CN102440813A - 带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器 - Google Patents

带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器 Download PDF

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CN102440813A
CN102440813A CN201010299416XA CN201010299416A CN102440813A CN 102440813 A CN102440813 A CN 102440813A CN 201010299416X A CN201010299416X A CN 201010299416XA CN 201010299416 A CN201010299416 A CN 201010299416A CN 102440813 A CN102440813 A CN 102440813A
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chain joint
teeth
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张祖仁
蒋谊康
蒋震宇
吉荣
张奕奕
徐维华
袁栋坤
杨琦
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Changzhou Kangdi Medical Stapler Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2901Details of shaft
    • A61B2017/2908Multiple segments connected by articulations
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft

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Abstract

一种带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,实现关节由链条关节组成,链条关节的链板的两端有齿牙,同列相邻的链板的齿牙相互啮合的技术方案。操作机构通过同列相邻的链板的齿牙相互啮合的传动,将链条关节的最近端的链板的转角逐级叠加传递到执行头,以操作机构较小的传动即可获得执行头90°左右的转角,从而达到链条关节转动后的精确定位,便于将执行头精确对准待切割吻合部位的技术效果,还可达到显著增大链条关节弯曲的曲率半径的技术效果。

Description

带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器
技术领域
本发明涉及到在腔镜外科手术中使用的腔镜外科切割吻合器,特别涉及到在腹腔镜外科手术中使用的腔镜外科切割吻合器,也特别涉及到在胸腔镜外科手术中使用的腔镜外科切割吻合器,更特别涉及到带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器。
背景技术
在腹腔镜外科手术和胸腔镜外科手术中,腔镜外科切割吻合器通常被用于消化道中食管、胃、十二指肠、小肠、结肠、直肠、阑尾、胆、胰和脾等切割吻合手术,也被用于呼吸道中肺和气管等切割吻合手术,还被用于泌尿生殖***中膀胱和子宫等切割吻合手术,可以减少手术时间,提高手术质量。
