CN103026905B - Method for high square bud grafting of Juglans sigllata Dode - Google Patents
Method for high square bud grafting of Juglans sigllata Dode Download PDFInfo
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- CN103026905B CN103026905B CN201310015029.2A CN201310015029A CN103026905B CN 103026905 B CN103026905 B CN 103026905B CN 201310015029 A CN201310015029 A CN 201310015029A CN 103026905 B CN103026905 B CN 103026905B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for the high square bud grafting of Juglans sigllata Dode. The method comprises the following steps: selection of the appropriate grafting period, collection and storage of scions as well as the grafting, and management after grafting. According to the invention, a summer high square bud grafting method is adopted to reduce the erosion to a grafting bud caused by the bleeding sap of the Juglans sigllata Dode, so that the high grafting optimization for Juglans sigllata Dode low yielding trees is successfully realized, the grafting survival rate reaches 78 to 92 percent, in addition, wounds can be healed up quickly, the operation is simple, and the grafting efficiency is high and a tree crown can recover quickly, so that the breed improvement problem of Juglans sigllata Dode in Guizhou mountainous area is solved. The method for the high square bud grafting of the Juglans sigllata Dode is simple and low in cost, and has a good using effect and a broad prospect for industrialization application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural sciences, belong to iron walnut vegetative propagation grafting method, especially a kind of method that is suitable for the high-order square bud grafting of Guizhou mountainous area iron walnut.
Background technology
Iron walnut (
juglans sigillatadode.) being the Juglans plants endemic species that originate in Southwestern China area, having the advantages such as wet-heat resisting, strong stress resistance, quality better, is the Parents of Juglans plants crossbreeding, is also the extensively indigenous species of cultivation of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.Guizhou mountainous area iron walnut tradition is planted adopts the cultivations of growing directly from seeds more, and characters of progenies separates large, and many plant yield poorly, nut quality is poor, need to utilize improved seeds to carry out high position grafting transformation.But iron walnut bleeding especially severe, the Guizhou mountainous area Low Temperature in Spring time is long in addition, temp. and humidity is not mated etc., and problem is unfavorable for the grafting of iron walnut hard branch, causes iron walnut low yielding tree to be transformed into motility rate low.Therefore, find and be a kind ofly suitable for Guizhou mountainous area iron walnut low yielding tree high position grafting to change excellent method extremely urgent.But also do not have suitable Guizhou mountainous area iron walnut high position grafting to change excellent scientific method at present.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of iron walnut high-order square budding method, it solves the low problem of Guizhou mountainous area iron walnut grafting survival rate, convenient and swift, graft survival rate is high, that iron walnut tree crown after grafting recovers is fast, result early, can meet the iron walnut low yield height of tree and connect and change excellent needs.
Technical scheme of the present invention: comprise the following steps,
The selection of step 1, grafting period: grafting optimum period is the sunny weather of late May to mid-August;
The collection of step 2, scion and storage: the young sprout that the length of choosing semi-lignified exceedes 50cm is scion; After adopting, cut off immediately blade, stay the long petiole of 3cm-4cm, wrap up with wet towel;
Step 3, grafting:
(1) at the smooth department at selected grafting young sprout middle part, with the horizontal partial application of double-blade grafting knife, length is no more than 1/2 of stock rugosity, and the degree of depth is carved into xylem, then on otch the right, indulges partial application with point of a knife;
(2) choose scion middle part mature and plump and little the buddering of bud seat, the petiole in scion is cut and stayed about 1.0cm, centered by the full bud in scion, use double-blade grafting knife crosscut, length is consistent with stock interface length, then uses point of a knife in the each vertical partial application of otch the right and left, takes off pane and budders;
(3) choose out stock interface, by buddering, be attached in the rectangle interface of stock rapidly, budder and interface upside, right-justification, cut stock left side lagging with the spacing 0.2cm-0.3cm that budders, and the below excision 0.3cm-0.5cm that will budder, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally downside, left side, finally with the strong plastic foil bar of toughness, from the bottom of buddering, carries out colligation from bottom to top, consolidation, sealing, stuffy are wanted in colligation, budder and are exposed; After grafting, more than interface, stay two buds to cut anvil, on interface, the axillalry bud of each bud position is erased; Below buddering, all compound leaves and axillalry bud are all wiped out, and only retain 2cm petiole;
Step 4, managing after grafting: the rudiment after grafting on the old branch at every 7 days removing grafting young sprout places once, about 20 days, is touched the petiole of buddering and come off immediately after grafting, during the healing of interface surrounding, is and survives, and solution is tied up in time; While buddering the long 10cm of young sprout, on the top of buddering, stay 3cm should cut for the second time anvil, inspire the growth of buddering; Budder and want colligation pillar Anti-blow-open to roll over while growing to 30cm; Grafting does not survive, and before mid-August, mend and connect; Mid-September, to not dormant young sprout, want pinching to impel branch to enrich.
