CN102823439A - Method for temperature control and humidity control graftage of carya illinoensis - Google Patents
Method for temperature control and humidity control graftage of carya illinoensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102823439A CN102823439A CN2012103490588A CN201210349058A CN102823439A CN 102823439 A CN102823439 A CN 102823439A CN 2012103490588 A CN2012103490588 A CN 2012103490588A CN 201210349058 A CN201210349058 A CN 201210349058A CN 102823439 A CN102823439 A CN 102823439A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for grafting carya illinoensis, the grafting temperature and humidity as well as stock and scion seedling cultivation before the grafting are strictly controlled, and the method is realized through the following steps of: building a potting cutting orchard, cultivating the stock and automatic temperature control and humidity control grafting; and because the control of the key carya illinoensis grafting links is reinforced, temperature difference between day and night is eliminated, the scion and the stock cut are prevented from expansion with heat and contraction with cold due to the temperature difference, enough water is ensured, the grafting failure due to the water loss of a scion bud is avoided, the grafting survival rate of the carya illinoensis can reach above 85%, and a better horticulture foundation is laid for successfully marketing the carya illinoensis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the horticultural gardening field, be specifically related to a kind of grafting method of apocarya.
Background technology
Apocarya [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) k.Koch.] has another name called pecan tree, is a kind in Juglandaceae, the hickory, is one of famous in the world high-grade nut seeds.Apocarya originates in North America, and the main product U.S., China introduce a fine variety the history of existing last 100 years.The cultivation of employing improved seeds has high economic benefit.
But breeding seedling-wood breeding technology is one of principal element that hinders at present the apocarya industrialized development.The domestic shoot survival percent of cultivating fine seed strains is low at present, cost is high.The main method of breeding the apocarya improved seeds is propagation by grafiting, but graft survival rate, stock and scion availability, seedling growth amount etc. all directly influence seedling cost and efficient.
Jiangsu Province Plant Inst. is since the seventies in 20th century; Plant the good offspring of growing directly from seeds of a large amount of apocaryas; Study emphasis apocarya fine individual plant is selected, and has successively carried out vegetative propagation experiments such as apocarya cuttage and grafting, but reproduction coefficient is lower; Seedling quality is uneven, and the vegetative propagation technique of apocarya still rests on trial property experimental stage.At present, the fruit of domestic apocarya is more with area under cultivation, and also has the trend that further enlarges, but the lazy weight of seedling is one of key factor of current limit production development.
Owing to above-mentioned many uppity reasons, apocarya so far still the factor amount fail to get into commodity market very little, the main dependence on import of market supply.Apocarya temperature and humidity control propagation by grafiting method comprises that cultivating grafting article seedling from the container rootstock seedling cultivates; The selection of suitable grafting period; And the Temperature and Humidity Control during grafting, thereby strengthen control to apocarya grafting key link, eliminate day and night temperature; Avoid producing the temperature difference and cause that scion and stock otch expand with heat and contract with cold; Assurance moisture abundance avoids the dehydration of scion sprout to cause the grafting failure, improves the graft survival rate of apocarya, has established gardening basis preferably for realizing that apocarya is successfully introduced to the market.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of grafting method of apocarya, the temperature during to grafting, humidity and the stock before the grafting and scion seedling cultivated carried out strict control have obtained splendid effect.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of grafting method of apocarya, concrete steps comprise:
1. build potted plant cutting orchard
With improved seeds or good elite stand fringe bar is material, and the breeding high quality seedling is built potted plant cutting orchard.
Because apocarya is the deep-rootedness seeds, container for plant growth with cylindric or rectangular-shaped all can, container bottom footpath 40-60cm, container depth 60-80cm are advisable, and can select polyethylene control root fast seedling growing container, gallon basin container for plant growth or anticorrosion Wooden container.Seedling medium is advisable with the organic nutrition soil of high-quality, promotes seedling growth, promotes the growth of sturdy branch, the scion of production high-quality.Potted plant cutting orchard operation can be with reference to general cutting orchard management.
2. stock is cultivated
Carry out the long-pending vernalization of husky bed with elite seed, cultivate high-quality bud seedling, transplant container after cutting root, cultivate the high-quality stock.
