WO2020077845A1 - 电磁激励器以及屏幕发声装置 - Google Patents

电磁激励器以及屏幕发声装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020077845A1
WO2020077845A1 PCT/CN2018/123671 CN2018123671W WO2020077845A1 WO 2020077845 A1 WO2020077845 A1 WO 2020077845A1 CN 2018123671 W CN2018123671 W CN 2018123671W WO 2020077845 A1 WO2020077845 A1 WO 2020077845A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
permanent magnet
coil
electromagnetic exciter
pole magnetized
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PCT/CN2018/123671
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘春发
朱跃光
毛东升
臧玮晔
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020077845A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020077845A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/34—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/02—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moved one way by energisation of a single coil system and returned by mechanical force, e.g. by springs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the technical field of electroacoustic conversion, and more specifically, to an electromagnetic exciter and a screen sounding device.
  • the screen sounding device In order to increase the screen ratio of mobile phones and other electronic products (that is, the ratio of screen area to frontal area), the cancellation of the earpiece has become a development trend.
  • a screen sounding device is used instead of the earpiece.
  • the screen sounding device generally includes a screen body and an electromagnetic actuator provided on the screen body. The electromagnetic exciter vibrates, which causes the screen body to vibrate to make a sound.
  • Existing electromagnetic exciters usually include a stator, a vibrator, and a shrapnel.
  • the stator includes a housing and a coil.
  • the vibrator includes a permanent magnet and a mass connected together. The vibrator is suspended in the cavity of the housing through the elastic sheet. The coil is fixed on the inner wall of the housing.
  • a permanent magnet with a unidirectional polarity or multiple permanent magnets in combination with multiple polarities are usually provided.
  • the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is uniform, usually parallel to the vibration direction or perpendicular to the vibration direction.
  • the magnetic field utilization rate of this electromagnetic actuator is low, the driving force is small, and the sensitivity is low.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new technical solution for an electromagnetic actuator.
  • an electromagnetic actuator includes a stator assembly including a housing and a coil, a cavity is formed inside the housing, and the coil is disposed in the cavity; a vibrator assembly including an integrally formed unit A multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet having a plurality of magnetic parts, and the magnetic lines of the plurality of magnetic parts are configured to be connected to each other to jointly form a magnetic circuit, respectively located in the multi-pole magnetized
  • the polarities of the two magnetic parts of the two ends of the permanent magnet in the vibration direction point to the coil, and the polarities are opposite, and the vibrator assembly cooperates with the coil; and the elastic element, the vibrator assembly and the The elastic element is connected and suspended in the cavity by the elastic element.
  • the vibrator assembly further includes a weight portion, the weight portion is connected to the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet, and the elastic element is connected to the weight portion.
  • the weight parts correspond to the elastic elements in one-to-one relationship;
  • the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet includes a long side and a short side, and the long side and the vibration direction Vertically, the two weight parts are respectively provided at the two ends of the long side.
  • notches are formed at both ends of the long side respectively, the two notches are center symmetrical with respect to the geometric center of the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet, and the two weight parts are respectively disposed at two In the gap.
  • the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet is divided into a first magnetic part, a third magnetic part, and a second magnetic part along the vibration direction, and the first magnetic part and the second magnetic part are respectively located in the multi-pole Two ends of the pole magnetized permanent magnet along the vibration direction, the magnetization direction of the third magnetic part is parallel to the vibration direction, and the magnetization directions of the first magnetic part and the second magnetic part are perpendicular to the vibration direction , And the magnetization direction is opposite.
  • the third magnetic part is first magnetized, and then the first magnetic part and the second magnetic part are magnetized.
  • the housing includes a top wall and a bottom wall that are oppositely arranged in the vibration direction, and at least one of the top wall and the bottom wall is provided with a boss protruding toward the cavity. One end of the elastic element is fixed on the boss.
  • a plurality of vibrator assemblies are included, and the number of the vibrator assemblies is one more than the number of the coils, and the vibrator assemblies and the coils are alternately arranged.
  • a plurality of coils are included, the number of the coils is one more than the number of the vibrator assemblies, and the coils and the vibrator assemblies are alternately arranged.
  • a screen sounding device includes a screen body and the above-mentioned electromagnetic exciter, and the electromagnetic exciter is provided on the screen body.
