CN104871837A - Twig grafting method for engrafting in crown of camellia oleifera tree - Google Patents
Twig grafting method for engrafting in crown of camellia oleifera tree Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a twig grafting method for engrafting in a crown of a camellia oleifera tree. According to the method, 4 to 7 lateral branches, which are 50 to 80cm away from a base part, are 1 to 2 years old and have trunk diameters not less than 0.6cm, on a main branch of an old camellia oleifera tree are selected as graft stocks, and the grafting time is spring. <0}{0><}0{>The grafting method is based on single bud cut grafting or cleft grafting and comprises the following steps of: 1) performing stock treatment; 2) cutting scions; 3) inserting the scions; 4) tying and binding. Or the method is based on shield bud grafting with wood and comprises the following steps of: 1) cutting out stocks; 2) peeling buds; 3) inlaying the buds; and 4) binding. <}0{>According to the method, grafting wounds are small, and the possibility of bacterium infection is low; by use of opening angles of the lateral branches, crowns can be shaped and molded easily; the current annual increment is high and can be up to 60 to 150cm; the survival rate is as high as 92%; as a whole, the method is labor-saving, material-saving and low in cost; bagging and shading are not needed, fussy binding is omitted, and the method is simple to operate and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the grafting method of plant, specifically high the connecing of a kind of oil tea changes hat twig grafting method.
Background technology
Oil tea (Camellia spp.) is the productive oil species of most in Theaceae Camellia, and sensu lato oil tea refers to that in Camellia Plants, seed oil content is higher, and has certain cultivation to manage the general designation of the seeds of area.Oil tea originates in and mainly plants in China, and with olive, oil palm, coconut be called the large traditional oil tree in the world four, national existing camellia oleifera lam area about 4,000,000 hm2, accounts for more than 80% of China's woody edible oil material seeds area under cultivation.The major product of oil tea is tea oil, and be the health type edible oil that food and agricultural organization of united state emphasis is promoted, its unsaturated fatty acid content, up to more than 90%, is described as " east olive oil ".And tea cake is agricultural chemicals, be again fertilizer, can improve farmland water-holding capacity and control rice pest, pericarp is the raw material obtaining through refining tannin extract.Because oil tea has very high economic worth, in recent years, because country widelys popularize oil tea plantation, the demand of nursery stock resource is especially aobvious in short supply.But with regard to the cultivation of oil tea seedling, ubiquity oil tea survival rate is low, difficult cultivation is lived, and cause cost high, camellia oleiferaindustry developing steps are slow.
Mainly contain Nurse seed grafting method, autumn branches method and cuttage three kinds in the asexual reproduction method of oil tea, wherein Nurse seed grafting due to easy and simple to handle, survival rate is high and after grafting survival growth rapidly most widely used aborning.Oil tea can take out the tip repeatedly in 1 year, mainly contain the spring tip, summer shoot and autumn growth, and Nurse seed grafting nursery is mainly carried out in 5 ~ June in producing at present, what utilize is the spring tip, low to the availability of autumn growth, not only cause fringe bar to waste, and due to the grafting initial stage nursery stock need close hot and humid environment condition under cultivate, thus very easily by damage by disease and insect impact and be lowered into motility rate.We utilize autumn growth to carry out Nurse seed grafting in winter, spring by testing discovery for many years, effectively can improve fringe bar availability, shortening seedling raise period and the wooden amount of nursery stock is good.Have not yet to see the oil tea winter, carry out the relevant report of Nurse seed grafting spring.
It is all directly draw bark graft, cut-grafting in the upper employing of the large limb of oil tea (stock), tear the methods such as skin interlocking and carry out grafting that oil tea changes what adopt in hat grafting procedures at great Shu, the feature of this method is that the Comparison of Stocks of grafting part is thick, and after grafting, ubiquitous problem is: one is that graft survival rate is low; Two is that grafting part is difficult to heal completely; Three is that in the process of growth after grafting survival, withered cruelly splitting easily appears in oil tea stock, and plant finally can be caused dead; Four is not easily mend after first time grafting does not survive to connect, and mends after connecing and is difficult to survive.The high object of changing hat grafting of tender branch that connects of oil tea is the old camellia oleifera lam of transformation, the quality of improvement oil tea, raising tea-oil tree yield.
