WO2023077849A1 - 一种轨道客车低噪声空调风道 - Google Patents
一种轨道客车低噪声空调风道 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023077849A1 WO2023077849A1 PCT/CN2022/104032 CN2022104032W WO2023077849A1 WO 2023077849 A1 WO2023077849 A1 WO 2023077849A1 CN 2022104032 W CN2022104032 W CN 2022104032W WO 2023077849 A1 WO2023077849 A1 WO 2023077849A1
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- air
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
- B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/162—Selection of materials
- G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rail car ventilation device, in particular to a low-noise air-conditioning air duct for a rail car.
- Air-conditioning and ventilation system is an indispensable part of the passenger compartment of rail transit vehicles, and its performance directly affects the comfort of passengers. Reducing the noise of air-conditioning and ventilation systems and improving the uniformity of air supply in air-conditioning ducts have always been the focus of professional research on HVAC design.
- the distance between the air-conditioning duct and the air outlet roof of the passenger compartment is very close, and the noise of the air-conditioning unit is easily transmitted into the passenger compartment.
- the commonly used method is to paste sound-absorbing cotton inside the air-conditioning duct.
- the sound-absorbing cotton inside the air-conditioning duct can only absorb high-frequency noise better. Since the main noise sources of the air-conditioning unit are compressors, condensing fans, and evaporating fans, etc., most of the noise emitted by them is low-frequency noise. To reduce the low-frequency noise of air conditioning units, new noise reduction methods are required.
- Chinese patent CN111361582B discloses a low-noise air-supply channel for rail vehicles, which can absorb noise by affixing a micro-perforated plate of the order of silk on the windward surface inside the air channel.
- this solution requires a certain air gap between the micro-perforated plate and the windward side of the air duct to ensure the absorption effect, which makes the processing and manufacturing of the air duct more difficult.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-noise air-conditioning duct for rail passenger cars that is easy to process and can effectively absorb low-frequency noise of the air-conditioning unit in view of the problem that the noise of the existing top-mounted air-conditioning unit is easily transmitted into the passenger compartment.
- a low-noise air-conditioning air duct for rail passenger cars comprising an air-conditioning return air outlet, an air-conditioning air supply opening, an air supply channel and an air return channel, the air-conditioning air supply opening is connected to the air-conditioning An air channel, the air supply channel includes a dynamic pressure air channel and a static pressure air channel arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the air supply channel, the dynamic pressure air channel communicates with the static pressure air channel through a ventilation hole, and the air conditioner
- the return air outlet is connected to the return air channel, and its structural features are:
- a muffler is arranged in the dynamic pressure air duct below the air-conditioning outlet, and the muffler includes a left arc plate and a right arc plate; the adjacent sides of the left arc plate and the right arc plate are connected to form One body, the opposite sides extend in an arc shape to one end of the air supply channel respectively; the two ends of the left circular arc plate and the right circular arc plate are respectively closed by stiffener plates, so that the left circular arc plate, right circular arc plate, The bottom plate of the air supply channel and the rib plates at both ends are surrounded to form a sound-absorbing cavity; the left circular arc plate and the right circular arc plate are respectively uniformly distributed with sound-absorbing micro-holes, and the sound-absorbing cavity is filled with sound-absorbing cotton for absorbing the noise of the air conditioning unit .
- the left circular arc plate and the right circular arc plate extending arc-shaped to the two ends of the air supply channel can play a role of gas guide , reduce the resistance of the air duct, thereby reducing the pressure head and noise of the evaporating fan.
- the sound-absorbing micropores and sound-absorbing cotton set on it can absorb the low-frequency noise and eddy current noise generated by the air supply of the air conditioning unit.
- the muffler of the present invention is easy to process and easy to install, which facilitates the production and installation of the low-noise air-conditioning air supply duct of rail passenger cars.
- the bottom plate of the static pressure air duct is provided with an air duct air supply hole arranged in a dislocation with the ventilation hole, and the static pressure air duct communicates with the perforated plate on the top of the passenger compartment to supply air through the air duct air supply hole.
- the area makes the air supply channel form a multi-level air supply structure, which not only improves the uniformity of the air supply, but also prolongs the path of noise transmission, resulting in a better noise reduction effect.
- a splitter plate is installed under the air supply hole of the air duct to guide the airflow sent out from the air supply hole of the air duct to the surroundings.
- the splitter plate has a symmetrical structure, and the installation seat, the horizontal splitter and the inclined splitter are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, and an airflow is arranged between the horizontal splitter, the inclined splitter and the air supply hole of the air duct gap.