What high position grafting was transformed is low yield iron walnut, and scion is iron walnut improved seeds.
Best grafting time is at the sunny weather of early June to early July.
Grafting part is selected: the young sprout of the abundant lignified diameter of selection in a high position more than 1cm; For the raw tree of 1-2, apart from the every strain in 60cm-80cm place, ground, only connect 1 bud; During to the grafting of the raw tree of 3-4, do at Ke center and 3 major branches of base portion respectively connect 1 bud; During to the grafting of the raw tree of 5-8, should be on the 1st, 2,3 layers of major branch choosing and side shoot elongated shoot 1 bud of each grafting.
Interface left side shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally district to downward-extension 4cm-6cm, and as dewatering outlet, during colligation, slightly expose dewatering outlet, and under interface, 5cm-8cm place carries out helical form and discharges water on young sprout with double-blade grafting knife, on old that gives birth to, also to carry out helical form and discharge water at young sprout.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, compared with existing graft technology, the present invention adopts iron walnut high-order square budding method in summer, Guizhou mountainous area iron walnut low yielding tree is carried out to high position grafting to be changed excellent, avoided bleeding impact, wound healing is fast, and graft survival rate is high, can reach 78%-92%; Within 2 years, can recover tree crown, result early; Easy and simple to handle, do not need many people to coordinate, grafting work efficiency is high, and experienced operator can grafting 140-200 strain/sky; Suitable grafting time is long; Be convenient to benefit and connect, grafting is with low cost; Grafting part amount of growth is large, and the tip is taken out in summer grafting then can reach 1.2cm-2m.Have the advantages that the good characteristic of iron walnut improved seeds can stable delivery.The present invention has successfully solved Guizhou mountainous area iron walnut low yielding tree breed improvement problem, has the value that large-scale promotion is utilized.
Because invention has adopted young sprout high position grafting in summer, old branch helical form discharges water, young sprout helical form discharges water and budders, and lower dewatering outlet discharges water, effectively reduced the gathering of interface bleeding sap, promoted the formation of interface callus, the survival rate that has improved iron walnut high position grafting, greatly facilitates grafting operation and final-period management.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the method for the high-order square bud grafting of a kind of iron walnut, comprises the following steps:
The selection of step 1, grafting period: grafting time be on June 6th, 2011 to June 12, fine;
The collection of step 2, scion and storage: " No. 7, Guizhou Province core " young sprout that the length of choosing semi-lignified exceedes 50cm is scion.After adopting, cut off immediately blade, stay the long petiole of 3cm-4cm, wet towel parcel, now adopts existing use;
Step 3, grafting: comprise following operation:
(1) grafting part is selected: the iron walnut low yielding tree of transformation is life in 2 years, selects the young sprout grafting of abundant lignified diameter more than 1cm, the grafting part 80cm that is above the ground level, bud of every tree grafting;
(2) grafting: first at the smooth position at grafting young sprout middle part, the horizontal partial application of double-blade grafting knife that is 3.5cm with width, length is no more than 1/2 of stock rugosity, and the degree of depth has just been carved into xylem, then on otch the right, indulges partial application with point of a knife, forms " partly opening the door ".Choose scion middle part mature and plump and little the buddering of bud seat, petiole in scion is cut and stayed about 1.0cm, centered by full bud in scion, use double-blade grafting knife crosscut, length is consistent with stock interface length, use point of a knife in the each vertical partial application of otch the right and left again, take off pane and budder, the growing point that requires to budder necessarily takes off; Then choose out stock interface, by buddering, be attached in the rectangle interface of stock rapidly, budder and interface upside, right-justification, cut stock left side lagging with the spacing 0.3cm that budders, and below excision 0.4cm will budder, downside, left side are showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and left side shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally district to downward-extension 5.0cm, as " dewatering outlet "; Finally with the strong plastic foil bar of the toughness of wide 4.0 cm, long 45cm, from the bottom of buddering, carry out colligation from bottom to top, slightly expose " dewatering outlet ", and colligation consolidation, sealing, stuffy, budder and be exposed.Under interface, 5cm-8cm place carries out helical form and discharges water on young sprout with double-blade grafting knife, at young sprout, and on raw old branch, also carries out helical form and discharge water.After grafting, more than grafting mouth, stay two buds to cut anvil, on interface, the axillalry bud of each bud position is erased.Below buddering, all compound leaves and axillalry bud are all wiped out, and only retain 2cm petiole.