现有的腔镜外科切割吻合器有美国专利20080308602、20090206124和20090206137中介绍的各种腔镜外科切割吻合器。在使用腔镜外科切割吻合器时,先将执行头通过内径为12mm至13mm的穿刺针进入人体内腔,再控制执行头轴向旋转和关节转动以便对准待切割吻合组织,即可操作夹持机构,推动滑杆,将待切割吻合组织夹持在执行头的钉砧与钉仓之间。然后操作击发机构,再推动滑杆:滑杆的两端分别***执行头的钉砧和钉仓,使钉砧与钉仓之间达到所需的夹紧厚度;滑杆通过推钉滑板推动推钉块,将吻合钉从钉仓内推出穿透被夹紧的待切割吻合组织直抵钉砧上的吻合钉成形槽,使U形吻合钉弯曲成B形,达到将组织吻合的手术目的;滑杆上的切割刀切割被夹紧的待切割吻合组织,达到将组织切割的手术目的。完成切割吻合操作后,操作夹持机构,松开已切割吻合组织,以便退出腔镜外科切割吻合器。腔镜外科切割吻合器的夹持机构和击发机构也可采用其它操作机构。操作机构还可以有指示机构。腔镜外科切割吻合器的夹持机构和击发机构等各种操作机构可以是如美国专利20080308602和20090206137的手动的腔镜外科切割吻合器,也可以是如美国专利20090090763和20090095790的电动的腔镜外科切割吻合器,还可以是如美国专利20070125826和20080029577的流体驱动的腔镜外科切割吻合器。
现有的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其组成部分包括:执行头、关节、延伸管、吻合器身和操作机构。操作机构位于吻合器身处,用于控制执行头动作。执行头、关节、延伸管、吻合器身依次顺序相连。执行头由执行架、滑杆、钉仓和钉砧组成。在执行架上安装滑杆、钉仓和钉砧。钉仓由钉仓壳、推钉块、推钉滑板和吻合钉组成。钉仓壳内有钉槽、推钉孔、滑板槽和推刀槽。吻合钉安装在钉槽内。推钉块安装在推钉孔内。推钉滑板安装在推刀槽和滑板槽内。钉仓壳的钉槽和推钉孔排列在推刀槽的两侧。推钉块可在推钉孔内移动以便将吻合钉从钉槽内推出。推钉滑板依靠斜面推动推钉块在推钉孔内移动时将吻合钉从钉槽内推出。吻合钉呈U形,由两个钉腿、一个钉梁和两个钉尖组成。钉腿的一端分别与钉梁连接、另一端分别为钉尖。吻合钉可采用不锈钢丝、钽丝、钛丝或其它具有类似性能的金属丝制造。吻合钉的两个钉腿插在钉槽内。吻合钉的钉梁坐在推钉块的上边上。钉砧的端面上有与钉仓内的吻合钉位置对应的吻合钉成形槽和与钉仓壳内的推刀槽位置对应的切割槽。钉砧的吻合钉成形槽相应排列在钉砧的切割槽的两侧。钉仓的钉槽和推钉孔和钉砧的吻合钉成形槽可以根据外科手术对切割吻合的需要,共排列成两排、三排、四排、五排、六排、七排或八排。钉砧可以与执行架枢轴连接。滑杆可在钉仓的推刀槽和钉砧的切割槽内移动。当钉砧绕执行架枢轴转动时,钉砧与钉仓夹持或松开待切割吻合组织。当钉砧与钉仓之间达到所需的间隙时,使待切割吻合组织在钉砧与钉仓之间达到所需的夹紧厚度。
在使用腔镜外科切割吻合器时,先将执行头通过内径为12mm至13mm的穿刺针孔进入人体内腔,再控制执行头轴向旋转和关节转动以便对准待切割吻合组织。如果无法将执行头对准待切割吻合组织,则执行头无法将待切割吻合组织夹持在执行头的钉砧与钉仓之间,更无法执行切割吻合操作。如美国专利20090206131和20100163597中所介绍的腔镜外科切割吻合器,采用执行头与延伸管之间销轴连接,滑杆由叠在一起的薄板组成,通过从延伸管伸出、套在执行头上的拉杆拉动执行头,控制执行头相对延伸管绕销轴作关节转动,滑杆的薄板随着关节向两侧转动而向两侧弯曲变形。这种式样的腔镜外科切割吻合器的令人不满意处是,执行头在销轴的约束下仅能相对延伸管绕销轴作关节转动;当滑杆弯曲的角度较小时,滑杆在关节的内部空间内的弯曲变形可以形成较大的曲率半径;但是,当滑杆弯曲的角度较大时,受关节的内部空间的约束,滑杆在关节的内部空间内的弯曲变形绕销轴形成很小的曲率半径,因此,尽管美国专利20090206131和20100163597中所介绍的腔镜外科切割吻合器声称其关节转动的角度可达到90°,但受滑杆材料弯曲变形的限制,其产品的实际关节转动的角度仅可达到40°。由于腔镜外科切割吻合器受到穿刺针内孔的约束,因此,当执行头的枢轴关节转动的角度仅可达到40°时,存在大量的执行头夹持组织的死角,难以将执行头准确对准待切割吻合部位,此时,需要使用另一外科器械通过另一穿刺针孔进入人体内腔,将待切割吻合组织夹持到执行头的钉砧与钉仓之间。