CN104272984B - A kind of method of a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring scion grafting - Google Patents
A kind of method of a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring scion grafting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of method that the invention discloses a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring scion grafting, the step such as including the conditioning of stock tree management and tree vigo(u)r recovery, the collection of scion and storage, the selection of grafting period, the selection of stock and process, grafting, managing after grafting.The present invention uses high position grafting technology in spring successfully to realize J．sigllata Dode low yielding tree branching grafting, makes grafting individual plant survival rate more than 97%, and bud survival rate is up to 77% 89%, and wound healing is fast, easy and simple to handle, grafting work efficiency is high, solves Guizhou mountainous area J．sigllata Dode low yielding tree breed improvement problem；The inventive method is simple, and with low cost, using effect is good, and commercial application has a extensive future.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to relate to fruit-tree grafting method in field of agricultural sciences, a kind of method being suitable for a high position in the spring scion grafting of Guizhou mountainous area J．sigllata Dode.
Background technology
J．sigllata Dode (Juglans sigillataDode.) it is the Juglans plants endemic species originating in Southwestern China area, there is the advantages such as wet-heat resisting, strong stress resistance, quality better, be the Parents of Semen Juglandis cross-breeding, be also the indigenous species extensively cultivated of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.Guizhou mountainous area J．sigllata Dode tradition is planted uses cultivation of growing directly from seeds more, and characters of progenies separates big；In current extensive Walnut Industry construction of base, seedling quality is uneven, cause many plant results evening, yield poorly, nut quality poor, need to utilize the excellent Walnut Cultivars of suitable locality to carry out height and connect transformation.
Chinese patent literature Publication No. CN103026905A, the technical data of method of entitled a kind of J．sigllata Dode high position square bud grafting are the state-of-the-art technologies of current Guizhou mountainous area J．sigllata Dode grafting, yet with this technical graft period in summer, and J．sigllata Dode improved seeds scion in summer is semi-lignified, can not transport for long-distance, cause the region not having cutting orchard to build can not transform J．sigllata Dode low yielding tree by summer budding method.Therefore, carry out scion grafting in spring in the ripe scion not having the region of excellent Semen Juglandis cutting orchard construction to gather excellent Walnut Cultivars only with J．sigllata Dode rest period, but spring, Semen Juglandis bleeding intensity was very big.
(Yunnan Province's J．sigllata Dode inserts skin whip graft technical research to the Semen Juglandis worker Xiao Liangjun etc. in Yunnan Province, " north gardening " the 2nd phase in 2012 page 47 to page 48), (the Yunnan J．sigllata Dode height head grafting complex Fructus Persicae technology such as Wen Shaojin, " modern agriculture science and technology " the 15th phase in 2012 page 76 to page 77) the early-stage Study influence factor of region, Yunnan J．sigllata Dode seedling tree scion grafting in spring, and establish J．sigllata Dode high position grafting in the spring technology in region, suitable Yunnan, the technical data of Chinese patent literature Publication No. CN1356023A also discloses that the grafting high wild walnut tree with high survival rate method under the suitable Climate Conditions in Yunnan Province worked out by SHIWEI et al..But, J．sigllata Dode seedling be deep-rootedness seeds, spring bleeding intensity very big, and Semen Juglandis main producing region, Guizhou about 400 mms more than walnut main producing region annual rainfall, spring soil moisture content is relatively big, the low temperature time is long, especially substantial amounts of bleeding sap in spring has a strong impact on the survival rate (survival rate is less than 18%) of Guizhou J．sigllata Dode stiff wood grafting in spring, shows this technology and is not suitable for the special climate condition of Guizhou mountainous area behind J．sigllata Dode high position grafting in the spring technology transfer Guizhou mountainous area in region, Yunnan application.Therefore, finding one, to be suitable for Guizhou mountainous area J．sigllata Dode low yielding tree branching grafting in spring technology extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: a kind of method that a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring scion grafting is provided, it solves the problem that Guizhou mountainous area J．sigllata Dode spring grafting survival rate is low, convenient and swift, graft survival rate is high, walnut tree crown after grafting recovers fast, result early, can meet J．sigllata Dode low yielding tree reconfiguration and change excellent needs.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of method of a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring scion grafting, comprises the following steps,
The conditioning of step (1), stock tree management and tree vigo(u)r recover: the high-grafting J．sigllata Dode tree crown framing structure that tree vigo(u)r is weak was carried out Shape correction again in 1 year in advance, the major branch of necessity of selecting and remain, heavy pruning aging and sick branch.Ploughing deeply Hetaoyuan soil, heavy nitrogen application 1 time before rudiment in spring, every strain bearing tree executes 1-1.5 kilogram of carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 kilogram, to recover tree vigo(u)r simultaneously.
