CN104126419B - Ginkgo ancient tree choiceness breeding garden method for building up - Google Patents
Ginkgo ancient tree choiceness breeding garden method for building up Download PDFInfo
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- CN104126419B CN104126419B CN201410344679.6A CN201410344679A CN104126419B CN 104126419 B CN104126419 B CN 104126419B CN 201410344679 A CN201410344679 A CN 201410344679A CN 104126419 B CN104126419 B CN 104126419B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of about ginkgo ancient tree choiceness breeding garden method for building up. The present invention adopts the method for rejuvenation scion grafting to set up ginkgo ancient tree clonal seed orchard, to produce high quality seed. The feature that the method utilizes the grafting of ginkgo branch easily to survive, clonal seed orchard is set up in collection ginkgo ancient tree fast-growing, high yield, the grafting of high-quality female plant branch, elite stand branch is first taken to grafting to 3 year raw seedling rejuvenation, get again the raw scion grafting in 1 year of returning children and eliminate position effect (Topophysis) and age effect (Cyclophysis), the problem that has solved ginkgo greening, produced by material and the improved variety of core use nursery stock, baseization. This method adopts rejuvenation ancient tree scion-whip graft technology to set up ginkgo ancient tree clonal seed orchard, simple to operate, feasible.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field that trees breeding is produced, particularly one is set up about ginkgo ancient tree choiceness breeding gardenMethod.
Background technology
Ginkgo (GinkgobilobaL.) belongs to Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgo, deciduous tree. To preserve after quaternary glacierRelict Plant, be called as " living fossil ", belong to the rare plant of national second class protection. Ginkgo ancient tree is China's " national treasure ",Be the tie of history and reality, ginkgo ancient tree resource is precious germplasm resource bank, has important economy, ecology and social valencyValue. Ginkgo Timber stands, Nursery Stock are cultivated and are mainly had following problem now: (1) does not set up Primary seed orchard, noCan provide and specialize in afforestation and the special breeding of Timber stands; (2) conventional grafting nursery stock is owing to there being oblique growth, i.e. position effect,Be unfavorable for ginkgo dryness and tree-like growth, foreign pine tree breeding garden experience, the greening of ginkgo trade and Timber stands, should walk " excellentTree selection, sexual utilization "; (3) low, the poor growth of the direct graft survival rate of ancient tree scion.
The feature that the method utilizes the grafting of ginkgo branch easily to survive, collection ginkgo ancient tree fast-growing, high yield, the grafting of high-quality female plant branch are builtVertical clonal seed orchard, first takes grafting to 3 year by elite stand branch and gives birth to seedling rejuvenation, then gets the raw scion grafting in 1 year of returning childrenEliminate position effect (Topophysis) and age effect (Cyclophysis), solved ginkgo greening, used nursery stock with material and coreThe problem that improved variety, baseization are produced. Yet there are no the report of setting up ginkgo ancient tree clonal seed orchard, the present invention is at thisUnder the technical background of sample, propose.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, for Primary seed orchard lacks and conventional grafting exists position effect and age effect, gather ginkgoAncient tree fast-growing, high yield, high-quality female plant branch, collection is returned children's raw scion grafting in 1 year and is set up choiceness breeding garden, is silverApricot greening, Timber stands provide breeding nursery stock. For reaching above-mentioned target, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
(1) collection of ancient tree branch
The branch optimal acquisition time is 3-4 and the 7-8 month, gathers the raw well-grown of 1-3, and sprout hypertrophy is full,Without fast-growing, high yield, the ancient ginkgo female plant of the high-quality branch of disease and pest.
(2) scion rejuvenation
Ancient tree scion 2-3 bud, long 8-12cm, rugosity 0.5-1.0cm is advisable. The scion of 7-8 month semi-lignified is cutRemove the blade that clusters, stay the long petiole in 1cm left and right. Full fringe seal with wax after whip graft at 3 of ground, garden normal growthOn year life seedling. Second Year collection in spring is returned children's raw branch grafting in 1 year and is built garden.
