CN101807592A - 固体摄像装置 - Google Patents

固体摄像装置 Download PDF

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CN101807592A
CN101807592A CN201010116043A CN201010116043A CN101807592A CN 101807592 A CN101807592 A CN 101807592A CN 201010116043 A CN201010116043 A CN 201010116043A CN 201010116043 A CN201010116043 A CN 201010116043A CN 101807592 A CN101807592 A CN 101807592A
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斋藤真梨子
井上郁子
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Toshiba Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供一种固体摄像装置,对于在硅基板的贯通孔内形成的贯通电极,能够降低在硅基板和导电体层之间产生的短路不良。在固体摄像装置中,在半导体基板的第一主面上形成有摄像元件,在上述半导体基板的与上述第一主面相对置的第二主面上形成有外部端子。在开设于上述半导体基板的贯通孔内形成有绝缘膜。在上述贯通孔内的上述绝缘膜上形成有贯通电极,与上述外部端子电连接。在上述半导体基板的上述第一主面上和上述贯通电极上形成有第一层间绝缘膜。在上述第一层间绝缘膜上形成有第一电极。在上述贯通电极和上述第一电极之间的上述第一层间绝缘膜内形成有第一接触插塞,将上述贯通电极和上述第一电极电连接。

Description

固体摄像装置
本申请基于2009年2月13日提出的日本申请No.2009-031430,并要求其优先权,并且,本申请在此援引了其所有内容。
技术领域
本发明涉及形成于半导体基板的具有贯通电极的固体摄像装置,例如涉及摄像机模块。
背景技术
近年来,各种电子设备的小型化不断发展,对于具有半导体图像传感器的固体摄像装置也要求小型化。作为用于实现小型化的技术之一,有如下的贯通电极:从形成有半导体图像传感器的半导体芯片的背面侧到表面侧的内部电极形成贯通孔,通过埋入到贯通孔内的导电体层将背面侧的电极和表面侧的内部电极电连接。
以往,贯通电极的形成方法例如如下所述。从硅基板的背面侧到表面侧形成贯通孔,然后,在贯通孔内形成绝缘膜。接着,将贯通孔延伸到存在于贯通孔的底面和内部电极之间的上述绝缘膜和层间绝缘膜,然后在贯通孔内埋入导电体层(贯通电极)(例如参照日本特开2007-53149号公报)。
但是,在层间绝缘膜上形成贯通孔时,要在厚度大约50μm~100μm的硅基板下形成直径大约20μm~30μm的小尺寸的贯通孔,因而必须增厚抗蚀剂膜厚,存在由于对抗蚀剂进行图案化时的显影时间较长而导致制造成本上升的问题。此外,由于在去除抗蚀剂时使用的等离子去胶(plasma asher),贯通孔中形成在硅基板上的绝缘膜受到损伤,存在在硅基板和导电体层之间产生短路的问题。
发明内容
本发明的一种方式的固体摄像装置具有:摄像元件,形成在半导体基板的第一主面上;外部端子,形成在上述半导体基板的与上述第一主面相对置的第二主面上;绝缘膜,形成在上述半导体基板上开设的贯通孔内;贯通电极,形成在上述贯通孔内的上述绝缘膜上,与上述外部端子电连接;第一层间绝缘膜,形成在上述半导体基板的上述第一主面上和上述贯通电极上;第一电极,形成在上述第一层间绝缘膜上;以及第一接触插塞(contactplug),形成在上述贯通电极和上述第一电极之间的上述第一层间绝缘膜内,将上述贯通电极和上述第一电极电连接。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的实施方式的摄像机模块的结构的剖视图。