Step (2), the collection of scion and storage: in J．sigllata Dode rest period (in 1 month, the last ten-days period), in clip J．sigllata Dode breeding cutting orchard, on excellent elite stand, growth is enriched, bud is full, medulla is little, be grafting fringe bar without the annual nutrition branch of pest and disease damage, it is the Cera Flava of 1:9 by mass percent: heating paraffin is to 100-110 DEG C, quickly (1-5 second) fringe bar carried out submergence seal with wax process, then store in the cellar for storing things of 2-5 DEG C of low temperature or in freezer.
Step (3), the selection of grafting period: grafting optimum period is the J．sigllata Dode stock budding period to the fair weather of leaf stretching period, rainy weather grafting unsuitable with shower weather.
Step (4), the selection of stock and process: the life in 3 years of J．sigllata Dode Root-stock selection is above, trunk stem thick 5-20 cm.Grafted branch, based on trunk branch and major branch, needs 3-4 major branch of selecting and remain, major branch angle to be 30-60 degree according to shaping, trunk saw stay position will at ground floor branch Smooth, major branch saw stay position distance trunk 40-50 cm smooth place.
Step (5), grafting: before (5.1) grafting 3-7 days, tiltedly saw 3-4 saw kerf on stock trunk according to different azimuth, and saw kerf is every about 15 cm one, and as deep as xylem, the degree of depth is 1st/1st to four/5th of trunk diameter；First 1 day of grafting needs quantity all to be sawed by branch above unwanted branch and grafted branch grafting mouth to remove, form stump otch according to grafted branch；The lower section of trunk saw kerf selects the raw branch in a side as the branch that discharges water, and is used for discharging Semen Juglandis bleeding sap, length 15 about cm, this branch not grafting；
(5.2) scion with two full buds is chosen, straight snips at 1 cm above the bud of upper end, is down whittled into long 4-6 cm at the cm of its bud back side 2, lower end and exceedes the inclined-plane of medulla, be whittled into the inclined-plane of 0.5 cm length the most again, interface base is wedge shaped, and a cutter is respectively cut as deep as phloem in both sides；
(5.3) during grafting, the most smooth for stock fracture place is whittled into inclined-plane, from top to bottom use grafting knife partial application as deep as xylem from incline base along stem direction, it is about 4-6 cm, the bark of teasing edge of a knife both sides, then long for scion bevel is close to stock xylem, enter stock along peeling off mouth straight cutting, and make scion cut mouth to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.5 cm；Place the rod that discharges water, a length of 15-20 cm, the solid straight waddy of diameter 2-3 mm in grafting port part zone line and scion vertical direction, for the bleeding sap of discharge walnut grafting mouth in time, prevent bleeding sap from soaking interface；By block covered rearing with plastic film saw kerf, scion is made to pass thin film, and tighten with plastics becket bridle stock, finally carry out colligation with the sealed polyethylene plastic that wide 3.5-4.0 cm, thickness are 0.02 mm from bottom to top from bottom of buddering, discharge water rod about half expose, consolidation, sealing, stuffy is wanted in colligation, budders and is exposed.On grafted branch, carry out helical form with grafting knife at 5-8 cm under interface to discharge water.