At present, Chinese patent 201410467706.9 discloses a kind of oil-tea sprout stock grafting method, comprise: the cultivation of stock, the selection of nursery lot, whole make bed, erection cool canopy, graft material prepare, the felling and transporting and preserve of scion, select the playing anvil, cut anvil, cut fringe of grafting time, grafting method, cuttings and wrapping, plant, after grafting nursery bed management except sprouting, weeding water spray removes cool canopy, until outplanting with topdressing, remove film cover and roll over.The method effectively can improve oil tea seedling graft survival rate, and oil tea seedling graft survival rate can reach more than 93%, ensure that the economic benefit that oil tea is planted, and promotes the development of camellia oleiferaindustry.
Chinese patent 201310497175.3 discloses the new branch grafting method of the large tree of a kind of oil tea, comprising: 1) select the large tree of oil tea grown fine as graft stock; 2), at the beginning of the last month of spring in winter before the large tree rudiment of described oil tea, wanting the position of grafting to be cut out by upper part branch, part branch is retained; 3) after the large tree rudiment of described oil tea, retain 2 ~ 4 rudiments that distance section is nearest, and remove remaining whole rudiments; 4) after described shoot sprout growth becomes lignification branch, block apart from described rudiment place 2cm ~ 3cm place described shoot, carry out grafting and complete grafting procedures, grafting time is autumn.Invention increases graft survival rate, after solving grafting survival, stock dries up the problem that cracking, life-span do not grow, and grafting is heavily mended again in the basis also can not survived in first time grafting.
Chinese patent 201310047650.7 discloses a kind of oil tea Winter-Spring Nurse seed grafting propagation method, and comprise stock and cultivate, seedling bed prepares, and container for plant growth prepares, grafting, the operations such as grafting, seedling management of planting.In Winter-Spring by heating to germination bed, the nursery of elevation (over-and-under) type seedling bed, the grafting of oil-tea sprout anvil can be carried out at winter-spring season, cultivate grafting nursery stock, ensure that the oil-tea sprout anvil grafting initial stage need cultivate under the hot and humid environment condition closed, survival rate is to 98.56%, and average height reaches 28.34cm then, and leading thread is 3.56mm.Thus improve grafting plant percent, after grafting, nursery stock can go out garden then, not only shortens growing-seedling period, improves the availability of fringe bar, and effectively can improve survival rate and the seedling growth quality of oil tea scale grafting.
See from the prior art, the main solution of most of patent be the problem of reproductive survival rate and suitable grafting method, conventional method is many inserts 2 ~ 4 little twigs at a large grafting mouth simultaneously, survives rear formation and unites and cluster round growth, be not easy to tree crown shaping, moulding, extremely unsightly.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides high the connecing of a kind of oil tea and changing hat twig grafting method.The grafting wound of the method is little, not easily bacteria infection; Tree crown is shaped, moulding to utilize side shoot opening angle to be easy to.
In following content, can relate to the title of tree body various piece, for ease of understanding, the explanation this enters: trunk is the main part of tree; On trunk, first other raw major branch; On major branch, side shoot is given birth in side again; Major branch leader branch is the front end of major branch, namely away from trunk end.
High the connecing of a kind of oil tea changes hat twig grafting method, comprises the steps:
4 ~ 7 side shoots being not less than 0.6cm using the trunk diameter of life in 1 ~ 2 year of the base portion of nearly tea oil tree major branch carry out grafting as graft stock.
Preferably, the side shoot chosen is the side shoot at base portion 50 ~ 80cm place of nearly tea oil tree major branch.
Preferably, grafting is carried out with the tea oil tree of life in 10 ~ 40 years.
Oil tea is high to be connect and changes hat twig grafting method and can adopt simple bud cut-grafting or cleft grafting, or adopts the plate budding of band xylem.
Simple bud cut-grafting or cleft grafting comprise the steps:
1) stock process
After choosing graft stock by side shoot cutting off from major branch 4 ~ 8 centimeters, scabble section, then stock to be rived downwards the dark otch of a 2 ~ 3cm at stock cortex thicker part, kerf width and scion wide, cut surface is smooth.