- the air flow velocity is slowed down, and the air flow noise caused by the air flow hitting the bottom plate of the perforated plate air supply area on the top of the passenger compartment at a high speed is avoided.
- each inclined flow splitter is respectively provided with a porous structure.
- the porous structure includes a plurality of distributing holes distributed in a certain shape, and each distributing hole is arranged obliquely relative to the air supply direction of the air supply hole of the air duct.
- a waste exhaust fan and a waste exhaust duct are arranged in the air conditioning unit, and a multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure is arranged on the bottom plate of the air conditioning unit, and a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure is provided at the waste exhaust air inlet of the waste exhaust duct.
- the entrance of the labyrinth sound-absorbing structure is connected to the passenger room, and the exit is connected to the waste air inlet;
- the multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure includes damping mortar, sound-absorbing cotton, insulation Acoustic felt and the fixing plate connected and fixed on the air conditioning unit.
- the present invention can reduce the vibration and noise of the main noise sources of the air-conditioning unit—compressor, waste exhaust fan, evaporator fan, and condensing fan—through the multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure, and greatly improve the passenger comfort of the passenger compartment.
- the present invention arranges a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure at the waste exhaust air inlet of the waste exhaust duct, on the one hand prolonging the propagation path for the noise of the waste exhaust fan to enter the passenger room, and avoiding the noise of the waste exhaust fan from directly entering the passenger room; The noise of the exhaust fan is isolated, and the airflow noise of the exhaust is absorbed.
- the labyrinth sound-absorbing structure is a labyrinth-like structure formed by a series of sound-absorbing plates.
- the sound-absorbing plate includes an L-shaped main body, the upper end of the main body abuts against the bottom plate of the air-conditioning unit, the lower end is fixed on the upper surface of the air-conditioning duct, and the side of the main body close to the waste exhaust fan is provided for
- the sound insulation felt is used to isolate the noise of the exhaust fan, and the sound-absorbing cotton for absorbing the noise of the exhaust flow is installed on the side away from the exhaust fan.
- a sound-absorbing and noise-reducing structure is provided on the windward surface of the waste exhaust duct to further absorb the airflow noise of the waste exhaust.
- the sound-absorbing and noise-reducing structure includes sound-absorbing cotton arranged on the windward surface of the waste exhaust duct and a microporous plate coated on the sound-absorbing cotton, and the microporous plate is fixed on the waste exhaust air duct.
- a waste exhaust sound-absorbing cavity is formed between the microporous plate and the windward side of the waste exhaust air duct, so as to increase the low-frequency sound absorption effect of the waste exhaust air duct.
- the end of the return air passage is provided with a return air branch pipe, and the air inlet of the return air branch pipe is arranged at the bottom area of the seat in the passenger compartment, so that the distance between the air inlet of the return air passage and the return air outlet of the air conditioner is very far, and through the return air passage Enough to eliminate the noise produced by the air conditioning unit.
- a muffler is arranged under the air outlet of the air conditioner (at the entrance of the air supply channel) to play the role of gas diversion. On the one hand, it reduces the resistance of the air duct, thereby reducing the pressure head and noise of the evaporating fan. On the one hand, the eddy current noise here can be reduced.
- the present invention installs a splitter plate under the air duct air supply holes at the bottom of the air duct, which not only ensures the uniform diffusion of the airflow output from the air duct air supply holes, but also reduces the air duct resistance and air impact noise.
- the return air outlet of the air conditioner of the present invention extends to the bottom area of the seat in the passenger compartment through a longer return air branch pipe, and the long return air passage prevents the noise of the air conditioner unit from entering the passenger compartment through the return air outlet.
- the ventilation hole between the dynamic and static pressure air duct inside the air supply channel of the present invention is misplaced with the air duct air supply hole at the bottom of the static pressure air duct, which prolongs the noise transmission path of the air conditioning unit and reduces the transmission of the air supply channel into the passenger room. noise, which greatly improves the comfort of passengers in the passenger compartment.
- the present invention sets a multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure on the bottom plate of the air conditioning unit, which reduces the vibration and noise of the main noise sources of the air conditioning unit—compressors, waste exhaust fans, evaporating fans and condensing fans, and can greatly reduce the noise of the air conditioning unit.
- the noise introduced into the passenger compartment through the floor of the air-conditioning unit greatly improves the passenger comfort in the passenger compartment.
- a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure is set at the air inlet of the waste exhaust fan. On the one hand, it prolongs the transmission path of the noise of the waste exhaust fan into the passenger room, avoiding the noise of the waste exhaust fan from directly entering the passenger room, and on the other hand, it isolates the noise of the waste exhaust fan. (about 3dBA), and absorb the airflow noise of the waste exhaust.