Step 6, managing after grafting: connecing and want running check joint whether hydrops in two weeks after, if occurring, hydrops should reproduce wound in time and discharge water；Should erase in time after grafting sprout tillers, prevent nutrient consumption；Budder young sprout length 10 cm time be and survive, should unbind in time；When scion takes out the shoot length sent out to 40 more than cm, saw, except the branch that draws water reserved on stock, is set up pillar to fix and is taken out the shoot sent out；Pinching, about 80 cm pinching again is carried out when young sprout length is to about 50 cm；Flower, fruit then to be extractd.
Owing to using above-mentioned technical scheme, compared with prior art, the present invention uses a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring grafting technology, Guizhou mountainous area J．sigllata Dode low yielding tree is carried out branching grafting, and wound healing is fast, and graft survival rate is high, individual plant survival rate is up to more than 97%, and bud survival rate is up to 77-89 %；Easy and simple to handle, it is not required to many people and coordinates, grafting work efficiency is high, and skilled worker can grafting 110-170 strain/sky；Suitable grafting time is long；Being easy to benefit connect, grafting is with low cost；Grafting increment is big, and spring grafting new-tip length then is up to 1.8-2.5 m, rugosity up to 1.7-2.3 cm, and after grafting, First Year can be born fruit.The good characteristic with J．sigllata Dode breeding can the feature of stable delivery.The present invention successfully solves Guizhou mountainous area J．sigllata Dode low yielding tree breed improvement problem, has the value that large-scale promotion utilizes.
Adjust J．sigllata Dode tree management and tree vigo(u)r recovery the previous year owing to invention have employed to carry, improve tree body healing grade and graft survival rate；Use and make wound in advance and discharge water, carry that the head that falls the previous day discharges water, the reserved branch that discharges water discharges water, grafted branch helical form discharges water and budders down and discharge water rod and discharge water, effectively reduce a large amount of gatherings of seam bleeding sap, promote interface calli induction, improve the survival rate of grafting, greatly facilitate grafting operation and final-period management.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method of a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring scion grafting, comprises the following steps,
The conditioning of step one, stock tree management and tree vigo(u)r recover: " Guizhou Province core 7 " Semen Juglandis tree crown framing structure that tree vigo(u)r is on the weak side was carried out Shape correction again in 1 year in advance, the major branch of necessity of selecting and remain, heavy pruning aging and sick branch.Ploughing deeply Hetaoyuan soil, before rudiment in spring, every strain bearing tree executes 1-1.5 kilogram of carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 kilogram, to recover tree vigo(u)r simultaneously.
Step 2, the collection of scion and storage: in " Guizhou Province core 7 " rest period (in 1 month, the last ten-days period), in clip " Guizhou Province core 7 " cutting orchard, on excellent elite stand, growth is enriched, bud is full, medulla is little, be grafting fringe bar without the annual nutrition branch of pest and disease damage, it is the Cera Flava of 1:9 by mass percent: heating paraffin is to 100-110 DEG C, quickly (1-5 second) fringe bar carried out submergence seal with wax process, then (or freezer) storage in low temperature (2-5 DEG C) cellar for storing things.
Step 3, the selection of grafting period: grafting optimum period is the J．sigllata Dode stock budding period to the fair weather of leaf stretching period, rainy weather grafting unsuitable with shower weather.
Step 4, the selection of stock and process: the life in 3 years of J．sigllata Dode Root-stock selection is above, trunk stem thick 5-20 cm.Grafted branch, based on trunk branch and major branch, needs 3-4 major branch of selecting and remain, major branch angle to be 30-60 degree according to shaping, trunk saw stay position will at ground floor branch Smooth, major branch saw stay position distance trunk 40-50 cm smooth place.
