CN102322294A - Comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction, which includes the following steps: (1) long-distance detection; (2) geological radar detection: on the basis of the long-distance detection, adopting a geological radar to review a long-distance prediction result within a short-distance detection range; (3) adopting a horizontal protruded drill hole to carry out direct detection according to a review result; and (4) supplementary protruded blasthole detection: when a direct detection result is that a geologically abnormal body exists in the current tunneling construction area, a protruded blasthole needs to be adopted to carry out supplementary detection, and a supplementary detection result is used as supplementary detection data for the direct horizontal protruded drill hole detection result. The design of the comprehensive geological prediction method is rational, the comprehensive geological prediction method is easy and convenient to operate, and is highly operable, moreover, the mutual relation among a variety of chosen prediction methods is clear, the comprehensive detection effect is good, and the invention provides a systematic, rational and standard comprehensive prediction method for karst tunnel construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of constructing tunnel geology prediction methods, especially relate to a kind of Karst Tunnel construction with comprehensive geology prediction methods.
Background technology
The karst problem is a great trouble of construction of tunnel, and karst mainly shows tunnel perimeter distortion, destabilization problems to the effect of project in tunnel, usually cause in the tunnel excavation local avalanche, fall piece and falling rocks; The karst water burst also is a karst to one of the principal works influence in tunnel on the other hand, and it not only influences construction safety, and directly jeopardizes the safety of personnel and plant equipment, in China western part and the tunnel built, southwest tend to run into the karst problem.The karst area general characteristic is a hypsography; Be prone to form the ponding basin at low-lying place; The long corrosion of surface water, erosion have formed different karst depression or trough valley; Surface water constantly in rock mass enrichment transfer underground water to, surface water and phreatic circulation have repeatedly formed sinkhole, funnel isolith pipe road.The ducted underground water of karst near lower water system seek and drain outlet reducing potential energy, decision groundwater flow approach then be attitude of rocks, fold, tomography, joint etc.Therefore according to combination and the main geologic features of corresponding geological structure formation karst area such as infiltration area karst depression, trough valley, sinkhole, underground rivers.During practice of construction, because of surface water is bigger to water burst influence in the tunnel, and highway tunnel is higher to the requirement of percolating water, is main so anti-draining is adopted with " anti-, row ", the comprehensive control measures that " anti-, row, stifled, section " combines.Thereby the difficulty of construction in karst area tunnel is very big.
Should be positioned at gingko dam, Enshi, Hubei Province in ten thousand railways dragon unicorn official tunnel; Belong to karst landform, the stratum that the tunnel passes through is mainly thick in the Cambrian system light gray～thick-layer shape limestone, dolomitic limestone, local folder lamelliform argillaceous dolomite; Joint and corrosion fissure are grown; Karst and karst water distributed pole are many, and karst is the main geology harm of imperial unicorn official constructing tunnel, and the prediction of karst, safety disclose and handles is the key of constructing tunnel.Dragon unicorn official tunnel is located near gingko dam, the enshi city town, is positioned at suitable ten thousand railway DK229+094-DK232+514 sections, is double track tunnel.Tunnel total length 3420m, maximum buried depth 328m, line design is that 15.9 ‰ single faces go up a slope, tunnel surrounding is the medium bed～thick-layer shape limestone of uniting on the Cambrian system.Karst intense development in the engineering zone, karst forms such as face of land karst depression, sinkhole, funnel see that chamber, fluid bowl and gingko dam underground river system are dissolved in underground growth more; The construction geology problem is outstanding, but because the tunnel is positioned at vertical vadose zone, dissolves the chamber so be mainly to do; Disclosed big and small 40 many places, molten chamber in the work progress, its middle outlet has typical super-huge the doing in two places to dissolve the chamber, and its scale is big to be that railway is rarely seen in history; And complex shape, rock crusher, joint fissure is grown; Construction safety and operation security are very risky, and it is very big that difficulty of construction is handled in molten chamber.
In the practice of construction process, according to the design geologic information and to the geological survey in construction of tunnel district, and be karst and karst water through the principal works geological problem that analysis-by-synthesis draws construction area, the disaster that it causes has water burst, prominent mud, caves in, roof fall etc.Should carry out the geology prediction in order to overcome geologic risk, in time take appropriate working measure, avoid risk according to the prediction result.