  • the electromagnetic exciter is provided on the screen body through an elastic buffer element.
  • the electromagnetic exciter has the characteristics of high sensitivity, fast vibration speed, and good vibration sensing experience.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an electromagnetic exciter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic exciter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic exciter at another angle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic exciter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • an electromagnetic exciter As shown in FIG. 1, the exciter includes a stator assembly, a vibrator assembly, and an elastic element.
  • the stator assembly includes a housing and coil 20.
  • the interior of the housing forms a cavity.
  • the coil 20 is provided in the cavity.
  • the casing has a rectangular parallelepiped structure.
  • the shell includes an upper shell 11, a middle shell 12 and a lower shell 22 that are snapped together. Form cavities inside them.
  • the middle shell 12 includes a top wall, a bottom wall, and two oppositely arranged short side walls 26 connecting the top wall and the bottom wall. The length of the top and bottom walls is greater than the length of the two short side walls.
  • the top wall, bottom wall, upper shell 11 and lower shell 22 are long side walls 25. The length of the long side wall 25 is greater than the length of the short side wall 26.
  • the coil 20 is adhered to the lower case 22 by glue.
  • the coil 20 is electrically connected to an external circuit through the FPCB 21.
  • the coil 20 has a flat structure to save space inside the cavity.
  • the vibrator assembly includes an integrally formed multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23.
  • the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 is a ferrite magnet, a neodymium iron boron magnet, or the like.
  • the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 is integrally formed through steps such as preparation, casting, and sintering.
  • the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 may be a bar magnet, a round magnet, an arc magnet, or the like.
  • the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 has a plurality of magnetic portions 17, 18, and 19.
  • the magnetic force lines of the plurality of magnetic parts 17, 18, and 19 are configured to be connected to each other to jointly constitute a magnetic circuit.
  • the polarities of the two magnetic parts at the two ends of the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 in the vibration direction are directed to the coil, and the polarities are opposite.
  • the vibrator assembly is connected with the elastic element, and is suspended in the cavity through the elastic element.
  • the pointing coil means that the direction of the magnetic field lines is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the main plane of the coil.
  • the vibrator assembly and the coil 20 cooperate with each other to vibrate. That is, the coil 20 is subjected to electromagnetic force after being energized.
  • the vibrator assembly receives the reaction force of the coil 20 to generate vibration.
  • the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 is divided into a first magnetic portion 17, a third magnetic portion 19, and a second magnetic portion 18 in the vibration direction.
  • the first magnetic portion 17 and the second magnetic portion 18 are respectively located at both ends of the multipole magnetized permanent magnet 23 in the vibration direction.
  • the magnetization direction of the third magnetic portion 19 is parallel to the vibration direction.
  • the magnetization directions of the first magnetic portion 17 and the second magnetic portion 18 are perpendicular to the vibration direction, and the magnetization directions are opposite.
  • the direction of vibration is shown by arrow A in Figure 2.
  • the coil is located on the side of the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 so that both the first magnetic portion 17 and the second magnetic portion 18 point toward the coil.
  • the current direction of the coil portion corresponding to the first magnetic portion 17 is opposite to the current direction of the coil portion corresponding to the second magnetic portion 18, so that the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 receives the coil 20 differently
  • the driving force of the parts is in the same direction.
  • the magnetization method of the multi-pole magnetization permanent magnet is not limited to the above embodiment, as long as it can form a magnetic circuit.
  • a person skilled in the art can set the position of the coil 20 according to actual needs, so as to facilitate cooperation with the vibrator assembly.
  • the side wall of the housing is parallel to the vibration direction.
  • the coil 20 is provided on the long side wall 25, for example, on the lower case 22.
  • the long axis of the coil 20 is parallel to the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 22. This arrangement makes the area where the coil 20 interacts with the vibrator assembly larger, and the driving force of the vibrator assembly greater.
  • the space occupied by the coil 20 is small.
  • the third magnetic portion 19 is magnetized first. Then, the first magnetic portion 17 and the second magnetic portion 18 are magnetized.
  • the magnetizing coil is arranged in a vertical direction to magnetize the entire base material of the multi-pole magnetizing permanent magnet 23. Then, the magnetizing coils are arranged in a horizontal direction to magnetize both end portions of the base material, respectively, to form the first magnetic portion 17 and the second magnetic portion 18.
