WO2021130080A1 - Verfahren zur analyse einer funktionalen schicht einer elektrochemischen zelle oder einer elektrochemischen sensorenanwendung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur analyse einer funktionalen schicht einer elektrochemischen zelle oder einer elektrochemischen sensorenanwendung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021130080A1 WO2021130080A1 PCT/EP2020/086474 EP2020086474W WO2021130080A1 WO 2021130080 A1 WO2021130080 A1 WO 2021130080A1 EP 2020086474 W EP2020086474 W EP 2020086474W WO 2021130080 A1 WO2021130080 A1 WO 2021130080A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- functional layer
- test gas
- detection unit
- gas chamber
- passed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
- B01D65/102—Detection of leaks in membranes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/40—Semi-permeable membranes or partitions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/4163—Systems checking the operation of, or calibrating, the measuring apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/007—Arrangements to check the analyser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04671—Failure or abnormal function of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for analyzing defects in a functional layer of an electrochemical cell or an electrochemical sensor application.
- visual controls are carried out, e.g. to find defects in the membranes or catalyst layers.
- the disadvantage of visual controls is that defects can often only be found on the visible surface of the layers and, for example, defects inside the layers remain undetected, for example defects with increased gas permeability.
- the object of the invention is to specify a method for analyzing a functional layer of an electrochemical cell or an electrochemical sensor application, which reliably detects defects in the entire functional layer, can be used quickly and easily, and requires little technical effort.
- the object is achieved by a method for analyzing a functional layer of an electrochemical cell or an electrochemical sensor application, which comprises the following steps: i) Passing a predefined amount of test gas to a first surface of the functional layer and ii) quantitative determination of the amount of test gas that has passed through the functional layer by a detection unit which is located on a second surface of the functional layer that is opposite the first surface of the functional layer , is arranged.
- the method according to the invention is concerned in particular with the analysis of defects, such as holes, density differences, perforations or cracks, which can occur in a functional layer of an electrochemical cell or an electrochemical sensor application.
- the functional layer can be, for example, a catalyst layer, a membrane, a catalyst-coated membrane or a catalyst-coated membrane in combination with a polymer film and a gas diffusion layer, the functional layer being used in particular in fuel cell applications, electrolysis cell applications or electrochemical sensor applications.
- An electrochemical sensor application is understood to mean, for example, a carbon monoxide detector or a hydrogen detector using an electrochemical reaction.
- the functional layer has a first surface, which can also be referred to as the bottom, and a second surface, which can also be referred to as the top.
- the first surface and the second surface are flat and lie opposite one another in the direction of the layer thickness. The first and second surfaces thus form the outer sides of the functional layer.
- a predefined amount of test gas is directed to the first surface of the functional layer.
- the test gas passes through the functional layer by diffusion and leaves the functional layer on the second surface of the functional layer.
- the amount of test gas that has passed through the functional layer is then determined quantitatively, specifically by a detection unit which is arranged on the second surface of the functional layer, which is opposite the first surface of the functional layer.
- the detection unit is not restricted in detail and can include any detection unit that enables a quantitative determination of the test gas.
- the detection unit is advantageously attached locally to the second surface in such a way that it is opposite the test gas flow that is directed to the first surface. In this way, tracer gas losses caused by diffusion can be minimized.
- the detection unit is preferably not permanently connected to the second surface, but is only in contact with the second surface. The diffusion of test gas through a functional layer, i.e.
- test gas passes through a hole or a point with reduced density or reduced thickness in the functional layer more quickly and more completely than through a defect-free functional layer. Therefore, the quantitatively determined amount of test gas, based on a predefined amount of test gas that is directed onto the first surface of the functional layer, is reliable evidence of the possible presence of a defect in the functional layer. If necessary, the time used for the predefined amount of test gas to pass through the functional layer can also be included in the analysis.
- the predefined amount of test gas can first be passed through a defect-free area of a functional layer and then quantitatively determined by the detection unit how much and in what time test gas passed through the functional layer and exited it on the second surface of the functional layer.
