CN102322294B - Comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, which includes the following steps: (1) long-distance detection; (2) geological radar detection: on the basis of the long-distance detection, adopting a geological radar to review a long-distance prediction result within a short-distance detection range; (3) adopting a horizontal protruded drill hole to carry out direct detection according to a review result; and (4) supplementary protruded blasthole detection: when a direct detection result is that a geologically abnormal body exists in the current tunneling construction area, a protruded blasthole needs to be adopted to carry out supplementary detection, and a supplementary detection result is used as supplementary detection data for the direct horizontal protruded drill hole detection result. The design of the comprehensive geological prediction method is rational, the comprehensive geological prediction method is easy and convenient to operate, and is highly operable, moreover, the mutual relation among a variety of chosen prediction methods is clear, the comprehensive detection effect is good, and the invention provides a systematic, rational and standard comprehensive prediction method for karst tunnel construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tunnel working geology prediction methods, especially relate to a kind of comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction.
Background technology
Karst Problem is a great trouble of Tunnel Engineering, and karst is mainly manifested in tunnel perimeter distortion, destabilization problems to the Effects on Engineering in tunnel, usually causes local avalanche in tunnel excavation, falls piece and falling rocks; One of major project impact that karst water burst is also karst on tunnel on the other hand, it not only affects construction safety, and directly jeopardizes the safety of personnel and plant equipment, in China western part and the tunnel built, southwest tend to run into Karst Problem.Karst area general characteristic is topographic relief, easily form ponding basin at low-lying place, the long corrosion of surface water, erosion have formed different karst depression or trough valley, surface water constantly transfers underground water to enrichment in rock mass, and the iterative cycles of surface water and underground water has formed the karst such as swallow hole, funnel.Underground water in karst near lower water system find excretion outlet to reduce potential energy, what determine groundwater flow approach is the attitude of rocks, fold, tomography, joint etc.Therefore form the main geologic feature in karst area according to the combinations such as infiltration area karst depression, trough valley, swallow hole, underground river and corresponding tectonic structure.When practice of construction, because surface water is larger on water burst impact in tunnel, and vcehicular tunnel is higher to the requirement of percolating water, thus anti-draining adopt take " anti-, row " as main, the comprehensive control measures that " anti-, row, stifled, cut " combines.Thereby the difficulty of construction in tunnel, karst area is very large.
Should be positioned at Enshi State of Hubei Province gingko dam in ten thousand railway dragon unicorn official tunnels, belong to karst landform, the stratum of Tunnel Passing is mainly thick in Cambrian system light gray～thick-layer shape limestone, dolomitic limestone, local folder lamelliform argillaceous dolomite, joint and corrosion fissure are grown, karst and karst water distributed pole are many, and karst is the main geologic harm of imperial unicorn official constructing tunnel, and the prediction of karst, safety disclose and processes is the key of constructing tunnel.Dragon unicorn official tunnel is located near gingko dam town, enshi city, is positioned at suitable ten thousand railway DK229+094-DK232+514 sections, is double track tunnel.Tunnel total length 3420m, maximum buried depth 328m, line design is that 15.9 ‰ one sides go up a slope, tunnel surrounding is medium bed～thick-layer shape limestone of uniting on Cambrian system.Karst intense development in engineering region, karst depression, swallow hole, the Karst Features such as funnel are common, the molten chamber of underground growth, fluid bowl and underground river, gingko dam system, construction geology outstanding problem, but because tunnel is positioned at vertical vadose zone, so be mainly dry molten chamber, big and small 40 many places, molten chamber in work progress, are disclosed, its middle outlet has typical super-huge dry molten chamber, two places, its scale is big is that railway is rarely seen in history, and complex shape, rock crusher, developmental joint fissure, construction safety and operation security are very risky, it is very big that difficulty of construction is processed in molten chamber.
In practice of construction process, according to design geologic information and the geologic examination to Tunnel Engineering district, and show that through comprehensive analysis the Main Engineering Geological Problems of construction area is karst and karst water, the disaster that it causes may have water burst, prominent mud, caves in, roof fall etc.Should carry out Advance geological prediction and forecast in order to overcome geologic risk, take in time appropriate working measure according to prediction result, avoid risk.