  • the action area of the magnetizing coil is controlled to prevent the middle portion of the multi-pole magnetizing permanent magnet 23, that is, the third magnetic portion 19 from being interfered.
  • a multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 is formed.
  • the magnetic part and the magnetization method of the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 are not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art may set it according to actual needs.
  • the vibrator assembly includes an integrally formed multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23.
  • the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 has a plurality of magnetic parts.
  • the magnetic lines of the plurality of magnetic parts are configured to be connected with each other to jointly constitute a magnetic circuit.
  • the polarities of the two magnetic parts at the two ends of the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 in the vibration direction point to the coil, and the polarities are opposite. This makes the magnetic intensity of the vibrator assembly effectively increase.
  • the driving force of the electromagnetic actuator of the same volume is effectively improved.
  • the vibration speed of the vibrator assembly is effectively accelerated.
  • the sensitivity of the electromagnetic actuator is significantly improved.
  • the vibrator assembly further includes a weight portion.
  • the weight part is connected to the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23.
  • the elastic element is connected to the weight part.
  • the weight portion is a metal block.
  • the weight part is connected with the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet through glue.
  • the elastic element is a shrapnel.
  • the shrapnel is linear, U-shaped or Z-shaped.
  • the shrapnel is made of metal, for example, the first shrapnel and the second shrapnel. One end of the shrapnel is welded to the corresponding weight part by welding.
  • the weight part increases the mass of the vibrator assembly and improves the vibration feeling of the electromagnetic exciter.
  • the weight part corresponds to the elastic element one by one.
  • the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23 includes a long side and a short side.
  • the long side refers to the longest side of the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23.
  • the long side is perpendicular to the direction of vibration.
  • the two weight parts are respectively provided at the two ends of the long side.
  • the first metal block and the second metal block are respectively bonded to the two ends of the long side of the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet 23. With this arrangement, the assembly of the counterweight is easier.
  • the weight portion does not occupy space in the vibration direction.
  • the vibration margin of the electromagnetic actuator is larger.
  • notches are formed at both ends of the long side, respectively.
  • the two gaps are centrosymmetric with respect to the geometric center of the multi-pole magnetized permanent magnet.
  • the two weight parts are respectively provided in the two notches.
  • the first magnetic portion 17 is blanked at one end to form a first notch.
  • the first metal block 14 is fixed in the first notch.
  • bonding by glue for example, bonding by glue.
  • the second magnetic portion 18 is subjected to material removal processing at the end opposite to the first notch to form a second notch, and the second metal block 16 is fixed in the second notch. For example, bonding by glue.
  • the space occupied by the metal block can be effectively reduced, which makes the vibration margin of the vibrator assembly larger.
  • the amplitude of the electromagnetic exciter is larger and the vibration feeling is stronger.
  • the upper surface of the first metal block 14 is flush with the upper surface of the first magnetic portion 17.
  • the lower surface of the second metal block 16 is flush with the lower surface of the second magnetic portion 18.
  • One end of the first elastic piece 13 is welded to the upper surface of the first metal block 14.
  • One end of the second elastic piece 15 is welded to the lower surface of the second metal block 16.
  • This arrangement makes the connection structure of the vibrator assembly and the elastic element more regular, makes full use of the space inside the cavity, and the vibration effect is more excellent.
  • the shrapnel is directly connected to the inner wall of the housing.
  • one end of the shrapnel is welded to the inner wall of the housing by welding.
  • the vibrator assembly easily collides with the sound of the housing, thereby forming noise.
  • a boss projecting toward the cavity is provided on the top wall.
  • the other end of the first elastic body is fixed on the boss.
  • a boss projecting toward the cavity is provided on the bottom wall.
  • the other end of the second elastic body is fixed on the boss.
  • bosses are respectively formed in the middle of the two long side walls 25 of the middle case 12.
  • the first elastic piece 13 and the second elastic piece 15 are welded to the two bosses respectively.
  • the boss and the corresponding other part of the inner wall form a height difference.
  • the height difference provides space for the vibration of the vibrator assembly. This method can effectively reduce the probability of collision between the vibrator assembly and the housing.
  • the electromagnetic exciter includes multiple vibrator assemblies.
