WO2023077849A1 - Conduit d'air de climatisation à faible bruit de voiture ferroviaire à voyageurs - Google Patents

Conduit d'air de climatisation à faible bruit de voiture ferroviaire à voyageurs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023077849A1
WO2023077849A1 PCT/CN2022/104032 CN2022104032W WO2023077849A1 WO 2023077849 A1 WO2023077849 A1 WO 2023077849A1 CN 2022104032 W CN2022104032 W CN 2022104032W WO 2023077849 A1 WO2023077849 A1 WO 2023077849A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
noise
conditioning
sound
duct
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PCT/CN2022/104032
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘智远
毛业军
龙源
易柯
付瑜
罗江果
Original Assignee
中车株洲电力机车有限公司
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Publication of WO2023077849A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023077849A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rail car ventilation device, in particular to a low-noise air-conditioning air duct for a rail car.
  • Air-conditioning and ventilation system is an indispensable part of the passenger compartment of rail transit vehicles, and its performance directly affects the comfort of passengers. Reducing the noise of air-conditioning and ventilation systems and improving the uniformity of air supply in air-conditioning ducts have always been the focus of professional research on HVAC design.
  • the distance between the air-conditioning duct and the air outlet roof of the passenger compartment is very close, and the noise of the air-conditioning unit is easily transmitted into the passenger compartment.
  • the commonly used method is to paste sound-absorbing cotton inside the air-conditioning duct.
  • the sound-absorbing cotton inside the air-conditioning duct can only absorb high-frequency noise better. Since the main noise sources of the air-conditioning unit are compressors, condensing fans, and evaporating fans, etc., most of the noise emitted by them is low-frequency noise. To reduce the low-frequency noise of air conditioning units, new noise reduction methods are required.
  • Chinese patent CN111361582B discloses a low-noise air-supply channel for rail vehicles, which can absorb noise by affixing a micro-perforated plate of the order of silk on the windward surface inside the air channel.
  • this solution requires a certain air gap between the micro-perforated plate and the windward side of the air duct to ensure the absorption effect, which makes the processing and manufacturing of the air duct more difficult.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a low-noise air-conditioning duct for rail passenger cars that is easy to process and can effectively absorb low-frequency noise of the air-conditioning unit in view of the problem that the noise of the existing top-mounted air-conditioning unit is easily transmitted into the passenger compartment.
  • a low-noise air-conditioning air duct for rail passenger cars comprising an air-conditioning return air outlet, an air-conditioning air supply opening, an air supply channel and an air return channel, the air-conditioning air supply opening is connected to the air-conditioning An air channel, the air supply channel includes a dynamic pressure air channel and a static pressure air channel arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the air supply channel, the dynamic pressure air channel communicates with the static pressure air channel through a ventilation hole, and the air conditioner
  • the return air outlet is connected to the return air channel, and its structural features are:
  • a muffler is arranged in the dynamic pressure air duct below the air-conditioning outlet, and the muffler includes a left arc plate and a right arc plate; the adjacent sides of the left arc plate and the right arc plate are connected to form One body, the opposite sides extend in an arc shape to one end of the air supply channel respectively; the two ends of the left circular arc plate and the right circular arc plate are respectively closed by stiffener plates, so that the left circular arc plate, right circular arc plate, The bottom plate of the air supply channel and the rib plates at both ends are surrounded to form a sound-absorbing cavity; the left circular arc plate and the right circular arc plate are respectively uniformly distributed with sound-absorbing micro-holes, and the sound-absorbing cavity is filled with sound-absorbing cotton for absorbing the noise of the air conditioning unit .
  • the left circular arc plate and the right circular arc plate extending arc-shaped to the two ends of the air supply channel can play a role of gas guide , reduce the resistance of the air duct, thereby reducing the pressure head and noise of the evaporating fan.
  • the sound-absorbing micropores and sound-absorbing cotton set on it can absorb the low-frequency noise and eddy current noise generated by the air supply of the air conditioning unit.
  • the muffler of the present invention is easy to process and easy to install, which facilitates the production and installation of the low-noise air-conditioning air supply duct of rail passenger cars.