At present; The main length that adopts is apart from geology prediction methods such as TSP203, geological radar, horizontal protruded drill hole, mapping, leading big gun hole, infrared spy water in the constructing tunnel; Though above-mentioned each item geology prediction methods all comparative maturity but cuts both ways; Every geology prediction methods all has certain limitation; Single use all can not accurately be forecast the geological condition in the place ahead, can complement each other each other, verify mutually but draw above-mentioned geology prediction methods through continuous analysis summary.Thereby, should adopt the comprehensive geology prediction methods in the constructing tunnel, promptly according to the different geological situation; Adopt two or more at least detection means to survey; Then multiple result of detection is carried out analysis-by-synthesis, draw and predict the outcome the most reliably, with guiding construction.
Nowadays,, carry out in the constructing tunnel at present, all adopt the comprehensive geology prediction methods mostly at karst area.But; Actual when carrying out the geology prediction; The comprehensive geology prediction methods that each unit in charge of construction selects for use has nothing in common with each other, to should adopt simultaneously in the practice of construction which plant the geology prediction methods, should with which kind of prediction methods be master, the correlation between the multiple prediction methods selected for use as how all not forming the construction reference foundation of a system, reasonable and standard.Thereby in the practice of construction; Often occur selected improper with the geology prediction methods, can not carry out accurately and timely that prediction, need repeated multiple times are verified to the karst problem, can occur multiple practical problem such as geological problem in the work progress because of ground prediction reason inevitably; Cause construction problems such as construction period delay, input cost strengthen, dangerous coefficient is high, construction safety risk is big simultaneously; Especially concerning such as the big constructing tunnel of this type of construction area complicated geology in suitable ten thousand railways dragon unicorn official tunnel and difficulty of construction, existing comprehensive geology prediction methods can not satisfy the practice of construction demand especially.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art; Provide a kind of Karst Tunnel construction with comprehensive geology prediction methods; Clear and definite, the comprehensive Effect on Detecting of its correlation reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle, workable and the multiple prediction methods of selecting for use is good, for Karst Tunnel construction provides a system, rationally and the comprehensive prediction methods of standard.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of Karst Tunnel construction is characterized in that with comprehensive geology prediction methods this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, long distance are surveyed: in the set of tunneling construction process, adopt conventional length, several times institute's construction tunnel whole process grown the range prediction forecast from front to back apart from the advance geologic prediction system, and the long range prediction forecast of synchronous recording result; And when growing the range prediction forecast at every turn, all adopt said length the geological condition of front of tunnel heading to be grown distance and survey apart from the advance geologic prediction system;
Said length is that length in front of tunnel heading 100m～150m scope is apart from search coverage apart from the investigative range of advance geologic prediction system;
Step 2, geologic radar detection: in the set of tunneling construction process; For long apart from search coverage through long any after surveying apart from the advance geologic prediction system described in the step 1; On the basis that long distance is surveyed; Also need adopt geological radar and every separated 30m ± 5m that the geological condition of front of tunnel heading is carried out once closely prediction, and synchronous recording geological radar prediction result; Simultaneously, according to the geological radar prediction result who is write down, the long range prediction forecast result described in the step 1 is checked, and synchronous recording is checked the result;
The investigative range of said geological radar is the proximity detection zone in front of tunnel heading 30m ± 5m, and the said result of checking comprises the locus that whether has geologic anomaly body and existing geologic anomaly body in the said proximity detection zone;
Step 3, horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection: in the set of tunneling construction process; For any the proximity detection zone behind geologic radar detection described in the step 2; Also need according to the result that checks who is write down in the step 2; And the prediction methods by conventional horizontal protruded drill hole is carried out direct detection, and synchronous recording direct detection result; Actual when carrying out direct detection, adopt horizontal drilling equipment on face, to drill through the horizontal drilling that the degree of depth is 30m ± 5m, and the front and back lap length that is drilled through between the horizontal drilling in twice direct detection in front and back is not less than 5m;
Actual when carrying out direct detection, when checking the result when not having the geologic anomaly body described in the step 2, adopt horizontal drilling equipment to drill through a horizontal drilling at the face middle part;
When checking the result when having the geologic anomaly body described in the step 2; When the face middle part drills through a horizontal drilling; Also need drill through the corresponding horizontal drilling in locus a plurality of and the geologic anomaly body that prediction goes out, and the spacing between adjacent two said horizontal drillings is not less than 30m;
Step 4, leading big gun hole replenish to be surveyed: in the set of tunneling construction process, according to the tunnel piercing cyclic advance of design in advance, and carry out tunneling construction by the Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction method of routine;
In the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation; In the integrating step three to the direct detection result in current institute tunneling construction zone; Determine whether to replenish detection: when there is the geologic anomaly body in the result of direct detection described in the step 3 for current institute tunneling construction zone; Detection need be replenished, and the additional detection data of result of detection will be replenished as the result of direct detection described in the step 3; Otherwise, need not replenish detection;
Actual replenishing when surveying in the step 4, adopting rig on face, to drill through a plurality of levels that are is the deep blasting hole that adds of 5m～10m to the laying and the degree of depth, and surveys according to the prediction methods of conventional horizontal protruded drill hole.