The moisture absorption of apocarya seed is returned dry treatment 2 times, each seed suction 24 hours, dries 24 hours; After long-pending 60 days, husky bed Artificial Control is warming up to 25 ℃ to seed at 5 ℃ of low temperature sand beds; Seed germination sprouts to 10cm behind the seedling, and excision radicle bottom 1/3-1/2 transplants to container; Container for plant growth is advisable with footpath, end 6-10cm, bore 10-15cm, height 8-15cm; Seedling medium is decided with economic conditions, can gather materials on the spot, and also can select organic raising seedling matrix for use.
3. propagation by grafiting in the automation temperature and humidity control greenhouse
Carry out the key link that the apocarya grafting is grafting in the automation temperature and humidity control greenhouse; Mainly just be to control rational temperature and humidity; Temperature is stable round the clock to be avoided producing the temperature difference and causes that scion and stock otch expand with heat and contract with cold, and the moisture abundance avoids the dehydration of scion sprout to cause grafting to be failed.In March, the potted plant cutting orchard trees and the container seedling of growing directly from seeds are moved in the greenhouse and cultivate normal management.In the week, " subsides bud grafting " method of employing is carried out the apocarya grafting before and after May 1.
Scion is with adopting with connecing, and the strict control of greenhouse temperature can be selected a fixed temperature during grafting in 22-26 ℃ of scope, avoids producing day and night temperature; The strict control of chamber humidity during grafting, gas humidity is controlled at (85 ± 5) %, and stock container soil humidity is controlled at 15%-18%; Said temperature and damp condition be the strict control of three all planted agents after grafting the last week to grafting.
Grafting bud sheet is selected the sprout at branch middle part, and this is that for good basis is established in the formation of callus, graft survival rate is high because the growth of middle part sprout is enriched, and nutrition condition is good, and is full, and metabolism is vigorous.The graft stock rugosity is selected the 1.0-1.2cm nursery stock, and scion bevel length is in the 2.0-2.5cm scope, and bevel is long, and then wound face is big, and oxidation produces separation layer, is difficult for healing; Short then to produce callus few, be unfavorable for healing between the anvil fringe.
During grafting stock is cut in suitable annual grafting part (annual rootstock seedling cut stay 15-20 centimetre get final product).When cutting the bud sheet, left hand is held scion, and right hand-held knife is in the 1.0-1.5 centimeters to the bud of splaying downwards of 1.0-1.5 centimeters above the bud; The bud sheet will be with a part of xylem; And the thickness of buddering is advisable with 2 millimeter, and the bud sheet is taken off in the horizontal partial application of 1.0-1.5 centimeters below bud then.It is basic identical that stock is cut method, splays (or being a bit larger tham the length of buddering) about 2.0-2.5 centimetre horizontal then partial application downwards in 2-3 centimeters below the stock clip; Take off its skin bit; To budder rapidly immediately is attached on the tangent plane, aligns with the stock otch in the lower end of buddering, and tighten plastics cloth gets final product.
The advantage of technical scheme of the present invention is:
(1) because the apocarya seed has the deep dormancy habit, just live like not vernalization, can cause the seed sprouting rate variance and germinate irregularly, therefore adopt the long-pending vernalization of husky bed then can improve germination rate and germination regularity.
(2) the bud seedling is cut root and help the mitogenetic and growth of nursery stock one-level lateral root, form the high-quality root ball, promote the growth of nursery stock leading thread, help cultivating sturdy stock.
(3) temp. and humidity round the clock of grafting environment has been carried out multinomial comparative test; Obtain only temp. and humidity parameter, and in the grafting process, temp. and humidity has round the clock been carried out strict control, solved the problem of the stability of temp. and humidity between stock and scion grafting time; Avoid causing tangent plane not tight because of expanding with heat and contract with cold of causing of variations in temperature; Simultaneously, suitable temperature and humidity condition promotes the grafting of this anvil of cambium healing acceleration, improves graft survival rate conscientiously; Promote the raising of seedling quality, graft survival rate is remained on more than 85%.
(4) potted plant cutting orchard is conveniently moved, and scion is shortened and got the bud grafting time with adopting with connecing, and improves graft survival rate; Adopt the fringe trees and take out of the greenhouse, keep the trees healthy growth at non-grafting time.