- the air-conditioning and ventilation system provided by the present invention has not only improved the uniformity of the airflow distribution in the passenger room, but also reduced the noise in the passenger room (experiments have proved that the noise is reduced by 3 ⁇ 4dBA, which is equivalent to two air-conditioning units running at the same time.
- the noise of the air-conditioning system is only one-half of the original), which improves the passenger comfort in the passenger compartment as a whole.
- Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the low-noise air-conditioning air duct of rail passenger car of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is the sectional view of low-noise air-conditioning air duct of rail passenger car of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is the front view of the air conditioning duct of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is the rear view of the air conditioning duct of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the air-conditioning duct of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a splitter plate of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is the structural representation of muffler of the present invention.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure of the present invention.
- Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a sound-absorbing panel of the present invention.
- Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure under the bottom plate of the air conditioning unit of the present invention.
- an embodiment of the low-noise air-conditioning air duct of the rail passenger car of the present invention comprises an air-conditioning air duct 1, an air-conditioning air supply port 2, an air-conditioning return air port 3, a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure 4, a splitter plate 5, an air-conditioning unit 6, muffler7.
- the air conditioning duct 1 includes an air supply channel and a return air channel 11 arranged side by side.
- the air supply passage includes a dynamic pressure air passage 12 and a static pressure air passage 13 arranged side by side along the longitudinal direction of the air supply passage, and the dynamic pressure air passage 12 and the static pressure air passage 13 are separated by an air supply partition 15 Open, and communicate with the waist-shaped ventilation hole 152 provided on the air supply partition 15, the air duct air supply hole 16 arranged in a dislocation with the ventilation hole 152 is arranged on the bottom plate of the static pressure air duct 13, and the static pressure air duct 13
- the compressed air channel 13 communicates with the perforated plate air supply area on the top of the passenger compartment through the air channel air supply holes 16 .
- the front end of the dynamic pressure air duct 12 is connected to the air-conditioning air outlet 2 , and the front end of the air return channel 11 is connected to the air-conditioning return air outlet 3 .
- a splitter plate 5 is installed below the air duct air supply hole 16 .
- the splitter plate 5 is a symmetrical structure, and from the outside to the inside are the mounting seat 502, the horizontal splitter 504 and the inclined splitter 505, and the horizontal splitter 504 and the inclined splitter 505 are in line with the described Air flow gaps are set between the air duct air supply holes 16 .
- Rivet holes 503 are respectively provided on the two mounting bases 502 .
- the splitter plate 5 is connected to the bottom plate of the static pressure air duct 13 through the rivets passing through the rivet holes 503 .
- each inclined splitter 505 is respectively provided with a porous structure 501
- the porous structure 501 includes a plurality of splitter holes distributed in a certain shape (such as a circle), Each distribution hole is arranged obliquely relative to the air supply direction of the air duct air supply hole 16 .
- the horizontal splitter 504, the inclined splitter 505 and the splitter holes of the porous structure 501 can release the airflow impact and air supply resistance here, reduce the airflow impact noise, and provide a comfortable and low-noise riding environment for the passenger compartment.
- the end of the return air passage 11 is provided with a series of return air branch pipes 111, and the air inlet of the return air branch pipe 111 is arranged at the bottom area of the seat in the passenger compartment, which is far away from the return air outlet of the air conditioning unit, so that the return air passage 11 and the return air branch pipes 111 is enough to silence the noise produced by the air conditioning unit.
- an evaporation chamber, a condensation chamber and a waste discharge chamber are arranged in the air conditioning unit 6, an evaporator 61 and an evaporation fan 62 are installed in the evaporation chamber, a condenser 65 and a condensation fan 66 are installed in the condensation chamber, and the waste discharge chamber
- a waste exhaust fan 67 and a waste exhaust duct 68 are installed inside, and the waste exhaust fan 67 is connected to the waste exhaust duct 68 .
- the air conditioner unit 6 is installed on the air conditioner air supply port 2 and the air conditioner return air port 3 of the air conditioner duct 1 , and the evaporation chamber communicates with the air conditioner air supply port 2 and the air conditioner return air port 3 .
- a multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure is installed under the bottom plate 69 of the air conditioner unit 6 , and a muffler 7 is installed at the air outlet 2 of the air conditioner.
- the muffler 7 includes a left arc plate 701 and a right arc plate 702 .
- the adjacent sides of the left circular arc plate 701 and the right circular arc plate 702 are connected into one body, and the opposite sides respectively extend in an arc shape to the two ends of the dynamic pressure air duct 12 to play the role of gas diversion, on the one hand Reduce the air duct resistance, thereby reducing the pressure head and noise of the evaporation fan 62, and on the other hand, reduce the eddy current noise here.