这一方面要在人体上增加一个穿刺针,另一方面要增加一项难操作的手术步骤,并且某些待切割吻合组织被牵拉时会造成组织损伤,即使可被牵拉也难以将组织的待切割吻合部位准确地夹持到执行头的钉砧与钉仓之间。这种式样的腔镜外科切割吻合器的另一令人不满意处是,当滑杆弯曲的曲率半径很小时,滑杆内层薄板的曲率半径显著小于外层薄板的曲率半径,使得滑杆的内外层薄板之间产生显著的位移,造成操作机构的作用力集中在内层薄板上,显著减少滑杆传递操作机构的作用力到执行头的能力,从而影响执行头执行夹持、夹紧、切割和吻合组织的能力,另外,由于滑杆弯曲的曲率半径很小,形成滑杆很大的反弹力,既增加了滑杆移动的阻力,又影响关节转动后的定位。因此,腔镜外科切割吻合器的关节结构还需改进。
由上述显然可以看出,现在已经设计了不同式样的腔镜外科切割吻合器,并且新的腔镜外科切割吻合器的研制工作仍在继续,以便对每年世界上大量使用的腔镜外科切割吻合器作进一步的改进,使得执行头使用时转角更大,定位时更准确、更方便,操作时更省力。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,实现关节由链条关节组成,链条关节的链板的两端有齿牙,同列相邻的链板的齿牙相互啮合的技术方案。当操作机构控制执行头关节动作时,通过同列相邻的链板的齿牙相互啮合的传动,将操作机构在延伸管的远端处的传动通过链条关节的最近端的链板的转角逐级叠加传递到执行头,以操作机构较小的传动即可获得执行头90°左右的转角,从而达到链条关节转动后的精确定位,便于将执行头精确对准待切割吻合部位的技术效果,还可达到成倍提高执行头转角指示精度的技术效果,又可达到显著增大链条关节弯曲的曲率半径的技术效果。
目前,公知的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其组成部分包括:执行头、关节、延伸管、吻合器身和操作机构。操作机构位于吻合器身处,经过延伸管内腔控制执行头动作。执行头、关节、延伸管、吻合器身依次顺序相连。执行头由执行架、滑杆、钉仓和钉砧组成。在执行架上安装滑杆、钉仓和钉砧。钉仓由钉仓壳、推钉块、推钉滑板和吻合钉组成。钉仓壳内有钉槽、推钉孔、滑板槽和推刀槽。吻合钉安装在钉槽内。推钉块安装在推钉孔内。推钉滑板安装在滑板槽内。钉仓壳的钉槽和推钉孔排列在推刀槽的两侧。钉砧的端面上有与钉仓内的吻合钉位置对应的吻合钉成形槽和与钉仓壳内的推刀槽位置对应的切割槽。钉砧的吻合钉成形槽相应排列在钉砧的切割槽的两侧。钉仓的钉槽和推钉孔和钉砧的吻合钉成形槽可以根据外科手术对切割吻合的需要,共排列成两排、三排、四排、五排、六排、七排或八排。钉砧可以与执行架枢轴连接。在滑杆上可以有切割刀,滑杆可在钉仓壳的推刀槽内移动。在钉仓壳的推刀槽内也可以安装有切割刀。当滑杆在钉仓壳的推刀槽内移动时,滑杆推动切割刀在钉仓壳的推刀槽内移动。
当操作机构推动滑杆时,滑杆控制钉砧绕执行架枢轴转动,控制钉砧与钉仓夹持或松开待切割吻合组织的动作。当钉砧与钉仓之间达到所需的间隙时,两端分别***执行头的钉砧和钉仓的滑杆使待切割吻合组织在钉砧与钉仓之间保持所需的夹紧厚度。滑杆通过推钉滑板推动推钉块,将吻合钉从钉仓内推出穿透被夹紧的待切割吻合组织直抵钉砧上的吻合钉成形槽,使U形吻合钉弯曲成B形,达到将组织吻合的手术目的;滑杆上的切割刀切割被夹紧的待切割吻合组织,达到将组织切割的手术目的。
本发明的任务是通过下述技术方案实现的:
在本发明的腔镜外科切割吻合器的关节由链条关节组成。链条关节由链板和销轴组成。链条关节上有从近端延伸到远端的工作通道。滑杆贯穿链条关节的工作通道执行操作机构的动作。链板由销轴枢轴连接成交错排列的两列。链条关节的最近端的链板的近端由操作机构驱动、远端有齿牙。链条关节的其他链板的两端有齿牙。同列相邻的链板的齿牙相互啮合。链条关节的最近端的链板的近端与延伸管枢轴连接。链条关节的最远端的链板的远端与执行头枢轴连接。延伸管的远端有齿牙。链条关节的次最近端的链板的近端的齿牙与延伸管的远端的齿牙相互啮合。链板上的齿牙可以为固定在链板上的齿轮的轮齿,也可以为固定在链板上的拨叉或具有类似功能的其他各种齿牙。各链板上的轮齿的齿轮可以具有相同的节圆直径,也可以具有不同的节圆直径。
