CN102137845A - 制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶的改进方法 - Google Patents

制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶的改进方法 Download PDF

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CN102137845A
CN102137845A CN2009801337607A CN200980133760A CN102137845A CN 102137845 A CN102137845 A CN 102137845A CN 2009801337607 A CN2009801337607 A CN 2009801337607A CN 200980133760 A CN200980133760 A CN 200980133760A CN 102137845 A CN102137845 A CN 102137845A
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道格拉斯.布兰德
加里.罗思
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Abstract

本发明涉及通过环合反应由烷基乙烯基醚和三氟乙酰氯有效且高收率地制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶。

Description

制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶的改进方法
本申请要求2008年7月1日提交的美国临时申请61/077,189的权益。
技术领域
本发明涉及制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶的改进方法。
背景技术
2-三氟甲基-5-(1-烷基硫基)烷基吡啶是用于制备一些杀虫剂的有用中间体;参见例如美国专利公开文本2005/0228027和2007/0203191。4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-3-丁烯-2-酮是用于制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-烷基硫基)烷基吡啶的有用中间体;参见,例如美国专利公开出版物2008/0033180A1。但可惜的是,4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-3-丁烯-2-酮相对昂贵并且在某种程度上是不稳定的,即其被推荐在冷藏条件下储存。期望的是得到制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶,特别是2-三氟甲基-5-(1-烷基硫基)烷基吡啶的一般方法,该方法可避免4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-3-丁烯-2-酮,由此可消除与这些原料有关的运输和储存问题。
发明内容
本发明涉及用于通过环合反应制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶的改进方法,所述方法避免使用4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-3-丁烯-2-酮。更具体地,本发明涉及用于制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶(I)的方法,
Figure BDA0000048359030000011
其中
R1和R2独立地表示H、C1-C4烷基,或者R1或R2与R3一起表示4-至6-元饱和环,或者R1与R2一起表示任选取代有O或N原子的3-至6-元饱和环;
R3表示C1-C4烷基或R3与R1或R2一起表示4-至6-元饱和环;和
X表示CH2、O或S;
所述方法包括:
i)使下式的烷基乙烯基醚与三氟乙酰氯接触
Figure BDA0000048359030000021
其中R表示C1-C4烷基,
得到式(II)的4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮:
式(II)中R如前述所定义;
ii)在叔胺碱存在下使4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮(II)与烯胺(III)缩合得到式(IV)中间体,
烯胺(III)为:
Figure BDA0000048359030000023
式(III)中
R1、R2、R3和X如前述所定义;以及
R4和R5独立地表示氢、C1-C8烷基、C2-C8烯基、C1-C8芳基烷基、C1-C8卤代烷基、C1-C8烷氧基烷基、C1-C8烷基氨基烷基、芳基或杂芳基,或者R4和R5与N一起表示5-或6-元饱和或不饱和环;
式(IV)中间体为:
Figure BDA0000048359030000031
式(IV)中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和X如前述所定义;以及
iii)在氨或能够产生氨的试剂的存在下,使式(IV)中间体环合。
在本发明优选的实施方案中,R1和R2独立地表示H或甲基,R3表示甲基,以及X表示S。
具体实施方式
发明详述