  • the number of vibrator assemblies is one more than the number of coils 20.
  • the vibrator assembly and the coil 20 are alternately arranged.
  • the electromagnetic exciter includes a plurality of coils 20.
  • the number of coils 20 is one more than the number of vibrator assemblies.
  • the coil 20 and the vibrator assembly are alternately arranged. The above setting method can significantly improve the vibration sensing experience of the electromagnetic actuator.
  • a screen sounding device includes a screen body and the above-mentioned electromagnetic actuator.
  • the electromagnetic actuator is provided on the screen body.
  • the screen sounding device has the characteristics of high sensitivity, loudness and good sounding effect.
  • the electromagnetic actuator is provided on the screen body through the elastic buffer element.
  • the elastic buffer element may be foam, sponge, rubber, silicone, plastic and other elastic materials. The elastic buffer element can effectively buffer the impact of the electromagnetic exciter on the screen body and improve the durability of the screen sounding device.
  • the elastic buffer element can play a role of heat insulation, which can prevent the heat of the electromagnetic actuator from being transmitted to the screen body, causing burns.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种电磁激励器以及屏幕发声装置。该激励器包括：定子组件包括壳体和线圈（20），壳体的内部形成腔体，线圈（20）被设置在腔体内；振子组件包括一体成型的多极充磁永磁体（23），多极充磁永磁体（23）具有多个的磁性部（17，18，19），多个磁性部（17，18，19）的磁力线被配置为相互衔接，以共同构成磁回路，分别位于多极充磁永磁体（23）的沿振动方向的两个端部的两个磁性部的极性指向线圈，并且极性相反，振子组件与线圈相配合；振子组件与弹性元件连接，并且通过弹性元件悬置在腔体内。

Description

电磁激励器以及屏幕发声装置 技术领域
本实用新型涉及电声转换技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种电磁激励器以及屏幕发声装置。
背景技术
为了提高手机等电子产品的屏占比(即屏幕面积与正面面积之比)，取消听筒成为了一种发展趋势。在一些方案中，采用屏幕发声装置来代替听筒。屏幕发声装置通常包括屏幕本体和设置在屏幕本体上的电磁激励器。电磁激励器发生振动，从而带动屏幕本体振动以发出声音。
现有的电磁激励器通常包括定子、振子和弹片。定子包括壳体和线圈。振子包括连接在一起的永磁体和质量块。振子通过弹片悬置在外壳的腔体中。线圈固定在外壳的内壁上。
在这种结构中，通常设置一个单一方向极性的永磁体或多块永磁体组合多极性。
永磁体的充磁方向均一，通常为平行于振动方向或者垂直于振动方向。这种电磁激励器的磁场利用率低，驱动力小，灵敏度低。