Above-mentioned Karst Tunnel construction is with comprehensive geology prediction methods, and it is characterized in that: the length described in the step 1 is TSP203 advance geologic prediction system apart from the advance geologic prediction system; And in the set of tunneling construction process, adopt the every separated 100m～150m of TSP203 advance geologic prediction system that the geological condition of front of tunnel heading is carried out vice-minister's range prediction forecast, and the long range prediction forecast of synchronous recording result.
Above-mentioned Karst Tunnel construction is with comprehensive geology prediction methods; It is characterized in that: in the geological radar prediction result described in long range prediction forecast result described in the step 1 and the step 2; Do not find that all the front of tunnel heading geological radar surveys when having the geologic anomaly body in the short range, the then said result of checking is not for existing the geologic anomaly body; As the geological radar prediction result described in long range prediction forecast result described in the step 1 and/or the step 2; Discovery front of tunnel heading geological radar is surveyed when having the geologic anomaly body in the short range, and the then said result of checking is for existing the geologic anomaly body.
Above-mentioned Karst Tunnel construction is with comprehensive geology prediction methods, and it is characterized in that: the horizontal drilling equipment described in the step 3 is horizontal drill or down-the-hole drill.
Above-mentioned Karst Tunnel construction is with comprehensive geology prediction methods, and it is characterized in that: said down-the-hole drill is MKD-5 type down-the-hole drill or WEP100 type down-the-hole drill.
Above-mentioned Karst Tunnel construction is with comprehensive geology prediction methods; It is characterized in that: a plurality of leading big gun hole described in the step 4 drill through the position, corresponding with the locus of the geologic anomaly body that writes down among the direct detection result to current institute tunneling construction zone in the step 3.
Above-mentioned Karst Tunnel construction is with comprehensive geology prediction methods, and it is characterized in that: the quantity in leading big gun hole is 3～5 described in the step 4.
Above-mentioned Karst Tunnel construction is with comprehensive geology prediction methods, and it is characterized in that: the degree of depth in leading big gun hole is 5m～6m described in the step 4.
Above-mentioned Karst Tunnel construction is with comprehensive geology prediction methods; It is characterized in that: actual described in the step 4 carries out in the set of tunneling construction process of each circulation; When drilling through said leading big gun hole, when drilling through the working big gun of smooth blasting hole, drill through synchronously.
The construction of above-mentioned Karst Tunnel is characterized in that with comprehensive geology prediction methods: actual described in the step 4 carries out also need carrying out mapping in the set of tunneling construction process of each circulation; And when in the Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction of each circulation, carrying out mapping, after smooth blasting completion and scarfing cinder end, near the geological condition the face is carried out mapping, and synchronous recording mapping result according to the mapping method of routine.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, the correlation of the multiple prediction methods of selecting for use result of detection clear and definite and reasonable in design, various detection methods complements one another, and the linking between each step is arranged appropriate.During actual the detection; Adopt TSP203 advance geologic prediction system head distance to survey earlier; Adopt geological radar in short range, to check apart from result of detection afterwards to long; And the check result of geological radar in short range is merely the geology predictive reference data, in the set of tunneling construction process, also needs according to checking the result and adopting the advanced levels inspecting hole to carry out direct detection; Simultaneously also need carry out leading big gun hole when having the geologic anomaly body and replenish and survey, replenish result of detection effectively additional as advanced levels inspecting hole direct detection result with leading big gun hole in the direct detection result.In addition, in the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation, also can carry out mapping according to the concrete needs of reality.