  • the bottom plate of the static pressure air duct is provided with an air duct air supply hole arranged in a dislocation with the ventilation hole, and the static pressure air duct communicates with the perforated plate on the top of the passenger compartment to supply air through the air duct air supply hole.
  • the area makes the air supply channel form a multi-level air supply structure, which not only improves the uniformity of the air supply, but also prolongs the path of noise transmission, resulting in a better noise reduction effect.
  • a splitter plate is installed under the air supply hole of the air duct to guide the airflow sent out from the air supply hole of the air duct to the surroundings.
  • the splitter plate has a symmetrical structure, and the installation seat, the horizontal splitter and the inclined splitter are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside, and an airflow is arranged between the horizontal splitter, the inclined splitter and the air supply hole of the air duct gap.
  • the air flow velocity is slowed down, and the air flow noise caused by the air flow hitting the bottom plate of the perforated plate air supply area on the top of the passenger compartment at a high speed is avoided.
  • each inclined flow splitter is respectively provided with a porous structure.
  • the porous structure includes a plurality of distributing holes distributed in a certain shape, and each distributing hole is arranged obliquely relative to the air supply direction of the air supply hole of the air duct.
  • a waste exhaust fan and a waste exhaust duct are arranged in the air conditioning unit, and a multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure is arranged on the bottom plate of the air conditioning unit, and a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure is provided at the waste exhaust air inlet of the waste exhaust duct.
  • the entrance of the labyrinth sound-absorbing structure is connected to the passenger room, and the exit is connected to the waste air inlet;
  • the multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure includes damping mortar, sound-absorbing cotton, insulation Acoustic felt and the fixing plate connected and fixed on the air conditioning unit.
  • the present invention can reduce the vibration and noise of the main noise sources of the air-conditioning unit—compressor, waste exhaust fan, evaporator fan, and condensing fan—through the multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure, and greatly improve the passenger comfort of the passenger compartment.
  • the present invention arranges a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure at the waste exhaust air inlet of the waste exhaust duct, on the one hand prolonging the propagation path for the noise of the waste exhaust fan to enter the passenger room, and avoiding the noise of the waste exhaust fan from directly entering the passenger room; The noise of the exhaust fan is isolated, and the airflow noise of the exhaust is absorbed.
  • the labyrinth sound-absorbing structure is a labyrinth-like structure formed by a series of sound-absorbing plates.
  • the sound-absorbing plate includes an L-shaped main body, the upper end of the main body abuts against the bottom plate of the air-conditioning unit, the lower end is fixed on the upper surface of the air-conditioning duct, and the side of the main body close to the waste exhaust fan is provided for
  • the sound insulation felt is used to isolate the noise of the exhaust fan, and the sound-absorbing cotton for absorbing the noise of the exhaust flow is installed on the side away from the exhaust fan.
  • a sound-absorbing and noise-reducing structure is provided on the windward surface of the waste exhaust duct to further absorb the airflow noise of the waste exhaust.
  • the sound-absorbing and noise-reducing structure includes sound-absorbing cotton arranged on the windward surface of the waste exhaust duct and a microporous plate coated on the sound-absorbing cotton, and the microporous plate is fixed on the waste exhaust air duct.
  • a waste exhaust sound-absorbing cavity is formed between the microporous plate and the windward side of the waste exhaust air duct, so as to increase the low-frequency sound absorption effect of the waste exhaust air duct.
  • the end of the return air passage is provided with a return air branch pipe, and the air inlet of the return air branch pipe is arranged at the bottom area of the seat in the passenger compartment, so that the distance between the air inlet of the return air passage and the return air outlet of the air conditioner is very far, and through the return air passage Enough to eliminate the noise produced by the air conditioning unit.
  • a muffler is arranged under the air outlet of the air conditioner (at the entrance of the air supply channel) to play the role of gas diversion. On the one hand, it reduces the resistance of the air duct, thereby reducing the pressure head and noise of the evaporating fan. On the one hand, the eddy current noise here can be reduced.
  • the present invention installs a splitter plate under the air duct air supply holes at the bottom of the air duct, which not only ensures the uniform diffusion of the airflow output from the air duct air supply holes, but also reduces the air duct resistance and air impact noise.