At present, in constructing tunnel, the main length that adopts is apart from Advance geological prediction and forecast methods such as TSP203, geological radar, horizontal protruded drill hole, mapping, leading big gun hole, infrared spy water, although above-mentioned every Advance geological prediction and forecast method all comparative maturity but cuts both ways, every Advance geological prediction and forecast method has certain limitation, single use all can not accurate forecast front geological state, but sum up and show that above-mentioned Advance geological prediction and forecast method can complement each other each other, checking mutually by continuous analysis.Thereby, in constructing tunnel, should adopt comprehensive geology prediction methods, according to different geological conditions, adopt at least two or more detection means to survey, then multiple result of detection is comprehensively analyzed, drawn and predict the outcome the most reliably, with guiding construction.
Nowadays, carry out in constructing tunnel in karst area, mostly all adopt comprehensive geology prediction methods.But, actual while carrying out Advance geological prediction and forecast, the comprehensive geology prediction methods that each unit in charge of construction selects is different, in practice of construction, should adopt simultaneously which plant Advance geological prediction and forecast method, should take which kind of prediction methods as the mutual relationship between main, selected multiple prediction methods as how all do not formed a system, rationally and the construction reference foundation of standard.Thereby in practice of construction, often occur that selected Advance geological prediction and forecast method is improper, can not carry out accurately and timely prediction to Karst Problem, need repeated multiple times checking, in work progress because ground prediction reason inevitably there will be the multiple practical problemss such as geological problem, cause the construction period to incur loss through delay simultaneously, input cost strengthens, dangerous coefficient is high, the large construction problem that waits of construction safety risk, especially concerning such as should ten thousand this type of construction area complicated geology in railways dragon unicorn official tunnels and the large constructing tunnel of difficulty of construction, existing comprehensive geology prediction methods can not meet practice of construction demand especially.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction is provided, clear and definite, the comprehensive Effect on Detecting of its mutual relationship reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle, workable and selected multiple prediction methods is good, for Karst Tunnel construction provides a system, rationally and the comprehensive prediction methods of standard.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, long distance measurement: in set of tunneling construction process, adopt conventional length apart from advanced geology prediction system, several times institute's construction tunnel whole process is grown to range prediction forecast from front to back, and the long range prediction forecast result of synchronous recording; And grow range prediction at every turn and give the correct time in advance, all adopt described length apart from advanced geology prediction system to the long distance measurement of the geological state of front of tunnel heading;
Described length is the long distance measurement region within the scope of front of tunnel heading 100m～150m apart from the investigative range of advanced geology prediction system;
Step 2, geologic radar detection: in set of tunneling construction process, for any the long distance measurement region after length described in step 1 is surveyed apart from advanced geology prediction system, on the basis of long distance measurement, also need to adopt geological radar and every 30m ± 5m, the geological state of front of tunnel heading carried out once to closely prediction, and synchronous recording geological radar prediction result; Meanwhile, according to recorded geological radar prediction result, the long range prediction forecast result described in step 1 is checked, and synchronous recording is checked result;
The investigative range of described geological radar is the proximity detection region in front of tunnel heading 30m ± 5m, and described in check result and comprise the locus that whether has geologic anomaly body and existing geologic anomaly body in described proximity detection region;
Step 3, horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection: in set of tunneling construction process, for any the proximity detection region after geologic radar detection described in step 2, also need according to the result of checking recording in step 2, and the prediction methods of horizontal protruded drill hole is carried out direct detection routinely, and synchronous recording direct detection result; Actual while carrying out direct detection, adopt horizontal drilling equipment on face, to drill through the horizontal drilling that the degree of depth is 30m ± 5m, and the front and back lap of splice being drilled through between horizontal drilling in the direct detection of twice of front and back is not less than 5m;
Actual while carrying out direct detection, when checking result when not there is not geologic anomaly body described in step 2, adopt horizontal drilling equipment to drill through a horizontal drilling at face middle part;
When checking result when there is geologic anomaly body described in step 2, when face middle part drills through a horizontal drilling, also need to drill through the corresponding horizontal drilling in locus of multiple geologic anomaly bodies that go out with prediction, and spacing between adjacent two described horizontal drillings is not less than 30m;
Step 4, leading big gun hole supplement and survey: in set of tunneling construction process, according to the tunnel piercing cyclic advance of design in advance, and Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction method routinely carries out tunneling construction;
In actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation, direct detection result to current institute's tunneling construction region in integrating step three, determine whether to supplement detection: in the time that the result of direct detection described in step 3 exists geologic anomaly body for current institute's tunneling construction region, need supplement detection, and will supplement the supplementary detection data of result of detection as the result of direct detection described in step 3; Otherwise, do not need to supplement detection;
Actual supplementing while detection in step 4, adopt boring apparatus on face, drill through multiple be level to lay and the degree of depth to be 5m～10m add deep blasting hole, and survey according to the prediction methods of conventional horizontal protruded drill hole.