(3) stock field planting
Grafting shifts to an earlier date 3 years raw seedlings of field planting, density 3m × 4m for first 1 year. Dry high for cutting at 1.5m place when graftingDisconnected nursery stock top grafting.
(4) grafting time
Annual 3-4 or 7-8 are monthly can grafting.
(5) engrafting method
Adopt the method for whip graft to carry out grafting. When grafting first the level and smooth place of scion with on the same direction of first bud suitableGesture is cut single horse ear shape tangent plane of a long 1-2cm. But first section is not cut skin zone, need stay wooden 0.1-0.2cm. SoAfter again in the hypotenuse reverse vertical anti-partial application in 1/3 place from lower to upper, more than degree of depth 1cm, and be ligule. Cut anvilWhen wood, first cut off terminal bud, and then select an even surface, single horse of the long 2cm that splays from lower to upper in stock outsideEar shape tangent plane, then at 1/3 place, tangent plane top the reverse vertically anti-cutter of cutting from top to bottom, dark 1cm, makes it be tongueShape. When grafting, left hand opens stock outside gently, and the right hand is held fringe tongue is taken advantage of a situation gently and inserted in slit, anvil fringe,Bone is to bone jam-packed bondage.
(6) managing after grafting
1. check survival rate
25-30 days after grafting, checks graft survival rate. All sprouts are dark green, full, fresh, leafHandle one touches to fall, and grafting survival is described. Shrinkage as sub-in fruit bud, petiole dry up as the strain of not living, and should mend and connect in time.
2. remove bondage thing
When grafting survival and after having healed firmly, carry out in time solution and tie up work. Spring grafting can be separated afterwards at 60 daysTie up; Autumn or summer grafting seedling can be tied up in solution in spring in next year. When solution is tied up, with sharp cutter from top to bottom by bondageThing cuts off, and prevents that the bud of scion is loosening.
3. bud picking and except sprout tillers
In order to ensure good moisture and the nutrient supply of bud of scion, should carry out in time bud picking and remove tiller work, rawBetween long-term, at least answer bud picking in 10 days once, 2-3 time continuously. Grafting in autumn, can be by the 15-20cm place, top of budderingSprain or take the lead, to promote sprout to germinate, being convenient to germinate next year.
4. nursery stock ties up the tip
Spring grafting, the young sprout growth of sprouting is fast, and the callus of junction is younger tender, for preventing interfacePlace's windbreak or touch disconnectedly, and overcomes the position effect of axillalry bud, impels draw-string young sprout to grow vertically upward, should be long at young sproutGo out 10cm and should found in time a rod when above and tie up and draw young sprout, will tie admittedly under a rod, top bondage young sprout is pine slightly,Be grown to suitablely not hinder, after interface healing firmly, remove a rod.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) seedling rejuvenation is given birth in first elite stand branch grafting to 3 year by the present invention, then gets the raw scion grafting in 1 year of returning children, eliminatesPosition effect and age effect.
(2) the present invention adopts rejuvenation ancient tree scion-whip graft technology to set up Primary seed orchard, for afforestation and Timber stands provide specialUse breeding.
(3) the present invention adopts the mode of scion rejuvenation, has solved that the direct grafting of ancient tree scion is difficult for surviving, poky problem.
Utilize said method to set up clonal seed orchard and eliminate grafting position effect, successful ancient ginkgo female plant. SurviveRate is up to more than 80%. for solving ginkgo greening, thering is important meaning by the problem of material and nursery stock improved variety for core, baseization productionJustice.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Application this method is carried out in Shandong Agricultural University ginkgo base, Tai’an, Shandong Province, and the ginkgo ancient tree scion gathering is transferredConnect, set up 100 strain ginkgo ancient tree clonal seed orchards. The implementation step that ginkgo ancient tree clonal seed orchard is set up is as follows:
(1) collection of ancient tree branch
The branch optimal acquisition time is 3-4 and the 7-8 month, gathers the raw well-grown of 1-3, and sprout hypertrophy is full,Without fast-growing, high yield, the ancient ginkgo female plant of the high-quality branch of disease and pest.