  • the return air outlet of the air conditioner of the present invention extends to the bottom area of the seat in the passenger compartment through a longer return air branch pipe, and the long return air passage prevents the noise of the air conditioner unit from entering the passenger compartment through the return air outlet.
  • the ventilation hole between the dynamic and static pressure air duct inside the air supply channel of the present invention is misplaced with the air duct air supply hole at the bottom of the static pressure air duct, which prolongs the noise transmission path of the air conditioning unit and reduces the transmission of the air supply channel into the passenger room. noise, which greatly improves the comfort of passengers in the passenger compartment.
  • the present invention sets a multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure on the bottom plate of the air conditioning unit, which reduces the vibration and noise of the main noise sources of the air conditioning unit—compressors, waste exhaust fans, evaporating fans and condensing fans, and can greatly reduce the noise of the air conditioning unit.
  • the noise introduced into the passenger compartment through the floor of the air-conditioning unit greatly improves the passenger comfort in the passenger compartment.
  • a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure is set at the air inlet of the waste exhaust fan. On the one hand, it prolongs the transmission path of the noise of the waste exhaust fan into the passenger room, avoiding the noise of the waste exhaust fan from directly entering the passenger room, and on the other hand, it isolates the noise of the waste exhaust fan. (about 3dBA), and absorb the airflow noise of the waste exhaust.
  • the air-conditioning and ventilation system provided by the present invention has not only improved the uniformity of the airflow distribution in the passenger room, but also reduced the noise in the passenger room (experiments have proved that the noise is reduced by 3 ⁇ 4dBA, which is equivalent to two air-conditioning units running at the same time.
  • the noise of the air-conditioning system is only one-half of the original), which improves the passenger comfort in the passenger compartment as a whole.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the low-noise air-conditioning air duct of rail passenger car of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the sectional view of low-noise air-conditioning air duct of rail passenger car of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the front view of the air conditioning duct of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the rear view of the air conditioning duct of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the air-conditioning duct of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a splitter plate of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is the structural representation of muffler of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of a sound-absorbing panel of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure under the bottom plate of the air conditioning unit of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the low-noise air-conditioning air duct of the rail passenger car of the present invention comprises an air-conditioning air duct 1, an air-conditioning air supply port 2, an air-conditioning return air port 3, a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure 4, a splitter plate 5, an air-conditioning unit 6, muffler7.
  • the air conditioning duct 1 includes an air supply channel and a return air channel 11 arranged side by side.
  • the air supply passage includes a dynamic pressure air passage 12 and a static pressure air passage 13 arranged side by side along the longitudinal direction of the air supply passage, and the dynamic pressure air passage 12 and the static pressure air passage 13 are separated by an air supply partition 15 Open, and communicate with the waist-shaped ventilation hole 152 provided on the air supply partition 15, the air duct air supply hole 16 arranged in a dislocation with the ventilation hole 152 is arranged on the bottom plate of the static pressure air duct 13, and the static pressure air duct 13
  • the compressed air channel 13 communicates with the perforated plate air supply area on the top of the passenger compartment through the air channel air supply holes 16 .
  • the front end of the dynamic pressure air duct 12 is connected to the air-conditioning air outlet 2 , and the front end of the air return channel 11 is connected to the air-conditioning return air outlet 3 .
  • a splitter plate 5 is installed below the air duct air supply hole 16 .
  • the splitter plate 5 is a symmetrical structure, and from the outside to the inside are the mounting seat 502, the horizontal splitter 504 and the inclined splitter 505, and the horizontal splitter 504 and the inclined splitter 505 are in line with the described Air flow gaps are set between the air duct air supply holes 16 .
  • Rivet holes 503 are respectively provided on the two mounting bases 502 .
  • the splitter plate 5 is connected to the bottom plate of the static pressure air duct 13 through the rivets passing through the rivet holes 503 .
  • each inclined splitter 505 is respectively provided with a porous structure 501
  • the porous structure 501 includes a plurality of splitter holes distributed in a certain shape (such as a circle), Each distribution hole is arranged obliquely relative to the air supply direction of the air duct air supply hole 16 .
  • the horizontal splitter 504, the inclined splitter 505 and the splitter holes of the porous structure 501 can release the airflow impact and air supply resistance here, reduce the airflow impact noise, and provide a comfortable and low-noise riding environment for the passenger compartment.