- Both ends of the left circular arc plate 701 and the right circular arc plate 702 are respectively closed by stiffener plates 704, so that the left circular arc plate 701, the right circular arc plate 702, the bottom plate of the dynamic pressure air duct and the stiffener plates 704 at both ends are enclosed.
- the left circular arc plate 701 and the right circular arc plate 702 are respectively evenly distributed with sound-absorbing microholes 703, and the sound-absorbing cavity is filled with thicker sound-absorbing cotton for absorbing low-frequency noise, so as to increase the number of mufflers 7 pairs of air-conditioning units. 6.
- the waste exhaust air inlet of the waste exhaust air duct 68 is arranged between the air conditioner unit bottom plate 69 and the air conditioning air duct 1 , and a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure 4 is arranged at the waste exhaust air inlet.
- the labyrinth sound-absorbing structure 4 is a labyrinth-shaped air inlet structure formed by arranging more than a dozen sound-absorbing plates 41 .
- the labyrinth sound-absorbing structure 4 prolongs the path of the noise transmission of the waste exhaust fan 67, avoiding the noise of the waste exhaust fan from being directly introduced into the passenger room.
- the sound-absorbing plate 41 includes a main body 411 made of an L-shaped aluminum plate.
- the upper end of the main body 411 abuts against the bottom plate 69 of the air-conditioning unit, and the lower end is riveted on the upper surface of the air-conditioning duct 1, and the main body 411 is close to the waste discharge.
- the sound insulation felt 413 is pasted on the side of the fan, and the sound-absorbing cotton 412 is pasted on the side away from the exhaust fan. Like this, can stop the noise of exhaust blower 67 to transmit by sound-proof felt 413, can absorb airflow noise by sound-absorbing cotton 412 again, provide comfortable and low-noise riding environment for passenger compartment.
- a sound-absorbing and noise-reducing structure is provided on the windward surface of the waste exhaust duct 68 .
- the sound-absorbing and noise-reducing structure is to paste sound-absorbing cotton on the windward surface of the waste exhaust duct 68, and cover it with a microporous plate, and rivet and fix the microporous plate on the wall surface of the waste exhaust duct 68 to form a waste exhaust sound-absorbing
- the cavity increases the low-frequency sound absorption effect of the exhaust air duct 68.
- the multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure includes damping glue 691, sound-absorbing cotton 692, sound insulation felt 693 and fixing plate 694 arranged in sequence on the lower surface of the bottom plate 69 of the air conditioning unit, and the fixing plate 694 is installed and fixed on the frame of the air-conditioning unit 6 by rivets 695 to support the whole noise reduction structure.
- the damping glue 691 is first sprayed on the lower surface of the bottom plate 69 of the air conditioner unit, then the sound-absorbing cotton 692 is attached, and then the sound-insulating felt 693 is arranged on the back of the sound-absorbing cotton 692, and finally the fixing plate 694 is installed under the sound-absorbing felt 693 Support the entire sound-absorbing structure.
- This multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure can reduce the vibration of the compressor 64, exhaust fan 67, evaporation fan 62 and condensation fan 66 on the one hand, and can isolate and absorb the noise generated by them on the other hand.
- the airflow sent by the evaporating fan 62 of the air conditioning unit 6 passes through the muffler 7 and first enters the dynamic pressure air duct 12 for expansion, and then enters the static pressure air duct 13 through the waist-shaped ventilation hole 152 for further expansion. Finally, it is sent into the air supply area of the perforated plate on the top of the passenger compartment through the air duct air supply hole 16 and the splitter plate 5 arranged in a misplaced position with the waist-shaped ventilation hole 152.
- This multi-level air supply structure not only improves the air supply uniformity, but also The path of noise transmission is extended, resulting in a better noise reduction effect.