(2) scion rejuvenation
Ancient tree scion 2-3 bud, long 8-12cm, rugosity 0.5-1.0cm is advisable. The scion of 7-8 month semi-lignified is cutRemove the blade that clusters, stay the long petiole in 1cm left and right. Full fringe seal with wax after whip graft at 3 of ground, garden normal growthOn year life seedling. Second Year collection in spring is returned children's raw branch grafting in 1 year and is built garden.
(3) stock field planting
Grafting shifts to an earlier date 3 years raw seedlings of field planting, density 3 × 4m for first 1 year. Dry high for cutting off at 1.5m place when graftingThe grafting of nursery stock top.
(4) grafting timeAnnual 3-4 or 7-8 are monthly can grafting.
(5) engrafting method
Adopt the method for whip graft to carry out grafting. When grafting first the level and smooth place of scion with on the same direction of first bud suitableGesture is cut single horse ear shape tangent plane of a long 1-2cm. But line segment is not cut skin zone, need stay wooden 0.1-0.2cm. SoAfter again in the hypotenuse reverse vertical anti-partial application in 1/3 place from lower to upper, more than degree of depth 1cm, and be ligule. Cut anvilWhen wood, first cut off terminal bud, and then select an even surface, single horse of the long 2cm that splays from lower to upper in stock outsideEar shape tangent plane, then at 1/3 place, tangent plane top the reverse vertically anti-cutter of cutting from top to bottom, dark 1cm, makes it be tongueShape. When grafting, left hand opens stock outside gently, and the right hand is held fringe tongue is taken advantage of a situation gently and inserted in slit, anvil fringeBone is to bone jam-packed bondage.
(6) managing after grafting
1. check survival rate
25-30 days after grafting, checks graft survival rate. All sprouts are dark green, full, fresh, leafHandle one touches to fall, and grafting survival is described. Shrinkage as sub-in fruit bud, petiole dry up as the strain of not living, and should mend and connect in time.
2. remove bondage thing
When grafting survival and after having healed firmly, carry out in time solution and tie up work. Spring grafting can be separated afterwards at 60 daysTie up; Autumn or summer grafting seedling can be tied up in solution in spring in next year. When solution is tied up, with sharp cutter from top to bottom by bondageThing cuts off, and prevents that scion (bud) is loosening.
3. bud picking and except sprout tillers
For the moisture and the nutrient supply that ensure that scion (bud) is good, should carry out in time bud picking and remove tiller work,Growing period is at least answered bud picking in 10 days once, 2-3 time continuously. Grafting in autumn, can be by the top 15-20cm that buddersPlace sprains or takes the lead, and to promote sprout to germinate, is convenient to germinate next year.
4. cut anvil
After spring budding, should cut anvil, to promote healing and growth at once; Summer, grafting in autumn can be in spring pruning in next yearAnvil. While cutting anvil, should cut off from bud top 1.0cm equating otch.
5. nursery stock ties up the tip
Spring grafting, the young sprout growth of sprouting is fast, and the callus of junction is younger tender, for preventing interface windbreakOr touch disconnectedly, and and overcome the position effect of axillalry bud, impel draw-string young sprout to grow vertically upward, should grow 10cm when above at young sproutShould found in time rod and tie up and draw young sprout, will tie admittedly under a rod, top bondage young sprout is pine slightly, with do not hinder be grown to suitable, waitingAfter mouth healing firmly, remove and prop up a rod.