2, actual when carrying out advanced levels inspecting hole direct detection; According to geological radar in short range to the long result that checks apart from result of detection; Confirm the quantity of the advanced levels inspecting hole that adopts: when checking the result when not having the geologic anomaly body, then a need drill through a horizontal drilling in the middle part of face; And when checking the result when having the geologic anomaly body; Then when the face middle part drills through a horizontal drilling; Also need drill through the corresponding horizontal drilling in locus a plurality of and the geologic anomaly body that prediction goes out, and the spacing between adjacent two said horizontal drillings is not less than 30m.Like this, the practical operation operability of getting up is very strong, and according to checking the quantity that the result confirms to drill through horizontal protruded drill hole, only needs to drill through a horizontal drilling at the face middle part when not having the geologic anomaly body and gets final product checking the result.
3, comprehensive detection method practical operation is easy and workable; Actually only need to carry out comprehensive detection when carrying out prediction and get final product according to detection method of the present invention; Specifically: adopt geological radar in short range, to check apart from result of detection earlier to long; Carry out the horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection according to checking the result again; And also need carry out leading big gun hole when having the geologic anomaly body and replenish and survey checking the result; Simultaneously in the set of tunneling construction process, carry out mapping, will check the result like this as detection data indirectly according to the concrete needs of reality, with the horizontal protruded drill hole result of detection as main direct detection result; And replenish result of detection as effectively the replenishing of horizontal protruded drill hole result of detection with leading big gun hole, comprehensive above-mentioned all result of detections then can be constructing tunnel a system, rationally and the construction reference foundation of standard are provided.Thereby; In the actual prediction process; Need not again to confirm in advance to select for use which plant Forecasting Methodology, whether the Forecasting Methodology selected for use appropriate, the correlation between the multiple Forecasting Methodology selected for use as how; Thereby simplified existing comprehensive prediction process greatly, can effectively solve exist in the existing construction of Karst Tunnel nowadays selected improper simultaneously, can not carry out accurately and timely prediction, need repeated multiple times verify, influence practical problems such as tunnel normal construction the karst problem because of ground prediction reason causes occurring geological problem with the geology prediction methods.
4, comprehensive Effect on Detecting is good; Can make full use of the advantage of various detection methods, use simultaneously, comprehensive judgement and accurate forecast front geological situation; For the tunnel smooth construction provides strong support; And overcome construction risk, especially concerning such as the big constructing tunnel of this type of construction area complicated geology in suitable ten thousand railways dragon unicorn official tunnel and difficulty of construction, the present invention can satisfy the practice of construction demand.
In sum; The present invention is reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle, workable and clear and definite, the comprehensive Effect on Detecting of the correlation multiple prediction methods of selecting for use is good; For Karst Tunnel construction provides a system, rationally and the comprehensive prediction methods of standard, can effectively solve exist in the existing construction of Karst Tunnel nowadays selected improper, can not carry out accurately and timely prediction, need repeated multiple times verify, can occur inevitably because of ground prediction reason in the work progress multiple practical problems such as geological problem to the karst problem with the geology prediction methods.
Through accompanying drawing and embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is done further detailed description below.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a comprehensive geology prediction methods FB(flow block) of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
A kind of Karst Tunnel construction as shown in Figure 1 may further comprise the steps with comprehensive geology prediction methods:
Step 1, long distance are surveyed: in the set of tunneling construction process, adopt conventional length, several times institute's construction tunnel whole process grown the range prediction forecast from front to back apart from the advance geologic prediction system, and the long range prediction forecast of synchronous recording result; And when growing the range prediction forecast at every turn, all adopt said length the geological condition of front of tunnel heading to be grown distance and survey apart from the advance geologic prediction system.