(5) adopt potted plant cutting orchard and container nursery, can between grafting time, move to the greenhouse in front and back, improve the utilization ratio in greenhouse; If place greenhouse graft seedling growth throughout the year for a long time, realize factorial seedling growth, improve breeding efficiency.
(6) cultivation of cutting orchard trees and stock seedling is all adopted nutrient matrix to grow seedlings and can be produced high-quality scion and stock, promotion grafting seedling quality; Cultivate high-quality grafting container seedling, help improving survival rate.
(7) influence that grafting can avoid high light or rainy for days that the grafting callus is formed in the greenhouse.
Embodiment
Adopt following embodiment that the present invention is further specified at present, be not restricted to following examples but invent related scope.
Embodiment 1
A kind of grafting method of apocarya, concrete steps comprise:
1. build potted plant cutting orchard
With improved seeds or good elite stand fringe bar is material, and the breeding high quality seedling is built potted plant cutting orchard.
Because apocarya is the deep-rootedness seeds, container for plant growth with cylindric or rectangular-shaped all can, container bottom footpath 40cm, container depth 60cm select polyethylene control root fast seedling growing container.Seedling medium is organic nutrition soil.Potted plant cutting orchard operation can be with reference to general cutting orchard management method.
2. stock is cultivated
Carry out the long-pending vernalization of husky bed with elite seed, cultivate high-quality bud seedling, transplant container after cutting root, cultivate the high-quality stock.
The moisture absorption of apocarya seed is returned dry treatment 2 times, each seed suction 24 hours, dries 24 hours; After long-pending 60 days, husky bed Artificial Control is warming up to 25 ℃ to seed at 5 ℃ of low temperature sand beds; Seed germination grows up to 10cm and sprouts behind the seedling, and transplant to container excision radicle bottom 1/3; Container for plant growth is with footpath, end 6cm, bore 10cm, height 8cm; Seedling medium is selected organic raising seedling matrix for use.
3. propagation by grafiting in the automation temperature and humidity control greenhouse
Carry out the key link that the apocarya grafting is grafting in the automation temperature and humidity control greenhouse; Mainly just be to control rational temperature and humidity; Temperature is stable round the clock to be avoided producing temperature difference and causes that scion and stock otch expand with heat and contract with cold, and the moisture abundance avoids the dehydration of scion sprout to cause grafting to be failed.In March, the potted plant cutting orchard trees and the container seedling of growing directly from seeds are moved in the greenhouse and cultivate normal management.In late April, adopt the subsides budding method to carry out hickory grafting.
Scion is with adopting with connecing, and the greenhouse temperature strictness is set in 22 ℃ during grafting, avoids producing day and night temperature; The chamber humidity strictness is 85%, and stock container soil humidity is controlled at 15%; Said temperature and damp condition also carry out strictness control in three weeks after grafting the last week to grafting.
Grafting bud sheet is selected the sprout at branch middle part, and this is that for good basis is established in the formation of callus, graft survival rate is high because the growth of middle part sprout is enriched, and nutrition condition is good, and is full, and metabolism is vigorous.The graft stock rugosity is selected the 1.0cm nursery stock, and scion bevel length is at 2.0cm.
During grafting annual rootstock seedling cut and stay 15 centimetres.When cutting the bud sheet, left hand is held scion, and right hand-held knife is in 1.0 centimeters to the bud of splaying downwards of 1.0 centimeters above the bud, and the bud sheet will be with a part of xylem, and the thickness of buddering is 2 millimeter, and the bud sheet is taken off in the horizontal partial application of 1.0 centimeters below bud then.It is basic identical that stock is cut method, splays downwards about 2.0 centimetres in 2 centimeters below the stock clip, and its skin bit is taken off in horizontal then partial application, and will budder rapidly immediately is attached on the tangent plane, aligns with the stock otch in the lower end of buddering, and tighten plastics cloth gets final product.
Embodiment 2
A kind of grafting method of apocarya, concrete steps comprise:
1. build potted plant cutting orchard
With improved seeds or good elite stand fringe bar is material, and the breeding high quality seedling is built potted plant cutting orchard.