- the exhaust blower 67 absorbs the excess gas in the room through the exhaust duct 68 and the labyrinth sound-absorbing structure 4 provided at the exhaust air inlet thereof, and discharges it to the outside of the vehicle.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种轨道客车低噪声空调风道，包括空调回风口（3）、空调送风口（2）、送风通道及回风通道（11），所述空调送风口连接所述送风通道，所述空调送风口下面的送风通道里面设置消音器（7），所述消音器包括左圆弧板（701）和右圆弧板（702）；所述左圆弧板和右圆弧板的相邻侧连接成一体，相背侧分别向所述送风通道的一端呈弧状延伸；所述左圆弧板和右圆弧板的两端分别由加强筋板（704）封闭，使左圆弧板、右圆弧板、送风通道底板及两端加强筋板围设形成吸音腔；所述左圆弧板和右圆弧板上分别均布吸音微孔（03），所述吸音腔内填充用于吸收空调机组噪音的吸音棉。本发明便于加工，且极大地提升了客室乘客的乘坐舒适性。
Description
本发明涉及轨道客车通风设备，特别是一种轨道客车低噪声空调风道。
空调通风***作为轨道交通车辆客室的一个不可或缺的部件，其性能优劣直接影响着乘客乘坐的舒适性。降低空调通风***噪声，提升空调风道送风均匀性，一直是暖通设计专业研究的重点。
目前因轨道交通车辆内部空间有限，空调风道与客室出风顶板之间的距离很近，空调机组的噪声很容易传入客室。针对空调风道传入客室噪音较大的问题，普遍采用的方式是在空调风道内部贴吸音棉。但，空调风道内部的吸音棉仅对高频噪音的吸收效果较好，由于空调机组的主要噪声源为压缩机、冷凝风机、蒸发风机等，其传出的噪声大多为低频噪音，故为了降低空调机组的低频噪声，需要采取新的降噪方法。
中国专利CN111361582B公开了一种轨道车辆用低噪音送风通道，其通过在风道内部迎风面上贴上丝米级的微穿孔板可达到吸收噪声的目的。但这种方案要求微穿孔板与风道的迎风面之间留出一定的空气隙才能保证吸收效果，这使得风道的加工制造难度较大。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，针对现有顶置式空调机组的噪声极易传入客室的不足，提供一种便于加工，且能有效吸收空调机组低频噪音的轨道客车低噪声空调风道。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用了如下技术方案：一种轨道客车低噪声空调风道，包括空调回风口、空调送风口、送风通道及回风通道，所述空调送风口连接所述送风通道，所述送风通道包括沿所述送风通道纵向并列布置的动压风道和静压风道，所述动压风道与所述静压风道经通风孔连通，所述空调回风口连接所述回风通道，其结构特点在于：
所述空调送风口下面的所述动压风道里面设置消音器，所述消音器包括左圆弧板和右圆弧板；所述左圆弧板和右圆弧板的相邻侧连接成一体，相背侧分别向所述送风通道的一端呈弧状延伸；所述左圆弧板和右圆弧板的两端分别由加强筋板封闭，使左圆弧板、右圆弧板、送风通道底板及两端加强筋板围设形成吸音腔；所述左圆弧板和右圆弧板上分别均布吸音微孔，所述吸音腔内填充用于吸收空调机组噪音的吸音棉。
本发明通过在送风通道的入口处设置如上所述的消音器，一方面可通过向所述送风通道的两端呈弧状延伸的左圆弧板和右圆弧板起到气体导流作用，降低风道阻力，从而降低蒸发风机压头与噪声，另一方面可以通过其上设置的吸音微孔及吸音棉吸收空调机组送风产生的低频噪声及涡流噪声。另外，本发明消音器加工方便，安装简单，方便了轨道客车低噪声空调送风风道的生产及安装。
优选地，所述静压风道的底板上设置与所述通风孔错位布置的风道送风孔，且所述静压风道经所述风道送风孔连通客室顶部的多孔板送风区域，使送风通道形成多层次送风结构，既提高了送风均匀性，又延长了噪声传递的路径，产生了较好的降噪效果。
优选地，所述风道送风孔下面安装分流板，以将风道送风孔送出的气流往四周导流。
优选地，所述分流板为对称结构，从外至里依次设置安装座、水平分流部及倾斜分流部，且所述水平分流部和倾斜分流部与所述风道送风孔之间设置气流间隙。通过倾斜分流部的设置，减缓了气流流速，避免了气流以较高速度冲击客室顶部的多孔板送风区域底板而造成的气流噪声。
优选地，两个所述倾斜分流部的连接侧向上拱起为弧状，且各倾斜分流部上分别设置多孔结构。所述多孔结构包括呈一定形状分布的多个分流孔，各分流孔相对所述风道送风孔的送风方向倾斜设置。通过多孔结构，以及将分流孔相对风道送风孔的送风方向倾斜设置，释放了此处的气流冲击与送风阻力，提升了风道送风均匀性，同时降低了气流冲击噪声，为客室提供舒适低噪的乘车环境。