  • the end of the return air passage 11 is provided with a series of return air branch pipes 111, and the air inlet of the return air branch pipe 111 is arranged at the bottom area of the seat in the passenger compartment, which is far away from the return air outlet of the air conditioning unit, so that the return air passage 11 and the return air branch pipes 111 is enough to silence the noise produced by the air conditioning unit.
  • an evaporation chamber, a condensation chamber and a waste discharge chamber are arranged in the air conditioning unit 6, an evaporator 61 and an evaporation fan 62 are installed in the evaporation chamber, a condenser 65 and a condensation fan 66 are installed in the condensation chamber, and the waste discharge chamber
  • a waste exhaust fan 67 and a waste exhaust duct 68 are installed inside, and the waste exhaust fan 67 is connected to the waste exhaust duct 68 .
  • the air conditioner unit 6 is installed on the air conditioner air supply port 2 and the air conditioner return air port 3 of the air conditioner duct 1 , and the evaporation chamber communicates with the air conditioner air supply port 2 and the air conditioner return air port 3 .
  • a multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure is installed under the bottom plate 69 of the air conditioner unit 6 , and a muffler 7 is installed at the air outlet 2 of the air conditioner.
  • the muffler 7 includes a left arc plate 701 and a right arc plate 702 .
  • the adjacent sides of the left circular arc plate 701 and the right circular arc plate 702 are connected into one body, and the opposite sides respectively extend in an arc shape to the two ends of the dynamic pressure air duct 12 to play the role of gas diversion, on the one hand Reduce the air duct resistance, thereby reducing the pressure head and noise of the evaporation fan 62, and on the other hand, reduce the eddy current noise here.
  • Both ends of the left circular arc plate 701 and the right circular arc plate 702 are respectively closed by stiffener plates 704, so that the left circular arc plate 701, the right circular arc plate 702, the bottom plate of the dynamic pressure air duct and the stiffener plates 704 at both ends are enclosed.
  • the left circular arc plate 701 and the right circular arc plate 702 are respectively evenly distributed with sound-absorbing microholes 703, and the sound-absorbing cavity is filled with thicker sound-absorbing cotton for absorbing low-frequency noise, so as to increase the number of mufflers 7 pairs of air-conditioning units. 6.
  • the waste exhaust air inlet of the waste exhaust air duct 68 is arranged between the air conditioner unit bottom plate 69 and the air conditioning air duct 1 , and a labyrinth sound-absorbing structure 4 is arranged at the waste exhaust air inlet.
  • the labyrinth sound-absorbing structure 4 is a labyrinth-shaped air inlet structure formed by arranging more than a dozen sound-absorbing plates 41 .
  • the labyrinth sound-absorbing structure 4 prolongs the path of the noise transmission of the waste exhaust fan 67, avoiding the noise of the waste exhaust fan from being directly introduced into the passenger room.
  • the sound-absorbing plate 41 includes a main body 411 made of an L-shaped aluminum plate.
  • the upper end of the main body 411 abuts against the bottom plate 69 of the air-conditioning unit, and the lower end is riveted on the upper surface of the air-conditioning duct 1, and the main body 411 is close to the waste discharge.
  • the sound insulation felt 413 is pasted on the side of the fan, and the sound-absorbing cotton 412 is pasted on the side away from the exhaust fan. Like this, can stop the noise of exhaust blower 67 to transmit by sound-proof felt 413, can absorb airflow noise by sound-absorbing cotton 412 again, provide comfortable and low-noise riding environment for passenger compartment.
  • a sound-absorbing and noise-reducing structure is provided on the windward surface of the waste exhaust duct 68 .
  • the sound-absorbing and noise-reducing structure is to paste sound-absorbing cotton on the windward surface of the waste exhaust duct 68, and cover it with a microporous plate, and rivet and fix the microporous plate on the wall surface of the waste exhaust duct 68 to form a waste exhaust sound-absorbing
  • the cavity increases the low-frequency sound absorption effect of the exhaust air duct 68.