Said length is that length in front of tunnel heading 100m～150m scope is apart from search coverage apart from the investigative range of advance geologic prediction system.
In the present embodiment, said length is TSP203 advance geologic prediction system apart from the advance geologic prediction system; And in the set of tunneling construction process, adopt the every separated 100m～150m of TSP203 advance geologic prediction system that the geological condition of front of tunnel heading is carried out vice-minister's range prediction forecast, and the long range prediction forecast of synchronous recording result.The TSP203 advance geologic prediction system that is adopted is specially the TSP203 tunnel geology advanced prediction forecast system that Switzerland Amberg company produces; Survey during actual the detection and on the face, the main detection mission of TSP203 advance geologic prediction system is: forward probe formation lithology, soft layer position; The position of forward probe fault belt, width etc.; The position in forward probe karst cave, filling situation; Forecast the particular location of rich water band.
TSP203 advance geologic prediction system is a kind of detection system that designs for the tunnel geology advanced prediction specially; Extensively adopt in the construction; But in application, to take into full account its fringe conditions; Promptly being surveyed thing has enough so that the interface of seismic reflection, and the more little effect of the angle in the normal at this interface and tunnel is good more; When surveying karst, karst should have certain extension and form the interface, otherwise Effect on Detecting is bad; In addition, Effect on Detecting is also relevant with the developmental condition in fluid bowl, cave; The resolution ratio of surveying is inversely proportional to the degree of depth of detection, be directly proportional with the volume of surveying object, physical prospecting be referred to as the hole directly than, i.e. investigation depth and the diameter ratio of being surveyed thing, generally the hole is directly than greater than 20 o'clock, resolution ratio seriously reduces.
Step 2, geologic radar detection: in the set of tunneling construction process; For long apart from search coverage through long any after surveying apart from the advance geologic prediction system described in the step 1; On the basis that long distance is surveyed; Also need adopt geological radar and every separated 30m ± 5m that the geological condition of front of tunnel heading is carried out once closely prediction, and synchronous recording geological radar prediction result; Simultaneously, according to the geological radar prediction result who is write down, the long range prediction forecast result described in the step 1 is checked, and synchronous recording is checked the result.
The investigative range of said geological radar is the proximity detection zone in front of tunnel heading 30m ± 5m, and the said result of checking comprises the locus that whether has geologic anomaly body and existing geologic anomaly body in the said proximity detection zone.
In the actual detection process; In the geological radar prediction result described in long range prediction forecast result described in the step 1 and the step 2; Do not find that all the front of tunnel heading geological radar surveys when having the geologic anomaly body in the short range, the then said result of checking is not for existing the geologic anomaly body; As the geological radar prediction result described in long range prediction forecast result described in the step 1 and/or the step 2; Discovery front of tunnel heading geological radar is surveyed when having the geologic anomaly body in the short range, and the then said result of checking is for existing the geologic anomaly body.
In the present embodiment; When face adopts geological radar to survey; The detection range of geological radar is 30m; The main task of surveying is: the length of checking TSP203 advance geologic prediction system in the short distance is apart from result of detection, and 30m is further surveyed with interior exceptions area, and is further clear and definite with growth form and position to the karst cave.During practice of construction, the geological radar that is adopted is the RAMAC/GPR geological radar of Sweden MALA company, and adopts the non-screened shielded antanna of 50MHz to survey, and carries out interpretation after the data process REFLEXW software processes of collection.Advantages such as during actual the use, that geologic radar detection has is easy and simple to handle, survey fast, result of detection is accurate, but investigative range is little, owing to adopt non-screened shielded antanna, so receive environmental interference bigger.
Step 3, horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection: in the set of tunneling construction process; For any the proximity detection zone behind geologic radar detection described in the step 2; Also need according to the result that checks who is write down in the step 2; And the prediction methods by conventional horizontal protruded drill hole is carried out direct detection, and synchronous recording direct detection result; Actual when carrying out direct detection, adopt horizontal drilling equipment on face, to drill through the horizontal drilling that the degree of depth is 30m+5m, and the front and back lap length that is drilled through between the horizontal drilling in twice direct detection in front and back is not less than 5m.