Because apocarya is the deep-rootedness seeds, container for plant growth with cylindric or rectangular-shaped all can, container bottom footpath 60cm, container depth 80cm select anticorrosion Wooden container.Seedling medium is organic nutrition soil.Potted plant cutting orchard operation can be with reference to general cutting orchard.
2. stock is cultivated
Carry out the long-pending vernalization of husky bed with elite seed, cultivate high-quality bud seedling, transplant container after cutting root, cultivate the high-quality stock.
The moisture absorption of apocarya seed is returned dry treatment 2 times, each seed suction 24 hours, dries 24 hours; After long-pending 60 days, husky bed Artificial Control is warming up to 25 ℃ to seed at 5 ℃ of low temperature sand beds; Seed germination grows up to 10cm and sprouts behind the seedling, and transplant to container excision radicle bottom 1/2; Footpath 10cm, bore 15cm, height 15cm at the bottom of the container for plant growth; Seedling medium is selected organic raising seedling matrix for use.
3. propagation by grafiting in the automation temperature and humidity control greenhouse
Carry out the key link that the apocarya grafting is grafting in the automation temperature and humidity control greenhouse; Mainly just be to control rational temperature and humidity; Temperature is stable round the clock to be avoided producing temperature difference and causes that scion and stock otch expand with heat and contract with cold, and the moisture abundance avoids the dehydration of scion sprout to cause grafting to be failed.In March, the potted plant cutting orchard trees and the container seedling of growing directly from seeds are moved in the greenhouse and cultivate normal management.In the first tenday period of a month in May, " subsides bud grafting " method of employing is carried out hickory grafting.
Scion is with adopting with connecing, and greenhouse temperature is strict controlled in 26 ℃ during grafting, avoids producing day and night temperature; Chamber humidity is strict controlled in 90%, and stock container soil humidity is controlled at 18%; Said temperature and damp condition strict control in three weeks after grafting the last week to grafting.
Grafting bud sheet is selected the sprout at branch middle part, and this is that for good basis is established in the formation of callus, graft survival rate is high because the growth of middle part sprout is enriched, and nutrition condition is good, and is full, and metabolism is vigorous.The graft stock rugosity is selected the 1.2cm nursery stock, and scion bevel length is at 2.5cm.
During grafting annual rootstock seedling cut and stay 20 centimetres.When cutting the bud sheet, left hand is held scion, and right hand-held knife is in 1.5 centimeters to the bud of splaying downwards of 1.5 centimeters above the bud, and the bud sheet will be with a part of xylem, and the thickness of buddering is 2 millimeter, and the bud sheet is taken off in the horizontal partial application of 1.5 centimeters below bud then.It is basic identical that stock is cut method, and 3 centimeters are splayed 2.5 centimetres downwards below the stock clip, and its skin bit is taken off in horizontal then partial application, and will budder rapidly immediately is attached on the tangent plane, aligns with the stock otch in the lower end of buddering, and tighten plastics cloth gets final product.
Claims (1)
1. the temperature and humidity control propagation by grafiting method of an apocarya is characterized in that, adopts following steps:
(1) build potted plant cutting orchard: with the fringe bar of improved seeds or the fringe bar of good elite stand is that material is built potted plant cutting orchard; Container for plant growth adopts cylindric or rectangular-shaped, container bottom footpath 40-60cm, container depth 60-80cm; Seedling medium is organic nutrition soil.
(2) stock is cultivated: carry out the long-pending vernalization of husky bed with elite seed, cultivate high-quality bud seedling, transplant container after cutting root, cultivate the high-quality stock;
The mode of the long-pending vernalization of said husky bed is: before the lamination seed moisture absorption is returned dry treatment 2 times, each seed suction 24 hours, dried 24 hours; After long-pending 60 days, husky bed Artificial Control is warming up to 25 ℃ to seed at 5 ℃ of low temperature sand beds;
Said mode of cutting root is: after seed germination grew up to the long bud seedling of 10cm, excision radicle bottom 1/3-1/2 transplanted to container.Containers size is footpath, end 6-10cm, bore 10-15cm, height 8-15cm.