Above-mentioned comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, is characterized in that: the length described in step 1 is TSP203 advanced geology prediction system apart from advanced geology prediction system; And in set of tunneling construction process, adopt TSP203 advanced geology prediction system, every 100m～150m, the geological state of front of tunnel heading is carried out to vice-minister's range prediction forecast, and the long range prediction forecast result of synchronous recording.
Above-mentioned comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, it is characterized in that: when in the geological radar prediction result described in the long range prediction forecast result described in step 1 and step 2, all do not find that front of tunnel heading geological radar surveys while there is geologic anomaly body in short range, check result for not there is not geologic anomaly body described in; When the geological radar prediction result described in the long range prediction forecast result described in step 1 and/or step 2, find that front of tunnel heading geological radar surveys while there is geologic anomaly body in short range, check result for there is geologic anomaly body described in.
Above-mentioned comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, is characterized in that: the horizontal drilling equipment described in step 3 is horizontal drill or down-hole drill.
Above-mentioned comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, is characterized in that: described down-hole drill is MKD-5 type down-hole drill or WEP100 type down-hole drill.
Above-mentioned comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, it is characterized in that: the multiple leading big gun hole described in step 4 drill through position, corresponding to the locus of the geologic anomaly body recording in the direct detection result in current institute's tunneling construction region with step 3.
Above-mentioned comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, is characterized in that: the quantity in the hole of leading big gun described in step 4 is 3～5.
Above-mentioned comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, is characterized in that: the degree of depth in the hole of leading big gun described in step 4 is 5m～6m.
Above-mentioned comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, it is characterized in that: in the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation described in step 4, while drilling through described leading big gun hole, in the time drilling through the big gun hole that Smooth Blasting Construction uses, synchronously drill through.
Above-mentioned comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, is characterized in that: in the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation described in step 4, also need to carry out mapping; And carry out mapping in the Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction of each circulation time, complete and after scarfing cinder finishes, according to conventional mapping method, near geological state face carried out to mapping in smooth[-surface, and synchronous recording mapping result.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, the mutual relationship of selected multiple prediction methods result of detection clear and definite and reasonable in design, various detection methods complements one another, and the linking between each step arranges appropriate.When actual detection, first adopt the long distance measurement of TSP203 advanced geology prediction system, adopt afterwards geological radar in short range, long distance measurement result to be checked, and the check result of geological radar in short range is only Geological Prediction reference data, in set of tunneling construction process, also need according to checking result and adopting advanced levels inspecting hole to carry out direct detection, simultaneously also need to carry out leading big gun hole in direct detection result when there is geologic anomaly body and supplement detection, supplement result of detection effectively supplementing as advanced levels inspecting hole direct detection result using leading big gun hole.In addition, in actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation, also can specifically need to carry out mapping according to reality.
2, actual while carrying out advanced levels inspecting hole direct detection, according to geological radar result of checking to long distance measurement result in short range, determine the quantity of the advanced levels inspecting hole that adopts: when checking result when not there is not geologic anomaly body, need in the middle part of face, drill through a horizontal drilling; And when checking result when there is geologic anomaly body, when face middle part drills through a horizontal drilling, also need to drill through the corresponding horizontal drilling in locus of multiple geologic anomaly bodies that go out with prediction, and spacing between adjacent two described horizontal drillings is not less than 30m.Like this, the practical operation operability of getting up is very strong, and determines the quantity that need drill through horizontal protruded drill hole according to checking result, only need drill through a horizontal drilling at face middle part when not there is not geologic anomaly body checking result.