优选地，所述空调机组内设置废排风机及废排风道，并在空调机组底板上设置多层隔声降噪结构，且所述废排风道的废排进风口处设置有迷宫消音结构，所述迷宫消音结构的入口与客室连通，出口连接所述废排进风口；所述多层隔声降噪结构包括在所述空调机组底板上依次铺设的阻尼胶浆、吸音棉、隔声毡及连接固定在所述空调机组上的固定板。
这样，本发明可通过多层隔声降噪结构降低空调机组主要噪声源——压缩机、废排风机、蒸发风机与冷凝风机的振动与噪声，极大地提升客室乘客的乘坐舒适性。同时，本发明通过在废排风道的废排进风口处设置迷宫消音结构，一方面延长了废排风机噪声传入客室的传播路径，避免了废排风机噪声直接传入客室，另一方面隔离了废排风机噪声，并吸收了废排的气流噪声。
优选地，所述迷宫消音结构是由系列消音板布置而成的迷宫状结构。
优选地，所述消音板包括L型的主体，所述主体的上端抵接所述空调机组底板，下端固定在所述空调风道的上表面，且所述主体的靠近废排风机侧设置用于隔离废排风机噪声的隔声毡，远离废排风机侧设置用于吸收废排气流噪声的吸音棉。
优选地，所述废排风道的迎风面上设置吸音降噪结构，以进一步吸收废排的气流噪声。
优选地，所述吸音降噪结构包括在所述废排风道的迎风面上设置的吸音棉和包覆在吸音棉上的微孔板，且所述微孔板固定在所述废排风道上，使所述微孔板与所述废排风道的迎风面之间形成废排吸音腔，以增加废排风道的低频吸声效果。
优选地，所述回风通道的末端设置回风支管，所述回风支管的进风口设置在客室座椅底部区域，使回风通道的进风口与空调回风口距离很远，通过回风通道足以消除空调机组产生的噪声。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明在空调送风口的下面（送风通道的入口处）设置消音器，起到气体导流作用，一方面降低了风道阻力，从而降低了蒸发风机的压头与噪声，另一方面可以降低此处的涡流噪声。
2、本发明在送风通道底部的风道送风孔下面安装分流板，既保证了风道送风孔输出的气流均匀扩散，又降低了风道阻力及气流冲击噪声。
3、本发明空调回风口通过较长的回风支管延伸到客室座椅底部区域，长距离的回风通道阻止了空调机组噪声通过回风口进入客室。
4、本发明送风通道内部动、静压风道之间的通风孔与静压风道底部的风道送风孔错位布置，延长了空调机组噪声传播路径，降低了送风通道传入客室的噪音，极大地提升了客室乘客的乘坐舒适性。
5、本发明在空调机组底板上设置多层隔声降噪结构，降低了空调机组主要噪声源——压缩机、废排风机、蒸发风机与冷凝风机的振动与噪声，可以极大地降低空调机组通过空调机组底板传入客室的噪声，极大地提升了客室乘客的乘坐舒适性。
6、本发明在废排进风口处设置迷宫消音结构，一方面延长了废排风机噪声传入客室的传播路径，避免了废排风机噪声直接传入客室，另一方面隔离了废排风机噪声（约3dBA左右），并吸收了废排的气流噪声。
总之，本发明提供的空调通风***既提高了客室气流组织的均匀性，同时也降低了客室内的噪音（经实验证明：噪声下降3~4dBA，相当于两台空调机组同时运行时，采用本发明结构，空调***噪声只有原来的二分之一），整体上提升了客室内乘客的乘坐舒适性。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明轨道客车低噪声空调风道的结构示意图；
图2为本发明轨道客车低噪声空调风道的剖视图；
图3为本发明空调风道的主视图；
图4为本发明空调风道的后视图；
图5为本发明空调风道的内部结构示意图；
图6为本发明分流板的结构示意图；
图7为本发明消音器的结构示意图；
图8为本发明迷宫消音结构的示意图；
图9为本发明消音板的结构示意图；
图10为本发明空调机组底板下面的多层隔声降噪结构的示意图。
图中：1-空调风道、11-回风通道、111-回风支管、12-动压风道、13-静压风道、14-回风隔板、15-送风隔板、151-圆弧引流板、152-通风孔、16-风道送风孔、17-动压扰流板、18-静压扰流板、2-空调送风口、3-空调回风口、4-迷宫消音结构、41-消音板、411-主体、412-吸音棉、413-隔声毡、5-分流板、501-多孔结构、502-安装座、503-铆钉孔、504-水平分流部、505-倾斜分流部、6-空调机组、61-蒸发器、62-蒸发风机、63-压力波阀、64-压缩机、65-冷凝器、66-冷凝风机、67-废排风机、68-废排风道、69-空调机组底板、691-阻尼胶浆、692-吸音棉、693-隔声毡、694-固定板、695-铆钉、7-消音器、701-左圆弧板、702-右圆弧板、703-吸音微孔、704-加强筋板。
以下结合具体优选的实施例对本发明作进一步描述，但并不因此而限制本发明的保护范围。
为了便于描述，各部件的相对位置关系，如：上、下、左、右等的描述均是根据说明书附图的布图方向来进行描述的，并不对本专利的结构起限定作用。
如图1、图2所示，本发明轨道客车低噪声空调风道一实施例包括空调风道1、空调送风口2、空调回风口3、迷宫消音结构4、分流板5、空调机组6、消音器7。