因此，需要提供一种新的技术方案，以解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种电磁激励器的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种电磁激励器。该激励器包括：定子组件，所述定子组件包括壳体和线圈，所述壳体的内部形成腔体，所述线圈被设置在所述腔体内；振子组件，所述振子组件包括一体成型的多极充磁永磁体,所述多极充磁永磁体具有多个的磁性部,多个所述磁性部的磁力线被配置为相互衔接，以共同构成磁回路，分别位于所述多极充磁永磁 体的沿振动方向的两个端部的两个磁性部的极性指向所述线圈，并且极性相反，所述振子组件与所述线圈相配合；以及弹性元件，所述振子组件与所述弹性元件连接，并且通过所述弹性元件悬置在所述腔体内。
可选地，所述振子组件还包括配重部，所述配重部与所述多极充磁永磁体连接，所述弹性元件与所述配重部连接。
可选地，所述配重部设置有两个，所述配重部与所述弹性元件一一对应；所述多极充磁永磁体包括长边和短边，所述长边与振动方向垂直，两个所述配重部被分别设置在所述长边的两个端部。
可选地，在所述长边的两端分别形成缺口，两个所述缺口相对于所述多极充磁永磁体的几何中心呈中心对称，两个所述配重部被分别设置在两个所述缺口中。
可选地，所述多极充磁永磁体沿振动方向分为第一磁性部、第三磁性部和第二磁性部，所述第一磁性部和所述第二磁性部分别位于所述多极充磁永磁体沿振动方向的两个端部，所述第三磁性部的充磁方向平行于振动方向，所述第一磁性部和所述第二磁性部的充磁方向垂直于振动方向，并且充磁方向相反。
可选地，在充磁时，先对所述第三磁性部进行充磁，然后对所述第一磁性部和所述第二磁性部进行充磁。
可选地，所述壳体包括在振动方向上相对设置的顶壁和底壁，在所述顶壁和所述底壁的至少一个上设置有向所述腔体凸出的凸台，所述弹性元件的一端被固定在所述凸台上。
可选地，包括多个振子组件，所述振子组件的数量比所述线圈的数量多一个，所述振子组件与所述线圈交替设置。
可选地，包括多个线圈，所述线圈的数量比所述振子组件的数量多一个，所述线圈与所述振子组件交替设置。
根据本公开的第二方面，提供了一种屏幕发声装置。该装置包括屏幕本体和上述电磁激励器，所述电磁激励器被设置在所述屏幕本体上。
可选地，所述电磁激励器通过弹性缓冲元件被设置在所述屏幕本体上。
根据本公开的一个实施例，该电磁激励器具有灵敏度高，起振速度快，振感体验好的特点。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是根据本公开的一个实施例的电磁激励器的分解图。
图2是根据本公开的一个实施例的电磁激励器的剖视图。
图3是根据本公开的一个实施例的另一个角度的电磁激励器的剖视图。
图4是根据本公开的一个实施例的电磁激励器的原理图。
附图标记说明：
11：上壳；12：中壳；13：第一弹片；14：第一金属块；15：第二弹片；16：第二金属块；17：第一磁性部；18：第二磁性部；19：第三磁性部；20：线圈；21：FPCB；22：下壳；23：多极充磁永磁体；25：长侧壁；26：短侧壁。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的 值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
根据本公开的一个实施例，提供了一种电磁激励器。如图1所示，该激励器包括定子组件、振子组件和弹性元件。
定子组件包括壳体和线圈20。壳体的内部形成腔体。线圈20被设置在腔体内。
如图1所示，壳体呈长方体结构。壳体包括扣合在一起的上壳11、中壳12和下壳22。在它们内部形成腔体。中壳12包括顶壁、底壁和连接顶壁和底壁的两个相对设置的短侧壁26。顶壁和底壁的长度大于两个短侧壁为的长度。顶壁、底壁、上壳11和下壳22均为长侧壁25。长侧壁25的长度大于短侧壁26的长度。
线圈20通过胶粘结在下壳22。线圈20通过FPCB21与外部电路电连接。例如，线圈20呈扁平结构，以节省腔体内部的空间。
如图4所示，振子组件包括一体成型的多极充磁永磁体23。多极充磁永磁体23为铁氧体磁铁或者钕铁硼磁铁等。例如，多极充磁永磁体23通过备料、浇铸、烧结等步骤一体成型。多极充磁永磁体23可以是条形磁铁、圆形磁铁、弧形磁铁等。
多极充磁永磁体23具有多个的磁性部17,18,19。多个磁性部17,18,19的磁力线被配置为相互衔接，以共同构成磁回路。分别位于所述多极充磁永磁体23的沿振动方向的两个端部的两个磁性部的极性指向线圈，并且极性相反。振子组件与弹性元件连接，并且通过弹性元件悬置在腔体内。例如，指向线圈是指磁力线的方向垂直或者基本垂直于线圈的主平面。
通过这种方式，能够有效地提高振子组件的磁感强度。振子组件与线圈20相互配合，以进行振动。即线圈20在通电后受到电磁力的作用。振子组件收到线圈20的反作用力的作用从而产生振动。