Step 5, grafting: before (1) grafting 3-7 days, tiltedly saw 3-4 saw kerf on stock trunk according to different azimuth, and saw kerf is every about 15 cm one, and as deep as xylem, the degree of depth is 1st/1st to four/5th of trunk diameter；First 1 day of grafting needs quantity all to be sawed by branch above unwanted branch and grafted branch grafting mouth to remove, form " stump " otch according to grafted branch；The lower section of trunk saw kerf selects the raw branch in a side as " discharge water branch ", length 15 about cm, this branch not grafting；
(2) " the Guizhou Province core 7 " scion with two full buds is chosen, straight snips at 1 cm above the bud of upper end, at the cm of its bud back side 2, lower end, down it is whittled into long 4-6 cm exceedes the inclined-plane of medulla, it is whittled into the inclined-plane of 0.5 cm length the most again, interface base is wedge shaped, and a cutter is respectively cut as deep as phloem in both sides；
(3) during grafting, the most smooth for stock fracture place is whittled into inclined-plane, from top to bottom use grafting knife partial application as deep as xylem from incline base along stem direction, it is about 4-6 cm, the bark of teasing edge of a knife both sides, then long for scion bevel is close to stock xylem, enter stock along peeling off mouth straight cutting, and make scion cut mouth to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.5 cm；One " discharge water rod ", a length of 15-20 cm, the solid straight waddy of diameter 2-3 mm is placed with scion vertical direction at grafting port part zone line；By block covered rearing with plastic film saw kerf, scion is made to pass thin film, and tighten with plastics becket bridle stock, finally carry out colligation with the sealed polyethylene plastic that wide 3.5-4.0 cm, thickness are 0.02 mm from bottom to top from bottom of buddering, " discharge water rod " about half exposes, consolidation, sealing, stuffy is wanted in colligation, budders and is exposed.On grafted branch, carry out helical form with grafting knife at 5-8 cm under interface to discharge water.
Step 6, managing after grafting: connecing and want running check joint whether hydrops in two weeks after, if occurring, hydrops should reproduce wound in time and discharge water；Should erase in time after grafting sprout tillers, prevent nutrient consumption；Budder young sprout length 10 cm time be and survive, should unbind in time；When scion takes out the shoot length sent out to 40 more than cm, saw, except " draw water branch " reserved on stock, is set up pillar to fix and is taken out the shoot sent out；Pinching, about 80 cm pinching again is carried out when young sprout length is to about 50 cm；Flower, fruit then to be extractd.2012-2014 finally adds up, " Guizhou Province core 7 " high position scion grafting in spring individual plant survival rate survival rate 98.3%, bud survival rate 88.7%.
Embodiment 2: a kind of method of a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring scion grafting, comprises the following steps,
The conditioning of step one, stock tree management and tree vigo(u)r recover: " Guizhou Province core 6 " Semen Juglandis tree crown framing structure that tree vigo(u)r is on the weak side was carried out Shape correction again in 1 year in advance, the major branch of necessity of selecting and remain, heavy pruning aging and sick branch.Ploughing deeply Hetaoyuan soil, before rudiment in spring, every strain bearing tree executes 1-1.5 kilogram of carbamide nitrogenous fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 kilogram, to recover tree vigo(u)r simultaneously.
Step 2, the collection of scion and storage: in " Guizhou Province core 6 " rest period (in 1 month, the last ten-days period), in clip " Guizhou Province core 6 " cutting orchard, on excellent elite stand, growth is enriched, bud is full, medulla is little, be grafting fringe bar without the annual nutrition branch of pest and disease damage, it is the Cera Flava of 1:9 by mass percent: heating paraffin is to 100-110 DEG C, quickly (1-5 second) fringe bar carried out submergence seal with wax process, then (or freezer) storage in low temperature (2-5 DEG C) cellar for storing things.
Step 3, the selection of grafting period: grafting optimum period is the J．sigllata Dode stock budding period to the fair weather of leaf stretching period, rainy weather grafting unsuitable with shower weather.