If there is no 1 ~ 2 year raw nutrition side shoot near major branch base portion place, then in spring and summer of last year by sawed-off for the leader's branch from major branch base portion 30 ~ 50cm on each major branch, stay downward side shoot simultaneously or have the side shoot on enough extending space directions, the side shoot of saw kerf stays 3 ~ 5cm to cut off, in the spray sprouted, (comprise and major branch and side shoot are sprouted) the peripheral side shoot staying 4 ~ 7 be evenly distributed altogether, use in order to grafting in the coming year.If saw kerf does not have side shoot, then choose 4 ~ 7 peripheral side shoots be evenly distributed in the spray sprouted on major branch, use in order to grafting in the coming year.
2) scion is cut
Scion lower end, as scion, is whittled into bibeveled wedge shape by the annotinous branch choosing the excellent annual oil tea of the kind that grows fine, and long 2 ~ 3 centimeters of inclined-plane, 1 bud is stayed in scion, and on bud, 1 centimeter of place cuts off.
3) grafting fringe
Strut rootstock opening-cleaving with grafting knife, guarantee that scion is alignd with stock cortex, scion bevel leave about 0.4 ~ 0.6 centimeter cut mouth.
This step will be accomplished " above will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, under do not pedal sky "." showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally " is exactly bevel stays about 0.5 centimeter outside, so that callus growth; The mouth of splitting " not pedaling sky " and be exactly stock can not be excessively dark, basically identical in bevel.
4) binding wrapping
Fixing scion, prevents interface gas leakage dehydration, bacteria infection.
The plate budding of band xylem comprises the steps:
1) stock opening
Cut off from major branch 4 ~ 8 centimeters by side shoot after choosing graft stock, from up to down cutting an otch, long incision 2 ~ 3cm at more level and smooth one side cutter, otch is deep to through formation layer, the xylem that otch band 1 ~ 2mm is thick.
If there is no 1 ~ 2 year raw nutrition side shoot near major branch base portion place, then in spring and summer of last year by sawed-off for the leader's branch from major branch base portion 30 ~ 50cm on each major branch, stay downward side shoot simultaneously or have the side shoot on enough extending space directions, the side shoot of saw kerf stays 3 ~ 5cm to cut off, in the spray sprouted, (comprise and major branch and side shoot are sprouted) the peripheral side shoot staying 4 ~ 7 be evenly distributed altogether, use in order to grafting in the coming year.If saw kerf does not have side shoot, then choose 4 ~ 7 peripheral side shoots be evenly distributed in the spray sprouted on major branch, use in order to grafting in the coming year.
2) cut and get bud sheet
Scion branch chooses full buddering, directly cuts a cutter at 0.4 ~ 0.6cm place, top of eye below bud, long about the 2 ~ 3cm of bevel, then 0.6 ~ 1cm place is that miter angle is splayed a cutter under bud, takes off bud sheet, bud sheet smoothly and be slightly with wooden.
3) embedding bud
Bud sheet is inserted to stock open bottom, and bud sheet is smaller than stock otch.When the width of bud sheet is less than the width of stock otch, bud sheet is close to the side of stock otch, makes both form laminating and close, form layer alignment laminating.
4) wrap up
Wound is all wrapped up tight with film, only expose petiole and eye.
Above wrapping step wants steady, tight, tight." surely " is the irremovable scion of wrapping, prevents cortex from misplacing; " tightly " is, forces scion and stock closely to be combined closely; " sternly " prevents scion and interface moisture loss, rainwater from invading.
Beneficial effect
Oil tea provided by the present invention is high to be connect and changes hat twig grafting method and have a little following:
1. save artificial, material, cost is low.Do not need hood bag, shelter from heat or light, save loaded down with trivial details wrapping.
2. simple to operate, be easy to promote.
3. current increment is large, can reach 60 ~ 150cm high.Conventional method current increment only has 20 ~ 40cm high.
4. grafting wound is little, not easily bacteria infection.Conventional method wound is comparatively large, is easy to infect, and the consequently whole strain tree of over there over there will rotting after 3 ~ 5 years do not survived in 2 ~ 4 buds of grafting mouth grafting is dead.And new method utilizes side shoot to have effectively achieved by bough, greatly wound to the conversion of sprig, minor cut or wound, and remove the wound meeting normal healing of leader's branch, can not infect.
5. survival rate is up to 92%.
6. tree crown is shaped, moulding to utilize side shoot opening angle to be easy to.