3, comprehensive detection method practical operation is easy and workable, actually only need carry out comprehensive detection according to detection method of the present invention while carrying out prediction, specifically: first adopt geological radar in short range, long distance measurement result to be checked, carry out horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection according to checking result again, and also needing to carry out leading big gun hole when there is geologic anomaly body and supplement and survey checking result, in set of tunneling construction process, specifically need to carry out mapping according to reality simultaneously, to check like this result as indirect detection data, using horizontal protruded drill hole result of detection as main direct detection result, and supplement result of detection effectively supplementing as horizontal protruded drill hole result of detection using leading big gun hole, comprehensive above-mentioned all result of detections can be constructing tunnel provides a system, rationally and the construction reference foundation of standard.Thereby, in actual prediction process, without determining in advance again which the kind Forecasting Methodology that need select, whether selected Forecasting Methodology is appropriate, mutual relationship between selected multiple Forecasting Methodology is as how, thereby greatly simplify existing comprehensive prediction process, can effectively solve the selected Advance geological prediction and forecast method existing in nowadays Karst Tunnel construction improper simultaneously, can not carry out accurately and timely prediction to Karst Problem, need repeated multiple times checking, because causing occurring geological problem, ground prediction reason affects the practical problemss such as tunnel normal construction.
4, comprehensive Effect on Detecting is good, can make full use of the advantage of various detection methods, use simultaneously, comprehensive judgement accurate forecast front geological situation, for tunnel smooth construction provides strong support, and overcome construction risk, especially, concerning this type of construction area complicated geology such as should ten thousand railways dragon unicorn official tunnels and the large constructing tunnel of difficulty of construction, the present invention can meet practice of construction demand.
In sum, the present invention is reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle, mutual relationship workable and selected multiple prediction methods is clear and definite, comprehensive Effect on Detecting is good, for Karst Tunnel construction provides a system, rationally and the comprehensive prediction methods of standard, can effectively solve the selected Advance geological prediction and forecast method existing in nowadays Karst Tunnel construction improper, can not carry out accurately and timely prediction to Karst Problem, need repeated multiple times checking, in work progress because ground prediction reason inevitably there will be the multiple practical problemss such as geological problem.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is comprehensive geology prediction methods FB(flow block) of the present invention.
Embodiment
A kind of comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction as shown in Figure 1, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, long distance measurement: in set of tunneling construction process, adopt conventional length apart from advanced geology prediction system, several times institute's construction tunnel whole process is grown to range prediction forecast from front to back, and the long range prediction forecast result of synchronous recording; And grow range prediction at every turn and give the correct time in advance, all adopt described length apart from advanced geology prediction system to the long distance measurement of the geological state of front of tunnel heading.
Described length is the long distance measurement region within the scope of front of tunnel heading 100m～150m apart from the investigative range of advanced geology prediction system.
In the present embodiment, described length is TSP203 advanced geology prediction system apart from advanced geology prediction system; And in set of tunneling construction process, adopt TSP203 advanced geology prediction system, every 100m～150m, the geological state of front of tunnel heading is carried out to vice-minister's range prediction forecast, and the long range prediction forecast result of synchronous recording.The TSP203 advanced geology prediction system adopting is specially the TSP203 tunnel geology advanced prediction forecast system that Amberg company of Switzerland produces, when actual detection and on face, survey, the main detection mission of TSP203 advanced geology prediction system is: forward probe formation lithology, soft layer position; Position, the width etc. of forward probe fault belt; The position of forward probe Cave, filling situation; Forecast the particular location of rich water band.
TSP203 advanced geology prediction system is a kind of detection system designing for tunnel geology advanced prediction specially, in construction, extensively adopt, but to take into full account its boundary condition in application, being detected thing has the enough so that interface of seismic reflection, and the normal at this interface and the less effect of the angle in tunnel better; When Detection of Karst, karst should have certain extension and form interface, otherwise Effect on Detecting is bad; In addition, Effect on Detecting is also relevant with the developmental condition in fluid bowl, cave; The resolution of surveying and the degree of depth of detection are inversely proportional to, and are directly proportional to the volume of surveying object, and physical prospecting is referred to as footpath, hole ratio, i.e. investigation depth and the diameter ratio that is detected thing, and footpath, general hole ratio is greater than at 20 o'clock, and resolution seriously reduces.