除非另有具体说明,本申请使用的术语“烷基”(包括衍生术语如“卤代烷基”、“烷氧基烷基”、“烷基氨基烷基”和“芳基烷基”)包括直链、支链和环状基团。因此,常见的烷基为甲基、乙基、1-甲基乙基、丙基、1,1-二甲基乙基和环丙基。本申请使用的术语“烯基”包括直链、直链和环状基团并意欲包括一个或多个不饱和键。术语“卤素”包括氟、氯、溴和碘。术语“卤代烷基”包括取代有一个至最大可能数目卤素原子的烷基。术语“芳基”以及衍生术语如“芳基烷基”是指苯基或萘基。术语“杂芳基”是指含有一个或多个杂原子即N、O或S的5-或6-元芳族环基团;这些杂芳族环可与其它芳族***稠合。
在本发明中,通过以下方法制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶(I),
Figure BDA0000048359030000032
式(I)中,
R1和R2独立地表示H、C1-C4烷基,或者R1或R2与R3一起表示4-至6-元饱和环,或者R1与R2一起表示任选取代有O或N原子的3-至6-元饱和环;
R3表示C1-C4烷基,或者R3与R1或R2一起表示4-至6-元饱和环;和
X表示CH2、O或S;
所述方法是使下式的烷基乙烯基醚与三氟乙酰氯接触
其中R表示C1-C4烷基,
得到式(II)的4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮:
Figure BDA0000048359030000042
式(II)中R如前述所定义;
在叔胺碱存在下使4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮(II)与烯胺(III)缩合得到式(IV)中间体
烯胺(III)为:
Figure BDA0000048359030000043
式(III)中:
R1、R2、R3和X如前述所定义;以及
R4和R5独立地表示氢、C1-C8烷基、C2-C8烯基、C1-C8芳基烷基、C1-C8卤代烷基、C1-C8烷氧基烷基、C1-C8烷基氨基烷基、芳基或杂芳基,或者R4和R5与N一起表示5-或6-元饱和或不饱和环,
式(IV)中间体为:
Figure BDA0000048359030000044
式(IV)中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和X如前述所定义;
以及,在氨或能够产生氨的试剂的存在下使式(IV)中间体环合。
在本发明的第一个步骤中,通过以下方法制备式(II)的4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮:
式(II)中R表示C1-C4烷基,
所述方法是使下式的烷基乙烯基醚与三氟乙酰氯反应
Figure BDA0000048359030000052
其中R表示C1-C4烷基。
通常将约等摩尔量的烷基乙烯基醚和三氟乙酰氯用在所述方法中,但可采用过量的一种或另一种。在实践中,优选的是10-50%化学计量过量的烷基乙烯基醚。
所述反应在没有溶剂的情况下进行(例如使用过量的烷基乙烯基醚)或在无水有机溶剂的存在下进行。优选的溶剂为烃溶剂,最优选的为芳族烃如甲苯。
所述反应在-10℃至约35℃的温度进行。通常优选的是约0℃至约20℃的温度。
在通常的反应中,在没有溶剂或在烃溶剂存在下,在0-5℃,使三氟乙酰氯在烷基乙烯基醚的液面下鼓泡。在搅拌下将反应混合物温热约1小时,保持温度不高于室温。通常原样使用含有4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮的粗制反应混合物而不进一步分离或纯化所述反应混合物。
在本发明的第二个步骤中,在叔胺碱存在下使4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮(II)与烯胺(III)反应。
Figure BDA0000048359030000053
式(III)中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和X如前述所定义,
得到式(IV)中间体
Figure BDA0000048359030000061
通过以下方法便利地制备烯胺(III):在吸水材料存在下,在存在或不存在合适溶剂的条件下,使经合适取代的胺与经合适取代的醛加成。通常,在约-20℃至约20℃,在干燥剂例如无水碳酸钾存在下,所述经合适取代的醛例如3-烷基硫基丙醛与无水的二取代胺例如吡咯烷反应,通过常规方法分离产物,并且通常不经进一步纯化即使用。
在缩合方法中需要约等摩尔量的4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮(II)和烯胺(III);需要至少一当量的叔胺碱,优选的是约1至约2当量。
所述缩合反应在约-20℃至约35℃的温度进行。通常优选的是约-5℃至约20℃的温度。
该缩合反应优选在非极性溶剂或极性非质子性溶剂中进行。优选的非极性溶剂包括烃溶剂和芳族烃。对于该化学反应,极性非质子性溶剂也是良好选择。乙腈或甲苯是最优选的溶剂。
优选的是应当将所述4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮(II)加到预先形成的烯胺(III)与叔胺碱的混合物中。
在通常的缩合反应中,在-5℃至20℃,将所述烯胺(III)和至少化学计量量的叔胺碱溶解在所期望的溶剂中,通过加料漏斗向该溶液中连续加入4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮(II)。搅拌混合物直到4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮(II)和烯胺(III)耗尽。通常将中间体(IV)原样使用而不进一步分离或纯化。