图2是放大上述实施方式的摄像机模块中的硅半导体基板和玻璃基板部分后的剖视图。
图3是放大上述实施方式的摄像机模块中的贯通电极和电极极板部分后的剖视图。
图4是上述实施方式的摄像机模块中的从极板开口部侧观察到的贯通电极和电极极板部分的俯视图。
图5是表示上述实施方式的摄像机模块中的贯通电极的制造方法的第一工序的剖视图。
图6是表示上述实施方式的摄像机模块中的贯通电极的制造方法的第二工序的剖视图。
图7是表示上述实施方式的摄像机模块中的贯通电极的制造方法的第三工序的剖视图。
图8是表示上述实施方式的摄像机模块中的贯通电极的制造方法的第四工序的剖视图。
图9是表示上述实施方式的摄像机模块中的贯通电极的制造方法的第五工序的剖视图。
图10是表示上述实施方式的摄像机模块中的贯通电极的制造方法的第六工序的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。在此,作为固体摄像装置,选取摄像机模块作为例子。在说明时,在全部附图中对共同的部分标注共同的标号。
图1是表示本发明的实施方式的摄像机模块的结构的剖视图。在形成有摄像元件(未图示)的硅半导体基板(摄像元件芯片)10的第一主面上,通过粘接剂11形成有透光性支撑基板、例如玻璃基板12。在玻璃基板12上通过粘接剂13配置有IR(红外线)截止滤波器14,在IR截止滤波器14上通过粘接剂15配置有包括摄像透镜16的透镜座17。此外,在硅基板10的与第一主面相对置的第二主面上形成有外部端子(电极)、例如焊锡球18。在硅基板10和玻璃基板12的周围配置有遮光兼电磁遮蔽罩(shield)19,该遮光兼电磁遮蔽罩19用粘接剂20与透镜座17粘接。通过这样的结构,形成摄像机模块100。
上述摄像机模块100例如通过焊锡球18直接安装(COB:Chip OnBoard)在由树脂或者陶瓷构成的安装基板200上。
接着,详细说明图1中的硅基板10和玻璃基板12的剖面构造。图2是放大实施方式的摄像机模块中的硅基板和玻璃基板部分后的剖视图。摄像机模块具有形成有摄像元件21的摄像像素部和对从该摄像像素部输出的信号进行处理的周边电路部。
摄像机模块的摄像像素部具有以下的结构。在硅基板10的第一主面上配置有元件分离绝缘层(例如STI(Shallow Trench Isolation:浅沟槽隔离))22和用元件分离绝缘层22分离出的元件区域。在元件区域上形成有包括光电二极管和晶体管的摄像元件21。在形成有摄像元件21的第一主面上形成有层间绝缘膜(第一层间绝缘膜)23,在层间绝缘膜23上形成有层间绝缘膜(第二层间绝缘膜)24。并且,在层间绝缘膜24中形成有布线25。
在层间绝缘膜24上形成有钝化膜(パッシベ-ション膜)26,在钝化膜26上形成有基底层27。在基底层27上以与摄像元件21相对应的方式分别配置有滤色器28。在滤色器28上形成有外涂层29,在外涂层29上以与摄像元件21(或者滤色器28)相对应的方式分别形成有微透镜30。并且,微透镜30上成为空洞31,在该空洞31上配置有透光性支撑基板(透明基板)、例如玻璃基板12。
在摄像机模块的周边电路部上形成有以下的贯通电极和电极极板(electrode pad)。在硅基板10的第一主面上形成有层间绝缘膜23,在层间绝缘膜23上形成有内部电极(第一电极)32。并且,在内部电极32上隔着层间绝缘膜24形成有元件面电极(第二电极)33。在内部电极32和元件面电极33之间的层间绝缘膜24内形成有电连接这些电极之间的接触插塞(第二接触插塞)34。从与第一主面垂直的方向观察时,接触插塞34配置在不与贯通孔重合的区域。另外,元件面电极33被用于经由例如接触插塞34、内部电极32进行电压的施加和信号的读取等。例如,在芯片分选测试(die sort test)时,测试针抵接在元件面电极33上。
在硅基板10上,从第二主面到第一主面,即从第二主面到层间绝缘膜23开设有贯通孔。在贯通孔的侧面上和第二主面上形成有绝缘膜35。并且,在贯通孔的内面上即绝缘膜35上和层间绝缘膜23上形成有导电体层(贯通电极)36。在此,在导电体层36和内部电极32之间的层间绝缘膜23内形成有将导电体层36和内部电极32电连接的接触插塞(第一接触插塞)37。从与第一主面垂直的方向观察时,接触插塞37配置在贯通电极36和层间绝缘膜23相接触的区域内。内部电极32与摄像元件21或者形成于周边电路部的周边电路(未图示)电连接。由此,形成于贯通孔的贯通电极将焊锡球18与摄像元件21或者周边电路电连接。
