CN104396656A - Yield-increasing method of pecans - Google Patents
Yield-increasing method of pecans Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396656A CN104396656A CN201410493409.1A CN201410493409A CN104396656A CN 104396656 A CN104396656 A CN 104396656A CN 201410493409 A CN201410493409 A CN 201410493409A CN 104396656 A CN104396656 A CN 104396656A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention provides a yield-increasing method of pecans. Specifically, Pawne pecan twigs are grafted onto Mahan pecan rootstocks, such that high-quality grafted seedlingsare obtained. With reasonable selection of management and splicing methods after survival, the grafting survival rate of the pecans can be higher than 99%. With the method, the formation of a large amount of medium-short fruiting branches with lengths within 35cm and diameters of 0.4-0.8cm can be effectively promoted. A total fruiting branch amount can be increased, and a female flower bud amount on the branches can be improved by more than 120% than a control group. Therefore, early-stage yield-increasing capacity is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of woody plant cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of high yield method of apocarya.
Background technology
Apocarya has another name called pecan, pecan tree, and the large shell of fruit is thin, nutritious, is world-renowned high-grade dry fruit, and economic worth high market prospects are had an optimistic view of.Apocarya originates in North America, the main product U.S., and China introduces a fine variety oneself last 100 years history.But due to many reasons, apocarya so far still because quantity fails to enter commodity market very little, market supply dependence on import.Apocarya has two key links to have impact on the early fruiting and high yield of apocarya respectively at different aspect in producing: grafting, pruning.
In order to the process making apocarya set foot on improved variety, base construction as early as possible, while breeding variety, set about carrying out the little stock grafting research of technique of life in 1 ~ 2 year.But because graft survival rate is not high, supply falls short of demand to cause grafting, part apocarya base first have to plant seedling.Seedling is gone into operation late, and nut is little, and palatability is poor, is commercially out of favour, must reconfiguration excellent strain.Meanwhile, the early stage part apocarya base built, does not configure pollinizers or mis-arrange, poor pollination, and fruit drop is serious, and can not normally go into operation, must be also pollinizers by plant part reconfiguration.
Apocarya at the introducing and planting T&B of China, but in early days mainly with seedling cultivation, as viewing and admiring, forest and the cultivation of woods fruit dual-purpose seeds.In recent years, because of the needs in dry fruit market, apocarya draws attention gradually as the cultivation of fruit tree, development speed increases considerably, but still can not satisfy the demand far away compared with social demand, its restraining factors are exactly that the fruiting period of apocarya is more late, and output is lower, and especially early yield is low.
Apocarya is high megaphanerophyte, and the brephic is longer, and generally about 5 years after field planting just start result, and output is very low, even if the orchard of about the 10 years age of trees is also difficult to reach higher economic flow rate.Main cause is that sapling up-growth is vigorous, is difficult to form a large amount of middle fruit spurs.
The young sprout that childhood sets is when rich water abundance, and the amount of growth of a year can reach 1.5m even more than 2m, and centre there is no branch.When this unramified large-scale branch is pruned in the winter time, major part will be wiped out, and causes great waste.
Existing summer pruning technology is generally pinching, turns round the tip and draw branch etc.Turn round the tip and draw branch to make growth potential slowing down, do not promote branch, and the pinching of apocarya side shoot can be promoted unlike other trees to sprout and increase branch technology.Because apocarya apical dominance is extremely strong, after summer pinching top sprouting of lateral bud after very strong inhibitory action is still had to the lateral bud below it, usually the sprouting of lateral bud of top is only had, even if second lateral bud can be sprouted, because the suppression being subject to the first side shoot is also difficult to form effective side shoot.Therefore the pinching of apocarya top usually just temporarily suppresses young sprout growth, reduces amount of growth, to promoting that the formation of Lateral shoot formation, especially fruit spur there is no help.
On the basis of testing for many years, the present invention is by best grafting method, utilize apocarya kind-Ma Han to make stock grafting ripple Buddhist nun apocarya, a large amount of ripple Buddhist nun apocarya seedling can be obtained fast and effectively, solve the problem of apocarya shortage of resources; By to stock, scion and the reasonable selection surviving rear management method, apocarya kind graft survival rate can be made to reach 99%, planting percent also improves greatly, and severe cutting back is carried out to young sprout in eugonic annual summer, under impelling clip, multiple sprouting of lateral bud forms second branch, adds branch progression, also greatly increases the generation quantity of middle fruit spur, the contrast tree raising more than 120% of the same age making the quantity of formation size of buds similar, tree crown is more plentiful, substantial.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art and one apocarya high yield method is simply and easily provided.