在所述方法的最后步骤中,在氨或能够产生氨的试剂的存在下,使式(IV)中间体环合得到所期望的2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶(I)
式(IV)中间体为:
Figure BDA0000048359030000071
2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶(I)为:
Figure BDA0000048359030000072
能够产生氨的常见试剂包括例如1)酸(优选有机酸)的铵盐2)甲酰胺,或者3)含有酸或酸的盐的甲酰胺。可使用任意脂肪族有机酸或芳族有机酸的铵盐,但为了加工方便,优选的是C1-C4链烷酸的铵盐。最优选的是甲酸铵或乙酸铵。
在所述环合方法中需要约等摩尔量的中间体(IV)和氨或能够产生氨的试剂,但经常优选的是2-4倍过量的氨或氨前体。
该环合反应优选在与所述缩合反应的溶剂相同的溶剂中进行。
所述反应在约环境温度至约150℃的温度进行。通常优选的是约75℃至约125℃。
通过常规技术分离产物,例如硅胶色谱法或分馏。
在通常的环合反应中,将有机酸的铵盐加到直接来自所述缩合反应的中间体(IV)中,加热混合物直到反应结束。在溶解在非与水混溶性溶剂并用水和任选盐水洗涤后,可通过真空蒸馏分离所述2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶(I)。
提供以下实施例说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1:5-(1-甲基硫基)乙基-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶的制备
Figure BDA0000048359030000073
步骤1.1-(3-甲基硫基丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷的制备
向装备有机械搅拌器、氮气入口、加料漏斗和温度计的5000毫升(mL)干燥圆底烧瓶中装入591g(4.27摩尔)无水碳酸钾颗粒和1428mL(17.1摩尔)无水吡咯烷。将混合物在氮气气氛中搅拌,并用冰浴冷却至4℃,之后加入1050mL(8.9摩尔)3-甲基-硫基丁醛,加入速度是保持温度低于10℃。一旦加入结束,移去冷却浴,使反应混合物达到室温。然后使反应内容物过滤通过烧结玻璃滤器漏斗以除去固体,所述固体用200mL无水***洗涤。在旋转蒸发仪上真空浓缩滤液直到除去所有吡咯烷,得到1,519g 1-(3-甲基硫基丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷,其为红色液体。1H NMR CDCl3δ1.36(d,3H),1.85(m,4H),2.02(s,3H),3.02(m,4H),3.26(q,1H),3.98(dd,1H),6.25(d,1H)。
步骤2.5-(1-甲基硫基)乙基-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶的制备
向安装有干冰/丙酮冷凝器、加料漏斗和热电偶套管(带有数字温度监测)的100-mL三颈圆底烧瓶中装入8.58g(49.0mmol)1-(3-甲基硫基丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷,然后加入40mL甲苯。向该混合物中一次性加入4.96g(49.0mmol)三乙胺。将该混合物在冰水浴中冷却,然后历时15分钟通过加料漏斗连续滴加9.78g(49mmol)纯净的4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮。在4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮加入期间,内部反应温度由4℃升至14℃。移去所述冰水浴,将所述溶液在环境温度再搅拌17小时。抽吸过滤反应混合物,将滤液收集在装备有水冷却冷凝器、热电偶套管、磁力搅拌子和漂白洗涤器的250-mL三颈圆底烧瓶中。在室温,向该反应混合物中一次性加入5.66g(74mmol)乙酸铵。然后加热反应混合物直到内部温度达到~93℃(此时注意到反应容器内部有轻微回流)。将反应混合物搅拌20分钟,此时正相LC分析表明在反应混合物中仍存在式(IV)中间体二烯化合物。将反应混合物再搅拌20分钟,然后正相LC分析表明起始物质耗尽。向该混合物中加入40mL水,分离水层并用15mL新鲜甲苯萃取。在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩合并的有机层。使用Kugelrohr装置对残余物进行球-球蒸馏(在1.5mmHg的沸点为约~80℃)得到4.56g(~43%收率,没有确定纯度)5-(1-甲基硫基)乙基-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶,其为液体。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ1.62(d,J=8Hz,3H),1.94(s,3H),3.94(q,J=8Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.90(dd,J=8,2Hz,1H),8.66(d,J=2Hz,1H)。