Step 2, geologic radar detection: in set of tunneling construction process, for any the long distance measurement region after length described in step 1 is surveyed apart from advanced geology prediction system, on the basis of long distance measurement, also need to adopt geological radar and every 30m ± 5m, the geological state of front of tunnel heading carried out once to closely prediction, and synchronous recording geological radar prediction result; Meanwhile, according to recorded geological radar prediction result, the long range prediction forecast result described in step 1 is checked, and synchronous recording is checked result.
The investigative range of described geological radar is the proximity detection region in front of tunnel heading 30m ± 5m, and described in check result and comprise the locus that whether has geologic anomaly body and existing geologic anomaly body in described proximity detection region.
In actual detection process, when in the geological radar prediction result described in the long range prediction forecast result described in step 1 and step 2, all do not find that front of tunnel heading geological radar surveys while there is geologic anomaly body in short range, check result for not there is not geologic anomaly body described in; When the geological radar prediction result described in the long range prediction forecast result described in step 1 and/or step 2, find that front of tunnel heading geological radar surveys while there is geologic anomaly body in short range, check result for there is geologic anomaly body described in.
In the present embodiment, in the time that face adopts geological radar to survey, the detection range of geological radar is 30m, the main task of surveying is: the long distance measurement result of checking TSP203 advanced geology prediction system in short distance, and 30m is further surveyed with interior exceptions area, further clear and definite with the developmental morphology to Cave and position.When practice of construction, the geological radar adopting is the RAMAC/GPR geological radar of MALA company of Sweden, and adopts the non-screened shielded antanna of 50MHz to survey, and the data of collection are carried out interpretation after REFLEXW software is processed.The advantages such as when actual use, that geologic radar detection has is easy and simple to handle, survey fast, result of detection is accurate, but investigative range is little, owing to adopting non-screened shielded antanna, so be subject to environmental interference larger.
Step 3, horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection: in set of tunneling construction process, for any the proximity detection region after geologic radar detection described in step 2, also need according to the result of checking recording in step 2, and the prediction methods of horizontal protruded drill hole is carried out direct detection routinely, and synchronous recording direct detection result; Actual while carrying out direct detection, adopt horizontal drilling equipment on face, to drill through the horizontal drilling that the degree of depth is 30m+5m, and the front and back lap of splice being drilled through between horizontal drilling in the direct detection of twice of front and back is not less than 5m.
Actual while carrying out direct detection, when checking result when not there is not geologic anomaly body described in step 2, adopt horizontal drilling equipment to drill through a horizontal drilling at face middle part.
When checking result when there is geologic anomaly body described in step 2, when face middle part drills through a horizontal drilling, also need to drill through the corresponding horizontal drilling in locus of multiple geologic anomaly bodies that go out with prediction, and spacing between adjacent two described horizontal drillings is not less than 30m.
To sum up, in the present embodiment, while carrying out direct detection, in the middle of face, water flat drill bores the leading inspecting hole (described horizontal drilling) of a hole depth 30m; Distance measurement as long in TSP203 advanced geology prediction system or or while finding to have geologic anomaly body when geological radar proximity detection (checking result when there is geologic anomaly body described in step 2), the horizontal drilling that drilled through is no less than three holes, one of them horizontal drilling is laid in face middle part, the installation position of all the other horizontal drillings is corresponding with the locus of surveying the geologic anomaly body of finding, and in multiple horizontal drillings of now drilling through, the spacing between adjacent two horizontal drillings is no less than 30m.
When actual boring, described horizontal drilling equipment is horizontal drill or down-hole drill.In the present embodiment, described down-hole drill is MKD-5 type down-hole drill or WEP100 type down-hole drill.
In actual detection process, horizontal protruded drill hole can be understood country rock situation, the developmental state of karst etc. of front of tunnel heading more specifically, more accurately, and the Serious geological disasters such as gushing water, prominent mud can be forecast timely and accurately, takes in time counter-measure.Though horizontal protruded drill hole is " a peephole view " only, directly perceived, accurately, be the important and reliable means of Geological Advanced Prediction, should omnidistance use in tunnel piercing, and whenever in face the residue hole depth of horizontal drilling be all no less than 5m, to guarantee safety.But the shortcoming of horizontal protruded drill hole is that scope is relatively little, workload is larger, takies the working time longer, in construction, should use with TSP203 advanced geology prediction system and geological radar simultaneously.