操作机构可以在延伸管的远端处有齿条。链条关节的最近端的链板的近端可以有齿牙。操作机构通过齿条驱动链条关节的最近端的链板的近端的齿牙转动,滑杆的薄板随着链条关节向两侧转动而向两侧弯曲变形。
操作机构也可以在延伸管的远端处有齿轮。链条关节的最近端的链板的近端可以有齿轮的轮齿。操作机构通过齿轮驱动链条关节的最近端的链板的近端的齿轮的轮齿转动,滑杆的薄板随着链条关节向两侧转动而向两侧弯曲变形。
操作机构还可以与链条关节的最近端的链板的近端连杆连接。操作机构通过连杆驱动链条关节的最近端的链板转动,滑杆的薄板随着链条关节向两侧转动而向两侧弯曲变形。
在本发明的腔镜外科切割吻合器的链板上可以有从链条关节的近端延伸到远端的槽。销轴上又可以有从链条关节的近端延伸到远端的槽。链板上的槽和销轴上的槽组成链条关节上从近端延伸到远端的工作通道。
链板内也可以有从链条关节的近端延伸到远端的通孔。销轴上也可以有从链条关节的近端延伸到远端的槽。链板内的通孔和销轴上的槽组成链条关节上从近端延伸到远端的工作通道。
链板上还可以有从链条关节的近端延伸到远端的槽。销轴内还可以有从链条关节的近端延伸到远端的通孔。链板上的槽和销轴内的通孔组成链条关节上从近端延伸到远端的工作通道。
链板内又可以有从链条关节的近端延伸到远端的通孔。销轴内可以有从链条关节的近端延伸到远端的通孔。链板内的通孔和销轴内的通孔组成链条关节上从近端延伸到远端的工作通道。
本发明的腔镜外科切割吻合器的滑杆既可以由单片薄板组成,也可以由叠在一起的多片薄板组成。组成推板的薄板可以采用各种金属材料制成,特别是可以采用超弹性Ti-Ni合金制成。
滑杆也可以由联在一起的滑架和推板组成。推板既可以由单片薄板组成,也可以由叠在一起的多片薄板组成。组成推板的薄板可以采用各种金属材料制成,特别是可以采用超弹性Ti-Ni合金制成。
滑杆中间可以有从近端延伸到远端的槽。链条关节的带有齿牙的部位插在滑杆的槽内,使得滑杆被约束在链条关节的工作通道内移动和伴随着链条关节的转动而弯曲,同时,链条关节在滑杆的槽的约束作用下,防止链条关节的链板与销轴相互脱离。
在本发明的腔镜外科切割吻合器的链板的两端上可以有销孔。销轴分别***各个链板的销孔,使链板枢轴连接成交错排列的两列。
链板上也可以一端有销孔、另一端固定有销轴。各个链板上固定的销轴***另一个链板的销孔,使链板枢轴连接成交错排列的两列。
还可以一部分链板的两端上有销孔,另一部分链板的两端上固定有销轴。各个带有销轴的链板上的销轴***各个带有销孔的链板上的销孔,使链板枢轴连接成交错排列的两列。
在本发明的腔镜外科切割吻合器的链条关节的外周可以包有套管。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明实施例的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器的链条关节未转动时钉仓与钉砧之间张开时的外观立体图;
图2是表示图1的腔镜外科切割吻合器的链条关节转动时钉仓与钉砧之间张开时的外观立体图;
图3是表示图1的腔镜外科切割吻合器的吻合器身、延伸管、链条关节和操作机构被移去后执行头的钉仓与钉砧之间张开时的放大外观立体图;
图4是表示图3的执行头的钉仓与钉砧之间闭合时的放大外观立体图;
图5是表示图1的腔镜外科切割吻合器的钉仓被取出后的放大外观立体图;
图6是表示图5的钉仓的底部的放大外观立体图;
图7是表示图5的钉仓壳的放大外观立体图;
图8是表示图1的执行头内的滑杆在推动切割刀、推钉块、推钉滑板和吻合钉之前的放大外观立体图;
图9是表示图1的执行头内的滑杆在推动切割刀、推钉块、推钉滑板和吻合钉时的放大外观立体图;
图10是表示图1的链条关节上的套管被移去后链条关节未转动时链条关节、延伸管和执行头的局部放大外观立体图;