Wherein, grafting operation step, stock is injured gently, grafting place is easily healed, survival rate is high, efficiency is high, and trimming method can improve effective amount of growth of apocarya tree crown greatly, increase branch progression, the quantity that in raising, fruit spur is formed, improve buds quantity, promote early high-yield.
Applicant is engaged in apocarya nursery work for many years, for meeting the demand of production aspect, we improve the method for conventional cultivation, and grafting method, trimming method are innovated, shorten growing-seedling period to reach, increase nursery quantity increase branch progression, promote the object of early high-yield.Object of the present invention can be reached by following measure:
1. a grafting method for apocarya, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) seedbed prepares: in booth, arrange seedbed, by the standard cloth ground hot line of every square metre of 100W bottom seedbed, by red soil, vermiculite, peat soil, river sand, horse liver soil five kinds of matrix are by after the mass ratio mixing of 5: 3: 2: 2: 1, and be layered on seedbed, thickness is 10-13cm;
(2) mid-March is to mid-April, chooses diameter and grows directly from seeds as rootstock seedling at the apocarya of more than 5mm, carry out scion grafting.(3) apocarya kind ripple Buddhist nun current-year branch is chosen, the truncation of scion upper cut, lower cut are cut sth. askew, adopt high-voltage electrostatic field process scion, parameter is intensity 100kv/m, 20 minutes time, then adopt plant growth regulator to soak 30-45min, described plant growth regulator is: 200mg/LGA3+100mg/L GGR6+60mg/LNAA+20mg/LCPPU+20mg/LDA-6;
(4) stock after scion inserting step (2) process after step (3) being processed, is tightly wound around wrapping with Anti-fogging Film from bottom to top by interface after scion is alignd with the formation layer of stock;
(5) control at 25-26 DEG C by greenhouse temperature, humid control is 85%, and bud picking is except sprouting, and when scion young sprout grows to 30 ~ 40cm, should remove fogging-resistance film in time, should found windproof post in time when young sprout grows to about 30cm;
(6) managing after grafting method is: grafting vigorous period, in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, selects 50% Aphox wetting powder, 1500 times of liquid to prevent eliminating aphis.
Described stock is apocarya Ma Han, and in step (3), scion is apocarya ripple Buddhist nun;
Described step (2) carries out cut-out process to rootstock seedling main root, and it is long that main root length retains 20cm; Cut root process after 1 ~ 2 day, highly cut off rootstock seedling at overhead about 15cm, select the position of flat smooth, downward from clip, with cutting point by long for cortex rip cutting one 1 ~ 2 centimetre of dark perpendicular mouth reaching xylem, by otch upper end cortex with cutting point strip off gently to both sides;
Total survival rate reaches 99%, average height of seedling 84.6cm, reaches seedling specification fast, transplants after 2 years, and observe tree vigo(u)r strong, disease-resistant, Market reaction is good.
Present invention also offers a kind of high yield method of apocarya, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The preparation of A apocarya grafting plant
(1) mid-March is to mid-April, and choosing diameter at the horse Chinese apocarya seedling of more than 5mm is stock, adopts the method grafting of scion grafting; Carry out cut-out process to main root, it is long that main root length retains 20cm; Cut root process after 1 ~ 2 day, highly cut off rootstock seedling at overhead about 15cm, select the position of flat smooth, downward from clip, with cutting point by long for cortex rip cutting one 1 ~ 2 centimetre of dark perpendicular mouth reaching xylem, by otch upper end cortex with cutting point strip off gently to both sides;
(2) apocarya kind ripple Buddhist nun current-year branch is chosen, the truncation of scion upper cut, lower cut are cut sth. askew, adopt high-voltage electrostatic field process scion, parameter is intensity 100kv/m, 20 minutes time, then adopt plant growth regulator to soak 30-45min, described plant growth regulator is: 200mg/LGA3+100mg/L GGR6+60mg/LNAA+20mg/LCPPU+20mg/L diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6);
(3) stock after scion inserting step (1) process after step (2) being processed, is tightly wound around wrapping with Anti-fogging Film from bottom to top by interface after scion is alignd with the formation layer of stock;
(4) managing after grafting: greenhouse temperature is controlled at 25-26 DEG C, humid control, 85%, avoids direct sunlight, until scion and stock heal completely, and bud picking is except sprouting, and early stage 5 ~ 7 days 1 time, interval time middle and later periods can extend; When scion young sprout grows to 30 ~ 40cm, the nylon film sheet covered on section should be removed in time, cut off the Anti-fogging Film around scion base portion simultaneously; Young sprout should found windproof post when growing to about 30cm in time, is fixed on by lower rod end on the trunk below grafting part, with cord by young sprout loosely tie up on pillar, along with constantly growing tall of young sprout, tie up 1 road every about 30cm.