此外,在导电体层36上、以及第二主面上的绝缘膜35上形成有保护膜例如焊料抗蚀剂38。并且,在第二主面上,导电体层36上的焊料抗蚀剂38的一部分开口,在露出的导电体层36上形成有焊锡球18。
此外,在元件面电极33上形成有钝化膜26。在钝化膜26上形成有基底层27,在基底层27上形成有外涂层29。并且,在外涂层29上形成有苯乙烯系树脂层39。对配置于元件面电极33上的这些钝化膜26、基底层27、外涂层29以及苯乙烯系树脂层39进行开口,形成极板开口部40。在苯乙烯系树脂层39上和元件面电极33上通过粘接剂11形成有玻璃基板12。另外,粘接剂11被图案化,没有配置在摄像元件21上(或者微透镜30上)。
另外,焊料抗蚀剂38例如由酚醛系树脂、或者聚酰亚胺系树脂、氨基系树脂等构成。焊锡球18使用例如Sn-Pb(共晶)或者95Pb-Sn(高铅高熔点焊锡),作为Pb自由焊锡,使用Sn-Ag、Sn-Cu、Sn-Ag-Cu等。
接着,详细说明实施方式的摄像机模块中的贯通电极和电极部分。图3是放大摄像机模块中的贯通电极和电极部分后的剖视图。图4是从极板开口部侧观察到的贯通电极和电极部分的俯视图。另外,在图3和图4中,图示到形成于层间绝缘膜24上的钝化膜26为止,省略形成于钝化膜26上的部件。
在图3中,如上所述,在硅基板10的第二主面到第一主面的贯通孔内形成有贯通电极36。在硅基板10的第一主面上隔着层间绝缘膜23形成有内部电极32。在贯通电极36和内部电极32之间的层间绝缘膜23内形成有接触插塞37。如图4所示,从与第一主面垂直的方向观察时,即从极板开口部侧观察时,接触插塞37配置在贯通电极36和层间绝缘膜23相接触的区域内。另外,在图3和图4中,41表示贯通电极36和层间绝缘膜23相接触的区域内,42表示贯通孔在第一主面上的外形。
接着,说明实施方式的摄像机模块中的贯通电极的制造方法。图5~图10是表示摄像机模块中的贯通电极的制造方法的各个工序的剖视图。
首先,如图5所示,在硅基板10的第一主面上形成层间绝缘膜23。接着,在层间绝缘膜23上形成接触插塞37,在接触插塞37上和层间绝缘膜23上形成内部电极32。由此,用接触插塞37将硅基板10和内部电极32连接。按照以下方式形成接触插塞37。通过光刻工序在层间绝缘膜23上形成孔之后,在层间绝缘膜23上堆积金属料例如钨(W),在孔内埋入钨。接着,通过CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polish:化学机械抛光)工序对层间绝缘膜23上的多余的钨进行研磨。然后,在层间绝缘膜23上形成内部电极32例如铝(Al)膜或者铜(Cu)膜。
接着,如图6所示,在硅基板10上加工贯通孔43。接着,如图7所示,在贯通孔43的内面上,即在贯通孔43的侧面上和底面(层间绝缘膜23的面)上形成绝缘膜35。然后,如图8所示,在绝缘膜35上涂覆抗蚀剂44,如图9所示,通过光刻工序对抗蚀剂44进行图案化。
接着,如图10所示,去除未被抗蚀剂44保护的绝缘膜35。即,去除形成有接触插塞37的层间绝缘膜23上的绝缘膜35。然后,在剥离抗蚀剂44之后,如图3所示,在绝缘膜35上、接触插塞37上以及层间绝缘膜23上形成导电体层36。由此,制造出通过接触插塞37与内部电极32连接的贯通电极(导电体层)。
根据具有上述构造的实施方式,用接触插塞37连接贯通电极(导电体层)36和内部电极32,由此,能够省去在第一主面上的层间绝缘膜23上加工贯通孔的工序。由此,能够使抗蚀剂44的膜厚变薄,因而能够缩短抗蚀剂44的图案化时间,能够降低制造成本。此外,由于能够将抗蚀剂44的膜厚薄膜化,因此,能够利用在剥离抗蚀剂44时使用的等离子去胶来减轻绝缘膜35受到的损伤。由此,能够降低在贯通电极36和硅基板10之间产生的短路。