Embodiment
Be described principle of the present invention and feature below, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Simple bud cut-grafting, cleft grafting
1, stock process: the trunk diameter choosing life in 1 ~ 2 year at the nearly base portion (50 ~ 80cm) of old tea oil tree major branch is not less than 4 ~ 7 side shoots of 0.6cm as graft stock.Side shoot is cut off from major branch 4 ~ 8 cm, scabbles section with cutter, then on stock, select cortex thicker part, split a kerf downwards from stock.Dark 2 ~ the 3cm of otch, width and scion used wide, otch is smooth.2, scion is cut: choose kind is excellent, branch is healthy and strong annual oil tea as scion.Scion lower end is whittled into bibeveled wedge shape, long 2 ~ 3 centimeters of inclined-plane.1 bud is stayed in scion, and on bud, 1 centimeter of place cuts off.
3, grafting fringe: strut rootstock opening-cleaving with grafting knife, guarantee that scion and stock form layer and align, scion bevel need not insert completely, leave about 0.5 centimeter cut mouth, i.e. " above will show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, under do not pedal sky ".
4, binding wrapping: object is fixing scion, prevents interface gas leakage dehydration.Tie up tightly with plastics package rope.
Embodiment 2
The plate budding of band xylem
1, the trunk diameter that stock opening chooses life in 1 ~ 2 year at the nearly base portion (50 ~ 80cm) of old tea oil tree major branch is not less than 4 ~ 7 side shoots of 0.6cm as graft stock.Cut off from major branch 4 ~ 8 cm by side shoot, the one side that selection and comparison is level and smooth, from up to down cut a kerf with cutter, the about 2 ~ 3cm of long incision, notch depth will through forming layer, the xylem that band 1 ~ 2mm is thick.Technical requirement: peel and be slightly with xylem, bevel will be put down, directly.
2, cut to get on bud sheet is excellent in kind, branch is healthy and strong annual oil tea scion branch and choose full buddering, 0.5cm place is about on the top of eye, a cutter is directly cut below bud, long about the 2 ~ 3cm of bevel, 0.6 ~ 1cm place under bud again, splay in miter angle a cutter, (pinching petiole) takes off bud sheet, and bud sheet is wanted smoothly to be slightly with xylem as well (to note not touching wound with hand).Technical requirement: bud sheet is slightly with xylem, bevel will be put down, directly, slightly shorter than stock mouth, maintenance wound is clean.
3, bud sheet is inserted to stock open bottom by embedding bud, and bud sheet is smaller than stock otch.Width as fruit bud sheet is less than stock otch, bud sheet is close to the side of stock otch, makes both form layer alignment.Technical requirement: with the formation layer of stock, bud sheet will ensure to align in side.
4, wrapping up with being about 15 ~ 20cm, the film tape of wide about 1.5cm, wound all being wrapped up tight, only exposing petiole and eye.Technical requirement: wound Bao Yan tightens, exposes petiole and eye.
Embodiment 3
Transfer rear management
1, support: select the branch of about 1 meter to tie up on the opposite of interface when scion grows to 30 centimeters long and do pillar..
2, lighten restrictions on: when newly slightly growing to 20 centimeters, the plastic ties of enlacement packaging bag be cut off.
3, except sprouting: before coppice shoot not yet lignification several times except early, except little, except.
4, pinching: when new slightly 60 centimeters, side shoot 30 centimeters time start pinching, First Year will carry out 2-3 pinching.
5, more protection, prevents people and animals from damaging.Grafting tea place should forbid that people and animals enter, and move scion with anti-collision.
Effect example
Oil tea provided by the present invention is high to be connect and changes hat twig grafting method achieve good effect in the production plantation of reality.Such as: within 2013, carried out the old oil tea grafting of more than 30 year of 80 strains in National forest park, brain mountain, Macheng City five, grafting plant latter 30 days investigation 98% nursery stock heal; After grafting, 60 days investigation survival rate are to 93%, and the plant of 90% starts pumping young sprout.Side shoot opening angle is distributed in 45 ~ 75 degree, and tree crown is easy to shaping, is easy to fully accept illumination, is conducive to flower bud differentiation, is conducive to keeping tree vigo(u)r and increasing both production and income in the coming year.Again such as: within 2014, carried out the oil tea grafting of more than 30 year of 55 strains in National forest park, brain mountain, Macheng City five, grafting is planted investigation in latter 30 days, and the nursery stock of 98% heals; After grafting, 60 days investigation survival rate are to 94%, and the plant of 91% starts pumping young sprout.Side shoot opening angle is distributed in 45 ~ 75 degree, and tree crown is easy to shaping, is easy to fully accept illumination, is conducive to flower bud differentiation, is conducive to keeping tree vigo(u)r and increasing both production and income in the coming year.