Note moisturizing, prevent mechanical damage; Frequent attention observation, maintenance, August grafting vigorous period, in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, 50% Aphox wetting powder, 1500 times of liquid are selected to prevent eliminating aphis, every mu uses 200 grams, rich water quality management: in canopy, grafting is ventilated experienced seedling in good time, waters according to soil moisture content.Spray vegetative period 2 times ~ 3 times concentration be 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea carry out top dressing;
(B) to the trimming method of the grafting plant that step (A) obtains:
(1) rise from mid-May, until late June, choose length and carry out severe cutting back at the non-principal elongated shoot young sprout (removing skeleton branch and elongated shoot) of more than 30cm, retain length at 10 ~ 20cm, length stays 10cm at the young sprout of below 35cm, length retains 20cm more than 50cm person, and remaining retains length between therebetween;
(2) paclobutrazol spraying 200ppm under clip after sprouting of lateral bud (second branch) controls the growth potential of second branch, and turns round the top vigorous person of sprouting of lateral bud branch growth and slightly process.
(3), after July, pinching process is carried out to the second branch of over growth.
The beneficial effect of hinge structure of the present invention is:
In 1 prior art there are no using apocarya kind Ma Han as stock, apocarya kind ripple Buddhist nun is carried out the report of grafting as scion, the applicant is found by a large amount of creative experiments, apocarya kind Ma Han and Bo Ni affiliation and affinity best, and the feature of horse Chinese kind is strong adaptability, growth is fast, resistance, damage by disease and insect is few, the suitable graft stock making other new quality product kinds, scion grafting survival can either be promoted fast, growing after grafting can be promoted again to survive.
Respectively with Juglans mandshurica and Ma Hanwei stock, grafting apocarya ripple Buddhist nun, all experiments is the grafting of same grafting work, scion and grafting method all with, investigate the impact of different stock on grafting apocarya survival rate, new slightly length as follows:
Table 1: different stock is on the impact of grafting
To the growth of apocarya grafting significantly, this is with affiliation distance and affinity different relevant for the different stock of visible employing;
2 plant growth regulator are a kind of ectogenic non-nutritive chemical substances, it can conduct to site of action usually in plant corpus, just promoting or suppress some link in plant life process with lower concentration, making it the wish development to meeting human needs, present inventor is drawn by lot of experiments and to soak through plant growth regulator, Be very effective, described plant growth regulator is: 200mg/LGA3+100mg/L GGR6+60mg/LNAA+20mg/LCPPU+20mg/L diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), after this process, the time of sprouting to buddering from grafting shortens greatly, single factor experiment draws, than without hormone-treated time decreased 49.7%, plant growth mediator agent formula of the present invention, it is easy to use, callus activity can be improved, promote callus growth, promoting budders sprouts, improve the chlorophyll content of scion, strengthen photosynthesis, and the auxin rational proportion contained, Coordinated Interaction, obvious shortening seedling-slowing stage, tachyauxesis.