如图3-图5所示，所述空调风道1包括并列设置的送风通道和回风通道11。所述送风通道包括沿所述送风通道纵向并列布置的动压风道12和静压风道13，所述动压风道12与所述静压风道13被送风隔板15隔开，并经送风隔板15上设置的腰形通风孔152连通，所述静压风道13的底板上设置与所述通风孔152错位布置的风道送风孔16，且所述静压风道13经所述风道送风孔16连通客室顶部的多孔板送风区域。
所述动压风道12的前端连接所述空调送风口2，所述回风通道11的前端连接所述空调回风口3。
所述风道送风孔16的下面安装分流板5。如图6所示，所述分流板5为对称结构，从外至里依次为安装座502、水平分流部504及倾斜分流部505，且所述水平分流部504和倾斜分流部505与所述风道送风孔16之间设置气流间隙。两个安装座502上分别设置铆钉孔503，安装时，分流板5通过穿过铆钉孔503的铆钉连接静压风道13的底板。两个倾斜分流部505的相互连接侧向上拱起为弧状，且各倾斜分流部505上分别设置多孔结构501，所述多孔结构501包括呈一定形状（比如圆形）分布的多个分流孔，各分流孔相对所述风道送风孔16的送风方向倾斜设置。这样，风道送风孔16送出的气流将会从分流板5与风道送风孔16之间的分流间隙以及分流孔往四周导流，提升风道送风均匀性，同时分流板5上的水平分流部504、倾斜分流部505及多孔结构501的分流孔可以释放此处的气流冲击与送风阻力，降低气流冲击噪声，为客室提供舒适低噪的乘车环境。
所述回风通道11的末端设置系列回风支管111，所述回风支管111的进风口设置在客室座椅底部区域，与空调机组回风口距离很远，使得回风通道11及回风支管111足以消除空调机组产生的噪声。
如图2所示，所述空调机组6内设置蒸发腔、冷凝腔和废排腔，蒸发腔内安装蒸发器61和蒸发风机62，冷凝腔内安装冷凝器65和冷凝风机66，废排腔内安装废排风机67和废排风道68，所述废排风机67连接废排风道68。所述空调机组6安装在空调风道1的空调送风口2、空调回风口3上，且所述蒸发腔连通所述空调送风口2及空调回风口3。所述空调机组6的空调机组底板69的下面安装多层隔声降噪结构，所述空调送风口2处安***器7。
如图7所示，所述消音器7包括左圆弧板701和右圆弧板702。所述左圆弧板701和右圆弧板702的相邻侧连接成一体，相背侧分别向所述动压风道12的两端呈弧状延伸，以起到气体导流作用，一方面降低风道阻力，从而降低蒸发风机62的压头与噪声，另一方面可以降低此处的涡流噪声。所述左圆弧板701和右圆弧板702的两端分别由加强筋板704封闭，使左圆弧板701、右圆弧板702、动压风道底板及两端加强筋板704围设形成吸音腔。所述左圆弧板701和右圆弧板702上分别均布吸音微孔703，且所述吸音腔内填充厚度较厚的用于吸收低频噪音的吸音棉，以增加消音器7对空调机组6的送风噪声以及涡流噪声的吸声效果。
如图8所示，所述废排风道68的废排进风口设置在空调机组底板69与空调风道1之间，且所述废排进风口处设置有迷宫消音结构4。所述迷宫消音结构4是由十几块消音板41布置而成的迷宫状进风口结构。迷宫消音结构4延长了废排风机67噪声传播的路径，避免了废排风机噪声直接传入客室。
如图9所示，所述消音板41包括由L型铝板构成的主体411，主体411的上端抵接空调机组底板69，下端铆接在空调风道1的上表面，且主体411的靠近废排风机侧粘贴隔声毡413，远离废排风机侧粘贴吸音棉412。这样，通过隔声毡413能阻止废排风机67的噪声传出，又能通过吸音棉412吸收气流噪声，为客室提供舒适低噪的乘车环境。
所述废排风道68的迎风面上设置吸音降噪结构。所述吸音降噪结构是在废排风道68的迎风面表面贴吸音棉，并由微孔板包覆，并将微孔板铆接固定在废排风道68的壁面上，形成废排吸音腔，增加废排风道68的低频吸声效果。
如图10所示，所述多层隔声降噪结构包括在空调机组底板69的下表面依次设置的阻尼胶浆691、吸音棉692、隔声毡693及固定板694，且所述固定板694通过铆钉695安装固定在空调机组6的框架上以承托整个消声结构。具体设置时，在空调机组底板69的下表面先喷涂阻尼胶浆691，然后贴吸音棉692，接着在吸音棉692的背面布置隔声毡693，最后通过在隔声毡693下面安装固定板694承托整个消声结构。这种多层隔声降噪结构一方面可以降低压缩机64、废排风机67、蒸发风机62与冷凝风机66的振动，另一方面可以隔离与吸收它们产生的噪声。
本发明使用时，空调机组6的蒸发风机62送出的气流经消音器7导流之后，先进入动压风道12扩压，再经腰型通风孔152进入静压风道13进一步扩压，最后才通过与腰型通风孔152错位布置的风道送风孔16及分流板5送入客室顶部多孔板送风区域内，通过这种多层次送风结构既提高了送风均匀性，又延长了噪声传递的路径，产生了较好的降噪效果。同时废排风机67通过废排风道68及其废排进风口处设置的迷宫消音结构4吸收室内的多余气体，并排出到车外。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方案，但本发明的保护范围不限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围的情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。