实施例2:5-(1-甲基硫基)乙基-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶的替代制备方法
Figure BDA0000048359030000091
向装备有循环浴(含有Syltherm 800)、机械搅拌、干冰/丙酮冷凝器和热电偶套管(带有数字监测)的500mL夹套反应器中装入240mL甲苯,然后一次性加入43.3g(0.6摩尔)乙基乙烯基醚(EVE)。将反应混合物冷却至0℃,然后将1/4”聚四氟乙烯树脂管(Teflon line)液面下放置在反应混合物中。历时1小时使三氟乙酰氯(TFAC)鼓泡通过该聚四氟乙烯树脂管,直到已经加入95.3g(0.72摩尔)三氟乙酰氯试剂。在TFAC加入过程中,内部反应温度从2℃升至6℃。然后将所述循环浴温度设定在20℃,使反应混合物温热至循环浴设定点并再搅拌20分钟。此时,GC分析表明,EVE起始物质存在约4%(GC相对面积)和4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮存在约87%(GC相对面积并减去甲苯峰面积)。将该4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮/甲苯溶液收集在具有Polycap的玻璃瓶中并储存以不经进一步纯化用在缩合反应中。向装备有机械搅拌、热电偶套管(带有数字监测)、回流冷凝器的一升三颈圆底烧瓶中依次装入79.1g(0.57摩尔)无水碳酸钾、400mL甲苯和40.5g(0.57摩尔)吡咯烷。使用冰水浴冷却浆液,然后历时48分钟通过加料漏斗连续加入61.5g(0.52摩尔)3-甲基硫基丁醛。通过调整醛的加入速度将内部反应温度保持低于~7℃。移去冰浴,将浆液温热至环境温度并搅拌过夜。此时,对反应混合物进行的1HNMR分析表明完全形成1-(3-甲基硫基丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷。抽吸过滤反应混合物,滤饼用20mL新鲜甲苯冲洗。在旋转蒸发仪上部分浓缩滤液直到收集约375mL馏出液。将所得1-(3-甲基硫基丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷/甲苯溶液不经进一步纯化即用在缩合反应中。向装备有机械搅拌、热电偶套管(带有数字温度监测)和回流冷凝器的两升三颈圆底烧瓶中装入1-(3-甲基硫基丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷/甲苯溶液(来自实施例2),然后加入额外200mL新鲜甲苯。向该混合物中一次性加入90.9g(0.9摩尔)三乙胺,然后将反应混合物在冰-水浴中冷却。历时3小时通过加料漏斗向该混合物中连续加入4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮/甲苯溶液(来自实施例2)。在4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮加入期间,内部反应温度从3℃升至7℃。将反应混合物在用冰水浴冷却的情况下再搅拌25分钟,然后移去冰-水浴。使反应混合物温热至环境温度并搅拌过夜。此时,进行正相LC以确定式(IV)二烯中间体化合物的存在。在环境温度,向该反应浆液中一次性加入55.5g(0.72摩尔)乙酸铵。将反应混合物加热至~93℃,此时注意到反应容器中有轻微回流。将加热的混合物搅拌33分钟后,正相LC分析表明式(IV)二烯中间体化合物消失。向该反应混合物中加入400mL冷的自来水并将两相***再搅拌25分钟。将反应混合物转移到两升分液漏斗中。分离出底部水层(~600mL)并丢弃在用于处理物的废物容器中。对顶部的有机层(~607g)进行最终的分离/纯化阶段。所述有机层的GC测定分析(使用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为内标)表明5-(1-甲基硫基)乙基-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶的“罐内(in-pot)”收率为66%。在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩该有机层以除去大多数甲苯,然后将剩留的残余物转移到装备有热电偶套管(使用数字温度监测)和单片微蒸馏头装置的250mL三颈圆底烧瓶中。使用真空并收集三个馏分:
馏分#1(在0.5mmHg的沸点为59-70℃)收集1.12g液体。
馏分#2(在~0.1mmHg的沸点为68-80℃)收集65.64g黄色液体。
馏分#3(在0.01mmHg的沸点为58-62℃)收集2.76g液体。
馏分#2分离5-(1-甲基硫基)乙基-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶,收率为约55%(基于起始3-甲基硫基丁醛),GC测定分析表明其纯度为97%(使用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为内标)。
实施例3:5-(1-甲基硫基)乙基-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶的替代制备方法
Figure BDA0000048359030000101