For checking plant growth regulator effect of the present invention, with woody plant apocarya for research object establishes following four process:
Process 1: commercially available powerful root-inducing powder
Process 2:200mg/LGA3+100mg/L GGR6+60mg/LNAA+20mg/LCPPU+20mg/L diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6)
Table 2: growth regulator is on the impact of grafting
| Growing-seedling period | Graft survival rate | Planting percent | |
| Process 1 | 2 years | 37％ | 13％ |
| Process 2 | 1 year | 99％ | 97％ |
3 apocarya sapling up-growth gesture are strong, branch normal length and sparse, buds is generally distributed in shoot apex part, if cutting back during winter pruning, not only waste amount of growth in summer, and eliminate buds, further reduction output, if do not pruned, then occupy too many space, Crown Structure is unfavorable for high yield, conventional summer pruning pinching, draw branch and turn round the tip and only play the effect alleviating growth, branch sum of series can not be increased and increase fruit branch quantity, and severe cutting back is used for apocarya summer pruning by method provided by the invention first, not only reduce winter pruning amount, and branch progression can be increased, the quantity of middle fruit spur is made to expand 2 ~ 3 times, buds total amount increases by more than 200%, and Crown Structure is more reasonable, tree crown increases faster, reach the object of early stage rapid high yield.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
Experiment addressing 2008 is at Xinbei district Changzhou gold soil agriculture and animal husbandry science service Co., Ltd Experimental Base
The preparation of A apocarya grafting plant
(1) seedbed prepares: in booth, arrange seedbed, by the standard cloth ground hot line of every square metre of 100W bottom seedbed, by red soil, vermiculite, peat soil, river sand, horse liver soil five kinds of matrix are by after the mass ratio mixing of 5: 3: 2: 2: 1, and be layered on seedbed, thickness is 10-13cm;
Mid-March, choosing diameter at the horse Chinese apocarya seedling of more than 5mm was stock to mid-April, adopted the method grafting of scion grafting; Carry out cut-out process to main root, it is long that main root length retains 20cm; Cut root process after 1 ~ 2 day, highly cut off rootstock seedling at overhead about 15cm, select the position of flat smooth, downward from clip, with cutting point by long for cortex rip cutting one 1 ~ 2 centimetre of dark perpendicular mouth reaching xylem, by otch upper end cortex with cutting point strip off gently to both sides;
(2) apocarya kind ripple Buddhist nun current-year branch is chosen, the truncation of scion upper cut, lower cut are cut sth. askew, adopt high-voltage electrostatic field process scion, parameter is intensity 100kv/m, 20 minutes time, then adopt plant growth regulator to soak 30-45min, described plant growth regulator is: 200mg/LGA3+100mg/L GGR6+60mg/LNAA+20mg/LCPPU+20mg/L diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6);
(3) stock after scion inserting step (1) process after step (2) being processed, is tightly wound around wrapping with Anti-fogging Film from bottom to top by interface after scion is alignd with the formation layer of stock;
(4) managing after grafting: greenhouse temperature is controlled at 25-26 DEG C, humid control, 85%, avoids direct sunlight, until scion and stock heal completely, and bud picking is except sprouting, and early stage 5 ~ 7 days 1 time, interval time middle and later periods can extend; When scion young sprout grows to 30 ~ 40cm, the nylon film sheet covered on section should be removed in time, cut off the Anti-fogging Film around scion base portion simultaneously; Young sprout should found windproof post when growing to about 30cm in time, is fixed on by lower rod end on the trunk below grafting part, with cord by young sprout loosely tie up on pillar, along with constantly growing tall of young sprout, tie up 1 road every about 30cm.
Note moisturizing, prevent mechanical damage; Frequent attention observation, maintenance, August grafting vigorous period, in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, 50% Aphox wetting powder, 1500 times of liquid are selected to prevent eliminating aphis, every mu uses 200 grams, rich water quality management: in canopy, grafting is ventilated experienced seedling in good time, waters according to soil moisture content.Spray vegetative period 2 times ~ 3 times concentration be 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea carry out top dressing;
After grafting, in mid-May, 2008 rises, the young shoot that stock of erasing in time is sprouted.Mid or late June rises, successively to about the length 30cm that scion is sprouted and above sprout column colligation.Altogether grafting 5000 strain, early December statistics survive 4947 strains, total survival rate reaches 99%, average height of seedling 84.6cm, reaches seedling specification fast, transplants after 2 years, and observation tree vigo(u)r is strong.
(B) to the trimming method of the grafting plant that step (A) obtains:
(1) 2010 year from May 12 beginning successively at the young sprout (except skeleton branch elongated shoot) of more than 30cm, severe cutting back is carried out to length in orchard, retention length is 10 ~ 20cm, length stays 10cm at the young sprout of below 35cm, length retains 20cm more than 50cm person, and remaining retains length between therebetween.The cutting back pruning time continues to June 15 always.
(2) rose June 20, spray 200ppm paclobutrazol, and tip process is turned round to the top vigorous person of sprouting of lateral bud branch growth.
The paclobutrazol spraying 200ppm under clip after sprouting of lateral bud (second branch) controls the growth potential of second branch, and turns round the top vigorous person of sprouting of lateral bud branch growth and slightly process.
(3), after July, pinching process is carried out to the second branch of over growth.
Random sampling result by the end of December shows: each cutting back process branch on average sprouts 2.88, branch, and non-cutting back branch not branch.
Random sampling result shows: compare fruit branch quantity through the apocarya treelet buds quantity (i.e. the fruit bearing shoot quantity of 2012) of cutting back process and similar tree of the same age and improve 126%.
Embodiment two trimming method embodiment
Within 2013, in the raw apocarya garden enforcement of Xinbei district Changzhou gold soil agriculture and animal husbandry science service Co., Ltd 4 years, enforcement kind is Ma Han, Jiangxi selects No. 1 and Jiangxi to select No. 3 three kinds, each 1500 strains of each kind.