Step 4, managing after grafting: the rudiment after grafting on the old branch at every 7 days removing grafting young sprout places 1 time, the timely solution surviving buddering for 20 days after grafting is tied up, and the petiole of buddering that touches of grafting survival comes off immediately, the healing of interface surrounding.While buddering the long 10cm of young sprout, on the top of buddering, stay 3cm left and right to carry out the 2nd time and cut anvil, inspire the growth of buddering.The colligation pillar Anti-blow-open while growing to 30cm of buddering is rolled over.September 11, to not dormant Tipping, impel branch to enrich.Finally add up in November, 2011, and " No. 7, Guizhou Province core " summer, high-order square bud take reached 92.0%.
Embodiment 2: the method for the high-order square bud grafting of a kind of iron walnut, comprises the following steps:
The selection of step 1, grafting period: grafting time be on June 8th, 2011 to June 13, fine;
The collection of step 2, scion and storage: " No. 6, Guizhou Province core " young sprout that the length of choosing semi-lignified exceedes 50cm is scion.After adopting, cut off immediately blade, stay the long petiole of 3cm-4cm, wrap up scion with wet towel, now adopt existing use;
Step 3, grafting: comprise following operation:
(1) grafting part is selected: the iron walnut low yielding tree of transformation is life in 3 years, on dry and 3 major branches of base portion in Mei Keshu center, selects the young sprout each grafting of abundant lignified diameter more than 1cm to connect 1 bud, and grafting part is all apart from more than ground 80cm;
(2) grafting: the first smooth department in the middle part of grafting young sprout, the horizontal partial application of double-blade grafting knife that is 3.5cm with width, length is no more than 1/2 of stock rugosity, and the degree of depth has just been carved into xylem, then on otch the right, indulges partial application with point of a knife, forms " partly opening the door ".Choose scion middle part mature and plump and little the buddering of bud seat, petiole in scion is cut and stayed about 1.0cm, centered by full bud in scion, use double-blade grafting knife crosscut, length is consistent with stock interface length, use point of a knife in the each vertical partial application of otch the right and left again, take off pane and budder, the growing point that requires to budder necessarily takes off; Then choose out stock interface, by buddering, be attached in the rectangle interface of stock rapidly, budder and interface upside, right-justification, cut stock left side lagging with the spacing 0.3cm that budders, and below excision 0.4cm will budder, downside, left side are showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and left side shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally district to downward-extension 5.0cm, as " dewatering outlet "; Finally with the strong plastic foil bar of the toughness of wide 4.0 cm, long 45cm, from the bottom of buddering, carry out colligation from bottom to top, slightly expose " dewatering outlet ", and colligation consolidation, sealing, stuffy, budder and be exposed.Under interface, 5-8cm place carries out helical form and discharges water on young sprout with double-blade grafting knife, at young sprout, and on raw old branch, also carries out helical form and discharge water.After grafting, more than grafting mouth, stay two buds to cut anvil, on interface, the axillalry bud of each bud position is erased.Below buddering, all compound leaves and axillalry bud are all wiped out, and only retain 2cm petiole.
Step 4, managing after grafting: the rudiment after grafting on the old branch at every 7 days removing grafting young sprout places 1 time, the timely solution surviving buddering for 20 days after grafting is tied up, and the petiole of buddering that touches of grafting survival comes off immediately, the healing of interface surrounding.While buddering the long 10cm of young sprout, on the top of buddering, stay 3cm left and right to carry out the 2nd time and cut anvil, inspire the growth of buddering.The colligation pillar Anti-blow-open while growing to 30cm of buddering is rolled over.September 11, to not dormant Tipping, impel branch to enrich.Finally add up in November, 2011, and " No. 6, Guizhou Province core " summer, high-order square bud take reached 78.2%.