Actual when carrying out direct detection, when checking the result when not having the geologic anomaly body described in the step 2, adopt horizontal drilling equipment to drill through a horizontal drilling at the face middle part.
When checking the result when having the geologic anomaly body described in the step 2; When the face middle part drills through a horizontal drilling; Also need drill through the corresponding horizontal drilling in locus a plurality of and the geologic anomaly body that prediction goes out, and the spacing between adjacent two said horizontal drillings is not less than 30m.
To sum up, in the present embodiment, when carrying out direct detection, the water flat drill bores the leading inspecting hole (said horizontal drilling) of a hole depth 30m in the middle of face; As TSP203 advance geologic prediction system head distance survey or or when finding to have the geologic anomaly body during geological radar proximity detection (checking result when having geologic anomaly body described in the step 2); The horizontal drilling that is then drilled through is no less than three holes; One of them horizontal drilling is laid in the face middle part; The installation position of all the other horizontal drillings is corresponding with the locus of surveying the geologic anomaly body of finding, and the spacing between adjacent two horizontal drillings is no less than 30m in a plurality of horizontal drillings that drilled through this moment.
During actual boring, said horizontal drilling equipment is horizontal drill or down-the-hole drill.In the present embodiment, said down-the-hole drill is MKD-5 type down-the-hole drill or WEP100 type down-the-hole drill.
In the actual detection process, horizontal protruded drill hole can be understood the country rock situation of front of tunnel heading, the developmental state of karst etc. more specifically, more accurately, and great geological disasters such as gushing water, prominent mud can be forecast timely and accurately, in time takes counter-measure.Though horizontal protruded drill hole is " a peephole view " only, directly perceived, accurately, be the important of geology advanced prediction and reliable means, should omnidistance use in tunnel piercing, and whenever in the face residue hole depth of horizontal drilling all be no less than 5m, to guarantee safety.But the shortcoming of horizontal protruded drill hole is that scope is less relatively, and workload is bigger, and it is longer to take the working time, should use simultaneously with TSP203 advance geologic prediction system and geological radar in the construction.
When adopting horizontal protruded drill hole to carry out actual detection; Prediction methods by conventional horizontal protruded drill hole is carried out direct detection; Specifically:, judge the place ahead hydrology, geological conditions according to the rock dust in core that is drilled through and the drilling process, drilling speed and water quality situation; After the core drilling, utilize core to make an experiment, the geology state that creeps into is judged as sample; Carry out drilling speed when test, judge according to rate of penetration and the relation between the rock behavio(u)r of horizontal drilling equipment in rock.
Step 4, leading big gun hole replenish to be surveyed: in the set of tunneling construction process, according to the tunnel piercing cyclic advance of design in advance, and carry out tunneling construction by the Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction method of routine.
In the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation; In the integrating step three to the direct detection result in current institute tunneling construction zone; Determine whether to replenish detection: when there is the geologic anomaly body in the result of direct detection described in the step 3 for current institute tunneling construction zone; Detection need be replenished, and the additional detection data of result of detection will be replenished as the result of direct detection described in the step 3.Otherwise, need not replenish detection.
Actual replenishing when surveying in the step 4, adopting rig on face, to drill through a plurality of levels that are is the deep blasting hole that adds of 5m～10m to the laying and the degree of depth, and surveys according to the prediction methods of conventional horizontal protruded drill hole.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of leading big gun hole described in the step 4 drill through the position, corresponding with the locus of the geologic anomaly body that writes down among the direct detection result to current institute tunneling construction zone in the step 3.The quantity in said leading big gun hole is 3～5, and the degree of depth in said leading big gun hole is 5m～6m.In the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation; When drilling through said leading big gun hole; When drilling through the working big gun of smooth blasting hole, drill through synchronously; And the aperture in said leading big gun hole is with to drill through smooth blasting construction identical with the aperture in big gun hole, constructs and uses the hole depth in big gun hole to be 1.5m～2.5m but drill through smooth blasting.