Whole spring and summer is enhanced field management according to normal rich water quality management measure season, timely weeding, irrigates and the extermination of disease and insect pest, makes the growth potential that tree body keeps good.
Start to carry out severe cutting back to length in orchard at the young sprout (except skeleton branch elongated shoot) of more than 30cm successively from the date in May 16, retention length is 10 ~ 20cm, length stays 10cm at the young sprout of below 35cm, length retains 20cm more than 50cm person, and remaining retains length between therebetween.The cutting back pruning time continues to June 18 always.
June 25 rose, and sprayed 200ppm paclobutrazol successively according to the sequencing of cutting back pruning, and turned round tip process, to July 20 to the top vigorous person of sprouting of lateral bud branch growth.August 1 rose, and is that the part branch stopped carries out pinching process, makes it stop extending to apical growth in the second branch inspired after cutting back.
Sample investigation immediately by the end of December shows: Ma Han, Jiangxi are selected No. 1 and Jiangxi to select No. 3 three kind each cutting back process branches on average to sprout number of branch and is respectively 2.79,2.75 and 2.63, and three non-cutting back young sprouts of kind are showed no branch.
Random sampling in May, 2014 result display: three kinds are carried out the apocarya treelet buds quantity of cutting back process and similar tree of the same age and compared fruit branch quantity and improve 129%, 138% and 134% respectively.
Table 3 apocarya summer pruning effect research table
Although, above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, but on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, such as according to different cultivars and growth potential, suitable adjustment is done to the length that cutting back is retained, or according to phenophase and growth potential, the concrete pruning time is adjusted, the concentration whether spraying paclobutrazol or spray paclobutrazol slightly adjusts, the kind of concrete enforcement is different etc., and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these done without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention amendments, the expansion of improvement or scope, all belongs to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a high yield method for apocarya, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
Steps A, the preparation of apocarya grafting plant:
(1) mid-March is to mid-April, and choosing diameter at the horse Chinese apocarya seedling of more than 5mm is stock, adopts the method grafting of scion grafting;
(2) apocarya kind ripple Buddhist nun current-year branch is chosen, the truncation of scion upper cut, lower cut are cut sth. askew, adopt high-voltage electrostatic field process scion, electric-field intensity is 100kv/m, time is 20 minutes, then adopt plant growth regulator to soak 30-45min, described plant growth regulator is: 200mg/L GA3+100mg/L GGR6+60mg/L NAA+20mg/L CPPU+20mg/L diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate;
(3) stock of the scion inserting step (1) after step (2) being processed, is tightly wound around wrapping with Anti-fogging Film from bottom to top by interface after scion is alignd with the formation layer of stock;
(4) managing after grafting;
Step B, the trimming method to the grafting plant that steps A obtains:
(1) rise from mid-May, until late June, choose length and carry out severe cutting back at more than 30cm young sprout, retain length at 10-20cm;
(2) paclobutrazol of 200ppm is sprayed under clip after sprouting of lateral bud;
(3), after July, pinching process is carried out.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete operation step of described (4) managing after grafting is:
Controlled by greenhouse temperature at 25-26 DEG C, humid control, 85%, avoids direct sunlight, when scion young sprout grows to 30-40cm, should remove the nylon film sheet covered on section in time, cut off the Anti-fogging Film around scion base portion simultaneously; Young sprout should found windproof post when growing to 30cm in time, selects that 50% Aphox wetting powder, 1500 times of liquid are anti-to eliminate aphis, and every mu uses 200 grams, spray vegetative period 2 times-3 times, concentration be 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea topdress.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104920155A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-23 | 永胜程海茂源农业开发有限公司 | Cultivating method for pecans |
| CN107148860A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-09-12 | 茂名市绿凰农业发展有限公司 | It is a kind of that the engrafting method of the high-quality and efficient safety in production of crop is promoted based on high-voltage electrostatic field |
| CN107242033A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-13 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method of the quick propagation by grafiting of apocarya |
| CN108040648A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-18 | 绩溪县万禾林业开发有限公司 | A kind of hickory grafting method |
| CN108142193A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-12 | 合肥欣和园苗木有限公司 | Apocarya breeding method |
| CN108432534A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-24 | 南京林业大学 | Pecan tree does sth. in advance the promotion method of result |
| CN109978324A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-07-05 | 袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司 | One kind introducing a fine variety site selecting method and device |
| CN111357558A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-07-03 | 云南省林业和草原科学院 | Method for promoting sprouting of hidden buds at light leg parts of branches of apocarya big tree |
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