- These values can be used as calibration values or comparison values. If, in one case, less test gas (possibly per unit of time) passes through the functional layer than specified by the comparison value, this indicates an increased density or a gas-impermeable foreign body in the examined area of the functional layer. If, in another case, more test gas (possibly per unit of time) passes through the functional layer than specified by the comparison value, this indicates a defect, e.g. a point with reduced density, with a reduced cross-section, with a hole or a crack.
- a method for analyzing the functional layer is provided that can be used quickly, easily and without great technical effort and that enables a reliable detection of any defects in the functional layer.
- the amount of test gas that has passed through the functional layer determined by the detection unit can be displayed, for example, via a display device.
- the test gas conducted to the first surface of the functional layer is provided in a test gas chamber arranged on the first surface of the functional layer.
- the test gas chamber is a closed area that is only open to the first surface of the functional layer while the method is being carried out, possibly with the exception of a test gas feed into the test gas chamber.
- the test gas chamber ensures that the test gas is fed directly to the first surface of the functional layer and not before it passes through the functional layer diffuses away. This also prevents the supply of gas other than the test gas.
- the test gas chamber has a predefined volume and an opening which has a defined length in the longitudinal direction of the functional layer.
- the longitudinal direction of the functional layer is understood to mean an extension of the functional layer which extends in the X direction according to the Cartesian coordinate system and which runs perpendicular to the direction of the layer thickness.
- the opening of the test gas chamber has a variably adjustable width that extends in the transverse direction of the functional layer.
- the transverse direction of the functional layer is understood to mean an extension of the functional layer that extends in the Z direction according to the Cartesian coordinate system and that runs perpendicular to the layer thickness direction and also perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- the functional layer is also advantageously provided on a transport device.
- a conveyor belt in particular, which moves the functional layer horizontally, is advantageously used as the transport device.
- the transport device is arranged between the detection unit and the test gas chamber, more precisely between the functional layer and the test gas chamber or between the functional layer and the detection unit, so that the functional layer can be moved or conveyed between the test gas chamber and the detection unit. So that the test gas can pass through the functional layer as intended, the transport device has a recess that has the same dimensions as the opening of the test gas chamber directed towards the first surface, which is defined by the length in the longitudinal direction and the width in the transverse direction of the test gas chamber.
- the functional layer is carried out continuously by means of the transport device between the test gas chamber and the detection unit, in particular at a speed of 0.2 m / min to 50 m / min.
- the continuous transport of the functional layer between the test gas chamber and the detection unit enables a continuous analysis of the functional layer, in particular also when the functional layer is in the form of an elongated path.
- a transport speed of 0.2 m / min and 50 m / min also enables a fast but also reliable analysis over the entire length of the functional layer.
- the functional layer is preferably sucked into the transport device by negative pressure.
- the transport device is in particular porous, that is to say is provided with openings to which a vacuum device can be connected or arranged.
- the functional layer is guided over a stationary roller core on which a movable, porous casing is arranged, through which the functional layer can be sucked in by means of negative pressure.
- the test gas chamber is arranged on the stationary roller core, in particular in such a way that the opening of the test gas chamber is oriented towards the surface of the roller core over which the functional layer runs on the porous casing.
- the opening of the test gas chamber is in direct contact with the first surface of the functional layer onto which the predefined amount of test gas is directed.
- the functional layer is advantageously guided over at least one further guide roller, whereby measurement inaccuracies can be prevented.
- the functional layer can advantageously be unrolled from a first supply roll before the analysis is carried out and rolled up onto a second supply roll after the analysis has been carried out, which enables the process to be carried out continuously.
- the functional layer is preferably guided laterally in the longitudinal direction, for example through a delimitation band, so that the predefined amount of test gas can pass through a designated point in the functional layer, so that falsified measured values are reduced.