To sum up; In the actual detection process; Leading big gun hole replenishes to survey and is meant 3～5 elongated hole of brill when face bores the big gun hole, and purpose is that the horizontal detection scope to horizontal protruded drill hole further enlarges in short distance, is effectively replenishing of horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection.
In the present embodiment, actual described in the step 4 carries out also need carrying out mapping in the set of tunneling construction process of each circulation; And when in the Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction of each circulation, carrying out mapping, after smooth blasting completion and scarfing cinder end, near the geological condition the face is carried out mapping, and synchronous recording mapping result according to the mapping method of routine.Mapping mainly is the lithology near the country rock face; The structure of rock stratum, occurrence, the developmental state at joint, the distribution situation of unfavorable geology etc. is described; Through comparative analysis; Sum up the Changing Pattern of country rock, thereby the geology in the place ahead is carried out anticipation, the mapping result who is obtained provides reference data for follow-up geological radar proximity detection and horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection.
Thereby in the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation, leading big gun hole replenishes to survey before drilling through the smooth blasting construction carries out, and specifically is to drill through leading big gun hole in the big gun hole and carry out corresponding the detection drilling through the smooth blasting construction; And after smooth blasting completion and scarfing cinder end, again near the geological condition the face is carried out mapping.
Simultaneously; In the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation; Also can be according to actual needs; Specifically be comprehensive survey result after surveying to step 4 according to step 1 when finding to exist in the front geological latent water content, also need adopt conventional infrared spy water method whether having latent water content to survey in front of tunnel heading 30m ± 5m scope or around the wall of hole.And when adopting infrared spy water method to survey, in step 2, adopt geological radar to carry out carrying out in the proximity detection.
To sum up, in the present embodiment, the length of TSP203 advance geologic prediction system apart from result of detection, geological radar prediction result and mapping result all as anticipation to geology; Its result needs to verify with horizontal protruded drill hole that horizontal protruded drill hole is directly perceived, accurate, but investigative range is less; Workload is big; And leading big gun hole is effectively replenishing of horizontal protruded drill hole, thereby the present invention is main with horizontal protruded drill hole, and other means are the auxilliary integrated forecasting forecast of carrying out.
The above; It only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; Be not that the present invention is done any restriction, every technical spirit changes any simple modification, change and the equivalent structure that above embodiment did according to the present invention, all still belongs in the protection domain of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a Karst Tunnel construction is characterized in that with comprehensive geology prediction methods this method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, long distance are surveyed: in the set of tunneling construction process, adopt conventional length, several times institute's construction tunnel whole process grown the range prediction forecast from front to back apart from the advance geologic prediction system, and the long range prediction forecast of synchronous recording result; And when growing the range prediction forecast at every turn, all adopt said length the geological condition of front of tunnel heading to be grown distance and survey apart from the advance geologic prediction system;
Said length is that length in front of tunnel heading 100m～150m scope is apart from search coverage apart from the investigative range of advance geologic prediction system;
Step 2, geologic radar detection: in the set of tunneling construction process; For long apart from search coverage through long any after surveying apart from the advance geologic prediction system described in the step 1; On the basis that long distance is surveyed; Also need adopt geological radar and every separated 30m ± 5m that the geological condition of front of tunnel heading is carried out once closely prediction, and synchronous recording geological radar prediction result; Simultaneously, according to the geological radar prediction result who is write down, the long range prediction forecast result described in the step 1 is checked, and synchronous recording is checked the result;
The investigative range of said geological radar is the proximity detection zone in front of tunnel heading 30m ± 5m, and the said result of checking comprises the locus that whether has geologic anomaly body and existing geologic anomaly body in the said proximity detection zone;
Step 3, horizontal protruded drill hole direct detection: in the set of tunneling construction process; For any the proximity detection zone behind geologic radar detection described in the step 2; Also need according to the result that checks who is write down in the step 2; And the prediction methods by conventional horizontal protruded drill hole is carried out direct detection, and synchronous recording direct detection result; Actual when carrying out direct detection, adopt horizontal drilling equipment on face, to drill through the horizontal drilling that the degree of depth is 30m ± 5m, and the front and back lap length that is drilled through between the horizontal drilling in twice direct detection in front and back is not less than 5m;