(3) grafting: in automation temperature and humidity control greenhouse, carry out the apocarya grafting; Move to the apocarya trees of potted plant cutting orchard and the stock container seedling of growing directly from seeds in the greenhouse and cultivate Routine Management March; Between the first tenday period of a month in late April to May; Adopt the subsides budding method to carry out grafting, scion is with adopting with connecing, and the temperature in greenhouse is strict controlled in the 22-26 ℃ of scope during grafting; The humidity in greenhouse is strict controlled in (85 ± 5) %, and stock container soil humidity is controlled at 15%-18%;
Grafting bud sheet is selected the sprout at branch middle part, and the graft stock rugosity is selected 1.0-1.2cm, and scion bevel length is at 2.0-2.5cm;
During grafting stock is cut in suitable annual grafting part; When cutting the bud sheet, in the 1.0-1.5 centimeters to the bud of splaying downwards of 1.0-1.5 centimeters above the bud, the bud sheet will be with a part of xylem, and the thickness of buddering is 2 millimeter, and the bud sheet is taken off in the horizontal partial application of 1.0-1.5 centimeters below bud then; It is basic identical that stock is cut method, and the 2-3 centimeters is splayed 2.0-2.5 centimetre downwards below the stock clip, and its skin bit is taken off in horizontal then partial application, and will budder rapidly immediately is attached on the tangent plane, aligns with the stock otch in the lower end of buddering, and tighten plastics cloth gets final product.
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| CN103039254A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Seedling growing method of apocarya |
| CN103039277A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Bark grafting method of apocarya |
| CN103053347A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-04-24 | 北京林业大学 | Winter greenhouse grafting method for English hawthorn 'Scarlet' planted in Beijing area |
| CN103181284A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-07-03 | 浙江农林大学 | Hardwood cutting method for Carya illinoensis |
| CN103609294A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-03-05 | 江苏美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Japanese holly seedling breeding method |
| CN103988697A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-20 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Method for propagating apocarya seedlings |
| CN104025911A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-09-10 | 湖北圭萃园农林股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating walnut seedling with container in greenhouse |
| CN104082041A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-10-08 | 句容谷歌庄园现代农业科技发展有限公司 | Grafting method for carya illinoinensis |
| CN104145793A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-11-19 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Root-cutting seedling method of zenia insignis |
| CN105684819A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-22 | 凉山州新福源农林科技有限公司 | New walnut seedling growing method |
| CN105850524A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-08-17 | 安徽乙地生态科技有限公司 | Turning bud-grafting grafting method of Vitis vinifera |
| CN105918054A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-09-07 | 杭州长林园艺有限公司 | Container culture method for root-rich seedlings of pecan |
| CN108934513A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-07 | 安徽省林业科学研究院 | A kind of budding method of spring apocarya |
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| CN103039277A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Bark grafting method of apocarya |
| CN103039254A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-04-17 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Seedling growing method of apocarya |
| CN103181284A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-07-03 | 浙江农林大学 | Hardwood cutting method for Carya illinoensis |
| CN103053347A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-04-24 | 北京林业大学 | Winter greenhouse grafting method for English hawthorn 'Scarlet' planted in Beijing area |
| CN103609294A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-03-05 | 江苏美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Japanese holly seedling breeding method |
| CN103609294B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-11-25 | 江苏美尚生态景观股份有限公司 | Tortoise plastron Chinese ilex container seedling culture method |
| CN104025911A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-09-10 | 湖北圭萃园农林股份有限公司 | Method for cultivating walnut seedling with container in greenhouse |
| CN103988697B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-01-06 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | A kind of method of apocarya seedling breeding |
| CN103988697A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-20 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Method for propagating apocarya seedlings |
| CN104082041A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-10-08 | 句容谷歌庄园现代农业科技发展有限公司 | Grafting method for carya illinoinensis |
| CN104145793A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-11-19 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Root-cutting seedling method of zenia insignis |
| CN104145793B (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-17 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | The root-cut breeding method of a kind of beans |
| CN105684819A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-22 | 凉山州新福源农林科技有限公司 | New walnut seedling growing method |
| CN105850524A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-08-17 | 安徽乙地生态科技有限公司 | Turning bud-grafting grafting method of Vitis vinifera |
| CN105918054A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-09-07 | 杭州长林园艺有限公司 | Container culture method for root-rich seedlings of pecan |
| CN108934513A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-07 | 安徽省林业科学研究院 | A kind of budding method of spring apocarya |
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