- the test gas that has passed through the functional layer is preferably actively passed to the detection unit. This can take place, for example, by means of an inert gas flow which is passed past the second surface of the functional layer and is directed to the detection unit.
- a vacuum device can also be provided on the side of the detection unit, which sucks in the test gas that has passed through the functional layer and is present on the second surface of the functional layer and guides it to the detection unit.
- the test gas is preferably supplied to the first surface of the functional layer with constant or controllable pressure.
- test gas is fed to the first surface of the functional layer with an excess pressure of at least 0.1 bar, in particular of at least 0.5 bar becomes.
- test gas is fed to the first surface of the functional layer with a volume flow of 0.1 L / min to 100 L / min. This provides a significant amount of test gas that can be determined quantitatively very well.
- the device comprises a test gas chamber for conducting a predefined amount of test gas to a first surface of a functional layer and a detection unit for quantitative determination of the amount of test gas that has passed through the functional layer.
- the test gas chamber is thus arranged on the first surface of the functional layer and the detection unit is arranged on the second surface of the functional layer, which is opposite the first surface of the functional layer.
- the functional layer therefore lies between the test gas chamber and the detection unit.
- the test gas chamber is open towards the first surface of the functional layer and for this purpose has an opening which has a defined length in the longitudinal direction of the functional layer and a variably adjustable width in the transverse direction.
- the test gas can thus be directed to the first surface of the functional layer via a predefinable large opening.
- the device according to the invention is characterized by an uncomplicated and space-saving structure and enables a reliable and rapid analysis of functional layers of electrochemical cells and electrochemical sensor applications.
- the length of the opening is from 1 mm to 500 mm. The length is determined assuming a Cartesian coordinate system in the X direction.
- test gas is helium or a gas mixture with a helium concentration of 1 to ⁇ 100% by volume, since helium and gas mixtures with helium are characterized by very good diffusion properties.
- the detection unit advantageously comprises a mass spectrometer, since not only a quantitative analysis but also a qualitative analysis can thus be carried out and any influence of foreign gases on the analysis can be excluded or determined.
- the device preferably comprises at least one lateral guide, in particular at least one guide band, for laterally guiding the functional layer in the longitudinal direction between the test gas chamber and the detection unit.
- at least one lateral guide in particular at least one guide band, for laterally guiding the functional layer in the longitudinal direction between the test gas chamber and the detection unit.
- the device can further advantageously comprise a pressure control device for setting and regulating the pressure of the test gas and / or a metering device for setting the volume flow of the test gas.
- a suction device is provided for actively guiding the test gas that has passed through the functional layer to the detection unit.
- the device can advantageously comprise a device for introducing a carrier gas for actively guiding the test gas that has passed through the functional layer to the detection unit.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous in the light of the embodiment in which the detection unit comprises a mass spectrometer, since the influence of the carrier gas can thus be determined separately.
- the device can advantageously comprise a transport device for continuously guiding the functional layer by means of the transport device between the test gas chamber and the detection unit.
- the method can be carried out continuously and quickly by means of the device.
- the functional layer can be analyzed easily and reliably at any point.
- a negative pressure device is also provided for generating a negative pressure for sucking the functional layer onto the transport device, since this minimizes the influence of foreign gas on the analysis result and thus the reliability and accuracy of the method carried out by the device be improved.
- the device can further advantageously comprise a stationary roller core on which a movable, porous casing is arranged, the test gas chamber being arranged on the stationary roller core and the functional layer being guided on the porous casing.
- the porous casing can, for example, be a separate layer that can be moved around the roller core.
- At least one further guide roller can be provided, which improves the transport and provision of the functional layer and enables the functional layer to be tensioned in order to prevent measurement errors due to the functional layer resting on it unevenly.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a device according to a first
- Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a device according to a second
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a device 1 for performing a method for analyzing a functional layer 10 of an electrochemical cell or an electrochemical sensor application in a side view.
- the device has a test gas chamber 2 for conducting a predefined amount of test gas to a first surface 11 of the functional layer 10 and a detection unit 3 for quantitatively determining the amount of test gas that has passed through the functional layer 10.