' No. 7, Guizhou Province core ' and ' No. 6, Guizhou Province core ' is all the good indigenous specieies of iron walnut of being reflected and selecting from Guizhou mountainous area by the seed selection of growing directly from seeds, and obtains respectively ' 08 Olympic Games and recommends fruit ' and ' China's ten large famous-brand and high-quality walnuts ', shell is thin, and kernel percent is high; Kernel look shallow, fragrant and oiliness slightly micro-sweet, fat, rich in protein, raciness; Wet-heat resisting, strong adaptability.
Claims (5)
1. a method for the high-order square bud grafting of iron walnut, is characterized in that: comprises the following steps,
The selection of step 1, grafting period: grafting optimum period is the sunny weather of late May to mid-August;
The collection of step 2, scion and storage: the young sprout that the length of choosing semi-lignified exceedes 50cm is scion; After adopting, cut off immediately blade, stay the long petiole of 3cm-4cm, wrap up with wet towel;
Step 3, grafting:
(1) at the smooth department at selected grafting young sprout middle part, with the horizontal partial application of double-blade grafting knife, length is no more than 1/2 of stock rugosity, and the degree of depth is carved into xylem, then on otch the right, indulges partial application with point of a knife;
(2) choose scion middle part mature and plump and little the buddering of bud seat, the petiole in scion is cut and stayed about 1.0cm, centered by the full bud in scion, use double-blade grafting knife crosscut, length is consistent with stock interface length, then uses point of a knife in the each vertical partial application of otch the right and left, takes off pane and budders;
(3) choose out stock interface, by buddering, be attached in the rectangle interface of stock rapidly, budder and interface upside, right-justification, cut stock left side lagging with the spacing 0.2cm-0.3cm that budders, and the below excision 0.3cm-0.5cm that will budder, shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally downside, left side, finally with the strong plastic foil bar of toughness, from the bottom of buddering, carries out colligation from bottom to top, consolidation, sealing, stuffy are wanted in colligation, budder and are exposed; After grafting, more than interface, stay two buds to cut anvil, on interface, the axillalry bud of each bud position is erased; Below buddering, all compound leaves and axillalry bud are all wiped out, and only retain 2cm petiole;
Step 4, managing after grafting: the rudiment after grafting on the old branch at every 7 days removing grafting young sprout places once, about 20 days, is touched the petiole of buddering and come off immediately after grafting, during the healing of interface surrounding, is and survives, and solution is tied up in time; While buddering the long 10cm of young sprout, on the top of buddering, stay 3cm should cut for the second time anvil, inspire the growth of buddering; Budder and want colligation pillar Anti-blow-open to roll over while growing to 30cm; Grafting does not survive, and before mid-August, mend and connect; Mid-September, to not dormant young sprout, want pinching to impel branch to enrich.
2. the method for the high-order square bud grafting of a kind of iron walnut according to claim 1, is characterized in that: what high position grafting was transformed is low yield iron walnut, and scion is iron walnut improved seeds.
3. the method for the high-order square bud grafting of a kind of iron walnut according to claim 1, is characterized in that: best grafting time is at the sunny weather of early June to early July.
4. the method for the high-order square bud grafting of a kind of iron walnut according to claim 1, is characterized in that: grafting part is selected: the young sprout of the abundant lignified diameter of selection in a high position more than 1cm; For the raw tree of 1-2, apart from the every strain in 60cm-80cm place, ground, only connect 1 bud; During to the grafting of the raw tree of 3-4, do at Ke center and 3 major branches of base portion respectively connect 1 bud; During to the grafting of the raw tree of 5-8, should be on the 1st, 2,3 layers of major branch choosing and side shoot elongated shoot 1 bud of each grafting.
5. the method for the high-order square bud grafting of a kind of iron walnut according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: interface left side shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally district to downward-extension 4cm-6cm, as dewatering outlet, during colligation, slightly expose dewatering outlet, under interface, 5cm-8cm place carries out helical form and discharges water on young sprout with double-blade grafting knife, at young sprout, and on raw old branch, also carries out helical form and discharge water.
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| CN105493902A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-20 | 吕建红 | Method for high grafting and head change of walnut tree |
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