Step 4, the selection of stock and process: the life in 3 years of J．sigllata Dode Root-stock selection is above, trunk stem thick 5-20 cm.Grafted branch, based on trunk branch and major branch, needs 3-4 major branch of selecting and remain, major branch angle to be 30-60 degree according to shaping, trunk saw stay position will at ground floor branch Smooth, major branch saw stay position distance trunk 40-50 cm smooth place.
Step 5, grafting: before (1) grafting 3-7 days, tiltedly saw 3-4 saw kerf on stock trunk according to different azimuth, and saw kerf is every about 15cm one, and as deep as xylem, the degree of depth is 1st/1st to four/5th of trunk diameter；First 1 day of grafting needs quantity all to be sawed by branch above unwanted branch and grafted branch grafting mouth to remove, form " stump " otch according to grafted branch；The lower section of trunk saw kerf selects the raw branch in a side as " discharge water branch ", length 15 about cm, this branch not grafting；
(2) " the Guizhou Province core 6 " scion with two full buds is chosen, straight snips at 1 cm above the bud of upper end, at the cm of its bud back side 2, lower end, down it is whittled into long 4-6 cm exceedes the inclined-plane of medulla, it is whittled into the inclined-plane of 0.5 cm length the most again, interface base is wedge shaped, and a cutter is respectively cut as deep as phloem in both sides；
(3) during grafting, the most smooth for stock fracture place is whittled into inclined-plane, from top to bottom use grafting knife partial application as deep as xylem from incline base along stem direction, it is about 4-6 cm, the bark of teasing edge of a knife both sides, then long for scion bevel is close to stock xylem, enter stock along peeling off mouth straight cutting, and make scion cut mouth to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.5 cm；One " discharge water rod ", a length of 15-20 cm, the solid straight waddy of diameter 2-3 mm is placed with scion vertical direction at grafting port part zone line；By block covered rearing with plastic film saw kerf, scion is made to pass thin film, and tighten with plastics becket bridle stock, finally carry out colligation with the sealed polyethylene plastic that wide 3.5-4.0 cm, thickness are 0.02 mm from bottom to top from bottom of buddering, " discharge water rod " about half exposes, consolidation, sealing, stuffy is wanted in colligation, budders and is exposed.On grafted branch, carry out helical form with grafting knife at 5-8 cm under interface to discharge water.
Step 6, managing after grafting: connecing and want running check joint whether hydrops in two weeks after, if occurring, hydrops should reproduce wound in time and discharge water；Should erase in time after grafting sprout tillers, prevent nutrient consumption；Budder young sprout length 10 cm time be and survive, should unbind in time；When scion takes out the shoot length sent out to more than 40cm, saw, except " draw water branch " reserved on stock, is set up pillar to fix and is taken out the shoot sent out；Pinching, about 80 cm pinching again is carried out when young sprout length is to about 50 cm；Flower, fruit then to be extractd.2012-2014 finally adds up, " Guizhou Province core 6 " high position scion grafting in spring individual plant survival rate survival rate 97.0%, bud survival rate 77.3%.
' Guizhou Province core 7 ' and ' Guizhou Province core 6 ' is all the excellent indigenous species of J．sigllata Dode selected from Guizhou mountainous area mirror by seed selection of growing directly from seeds, within 2013, assert by high quality tree species validation board of Guizhou Province, and obtain ' 08 Olympic Games recommendation fruit respectively ' and ' China's ten big famous-brand and high-quality Semen Juglandiss ', shell is thin, and kernel percent is high, fat, rich in protein, kernel color is shallow, fragrant and oiliness slightly Hui Tian, raciness, wet-heat resisting, strong adaptability.