图11是表示图10的链条关节逆时针转动90°时链条关节、延伸管和执行头的局部放大外观立体图;
图12是表示图10的链条关节顺时针转动90°时链条关节、延伸管和执行头的局部放大外观立体图;
图13是表示图1的链条关节上的套管、执行头和延伸管被移去后链条关节未转动时链条关节和滑杆及其附件的局部放大外观立体图;
图14是表示图13的链条关节和滑杆及其附件的背面的局部放大外观立体图;
图15是表示图13的链条关节转动时链条关节和滑杆及其附件的局部放大外观立体图;
图16是表示图15的链条关节和滑杆及其附件的背面的局部放大外观立体图;
图17是表示链条关节中的带双销孔的链板的放大外观立体图;
图18是表示链条关节中的销轴的放大外观立体图;
图19是表示链条关节中的带单销孔和单销轴的链板的放大外观立体图;
图20是表示链条关节中的带双销轴的链板的放大外观立体图;
图21是表示图1的另一种链条关节和滑杆及其附件的局部放大外观立体图。
具体实施方法
下面用举例方式,结合附图陈述本发明的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器的最佳实施例。本发明的范围将在权利要求中指出。应当认识到某些或全部附图都是为了说明本发明的最佳实施例的说明简图,而并未描绘出所示部分的真实尺寸。参考最佳实施例的详细叙述,将会更加清楚地理解达到本发明上述的和其它的目的和优点的实际方式。
为了突出链条关节的图形及其说明,除了腔镜外科切割吻合器的链式关节和执行头以外,在附图中对其他零部件不作详细介绍。有关各种腔镜外科切割吻合器的其他零部件的结构、安装、用途和动作过程可参考本说明书中引用的美国专利。
在附图和下面的描述中,术语“近端”是指腔镜外科切割吻合器靠近操作者的一端,而术语“远端”是指腔镜外科切割吻合器远离操作者的一端。“一端”既可以是端面,也可以是端部。其他方向性术语可根据附图和下面的描述来理解。
下面结合图1至图18对本发明实施例的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器的各零部件进行描述,说明各零部件的具体实施方案。
如图1至图9所示,腔镜外科切割吻合器1由执行头2、链条关节3、延伸管4、吻合器身5和操作机构6组成。操作机构6位于吻合器身5处,经过延伸管4内腔控制执行头2动作(在吻合器身5和延伸管4内的部分操作机构6未显示,可参考本说明书中引用的美国专利)。执行头2、链条关节3、延伸管4、吻合器身5依次顺序相连。执行头2由执行架7、滑杆8、钉仓9和钉砧10组成。在执行架7上安装滑杆8、钉仓9和钉砧10。钉仓9由钉仓壳11、推钉块12、推钉滑板13和吻合钉14组成。钉仓壳11内有钉槽15、推钉孔16、滑板槽17和推刀槽18。吻合钉14安装在钉槽15内。推钉块12安装在推钉孔16内。推钉滑板13安装在滑板槽17内。钉仓壳11的钉槽15和推钉孔16排列在推刀槽18的两侧各排列三排。钉砧10的端面上有与钉仓9内的吻合钉14位置对应的吻合钉成形槽19和与钉仓壳11内的推刀槽18位置对应的切割槽20。钉砧10的吻合钉成形槽19相应在钉砧10的切割槽20的两侧各排列三排。钉砧10与执行架7枢轴连接。执行头2上有颈圈21、链条关节3上有套管22。钉仓壳11的推刀槽18内安装有切割刀23。当滑杆8从钉仓壳11的近端处向远端处移动时,滑杆8推动切割刀23和推钉滑板13在钉仓壳11的推刀槽18内移动。推钉滑板13依靠斜面推动推钉块12在推钉孔16内移动时将吻合钉14从钉槽15内推出。
如图10至图18所示,链条关节3由链板24和销轴25组成。链板24上有销孔26。销轴25分别***各个链板24的销孔26,使链板24枢轴连接成交错排列的两列27和28。链条关节3的最近端的链板29的近端由操作机构6驱动、远端有齿牙30。链条关节3的最远端的链板31的远端通过销轴32与执行头2枢轴连接。链条关节3的次最近端的链板33的两端分别有齿牙34和35。同列相邻的链板的齿牙相互啮合。链条关节3的最近端的链板29的近端通过销轴36与延伸管4枢轴连接。延伸管4的远端处有齿牙37。执行头2的近端处有齿牙38。链条关节3的次最近端的链板33的近端的齿牙34与延伸管4的远端处的齿牙37相互啮合,链板33的远端的齿牙35与执行头2的近端处的齿牙38相互啮合。各链板24上的齿牙为齿轮的轮齿。