另外,在此示出了配置2个电极(内部电极32、元件面电极33)的例子,但是只要配置至少1层以上的电极即可。例如,也可以在内部电极32和元件面电极33之间的层间绝缘膜24内配置1个或者多个电极极板。此外,在此示出了在层间绝缘膜24内形成3层布线25的例子。
此外,在元件面电极33上的极板开口部40中,钝化膜26的开口端与基底层27、外涂层29以及苯乙烯系树脂层39的开口端之间的位置不同而形成阶梯,但是,也可以形成为这些开口端的位置一致。此外,外涂层29的开口端与苯乙烯系树脂层39的开口端之间的位置既可以具有阶梯,也可以不具有阶梯。并且,示出了元件面电极33上的钝化膜26、基底层27、外涂层29以及树脂层39上进行开口而形成极板开口部40的例子,但是,也可以是不对这些膜进行开口从而不形成极板开口部的构造。
本发明的实施方式提供一种固体摄像装置,对于在硅基板的贯通孔内形成的贯通电极,能够降低在硅基板和导电体层之间产生的短路不良。
另外,前述的实施方式不是唯一的实施方式,通过变更上述结构或者追加各种结构,能够形成各种实施方式。
本领域技术人员能够很容易地发现其他优点和变形。因此,从更宽的方面讲本发明并不限于说明书中描述的特定实施方式。在不脱离权利要求书或其等价物所定义的发明构思的范围内能够对本申请进行各种变形。

Claims (10)

1.一种固体摄像装置,具有:
摄像元件,形成在半导体基板的第一主面上;
外部端子,形成在上述半导体基板的与上述第一主面相对置的第二主面上;
绝缘膜,形成在上述半导体基板上开设的贯通孔内;
贯通电极,形成在上述贯通孔内的上述绝缘膜上,与上述外部端子电连接;
第一层间绝缘膜,形成在上述半导体基板的上述第一主面上和上述贯通电极上;
第一电极,形成在上述第一层间绝缘膜上;以及
第一接触插塞,形成在上述贯通电极和上述第一电极之间的上述第一层间绝缘膜内,将上述贯通电极和上述第一电极电连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的固体摄像装置,其中,
从与上述半导体基板的上述第一主面垂直的方向观察时,上述第一接触插塞配置在上述贯通电极和上述第一层间绝缘膜相接触的区域内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的固体摄像装置,其中,
上述固体摄像装置还具有:
第二层间绝缘膜,形成在上述第一电极上;
第二电极,形成在上述第二层间绝缘膜上;
钝化膜,形成在上述第二电极上和上述第二层间绝缘膜上,具有开口部,上述开口部露出上述第二电极的一部分;以及
第二接触插塞,形成在上述第一电极和上述第二电极之间,将上述第一电极和上述第二电极电连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的固体摄像装置,其中,
从与上述半导体基板的上述第一主面垂直的方向观察时,上述第二接触插塞配置在不与上述贯通孔重合的区域、或者不与上述钝化膜所具有的上述开口部重合的区域。
5.根据权利要求1所述的固体摄像装置,其中,
上述固体摄像装置还具有:
滤色器,与上述摄像元件相对应地配置在上述摄像元件上;以及
微透镜,配置在上述滤色器上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的固体摄像装置,其中,
上述固体摄像装置还具有:
透光性支撑基板,配置在上述半导体基板的上方;以及
粘接材料,粘接上述半导体基板和上述透光性支撑基板。
7.根据权利要求6所述的固体摄像装置,其中,
在上述微透镜和上述透光性支撑基板之间存在空洞。
8.根据权利要求6所述的固体摄像装置,其中,
上述固体摄像装置还具有:
摄像透镜,配置在上述透光性支撑基板的上方。
9.根据权利要求8所述的固体摄像装置,其中,
上述固体摄像装置还具有:
红外线截止滤波器,配置在上述透光性支撑基板和上述摄像透镜之间。
10.根据权利要求1所述的固体摄像装置,其中,
上述贯通电极将上述摄像元件和上述外部端子电连接。
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