  • the multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure includes damping glue 691, sound-absorbing cotton 692, sound insulation felt 693 and fixing plate 694 arranged in sequence on the lower surface of the bottom plate 69 of the air conditioning unit, and the fixing plate 694 is installed and fixed on the frame of the air-conditioning unit 6 by rivets 695 to support the whole noise reduction structure.
  • the damping glue 691 is first sprayed on the lower surface of the bottom plate 69 of the air conditioner unit, then the sound-absorbing cotton 692 is attached, and then the sound-insulating felt 693 is arranged on the back of the sound-absorbing cotton 692, and finally the fixing plate 694 is installed under the sound-absorbing felt 693 Support the entire sound-absorbing structure.
  • This multi-layer sound insulation and noise reduction structure can reduce the vibration of the compressor 64, exhaust fan 67, evaporation fan 62 and condensation fan 66 on the one hand, and can isolate and absorb the noise generated by them on the other hand.
  • the airflow sent by the evaporating fan 62 of the air conditioning unit 6 passes through the muffler 7 and first enters the dynamic pressure air duct 12 for expansion, and then enters the static pressure air duct 13 through the waist-shaped ventilation hole 152 for further expansion. Finally, it is sent into the air supply area of the perforated plate on the top of the passenger compartment through the air duct air supply hole 16 and the splitter plate 5 arranged in a misplaced position with the waist-shaped ventilation hole 152.
  • This multi-level air supply structure not only improves the air supply uniformity, but also The path of noise transmission is extended, resulting in a better noise reduction effect.
  • the exhaust blower 67 absorbs the excess gas in the room through the exhaust duct 68 and the labyrinth sound-absorbing structure 4 provided at the exhaust air inlet thereof, and discharges it to the outside of the vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne un conduit d'air de climatisation à faible bruit d'une voiture ferroviaire à voyageurs, le conduit d'air de climatisation à faible bruit comprenant un orifice de retour d'air de climatisation (3), un orifice d'alimentation en air de climatisation (2), un canal d'alimentation en air et un canal de retour d'air (11). L'orifice d'alimentation en air de climatisation est raccordé au canal d'alimentation en air ; un silencieux (7) est disposé à l'intérieur du canal d'alimentation en air au-dessous de l'orifice d'alimentation en air de climatisation ; le silencieux comprend une plaque arquée circulaire gauche (701) et une plaque arquée circulaire droite (702) ; des côtés adjacents de la plaque arquée circulaire gauche et de la plaque arquée circulaire droite sont reliés de façon à former une seule pièce, et ses côtés opposés s'étendent respectivement selon une forme d'arc vers une extrémité du canal d'alimentation en air ; deux extrémités de la plaque arquée circulaire gauche et de la plaque arquée circulaire droite sont respectivement fermées par des plaques à nervures de renfort (704), de sorte qu'une cavité d'absorption de son soit formée au moyen de l'enceinte de la plaque arquée circulaire gauche, de la plaque arquée circulaire droite, d'une plaque inférieure du canal d'alimentation en air et des plaques à nervures de renfort au niveau de deux extrémités du canal d'alimentation en air ; des micropores absorbant le son (03) sont respectivement répartis uniformément sur la plaque arquée circulaire gauche et sur la plaque arquée circulaire droite ; et la cavité d'absorption de son est remplie de coton d'insonorisation destiné à absorber le bruit d'une unité de climatisation. La présente invention est pratique à traiter, et améliore considérablement le confort de circulation des voyageurs dans un compartiment à voyageurs.
PCT/CN2022/104032 2021-11-05 2022-07-06 Conduit d'air de climatisation à faible bruit de voiture ferroviaire à voyageurs WO2023077849A1 (fr)

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CN202111306128.7A CN113928358A (zh) 2021-11-05 2021-11-05 一种轨道客车低噪声空调风道
CN202111306128.7 2021-11-05

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CN111361582A (zh) * 2020-04-09 2020-07-03 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 一种轨道车辆用低噪音空调风道
CN113859287A (zh) * 2021-11-05 2021-12-31 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 一种轨道客车低噪声空调通风***
CN113928358A (zh) * 2021-11-05 2022-01-14 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 一种轨道客车低噪声空调风道

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CN117565910A (zh) * 2023-11-29 2024-02-20 河南中车重型装备有限公司 列车风道减振降噪装置和空调通风***

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