Claims (12)
- 一种轨道客车低噪声空调风道，包括空调回风口（3）、空调送风口（2）、送风通道及回风通道（11），所述空调送风口连接所述送风通道，所述送风通道包括沿所述送风通道纵向并列布置的动压风道（12）和静压风道（13），所述动压风道与所述静压风道经通风孔连通，所述空调回风口连接所述回风通道，其特征在于，所述空调送风口下面的所述动压风道里面设置消音器（7），所述消音器包括左圆弧板（701）和右圆弧板（702）；所述左圆弧板和右圆弧板的相邻侧连接成一体，相背侧分别向所述送风通道的一端呈弧状延伸；所述左圆弧板和右圆弧板的两端分别由加强筋板（704）封闭，使左圆弧板、右圆弧板、送风通道底板及两端加强筋板围设形成吸音腔；所述左圆弧板和右圆弧板上分别均布吸音微孔（703），所述吸音腔内填充用于吸收空调机组噪音的吸音棉。
- 根据权利要求1所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，所述静压风道的底板上设置与所述通风孔错位布置的风道送风孔（16），且所述静压风道经所述风道送风孔连通客室顶部的多孔板送风区域。
- 根据权利要求2所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，所述风道送风孔下面安装分流板（5）。
- 根据权利要求3所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，所述分流板为对称结构，从外至里依次设置安装座（502）、水平分流部（504）及倾斜分流部（505），且所述水平分流部和倾斜分流部与所述风道送风孔之间设置气流间隙。
- 根据权利要求4所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，两个所述倾斜分流部的相互连接侧向上拱起为弧状，且各倾斜分流部上分别设置多孔结构（501）。
- 根据权利要求5所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，所述多孔结构包括呈一定形状分布的多个分流孔，各分流孔相对所述风道送风孔的送风方向倾斜设置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，所述回风通道的末端设置回风支管（111），所述回风支管的进风口设置在客室座椅底部区域。
- 根据权利要求1所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，所述空调机组内设置废排风机及废排风道，并在空调机组底板上设置多层隔声降噪结构，且所述废排风道的废排进风口处设置有迷宫消音结构，所述迷宫消音结构的入口与客室连通，出口连接所述废排进风口。
- 根据权利要求8所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，所述多层隔声降噪结构包括在所述空调机组底板上依次铺设的阻尼胶浆、吸音棉、隔声毡及连接固定在所述空调机组上的固定板。
- 根据权利要求8所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，所述迷宫消音结构是由系列消音板布置而成的迷宫状结构。
- 根据权利要求8所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，所述废排风道的迎风面上设置吸音降噪结构。
- 根据权利要求11所述的轨道客车低噪声空调风道，其特征在于，所述吸音降噪结构包括在所述废排风道的迎风面上设置的吸音棉和包覆在吸音棉上的微孔板，且所述微孔板固定在所述废排风道上，使所述微孔板与所述废排风道的迎风面之间形成废排吸音腔。
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| CN113928358A (zh) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-01-14 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | 一种轨道客车低噪声空调风道 |
| CN114526157A (zh) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-05-24 | 江苏捷诚车载电子信息工程有限公司 | 大功率发电机组方舱散热降噪装置 |
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