操作机构6在延伸管4的远端处有相互啮合的齿条39和齿轮40。链条关节3的最近端的链板29的近端有齿轮的轮齿41。齿轮40与链板29的轮齿41相互啮合。操作机构6通过齿条39驱动齿轮40,带动链条关节3的最近端的链板29的近端的轮齿41转动。链板33在链板29的销轴42的带动下和延伸管4的远端处的齿牙37与链板33的齿牙34的啮合传动的双重作用下,将链板29的转角叠加传递成链板33的转角。链板31在链板33的销轴43的带动下和链板29的齿牙30与链板31的齿牙44的啮合传动的双重作用下,再将链板33的转角叠加传递成链板31的转角。执行头2在链板31的销轴32的带动下和链板33的齿牙35与执行头2的齿牙38的啮合传动的双重作用下,进一步将链板31的转角叠加传递成执行头2的转角。这样,当操作机构6控制执行头2关节动作时,通过同列相邻的链板的齿牙相互啮合的传动,使得操作机构6在延伸管4的远端处的传动,将链条关节3的最近端的链板29的转角,经过4级叠加传递到执行头2,执行头2即可获得相当于链板29的转角的4倍的转角。
链板24上有从链条关节3的近端延伸到远端的槽62。销轴25上有从链条关节3的近端延伸到远端的槽45。链板24上的槽62和销轴25上的槽45组成链条关节3上从近端延伸到远端的工作通道。滑杆8穿入链板24的槽62内和销轴25的槽45内。
如图8至图18所示,滑杆8由联在一起的滑架46和推板47组成。推板47由叠在一起的两片薄板48组成。滑杆8中间有从近端延伸到远端的槽49。链条关节3的带有齿牙的部位50插在滑杆8的槽49内,使得滑杆8被约束在链条关节3的工作通道内移动和伴随着链条关节3的转动而弯曲,同时,在滑杆8的槽49的约束作用下,防止链条关节3的链板24与销轴25相互脱离。
如图19所示,另一种实施例的链板51一端有销孔52、另一端固定有销轴53。各个链板51上固定的销轴53***另一个链板的销孔52,使链板51枢轴连接成交错排列的两列。
如图20所示,再一种实施例的链板54两端固定有销轴55。链板54上固定的销轴55分别***链板24的销孔25内,使链板54与链板24枢轴连接成交错排列的两列。
如图21所示,链条关节56的最近端的链板57的近端有齿牙58。操作机构6通过齿条59驱动链条关节56的最近端的链板57的近端的齿牙58转动。当操作机构6控制执行头2关节动作时,通过同列相邻的链板的齿牙相互啮合的传动,将操作机构6在延伸管4的远端处的传动通过链条关节56的最近端的链板57的转角逐级叠加传递到执行头2的过程与图10至图18中介绍的相似。滑杆60的单层薄板61随着链条关节56向两侧转动而向两侧弯曲变形。
根据上述详细介绍可知,本发明的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器具有如下技术效果:
腔镜外科切割吻合器在腹腔镜外科和胸腔镜外科中使用时,先将执行头通过内径为12mm至13mm的穿刺针孔进入人体内腔,再控制执行头轴向旋转和关节转动以便对准待切割吻合组织,然后通过执行头的钉砧和钉仓夹持、夹紧和松开待切割吻合组织,以便完成吻合组织和切割组织的手术目的。在使用腔镜外科切割吻合器时,如果无法将执行头对准待切割吻合组织,则执行头无法将待切割吻合组织夹持在执行头的钉砧与钉仓之间,更无法执行切割吻合操作。
