reduces. Equally, Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa rirgulaea in the bamboo basket of water outlet in by the end of May, 2009 are still survived, and stolon is intact on the ground, and after water outlet, rirgulaea produces new leaf and rapid restoration ecosystem very soon.
In September, 2009, Yangtze River Gorges reservoir again reserve-water-level go up, Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa rirgulaea in Hemarthria compressa in 3 test sites and Hemarthria compressa vegetation and bamboo basket are flooded again completely. After water-break in May, 2010 to falling zone exposure, again the elapsed time reach 8 months most, the water logging of dark about 30 meters, as shown in table 2 and table 3, Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa plant in each test site survive completely, as shown in table 4, the dense degree of vegetation and the ground storey thickness that stolon is formed on the ground are better than the vegetation after in May, 2009 water-break exposure; As shown in table 5, the earth's surface of 3 test sites after exposure is without obvious depletion;
Vegetation after exposure returns green fast and grows vigorous. Equally, Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa rirgulaea in the bamboo basket of water outlet are survived completely, and stolon is intact on the ground, and after water outlet, rirgulaea produces new leaf and rapid restoration ecosystem very soon.
The survival rate of Hemarthria compressa plant after table 2. different depths water logging
Note: after referring to after flooding for 2008 that water-break in 2009 is flooded in retaining in 2008: after referring to after within 2009, flooding that water-break in 2010 is flooded in retaining in 2009, each elevation random labelling 200 strain plant before water logging, next year water logging adds up survival rate after terminating.
The survival rate of Hemarthria compressa plant after table 3. different depths water logging
Note: after referring to after flooding for 2008 that water-break in 2009 is flooded in retaining in 2008: after referring to after within 2009, flooding that water-break in 2010 is flooded in retaining in 2009, each elevation random labelling 200 strain plant before water logging, next year water logging adds up survival rate after terminating.
The ground storey mean thickness that after continuous twice water logging of table 4., Hemarthria compressa (I) and Hemarthria compressa (II) terrestrial stem are formed
Table 5. builds the soil erosion on earth's surface after continuous twice water logging in test site after Hemarthria compressa (I) and Hemarthria compressa (II) vegetation
Spot testing in continuous 2 years of above-mentioned Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone and checking result display, Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa can extraordinary tolerance Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone occur every year continuously the big degree of depth (being up to 30 meters), long-time (reaching 8 months most) water logging, and the falling zone environment that land and water replaces can be adapted to well, the falling zone vegetation built by it can not be failed after the annual water logging occurred continuously, and the degree in great numbers of vegetation shows to become better and better; Due to dense vegetation and the existence of fine and close ground storey that formed by ground stolon, vegetation underground well developed root system simultaneously, the vegetation built has very strong soil and admittedly holds ability and weaken the ability of rainwash, the depletion of falling zone be can significantly reduce, depletion and area source pollutants that the above land-based area in falling zone produces retained. Owing to Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa have extensive distribution in China, adapt to the weather condition of the vast region of China, therefore, although it is preferred to embodiment only gives the test-results in Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone, but those skilled in the art can know by inference, the present invention is not only applicable to Revegetation and the ecological management of Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone, is applicable to Revegetation and the ecological management of other reservoir except Three Gorges Reservoir of China and rivers and lakes falling zone yet.
More than show and describe the ultimate principle of the present invention and the advantage of main feature and the present invention. The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; the principle that the present invention is just described described in above-described embodiment and specification sheets; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention. The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (8)
1. vegetation construction method in ecological management of a Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: gather Hemarthria compressa and/or Hemarthria compressa plant first in the wild, obtain after a large amount of little strain through tissue culture, plant division is planted, and grows into after suitable size as seedling; Recycle described seedling and build vegetation: select vegetation construction period, vegetation construction mode and vegetation kind method for planting, select when vegetation is selected Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa one or both, and the mode can planted with other plant mongrel; Finally the vegetation of described structure is managed and protected.
2. vegetation construction method in ecological management of a kind of Hemarthria compressa according to claim 1 and Hemarthria compressa, it is characterised in that: described vegetation construction is period: the vegetation construction of river channel below dams, carries out after water level decreasing, falling zone exposure; The vegetation construction of rivers and lakes falling zone, carries out after in summer, the phase of rising terminates.
3. vegetation construction method in ecological management of a kind of Hemarthria compressa according to claim 1 and Hemarthria compressa, it is characterized in that: before plantation Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa, remove the foreign material such as the withered branch of falling zone, stone, the method bank protections such as stone bar, stone ridge or concrete to be taked in the falling zone gradient greatly to steep bank, for water wave wash away obvious falling zone to be built cofferdam or barricade etc. carry out anti-wave brush process.
4. vegetation construction method in ecological management of a kind of Hemarthria compressa according to claim 1 and Hemarthria compressa, it is characterized in that: described vegetation construction mode is: adopt Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa to build complete continuous print vegetation, and the discontinuous plant of block, bulk or point-like.
5. vegetation construction method in ecological management of a kind of Hemarthria compressa according to claim 1 and Hemarthria compressa, it is characterised in that: described vegetation kind method for planting is specially:
The plantation of Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa can adopt the method broadcasting cave or drilling:
The described method broadcasting cave, intend plantation Hemarthria compressa and the falling zone of Hemarthria compressa dig out diameter 15 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres broadcast cave, cave is apart from 30��40 centimetres, by the Hemarthria compressa cultivated or Hemarthria compressa kind transplantation of seedlings in broadcasting in cave, with loam compacting seedling root system, watering and determine loam hilling after root, hilling exceeds 3��5 centimetres, earth's surface;
The method of described drilling, in falling zone in the way of being parallel to the water surface horizontal wall inscription excavation wide 10��15 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres broadcast ditch, broadcast ditch spacing 20��30 centimetres, by the Hemarthria compressa cultivated or Hemarthria compressa kind transplantation of seedlings in broadcasting in ditch, seedling spacing in the rows 10 centimetres, with loam compacting seedling root system, water and determine loam hilling after root;
About 6��10 days after planting, namely Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa plant started growth, can form stable group after about 30��40 days.
6. vegetation construction method in ecological management of a kind of Hemarthria compressa according to claim 1 and Hemarthria compressa, it is characterized in that: described vegetation carries out managing and protecting being specially: in managing and protecting in early days, need to remove weeds, prevent phytophagous animal from gnawing destruction, meet arid and need to water drought resisting;
When silt alluvial is buried, treatment process is: removes, to open the form of bar ditch, the alluvial silt covered, vegetation is come out in the bar ditch removing silt, bar ditch spacing 20��30 centimetres; Promote that silt deposited the recovery of thick falling zone vegetation by reseeding.
7. vegetation construction method in ecological management of a kind of Hemarthria compressa according to claim 1 and Hemarthria compressa, it is characterized in that: described utilize described seedling build vegetation can adopt utilize the mode broadcasting sowing Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa seed build Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa one or both, and the mode of the vegetation can planted with other plant mongrel is replaced.
8. vegetation construction method in ecological management of a kind of Hemarthria compressa according to claim 1 and Hemarthria compressa, it is characterized in that: carrying out vegetation construction by the mode of the seed of the single or two kinds of broadcasting sowing Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa when soil is moistening after raining in falling zone or after watering soil with water, seed broadcasting overall consistency is 30-40 gram/m.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110226565A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-09-13 | 西南大学 | A kind of vegetation protection method put in a suitable place to breed based on live pig |
| CN116616065A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-08-22 | 东北农业大学 | Summer cutting method for verbena |
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| CN116616065A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-08-22 | 东北农业大学 | Summer cutting method for verbena |
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