The present invention is not limited to above embodiment, as long as applied the method for building up of above-mentioned clonal seed orchard, what no matter is takedPlant engrafting method and managing after grafting method, all will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the method that ginkgo ancient tree choiceness breeding garden is set up, is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) collection of ancient tree branch
Branch acquisition time is 3-4 and the 7-8 month, gather 1-3 life, well-grown, sprout hypertrophy full, without the speed of disease and pestLife, high yield, the ancient ginkgo female plant of high-quality branch;
(2) scion rejuvenation
Ancient tree scion 2-3 bud, long 8-12cm, rugosity 0.5-1.0cm; The scion of 7-8 month semi-lignified cuts off the blade that clusters, and staysThe long petiole in 1cm left and right; Full fringe seal with wax after whip graft on 3 years raw seedlings of ground, garden normal growth; Second Year springCollection is returned children's raw branch grafting in 1 year and is built garden;
(3) stock field planting
Grafting shifts to an earlier date 3 years raw seedlings of field planting, density 3m × 4m for first 1 year; Dry high for cutting off nursery stock top in 1.5m place when graftingGrafting;
(4) grafting time
Annual 3-4 or 7-8 are monthly can grafting;
(5) engrafting method
Adopt the method for whip graft to carry out grafting; When grafting first the level and smooth place of scion with on the same direction of first bud take advantage of a situation cut one longSingle horse ear shape tangent plane of 1-2cm; But tip is not cut skin zone, need stay wooden 0.1-0.2cm; And then at hypotenuse from lower to upperThe reverse vertical anti-partial application in 1/3 place, more than degree of depth 1cm, and is ligule; While cutting stock, first cut off terminal bud, and then at stockAn even surface is selected in outside, single horse ear shape tangent plane of the long 2cm that splays from lower to upper, more contrary from top to bottom at 1/3 place, tangent plane topTo the vertical anti-cutter of cutting, dark 1cm, makes it be ligule; When grafting, left hand opens stock outside gently, and the right hand is held fringe, and tongue is lightGently take advantage of a situation and insert in slit, anvil, fringe bone are to bone jam-packed bondage;
(6) managing after grafting
1. check survival rate
25-30 days after grafting, checks graft survival rate; All sprouts are dark green, full, fresh, and petiole one touches to fall,Grafting survival is described; Shrinkage as sub-in fruit bud, petiole dry up as the strain of not living, and mend and connect in time;
2. remove bondage thing
When grafting survival and after having healed firmly, carry out in time solution and tie up work; Spring grafting solution after 60 days is tied up; Autumn or summerSeason grafting in spring in next year solution tie up; When solution is tied up, from top to bottom bondage thing is cut off with sharp cutter, prevent that the bud of scion is loosening;
3. bud picking and except sprout tillers
In order to ensure good moisture and the nutrient supply of bud of scion, carry out in time bud picking and remove tiller work, growing period at least 10It bud picking once, 2-3 time continuously; Grafting in autumn, the 15-20cm place, top of buddering sprains or takes the lead, to promote sprout to germinate,Be convenient to germinate next year;
4. nursery stock ties up the tip
Spring grafting, the young sprout growth of sprouting is fast, and the callus of junction is younger tender, for preventing interface windbreak or touchingDisconnected, and overcome the position effect of axillalry bud, impel draw-string young sprout to grow vertically upward, grow 10cm at young sprout vertical in time when aboveRod is tied up and is drawn young sprout, will tie admittedly under a rod, and top bondage young sprout is pine slightly, is grown to suitablely not hinder, and treats interface healing jailRemove a rod Gu rear.
2. the method that a kind of ginkgo ancient tree choiceness breeding garden according to claim 1 is set up, is characterized in that, stepSuddenly (2) described scion rejuvenation method.
3. the method that a kind of ginkgo ancient tree choiceness breeding garden according to claim 1 is set up, is characterized in that, stepSuddenly (3) described stock field planting method.
4. the method that a kind of ginkgo ancient tree choiceness breeding garden according to claim 1 is set up, is characterized in that, stepSuddenly the selection of (4) described grafting time.
5. the method that a kind of ginkgo ancient tree choiceness breeding garden according to claim 1 is set up, is characterized in that, stepSuddenly (5) described engrafting method.
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| CN106258511A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2017-01-04 | 樊宝敏 | A kind of engrafting method of ancient tree rejuvenating |
| CN107047191A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-18 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of quick method for setting up Alnus formosana Plantation clonal seed orchard |
| CN108464138A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-31 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of gold leaf ginkgo plants the formative method of hedge screen |
| CN108575483A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-09-28 | 南京林业大学 | Ginkgo screen-type hedgerow formative method based on grafting with knitting skill |
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