While adopting horizontal protruded drill hole to carry out actual detection, the prediction methods of horizontal protruded drill hole is carried out direct detection routinely, specifically: according to the rock dust in drilled through core and drilling process, drilling speed and water quality situation, judge the front hydrology, geologic condition; After core-drilling, utilize core to test as sample, the geology state creeping into is judged; While carrying out drilling speed test, the relation between drill speed and rock character according to horizontal drilling equipment in rock judges.
Step 4, leading big gun hole supplement and survey: in set of tunneling construction process, according to the tunnel piercing cyclic advance of design in advance, and Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction method routinely carries out tunneling construction.
In actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation, direct detection result to current institute's tunneling construction region in integrating step three, determine whether to supplement detection: in the time that the result of direct detection described in step 3 exists geologic anomaly body for current institute's tunneling construction region, need supplement detection, and will supplement the supplementary detection data of result of detection as the result of direct detection described in step 3.Otherwise, do not need to supplement detection.
Actual supplementing while detection in step 4, adopt boring apparatus on face, drill through multiple be level to lay and the degree of depth to be 5m～10m add deep blasting hole, and survey according to the prediction methods of conventional horizontal protruded drill hole.
In the present embodiment, the multiple leading big gun hole described in step 4 drill through position, corresponding to the locus of the geologic anomaly body recording in the direct detection result in current institute's tunneling construction region with step 3.The quantity in described leading big gun hole is 3～5, and the degree of depth in described leading big gun hole is 5m～6m.In actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation, while drilling through described leading big gun hole, in the time drilling through the big gun hole that Smooth Blasting Construction uses, synchronously drill through, and the aperture in described leading big gun hole is with to drill through Smooth Blasting Construction identical with the aperture in big gun hole, but the hole depth that drills through Smooth Blasting Construction big gun hole is 1.5m～2.5m.
To sum up, in actual detection process, the supplementary detection in leading big gun hole refers in the time that face bores big gun hole bores 3～5 elongated hole, and object is that the horizontal detection scope to horizontal protruded drill hole further expands in short distance, is effectively supplementing of horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection.
In the present embodiment, in the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation described in step 4, also need to carry out mapping; And carry out mapping in the Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction of each circulation time, complete and after scarfing cinder finishes, according to conventional mapping method, near geological state face carried out to mapping in smooth[-surface, and synchronous recording mapping result.Mapping is mainly the lithology near country rock face, the structure of rock stratum, occurrence, the developmental state at joint, the distribution situation of unfavorable geology etc. is described, by comparative analysis, sum up the Changing Pattern of country rock, thereby the geology in front is carried out to anticipation, the mapping result obtaining provides reference data for follow-up geological radar proximity detection and horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection.
Thereby in actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation, leading big gun hole supplements to survey carried out before drilling through Smooth Blasting Construction, specifically drills through leading big gun hole and carry out corresponding detection in drilling through Smooth Blasting Construction big gun hole; And complete and after scarfing cinder finishes in smooth[-surface, then near geological state face is carried out to mapping.
Simultaneously, in actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation, also can be according to actual needs, specifically according to step 1 to the comprehensive survey after surveying in step 4 found that may there is latent water content in front geological time also need to adopt conventional infrared spy water method whether to have latent water content to survey within the scope of front of tunnel heading 30m ± 5m or hole wall surrounding.And while adopting infrared spy water method to survey, in step 2, adopt geological radar to carry out carrying out in proximity detection.
To sum up, in the present embodiment, long distance measurement result, geological radar prediction result and the mapping result of TSP203 advanced geology prediction system are all as the anticipation to geology, its result need verify with horizontal protruded drill hole, and horizontal protruded drill hole is directly perceived, accurately, but investigative range is less, workload is large, and leading big gun hole is effectively supplementing of horizontal protruded drill hole, thereby the present invention is take horizontal protruded drill hole as main, and other means are the auxiliary Comprehensive forecasting that carries out.