Certainly, being more than the concrete exemplary applications of the present invention, the present invention also has the technical scheme that other embodiment, all employing equivalents or equivalent transformation are formed, within all falling within protection domain of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a J．sigllata Dode high position in a spring scion grafting, it is characterised in that the method comprises the steps:
(1) conditioning of stock tree management and tree vigo(u)r recover: include 1 year in advance the high-grafting J．sigllata Dode tree crown framing structure that tree vigo(u)r is weak is carried out Shape correction again, select and remain major branch, heavy pruning aging and sick branch, plough deeply Hetaoyuan soil, heavy nitrogen application before rudiment in spring；
(2) collection of scion and storage；
(3) selection of grafting period；
(4) selection of stock and process: the life in 3 years of J．sigllata Dode Root-stock selection is above, trunk stem thick 5-20 cm；
Grafted branch, based on trunk branch and major branch, needs 3-4 major branch of selecting and remain, major branch angle to be 30-60 degree according to shaping, trunk saw stay position will at ground floor branch Smooth, major branch saw stay position distance trunk 40-50 cm smooth place；
(5) grafting；
(6) managing after grafting.
The method of a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring scion grafting the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the collection of described scion and be stored in Semen Juglandis rest period and carry out, including clip grafting fringe bar, it is the Cera Flava of 1:9 by mass percent: heating paraffin is to 100-110 DEG C, fringe bar carries out submergence seal with wax process, then store at a temperature of 2-5 DEG C.
The method of a J．sigllata Dode high position in spring scion grafting the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the grafting in step (5) comprises the steps:
(51) before grafting 3-7 days, oblique 3-4 saw kerf of saw on stock trunk, the degree of depth was 1st/1st to four/5th of trunk diameter；First 1 day of grafting needs quantity all to be sawed by branch above unwanted branch and grafted branch grafting mouth to remove, form stump otch according to grafted branch；The lower section of trunk saw kerf select the raw branch in a side as the branch that discharges water, this branch not grafting；
(52) scion with two full buds is chosen, straight snips at 1 cm above the bud of upper end, is down whittled into long 4-6 cm at the cm of its bud back side 2, lower end and exceedes the inclined-plane of medulla, be whittled into the inclined-plane of 0.5 cm length the most again, interface base is wedge shaped, and a cutter is respectively cut as deep as phloem in both sides；
(53) during grafting, the most smooth for stock fracture place is whittled into inclined-plane, from top to bottom use grafting knife partial application as deep as xylem from incline base along stem direction, it is about 4-6 cm, the bark of teasing edge of a knife both sides, then long for scion bevel is close to stock xylem, enter stock along peeling off mouth straight cutting, and make scion cut mouth to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.5 cm；Grafting port part zone line and scion vertical direction place an a length of 15-20 cm, diameter 2-3 mm solid straight waddy as the rod that discharges water；By block covered rearing with plastic film saw kerf, scion is made to pass thin film, and tighten with plastics becket bridle stock, finally carry out colligation with the sealed polyethylene plastic that wide 3.5-4.0 cm, thickness are 0.02 mm from bottom to top from bottom of buddering, the rod half that discharges water is exposed, colligation consolidation, sealing, stuffy, budder and be exposed；On grafted branch, carry out helical form with grafting knife at 5-8 cm under interface to discharge water.
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| CN104584884A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-06 | 李德荣 | Walnut wild grafting method |
| CN104542013B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2017-03-01 | 云南省林业科学院 | A kind of engrafting method of walnut tree with high |
| CN104737822B (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2017-08-08 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | It is a kind of to improve the engrafting method of film interior circulation environment |
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| CN109479547A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-19 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Southern juglans sigillata branch scion high position grafting moisture regulation method |
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| CN112166850A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-temperature high-grafting and seed changing method for pomelo trees |
| CN113141895A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-23 | 河池市林业科学研究院 | Walnut soaking grafting method for moisture preservation and drainage |
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| CN1166273C (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2004-09-15 | 石伟 | Method for grafting high wild walnut tree with high survival rate |
| CN103026905B (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-05-07 | 贵州大学 | Method for high square bud grafting of Juglans sigllata Dode |
| CN103202182B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-09-10 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | High-scion and head-changing grafting method of carya illinoensis |
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2014
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