- test gas chamber 2 is arranged on the first surface 11 of the functional layer, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 represents the underside of the functional layer 10 and extends in the XZ direction.
- the detection unit 3 is arranged on a second surface 12 of the functional layer 10.
- the second surface 12 lies opposite the first surface 11 of the functional layer 10 and, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, forms the upper side of the functional layer 10, which likewise extends in the XZ direction.
- the test gas chamber 2 is open to the first surface 11 of the functional layer 10. It has an opening 2a which in the longitudinal direction X of the functional layer 10, that is to say in the embodiment shown here in the device passage direction, has a defined length and a variably adjustable width running in the Z direction. The test gas chamber 2 is thus in contact with the first surface 11 of the functional layer 10 by means of the opening 2a.
- the opening can, for example, have a length of 1 mm to 500 mm.
- the test gas chamber 2 contains a test gas that can be supplied to the test gas chamber 2 from the outside, for example.
- the test gas is preferably helium or a gas mixture with a helium concentration of 1 to ⁇ 100% by volume.
- a predefined amount of test gas is directed to the first surface 11 of the functional layer 10.
- the test gas can be subjected to a pressure of at least 0.1 bar, for example, and the device 1 advantageously includes a pressure control device for setting and regulating the pressure of the test gas and / or a metering device for setting the volume flow of the test gas.
- the test gas leaves the test gas chamber 2 and diffuses in the direction of the layer thickness Y through the functional layer 10.
- the device 1 can have a suction device 7 for actively guiding the through the functional layer 10 Have leaked test gas to the detection unit 3.
- the test gas reaches the second surface 12 of the functional layer 10.
- the detection unit 3 quantifies the amount of test gas that has passed through the functional layer 10.
- the detection unit 3 can comprise a mass spectrometer 4 which determines the components of the test gas so that the composition of the test gas and also foreign gases can be determined.
- the result determined by the detection unit 3 can also be displayed on a display device.
- test gas passes more quickly from the first surface 11 of the functional layer 10 to the second surface 12. In other words, it diffuses per unit of time more test gas through the functional layer 10 than through the defect-free Locations of the functional layer 10. This can be determined quantitatively and can be set in relation to the presence of a defect in the functional layer.
- the device 1 is characterized by a compact design and enables a functional layer 10 of an electrochemical cell or an electrochemical sensor application to be analyzed reliably and quickly.
- Particularly suitable functional layers 10 are membranes, catalyst layers, catalyst-coated membranes and catalyst-coated membranes in combination with a polymer film and a gas diffusion layer.
- the functional layer 10 can be guided on a transport device 5.
- the transport device 5 is used to continuously guide the functional layer 10 between the test gas chamber 2 and the detection unit 3.
- Lateral guides 6 can be provided on the transport device 5, in particular in the form of a guide belt, so that the functional layer 10 is guided and inserted laterally in the longitudinal direction X Slipping is prevented.
- a negative pressure device can be provided for generating a negative pressure for sucking the functional layer 10 onto the transport device 5.
- the transport device 5 In the area of the test gas chamber 2, the transport device 5 has a corresponding recess so that the test gas can diffuse unhindered from the test gas chamber 2 to the first surface 11 of the functional layer 10.
- the device 1 has a compact design with high functionality and enables the functional layer 10 to be analyzed reliably and quickly for defects.
- FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the device 1.
- the device 1 comprises, instead of a transport device 5, a stationary roller core 8 on which a movable, porous casing 9 is arranged.
- the test gas chamber 2 is arranged on the stationary roller core 8.
- the functional layer 10 is guided on the porous casing 9 of the stationary roller core 8.
- the functional layer is guided on two further guide rollers 8a and 8b, which enables the functional layer 10 to be tensioned.
- the method for analyzing the functional layer 10 for defects can be carried out analogously to that shown in the device 1 from FIG.