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every any simple modification of above embodiment being done according to the technology of the present invention essence, change and equivalent structure change, and all still belong in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, long distance measurement: in set of tunneling construction process, adopt conventional length apart from advanced geology prediction system, several times institute's construction tunnel whole process is grown to range prediction forecast from front to back, and the long range prediction forecast result of synchronous recording; And grow range prediction at every turn and give the correct time in advance, all adopt described length apart from advanced geology prediction system to the long distance measurement of the geological state of front of tunnel heading;
Described length is the long distance measurement region within the scope of front of tunnel heading 100m～150m apart from the investigative range of advanced geology prediction system;
Step 2, geologic radar detection: in set of tunneling construction process, for any the long distance measurement region after length described in step 1 is surveyed apart from advanced geology prediction system, on the basis of long distance measurement, also need to adopt geological radar and every 30m ± 5m, the geological state of front of tunnel heading carried out once to closely prediction, and synchronous recording geological radar prediction result; Meanwhile, according to recorded geological radar prediction result, the long range prediction forecast result described in step 1 is checked, and synchronous recording is checked result;
The investigative range of described geological radar is the proximity detection region in front of tunnel heading 30m ± 5m, and described in check result and comprise the locus that whether has geologic anomaly body and existing geologic anomaly body in described proximity detection region;
When in the geological radar prediction result described in the long range prediction forecast result described in step 1 and step 2, all do not find that front of tunnel heading geological radar surveys while there is geologic anomaly body in short range, check result for not there is not geologic anomaly body described in; When the geological radar prediction result described in the long range prediction forecast result described in step 1 and/or step 2, find that front of tunnel heading geological radar surveys while there is geologic anomaly body in short range, check result for there is geologic anomaly body described in;
Step 3, horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection: in set of tunneling construction process, for any the proximity detection region after geologic radar detection described in step 2, also need according to the result of checking recording in step 2, and the prediction methods of horizontal protruded drill hole is carried out direct detection routinely, and synchronous recording direct detection result; Actual while carrying out direct detection, adopt horizontal drilling equipment on face, to drill through the horizontal drilling that the degree of depth is 30m ± 5m, and the front and back lap of splice being drilled through between horizontal drilling in the direct detection of twice of front and back is not less than 5m;
Actual while carrying out direct detection, when checking result when not there is not geologic anomaly body described in step 2, adopt horizontal drilling equipment to drill through a horizontal drilling at face middle part;
When checking result when there is geologic anomaly body described in step 2, when face middle part drills through a horizontal drilling, also need to drill through the corresponding horizontal drilling in locus of multiple geologic anomaly bodies that go out with prediction, and spacing between adjacent two described horizontal drillings is not less than 30m;
Step 4, leading big gun hole supplement and survey: in set of tunneling construction process, according to the tunnel piercing cyclic advance of design in advance, and Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction method routinely carries out tunneling construction;
In actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation, direct detection result to current institute's tunneling construction region in integrating step three, determine whether to supplement detection: in the time that the result of direct detection described in step 3 exists geologic anomaly body for current institute's tunneling construction region, need supplement detection, and will supplement the supplementary detection data of result of detection as the result of direct detection described in step 3; Otherwise, do not need to supplement detection;
Actual supplementing while detection in step 4, adopt boring apparatus on face, drill through multiple be level to lay and the degree of depth to be 5m～10m add deep blasting hole, and survey according to the prediction methods of conventional horizontal protruded drill hole.
2. according to comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the length described in step 1 is TSP203 advanced geology prediction system apart from advanced geology prediction system; And in set of tunneling construction process, adopt TSP203 advanced geology prediction system, every 100m～150m, the geological state of front of tunnel heading is carried out to vice-minister's range prediction forecast.
3. according to the comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the horizontal drilling equipment described in step 3 is horizontal drill or down-hole drill.
4. according to comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described down-hole drill is MKD-5 type down-hole drill or WEP100 type down-hole drill.
5. according to the comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the multiple leading big gun hole described in step 4 drill through position, corresponding to the locus of the geologic anomaly body recording in the direct detection result in current institute's tunneling construction region with step 3.
6. according to the comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the quantity in the hole of leading big gun described in step 4 is 3～5.
7. according to the comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the degree of depth in the hole of leading big gun described in step 4 is 5m～6m.
8. according to the comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: in the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation described in step 4, while drilling through described leading big gun hole, in the time drilling through the big gun hole that Smooth Blasting Construction uses, synchronously drill through.
9. according to the comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: in the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation described in step 4, also need to carry out mapping; And carry out mapping in the Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction of each circulation time, complete and after scarfing cinder finishes, according to conventional mapping method, near geological state face carried out to mapping in smooth[-surface, and synchronous recording mapping result.
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