The foregoing is only better embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. high the connecing of oil tea changes a hat twig grafting method, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
4 ~ 7 side shoots being not less than 0.6cm using the trunk diameter of life in 1 ~ 2 year of the base portion of nearly tea oil tree major branch carry out grafting as graft stock.
2. high the connecing of oil tea according to claim 1 changes hat twig grafting method, it is characterized in that: the side shoot chosen is the side shoot of the base portion 50 ~ 80cm eminence from tea oil tree major branch.
3. high the connecing of oil tea according to claim 1 changes hat twig grafting method, it is characterized in that: carry out grafting with the tea oil tree of life in 10 ~ 40 years.
4. change hat twig grafting method according to arbitrary described high the connecing of oil tea of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: grafting time is spring.
5. high the connecing of oil tea according to claim 4 changes hat twig grafting method, it is characterized in that: grafting method is simple bud cut-grafting or cleft grafting, or is the plate budding of band xylem.
6. high the connecing of oil tea according to claim 5 changes hat twig grafting method, and it is characterized in that, simple bud cut-grafting or cleft grafting comprise the steps:
1) stock process
After choosing graft stock by side shoot cutting off from major branch 4 ~ 8 centimeters, scabble section, then stock to be rived downwards the dark otch of a 2 ~ 3cm at stock cortex thicker part, kerf width and scion wide, cut surface is smooth;
2) scion is cut
Choose grow fine, annual oil tea branch that kind is excellent as scion, scion lower end is whittled into bibeveled wedge shape, long 2 ~ 3 centimeters of inclined-plane, 1 bud is stayed in scion, and on bud, 1 centimeter of place cuts off;
3) grafting fringe
Strut rootstock opening-cleaving with grafting knife, guarantee that scion and stock form layer and align, scion bevel leave 0.4 ~ 0.6 centimeter cut mouth;
4) binding wrapping
Fixing scion, prevents interface from leaking gas and loses, bacteria infection.
7. high the connecing of oil tea according to claim 5 changes hat twig grafting method, it is characterized in that, the plate budding of band xylem comprises the steps:
1) stock opening
Cut off from major branch 4 ~ 8 centimeters by side shoot after choosing graft stock, from up to down cutting an otch, long incision 2 ~ 3cm at more level and smooth one side cutter, otch is deep to through formation layer, the xylem that otch band 1 ~ 2mm is thick;
2) cut and get bud sheet
The annual oil tea scion branch that the kind that grows fine is excellent chooses full buddering, below bud, directly cut a cutter at 0.4 ~ 0.6cm place, top of eye, long about the 2 ~ 3cm of bevel, then 0.6 ~ 1cm place is that miter angle is splayed a cutter under bud, take off bud sheet, bud sheet smoothly and be slightly with wooden;
3) embedding bud
Bud sheet is inserted to stock open bottom, and bud sheet is smaller than stock otch, and forming layer will to it;
4) wrap up
Wound is all wrapped up tight with film, only expose petiole and eye.
8. high the connecing of oil tea according to claim 7 changes hat twig grafting method, it is characterized in that: step 3) in, when the width of bud sheet is less than the width of stock otch, bud sheet being close to the side of stock otch, making both with forming layer alignment laminating.
9. change hat twig grafting method according to arbitrary described high the connecing of oil tea of claim 5 to 8, it is characterized in that: if there is no 1 ~ 2 year raw nutrition side shoot near major branch base portion place, then in spring and summer of last year by sawed-off for the leader's branch from major branch base portion 30 ~ 50cm on each major branch, stay downward side shoot simultaneously or have the side shoot on enough extending space directions, the side shoot of saw kerf stays 3 ~ 5cm to cut off, in the spray sprouted, stay 4 ~ 7 side shoots altogether, use in order to grafting in the coming year.
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| CN107371828A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-11-24 | 北京中农富通园艺有限公司 | A kind of method with overlength scion grafting renovation fruit tree |
| CN110226424A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-09-13 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of oil tea grafting of tender branch method |
| CN112166850A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-temperature high-grafting and seed changing method for pomelo trees |
| CN115211293A (en) * | 2022-08-02 | 2022-10-21 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | Grafting method for changing high branches of acer truncatum into excellent branches |
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