- the functional layer 10 is passed between the test gas chamber 2 and the detection unit 3 via the guide rollers 8a and 8b and the porous casing 9.
- test gas is released from the test gas chamber 2 passed onto the first surface 11 of the functional layer 10, the functional layer passes in the direction of the layer thickness Y and comes to the second surface 12, in the immediate vicinity of which the detection unit 3 is arranged.
- the test gas that has passed through the functional layer 10 is determined quantitatively by the detection unit 3, so that in this embodiment too, based on the determined amount of test gas that has passed through the functional layer 10, the presence of defects in the functional layer can be inferred.
- the device 1 can first analyze a defect-free area of the functional layer 10 to be examined by means of the method, so that a comparison value for the amount of test gas that has passed and possibly also the time required for this can be determined.
- the device of the second embodiment is also characterized by a compact but highly functional design.
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA3162839A CA3162839A1 (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2020-12-16 | Method for analysing a functional layer of an electrochemical cell or an electrochemical sensor application |
CN202080089679.XA CN114845796B (zh) | 2019-12-23 | 2020-12-16 | 用于分析电化学电池或电化学传感器应用的功能层的方法 |
KR1020227021665A KR20220101723A (ko) | 2019-12-23 | 2020-12-16 | 전기화학 전지 및 전기화학 센서 애플리케이션의 기능층 분석 방법 |
EP20835750.9A EP4081331A1 (de) | 2019-12-23 | 2020-12-16 | Verfahren zur analyse einer funktionalen schicht einer elektrochemischen zelle oder einer elektrochemischen sensorenanwendung |
US17/787,736 US20230077313A1 (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2020-12-16 | Method of analyzing a functional layer of an electrochemical cell or an electrochemical sensor application |
JP2022539077A JP7440640B2 (ja) | 2019-12-23 | 2020-12-16 | 電気化学セル又は電気化学的センサ用途の機能層の分析のための方法およびそれを実行するための装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102019220561.5A DE102019220561B4 (de) | 2019-12-23 | 2019-12-23 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Analyse einer funktionalen Schicht einer elektrochemischen Zelle oder einer elektrochemischen Sensorenanwendung |
DE102019220561.5 | 2019-12-23 |
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WO2021130080A1 true WO2021130080A1 (de) | 2021-07-01 |
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PCT/EP2020/086474 WO2021130080A1 (de) | 2019-12-23 | 2020-12-16 | Verfahren zur analyse einer funktionalen schicht einer elektrochemischen zelle oder einer elektrochemischen sensorenanwendung |
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US (1) | US20230077313A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4081331A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7440640B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20220101723A (de) |
CN (1) | CN114845796B (de) |
CA (1) | CA3162839A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019220561B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021130080A1 (de) |
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DE102021119843B3 (de) | 2021-07-30 | 2022-10-20 | Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik gemeinnützige Gesellschaft mbH | Prüfvorrichtung und Prüfverfahren zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung durchströmbarer, mehrlagiger Textilverbunde |
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- 2020-12-16 WO PCT/EP2020/086474 patent/WO2021130080A1/de unknown
- 2020-12-16 CA CA3162839A patent/CA3162839A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-16 CN CN202080089679.XA patent/CN114845796B/zh active Active
- 2020-12-16 EP EP20835750.9A patent/EP4081331A1/de active Pending
- 2020-12-16 US US17/787,736 patent/US20230077313A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-16 KR KR1020227021665A patent/KR20220101723A/ko active Search and Examination
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CA3162839A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
DE102019220561A1 (de) | 2021-06-24 |
CN114845796B (zh) | 2024-03-15 |
DE102019220561B4 (de) | 2021-09-30 |
JP2023508102A (ja) | 2023-02-28 |
US20230077313A1 (en) | 2023-03-09 |
KR20220101723A (ko) | 2022-07-19 |
CN114845796A (zh) | 2022-08-02 |
EP4081331A1 (de) | 2022-11-02 |
JP7440640B2 (ja) | 2024-02-28 |
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