在一个例子中，如图1-4所示，多极充磁永磁体23沿振动方向分为 第一磁性部17、第三磁性部19和第二磁性部18。第一磁性部17和第二磁性部18分别位于多极充磁永磁体23沿振动方向的两个端部。第三磁性部19的充磁方向平行于振动方向。第一磁性部17和第二磁性部18的充磁方向垂直于振动方向，并且充磁方向相反。振动方向如图2中A箭头所示。
在该例子中，如图2或者4所示，线圈位于多极充磁永磁体23的侧部，以使第一磁性部17和第二磁性部18均指向线圈。在初始状态时，第一磁性部17对应的线圈的部位的电流方向与第二磁性部18对应的线圈的部位的电流方向相反，以使多极充磁永磁体23收到的线圈20的不同部位的驱动力的方向相同。
当然，多极充磁永磁体的充磁方式不限于上述实施例，只要能够形成磁回路即可。本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要设置线圈20的位置，以便于与振子组件进行配合。
例如，壳体的侧壁平行于振动方向。线圈20被设置在长侧壁25上，例如，下壳22上。线圈20的长轴平行于上壳11、下壳22。这种设置方式使得线圈20与振子组件相互作用的面积更大，振子组件的驱动力更大。
此外，线圈20占据的空间小。
在一个例子中，在充磁时，先对第三磁性部19进行充磁。然后对第一磁性部17和第二磁性部18进行充磁。例如，首先将充磁线圈布置成竖直方向，对多极充磁永磁体23的基体材料的整体进行充磁。然后，将充磁线圈布置成水平方向，以分别对基体材料的两个端部进行充磁，以形成第一磁性部17和第二磁性部18。在该步骤中，控制充磁线圈的作用区域，以防止多极充磁永磁体23的中部，即第三磁性部19被干涉。在充磁完成后，形成多极充磁永磁体23。
当然，多极充磁永磁体23的磁性部、充磁方法不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行设置。
在本公开实施例中，振子组件包括一体成型的多极充磁永磁体23。多极充磁永磁体23具有多个的磁性部。多个磁性部磁力线被配置为相互衔接，以共同构成磁回路。位于多极充磁永磁体23的沿振动方向的两个端部的两个磁性部的极性指向线圈，并且极性相反。这使得振子组件的磁感强 度有效地提高。相同体积的电磁激励器的驱动力有效地提高。振子组件的起振速度有效地加快。电磁激励器的灵敏度显著提高。
在一个例子中，如图1或3所示，振子组件还包括配重部。配重部与多极充磁永磁体23连接。弹性元件与配重部连接。例如，配重部为金属块。通过胶将配重部与多极充磁永磁铁连接。弹性元件为弹片。例如，弹片为直线形、U形或者Z字形等。弹片为金属材质，例如，第一弹片和第二弹片。采用焊接的方式将弹片的一端焊接在相应的配重部上。配重部增大了振子组件的质量，提高了电磁激励器的振感。
在一个例子中，配重部设置有两个。例如，第一金属块14和第二金属块16。配重部与弹性元件一一对应。例如，第一弹片13和第二弹片15。多极充磁永磁体23包括长边和短边。长边是指多极充磁永磁体23中长度最长的边。长边与振动方向垂直。两个配重部被分别设置在长边的两个端部。例如，第一金属块和第二金属块分别粘结在多极充磁永磁体23的长边的两个端部。这种设置方式，配重部的装配更容易。
此外，配重部不占用振动方向的空间。电磁激励器的振动余量更大。
在一个例子中，在长边的两端分别形成缺口(未示出)。两个缺口相对于多极充磁永磁体的几何中心呈中心对称。两个配重部被分别设置在两个缺口中。
例如，第一磁性部17在一端做去料处理以形成第一缺口。第一金属块14被固定在第一缺口中。例如，通过胶进行粘结。第二磁性部18在与第一缺口相对的一端做去料处理以形成第二缺口，第二金属块16被固定在第二缺口中。例如，通过胶进行粘结。
通过将金属块固定在相应地缺口中的方式，能够有效地减小金属块占用的空间，这使得振子组件的振动余量更大。电磁激励器的振幅更大，振感更强。
在一个例子中，如图3所示，第一金属块14的上表面与第一磁性部17的上表面平齐。第二金属块16的下表面与第二磁性部18的下表面平齐。第一弹片13的一端被焊接在第一金属块14的上表面上。第二弹片15的一端被焊接在第二金属块16的下表面上。
这种设置方式使得振子组件与弹性元件的连接结构更加规整，充分利用了腔体内部的空间，振动效果更加优良。
在通常情况下，弹片与壳体的内壁直接连接。例如，采用焊接的方式将弹片的一端焊接在壳体的内壁上。在振动时，振子组件容易与壳体发声碰撞，从而形成杂音。
在一个例子中(未示出)，在顶壁上设置有向腔体凸出的凸台。第一弹性体的另一端被固定在凸台上。
和/或
在底壁上设置有向腔体凸出的凸台。第二弹性体的另一端被固定在凸台上。
例如，在中壳12的两个长侧壁25的中部分别形成凸台。第一弹片13和第二弹片15分别焊接在两个凸台上。在振动时凸台与相对应的内壁的其他部位形成高度差。高度差为振子组件的振动提供了空间。这种方式能够有效地降低振子组件与壳体的碰撞几率。