现有的腔镜外科切割吻合器,采用执行头与延伸管之间销轴连接,滑杆由叠在一起的薄板组成,通过从延伸管伸出、套在执行头上的拉杆拉动执行头,控制执行头相对延伸管绕销轴作关节转动,滑杆的薄板随着关节向两侧转动而向两侧弯曲变形。这种式样的腔镜外科切割吻合器的令人不满意处是,执行头在销轴的约束下仅能相对延伸管绕销轴作关节转动;当滑杆弯曲的角度较小时,滑杆在关节的内部空间内的弯曲变形可以形成较大的曲率半径;但是,当滑杆弯曲的角度较大时,受关节的内部空间的约束,滑杆在关节的内部空间内的弯曲变形绕销轴形成很小的曲率半径,因此,关节转动的角度仅可达到40°。由于腔镜外科切割吻合器受到穿刺针内孔的约束,因此,当执行头的枢轴关节转动的角度仅可达到40°时,存在大量的执行头夹持组织的死角,难以将执行头准确对准待切割吻合部位,此时,需要使用另一外科器械通过另一穿刺针孔进入人体内腔,将待切割吻合组织夹持到执行头的钉砧与钉仓之间。这一方面要在人体上增加一个穿刺针,另一方面要增加一项难操作的手术步骤,并且某些待切割吻合组织被牵拉时会造成组织损伤,即使可被牵拉也难以将组织的待切割吻合部位准确地夹持到执行头的钉砧与钉仓之间。这种式样的腔镜外科切割吻合器的另一令人不满意处是,当滑杆弯曲的曲率半径很小时,滑杆内层薄板的曲率半径显著小于外层薄板的曲率半径,使得滑杆的内外层薄板之间产生显著的位移,造成操作机构的作用力集中在内层薄板上,显著减少滑杆传递操作机构的作用力到执行头的能力,从而影响执行头执行夹持、夹紧、切割和吻合组织的能力,另外,由于滑杆弯曲的曲率半径很小,形成滑杆很大的反弹力,既增加了滑杆移动的阻力,又影响关节转动后的定位。因此,现有的腔镜外科切割吻合器的关节结构还需改进。
本发明的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器1的操作机构6在延伸管4的远端处有相互啮合的齿条39和齿轮40。链条关节3的最近端的链板29的近端有齿轮的轮齿41。齿轮40与链板29的轮齿41相互啮合。操作机构6通过齿条39驱动齿轮40,带动链条关节3的最近端的链板29的近端的轮齿41转动。链板33在链板29的销轴42的带动下和延伸管4的远端处的齿牙37与链板33的齿牙34的啮合传动的双重作用下,将链板29的转角叠加传递成链板33的转角。链板31在链板33的销轴43的带动下和链板29的齿牙30与链板31的齿牙44的啮合传动的双重作用下,再将链板33的转角叠加传递成链板31的转角。执行头2在链板31的销轴32的带动下和链板33的齿牙35与执行头2的齿牙38的啮合传动的双重作用下,进一步将链板31的转角叠加传递成执行头2的转角。这样,当操作机构6控制执行头2关节动作时,通过同列相邻的链板的齿牙相互啮合的传动,使得操作机构6在延伸管4的远端处的传动,将链条关节3的最近端的链板29的转角,经过若干级叠加传递到执行头2,执行头2即可获得相当于链板29的转角的若干倍的转角,从而达到链条关节转动后的精确定位,便于将执行头精确对准待切割吻合部位的技术效果。另一方面,由于链条关节可由多级链板组成,因此当执行头转动时,链条关节弯曲的曲率半径显著大于现有的单枢轴关节转动的曲率半径,使得关节内滑杆弯曲变形的曲率半径也大增,从而达到即使在执行头处于大转角的状态下,滑杆的内外层薄板之间的位移也很小,操作机构通过滑杆传递到执行头的作用力也损耗很小的技术效果。
与现有的各种腔镜外科切割吻合器相比较,本发明的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器以操作机构较小的传动即可获得执行头90°左右的转角,便于将执行头精确对准待切割吻合部位,并且操作机构通过滑杆传递到执行头的作用力也损耗很小。
于是可以看出,上述所陈述的目标,包括由前面说明所显示的那些目标被有效地达到了。这里所述的仅仅是本发明申请的典型的最佳实施形式,可以对上述结构作某些变化也不违背本发明的精神和范围。本发明不局限或被限止于这里所陈述的具体细节,而应保留对所属领域中等技术人员来说是显而易见的任何改进或改型。

Claims (10)