向装备有机械搅拌、氮气垫和温度探针的2-升三颈圆底烧瓶中装入152.0g(1.10摩尔)碳酸钾固体,然后加入~1升甲苯。向该混合物中加入71.1g(1.00摩尔)吡咯烷。将反应混合物在冰-水浴中冷却,然后历时1小时16分钟通过加料漏斗连续加入118.20g(1.00摩尔)3-甲基硫基丁醛。调整醛的加入速度使内部反应温度保持低于~10℃。移去冰-水浴,使反应混合物温热至环境温度并再搅拌3小时30分钟。此时,GC分析表明起始的3-甲基硫基丁醛存在约~0.4%(相对面积)。抽吸过滤反应混合物,滤饼用250mL新鲜甲苯冲洗。收集滤液并用额外50mL新鲜甲苯稀释。将1-(3-甲基硫基丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷/甲苯溶液不经进一步纯化即进行缩合反应。向装备有循环浴(含有Syltherm 800)、机械搅拌和热电偶套管(带有数字监测)的500mL夹套反应器中装入95.2g(1.32摩尔)乙基乙烯基醚(EVE),然后加入50mL甲苯。将反应混合物在冰-水浴中冷却,并历时2小时使用液面下加料管加入147.7g(1.11摩尔)三氟乙酰氯(TFAC)。通过控制TFAC气体的加入速度保持反应温度低于~10℃。将反应混合物在用冰-水浴冷却的情况下再搅拌2小时10分钟。此时,GC分析表明EVE起始物质存在约4.3%(GC相对面积)和4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮存在约80%(GC相对面积并减去甲苯峰面积)。将该4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮/甲苯溶液不经进一步纯化即进行缩合反应。向装备有机械搅拌和温度探针的3-升三颈圆底烧瓶中装入1-(3-甲基硫基丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷/甲苯溶液(实施例3)。向该混合物中一次性加入172.0g(1.7摩尔)三乙胺,将该混合物在冰-水浴中冷却。历时2小时通过加料漏斗向该冷却的混合物中连续加入4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮/甲苯溶液(实施例3)。在4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮的加入期间,内部反应温度从4℃升至8℃。在冰-水浴冷却的条件下搅拌10分钟后,移去冰-水浴,使反应混合物温热至环境温度并搅拌过夜(~15小时)。此时,进行正相LC以确定式(IV)二烯中间体化合物的存在。向该混合物中一次性加入100g(1.30摩尔)乙酸铵。将反应混合物加热至~90℃,此时注意到反应容器内有轻微回流。将加热的反应混合物搅拌2小时22分钟后,正相LC分析表明式(IV)二烯中间体消失。将反应混合物冷却至环境温度,加入500mL冷的自来水,然后使混合物搅拌2小时20分钟。弃去底部水层(~780mL),在旋转蒸发仪上浓缩上部有机层,得到275g深棕色油状物。对所述油状物进行的GC测定分析(使用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为内标)表明5-(1-甲基硫基)乙基-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶的“罐内”收率为69%。将粗制残余物转移到装备有热电偶套管(使用数字温度监测)和单片微蒸馏头的500mL圆底烧瓶中。施加真空并收集一个馏分:(在12mm Hg的沸点为101-125℃)收集132g液体。分离5-(1-甲基硫基)乙基-2-(三氟甲基)吡啶,其收率为56%(基于起始3-甲基硫基丁醛),GC测定分析表明其纯度为94%(使用邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为内标)。所分离产物的1H NMR与针对实施例1步骤2所记录的1H NMR相似。
实施例4:5-乙基-2-三氟甲基吡啶的制备
Figure BDA0000048359030000121
向装备有循环浴、机械搅拌、干冰/丙酮冷凝器和热电偶套管(带有数字监测)的500mL夹套反应器中装入100mL甲苯,然后一次性加入45.2g(0.63摩尔)乙基乙烯基醚。将反应混合物冷却至2℃,然后将聚四氟乙烯树脂管液面下放置在反应混合物中。然后历时1小时使三氟乙酰氯(TFAC)鼓泡通过该聚四氟乙烯树脂管直到已经加入99.9g(0.75摩尔)TFAC试剂。在TFAC加入过程中,内部反应温度从2℃升至6℃。然后将所述循环浴的温度设定在20℃,并使反应混合物温热至所述循环浴设定点,再搅拌1小时。此时,GC分析表明,4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮存在约89%(GC相对面积)。将该4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮/甲苯溶液收集在具有Polycap的玻璃瓶中并不经进一步纯化即用在所述缩合反应中。向装备有机械搅拌、热电偶套管(带有数字监测)、回流冷凝器的一升三颈圆底烧瓶中依次装入78.8g(0.57摩尔)无水碳酸钾、400mL甲苯和40.5g(0.57摩尔)吡咯烷。将所得浆液在冰-水浴中冷却,并历时1小时通过加料漏斗连续加入37.5g(0.52摩尔)丁醛。通过调整醛的加入速度将内部反应温度保持低于~7℃。在用冰-水浴冷却的情况下将反应混合物搅拌46分钟后,移去冰浴,使浆液温热至环境温度并搅拌过夜。此时,对反应混合物进行的GC分析表明完全形成了1-(丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷。抽吸过滤反应混合物,将滤液收集在装备有磁力搅拌器、热电偶套管(带有数字温度检测)和单片蒸馏头的一升三颈圆底烧瓶中。进行部分蒸馏以除去约275mL甲苯溶剂(在150mmHg的沸点为60-62℃)。