在一个例子中，电磁激励器包括多个振子组件。振子组件的数量比线圈20的数量多一个。振子组件与线圈20交替设置。
还可以是，电磁激励器包括多个线圈20。线圈20的数量比振子组件的数量多一个。线圈20与振子组件交替设置。上述设置方式能够显著提升电磁激励器的振感体验。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择线圈20和振子组件的数量。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，提供了一种屏幕发声装置。该装置包括屏幕本体和上述的电磁激励器。电磁激励器被设置在屏幕本体上。
该屏幕发声装置具有灵敏度高，响度大，发声效果好的特点。
在一个例子中，电磁激励器通过弹性缓冲元件被设置在屏幕本体上。弹性缓冲元件可以是泡绵、海绵、橡胶、硅胶、塑料等具有弹性的材料。弹性缓冲元件能够有效地缓冲电磁激励器对屏幕本体的冲击，提高了屏幕发声装置的耐用性。
此外，弹性缓冲元件能够起到隔热的作用，能够防止电磁激励器的热量传导至屏幕本体，造成灼伤。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电磁激励器，其特征在于：包括：
    定子组件，所述定子组件包括壳体和线圈，所述壳体的内部形成腔体，所述线圈被设置在所述腔体内；
    振子组件，所述振子组件包括一体成型的多极充磁永磁体,所述多极充磁永磁体具有多个的磁性部,多个所述磁性部的磁力线被配置为相互衔接，以共同构成磁回路，分别位于所述多极充磁永磁体的沿振动方向的两个端部的两个磁性部的极性指向所述线圈，并且极性相反，所述振子组件与所述线圈相配合；以及
    弹性元件，所述振子组件与所述弹性元件连接，并且通过所述弹性元件悬置在所述腔体内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁激励器，其特征在于：所述振子组件还包括配重部，所述配重部与所述多极充磁永磁体连接，所述弹性元件与所述配重部连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电磁激励器，其特征在于：所述配重部设置有两个，所述配重部与所述弹性元件一一对应；所述多极充磁永磁体包括长边和短边，所述长边与振动方向垂直，两个所述配重部被分别设置在所述长边的两个端部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电磁激励器，其特征在于：在所述长边的两端分别形成缺口，两个所述缺口相对于所述多极充磁永磁体的几何中心呈中心对称，两个所述配重部被分别设置在两个所述缺口中。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁激励器，其特征在于：所述多极充磁永磁体沿振动方向分为第一磁性部、第三磁性部和第二磁性部，所述第一磁性部和所述第二磁性部分别位于所述多极充磁永磁体沿振动方向的两个 端部，所述第三磁性部的充磁方向平行于振动方向，所述第一磁性部和所述第二磁性部的充磁方向垂直于振动方向，并且充磁方向相反。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电磁激励器，其特征在于：在充磁时，先对所述第三磁性部进行充磁，然后对所述第一磁性部和所述第二磁性部进行充磁。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁激励器，其特征在于：所述壳体包括在振动方向上相对设置的顶壁和底壁，在所述顶壁和所述底壁的至少一个上设置有向所述腔体凸出的凸台，所述弹性元件的一端被固定在所述凸台上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁激励器，其特征在于：包括多个振子组件，所述振子组件的数量比所述线圈的数量多一个，所述振子组件与所述线圈交替设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁激励器，其特征在于：包括多个线圈，所述线圈的数量比所述振子组件的数量多一个，所述线圈与所述振子组件交替设置。
  10. 一种屏幕发声装置，其特征在于：包括屏幕本体和如权利要求1-9中的任意一项所述的电磁激励器，所述电磁激励器被设置在所述屏幕本体上。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的屏幕发声装置，其特征在于：所述电磁激励器通过弹性缓冲元件被设置在所述屏幕本体上。
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