1.一种带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其组成部分包括:执行头、关节、延伸管、吻合器身和操作机构;所述操作机构位于所述吻合器身处,操作机构经过所述延伸管内腔控制执行头动作;所述执行头、关节、延伸管、吻合器身依次顺序相连;执行头由执行架、滑杆、钉仓和钉砧组成,在所述执行架上安装所述滑杆、钉仓和钉砧,钉仓由钉仓壳、推钉块、推钉滑板和吻合钉组成,所述钉仓壳内有钉槽、推钉孔、滑板槽和推刀槽,所述吻合钉安装在所述钉槽内,所述推钉块安装在所述推钉孔内,所述推钉滑板安装在所述滑板槽内,钉仓壳的钉槽和推钉孔排列在推刀槽的两侧,所述钉砧的端面上有与钉仓内的吻合钉位置对应的吻合钉成形槽和与钉仓壳内的推刀槽位置对应的切割槽;
其特征在于:所述关节由链条关节组成,所述链条关节由链板和销轴组成,链条关节上有从近端延伸到远端的工作通道,所述滑杆贯穿所述链条关节的工作通道执行所述操作机构的动作,所述链板由所述销轴枢轴连接成交错排列的两列,链条关节的最近端的链板的近端由所述操作机构驱动、远端有齿牙,链条关节的其他链板的两端有齿牙,同列相邻的链板的齿牙相互啮合,链条关节的最近端的链板的近端与所述延伸管枢轴连接,链条关节的最远端的链板的远端与所述执行头枢轴连接,延伸管的远端有齿牙,链条关节的次最近端的链板的近端的齿牙与所述延伸管的远端的齿牙相互啮合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其特征是,所述链板上的齿牙为固定在链板上的齿轮的轮齿。
3.根据权利要求1所述的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其特征是,所述操作机构在所述延伸管的远端处有齿条,所述链条关节的最近端的链板的近端有齿牙,操作机构通过所述齿条驱动所述链条关节的最近端的链板的近端的齿牙转动。
4.根据权利要求1所述的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其特征是,所述操作机构在所述延伸管的远端处有齿轮,所述链条关节的最近端的链板的近端有齿轮的轮齿,操作机构通过所述齿轮驱动所述链条关节的最近端的链板的近端的齿轮的轮齿转动。
5.根据权利要求1所述的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其特征是,所述链板上有从所述链条关节的近端延伸到远端的槽,所述销轴上有从所述链条关节的近端延伸到远端的槽,所述链板上的槽和所述销轴上的槽组成所述链条关节上从近端延伸到远端的工作通道。
6.根据权利要求1所述的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其特征是,所述滑杆中间有从近端延伸到远端的槽,所述链条关节的带有齿牙的部位插在所述滑杆的槽内,使得滑杆被约束在链条关节的工作通道内移动和伴随着链条关节的转动而弯曲,同时,在滑杆的槽的约束作用下,防止链条关节的链板和销轴相互脱离。
7.根据权利要求1所述的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其特征是,所述链板的两端上有销孔,所述销轴分别***各个所述链板的销孔,使链板枢轴连接成交错排列的两列。
8.根据权利要求1所述的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其特征是,所述链板上一端有销孔、另一端固定有所述销轴,各个所述链板上固定的销轴***另一个链板的销孔,使链板枢轴连接成交错排列的两列。
9.根据权利要求1所述的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其特征是,所述一部分链板的两端上有销孔,另一部分链板的两端上固定有所述销轴,各个所述带有销轴的链板上的销轴***各个所述带有销孔的链板上的销孔,使链板枢轴连接成交错排列的两列。
10.根据权利要求1所述的带有链条关节的腔镜外科切割吻合器,其特征是,所述滑杆由联在一起的滑架和推板组成,所述推板采用超弹性Ti-Ni合金的薄板制成。
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