所述1-(丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷/甲苯溶液不经进一步纯化即进行缩合反应。向装备有机械搅拌、热电偶套管(具有数字温度监测)和回流冷凝器的一升三颈圆底烧瓶中装入1-(丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷/甲苯溶液(实施例4)。向该混合物中一次性加入93.9g(0.93摩尔)三乙胺,在冰-水浴中冷却所述反应混合物。历时~3小时通过加料漏斗向该混合物中连续加入4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮/甲苯溶液(实施例4)。在4-氯-4-乙氧基-1,1,1-三氟丁烷-2-酮加入期间,内部反应温度从2℃升至10℃。在用冰-水浴冷却的情况下,将反应混合物再搅拌5分钟,然后移去冰-水浴。使反应混合物温热至环境温度并搅拌过夜。此时,GC分析表明存在未反应的1-(丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷和式(IV)二烯中间体。然后反应混合物加热至50℃并搅拌约1小时。对反应混合物进行的GC分析表明1-(丁-1-烯基)吡咯烷消失。将反应混合物冷却至约室温后,一次性加入60g(0.78摩尔)乙酸铵。将反应混合物加热至~90℃,此时注意到反应容器内有轻微回流。将加热的反应混合物搅拌30分钟后,正相LC分析表明反应混合物中仍然存在式(IV)二烯中间体。将反应混合物再搅拌45分钟后,正相LC表明反应混合物的组成没有变化。向反应混合物中一次性加入额外20g(0.26摩尔)乙酸铵。将反应混合物再搅拌30分钟,正相LC分析表明其与之前提取的那些反应混合物相比没有变化。向该反应混合物中加入200mL冷的自来水,将反应混合物转移到2-升分液漏斗中。分离底部水层并丢弃在用于处理物的废物容器中。对顶部的有机层(~336g)进行最终的分离/纯化阶段。所述有机层的GC测定分析表明粗制5-乙基-2-三氟甲基吡啶的“罐内(in-pot)”收率为71%。将该有机层转移到装备有磁力搅拌子、热电偶套管(带有数字温度监测)和单片蒸馏头的500mL三颈圆底烧瓶中。施加真空并收集三个馏分:
馏分#1(在156mmHg的沸点为45-67℃)收集192g液体。
馏分#2(在54mmHg的沸点为40-47℃)收集41g黄色液体。
馏分#3(在15mmHg的沸点为78-81℃t)收集59g液体。
馏分#3分离5-乙基-2-三氟甲基吡啶,收率为约62%(基于起始的丁醛),GC测定分析其纯度为96%(使用邻苯二甲酸二丙酯作为内标)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ1.27(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),2.74(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.68(dq,J=8.0,0.6Hz,1H),8.57(s,1H).13C NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3)δ14.9,25.9,120.1(q,J=2.7Hz),121.7(q,J=274Hz),136.4,142.6,145.8(q,J=34Hz),149.8.gC/EIMS(相对峰强度)m/z 175(90),160(100),106(35)。

Claims (3)

1.制备2-三氟甲基-5-(1-取代)烷基吡啶(I)的方法,
其中
R1和R2独立地表示H、C1-C4烷基,或者R1或R2与R3一起表示4-至6-元饱和环,或者R1与R2一起表示任选取代有O或N原子的3-至6-元饱和环;
R3表示C1-C4烷基或R3与R1或R2一起表示4-至6-元饱和环;和
X表示CH2、O或S;
所述方法包括:
i)使下式的烷基乙烯基醚与三氟乙酰氯接触
Figure FDA0000048359020000012
其中R表示C1-C4烷基,
得到式(II)的4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮:
Figure FDA0000048359020000013
式(II)R如前述所定义;
ii)在叔胺碱存在下使4-氯-4-烷氧基-1,1,1-三氟-2-丁酮(II)与烯胺(III)缩合得到式(IV)中间体,
烯胺(III)为:
Figure FDA0000048359020000014
式(III)中
R1、R2、R3和X如前述所定义;以及
R4和R5独立地表示氢、C1-C8烷基、C2-C8烯基、C1-C8芳基烷基、C1-C8卤代烷基、C1-C8烷氧基烷基、C1-C8烷基氨基烷基、芳基或杂芳基,或者R4和R5与N一起表示5-或6-元饱和或不饱和环;
式(IV)中间体为:
式(IV)中
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和X如前述所定义;以及
iii)在氨或能够产生氨的试剂的存在下,使式(IV)中间体环合。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中R1和R2独立表示H或甲基,R3表示甲基,以及X表示S。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述能够产生氨的试剂为有机酸的铵盐。
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