Actual when carrying out direct detection, when checking the result when not having the geologic anomaly body described in the step 2, adopt horizontal drilling equipment to drill through a horizontal drilling at the face middle part;
When checking the result when having the geologic anomaly body described in the step 2; When the face middle part drills through a horizontal drilling; Also need drill through the corresponding horizontal drilling in locus a plurality of and the geologic anomaly body that prediction goes out, and the spacing between adjacent two said horizontal drillings is not less than 30m;
Step 4, leading big gun hole replenish to be surveyed: in the set of tunneling construction process, according to the tunnel piercing cyclic advance of design in advance, and carry out tunneling construction by the Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction method of routine;
In the actual set of tunneling construction process of carrying out each circulation; In the integrating step three to the direct detection result in current institute tunneling construction zone; Determine whether to replenish detection: when there is the geologic anomaly body in the result of direct detection described in the step 3 for current institute tunneling construction zone; Detection need be replenished, and the additional detection data of result of detection will be replenished as the result of direct detection described in the step 3; Otherwise, need not replenish detection;
Actual replenishing when surveying in the step 4, adopting rig on face, to drill through a plurality of levels that are is the deep blasting hole that adds of 5m～10m to the laying and the degree of depth, and surveys according to the prediction methods of conventional horizontal protruded drill hole.
2. construct with comprehensive geology prediction methods according to the described Karst Tunnel of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the length described in the step 1 is TSP203 advance geologic prediction system apart from the advance geologic prediction system; And in the set of tunneling construction process, adopt the every separated 100m～150m of TSP203 advance geologic prediction system that the geological condition of front of tunnel heading is carried out vice-minister's range prediction forecast, and the long range prediction forecast of synchronous recording result.
3. construct with comprehensive geology prediction methods according to claim 1 or 2 described Karst Tunnel; It is characterized in that: in the geological radar prediction result described in long range prediction forecast result described in the step 1 and the step 2; Do not find that all the front of tunnel heading geological radar surveys when having the geologic anomaly body in the short range, the then said result of checking is not for existing the geologic anomaly body; As the geological radar prediction result described in long range prediction forecast result described in the step 1 and/or the step 2; Discovery front of tunnel heading geological radar is surveyed when having the geologic anomaly body in the short range, and the then said result of checking is for existing the geologic anomaly body.
4. construct with comprehensive geology prediction methods according to claim 1 or 2 described Karst Tunnel, it is characterized in that: the horizontal drilling equipment described in the step 3 is horizontal drill or down-the-hole drill.
5. construct with comprehensive geology prediction methods according to the described Karst Tunnel of claim 4, it is characterized in that: said down-the-hole drill is MKD-5 type down-the-hole drill or WEP100 type down-the-hole drill.
6. construct with comprehensive geology prediction methods according to claim 1 or 2 described Karst Tunnel; It is characterized in that: a plurality of leading big gun hole described in the step 4 drill through the position, corresponding with the locus of the geologic anomaly body that writes down among the direct detection result to current institute tunneling construction zone in the step 3.
7. construct with comprehensive geology prediction methods according to claim 1 or 2 described Karst Tunnel, it is characterized in that: the quantity in leading big gun hole is 3～5 described in the step 4.
8. construct with comprehensive geology prediction methods according to claim 1 or 2 described Karst Tunnel, it is characterized in that: the degree of depth in leading big gun hole is 5m～6m described in the step 4.
9. construct with comprehensive geology prediction methods according to claim 1 or 2 described Karst Tunnel; It is characterized in that: actual described in the step 4 carries out in the set of tunneling construction process of each circulation; When drilling through said leading big gun hole, when drilling through the working big gun of smooth blasting hole, drill through synchronously.
According to claim 1 or the construction of 2 described Karst Tunnel with comprehensive geology prediction methods, it is characterized in that: actual described in the step 4 carries out also need carrying out mapping in the set of tunneling construction process of each circulation; And when in the Tunnel Blasting tunneling construction of each circulation, carrying out mapping, after smooth blasting completion and scarfing cinder end, near the geological condition the face is carried out mapping, and synchronous recording mapping result according to the mapping method of routine.
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