WO2020008884A1 - Reverse osmosis treatment method and system - Google Patents

Reverse osmosis treatment method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020008884A1
WO2020008884A1 PCT/JP2019/024317 JP2019024317W WO2020008884A1 WO 2020008884 A1 WO2020008884 A1 WO 2020008884A1 JP 2019024317 W JP2019024317 W JP 2019024317W WO 2020008884 A1 WO2020008884 A1 WO 2020008884A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
raw water
water
reverse osmosis
heat
heated
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2019/024317
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
孝司 青木
小野　雄壱
Original Assignee
栗田工業株式会社
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Publication date
Application filed by 栗田工業株式会社 filed Critical 栗田工業株式会社
Priority to CN201980045228.3A priority Critical patent/CN112384479B/en
Priority to JP2019533667A priority patent/JP6777236B2/en
Priority to KR1020207035981A priority patent/KR102477968B1/en
Publication of WO2020008884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020008884A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/08—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/22—Cooling or heating elements
    • B01D2313/221—Heat exchangers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reverse osmosis treatment method and system for treating water using a reverse osmosis membrane device, and particularly to a reverse osmosis treatment method and system for heating water supplied to a reverse osmosis membrane device with a heat pump.
  • the feed water temperature is adjusted to maintain the treated water volume (maintaining the flux by preventing a decrease in the viscosity of water and improving the recovery rate by increasing the saturation solubility of silica). It is heated to about 25 ° C. Steam, hot water, electric heaters, and the like are used to heat the supply water, and energy is consumed.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-91118 describes that the feed water of the RO apparatus is heated to 23 to 25 ° C. by a heat pump, but the same publication discloses a specific description of the heat source of the heat pump. Not done.
  • the present invention aims to reduce the heating cost in a reverse osmosis treatment method and system in which water supplied to an RO device is heated by a heat pump.
  • the reverse osmosis treatment method of the present invention is a reverse osmosis treatment method in which raw water is heated by a heat pump and then subjected to membrane separation treatment by a reverse osmosis membrane device, wherein a warm medium flowing out of a heat exchanger of a refrigeration system as a heat source fluid of the heat pump Is used.
  • the reverse osmosis treatment system of the present invention is a reverse osmosis treatment device in which raw water is heated by a heat pump and then subjected to membrane separation treatment by a reverse osmosis membrane device, wherein a warm medium flowing out of a heat exchanger of a refrigeration system as a heat source fluid of the heat pump. Is used.
  • the raw water heated by the heat pump is heated by the second heat exchanger and then supplied to the reverse osmosis device.
  • steam from the boiler is supplied to the second heat exchanger as a heat source fluid for heating raw water.
  • At least a part of the raw water heated by the heat pump is supplied to the boiler as boiler feed water.
  • a water supply tank in which water is circulated between the heat transfer tube of the condenser of the heat pump and raw water is supplied to the water supply tank.
  • the raw water is circulated and heated in, and the heated raw water is supplied from the water supply tank to the reverse osmosis device.
  • a water supply tank in which water is circulated between the heat transfer tube of the condenser of the heat pump and raw water is supplied to the water supply tank.
  • the raw water is circulated and heated, and at least a part of the heated raw water is supplied to the boiler as boiler water supply.
  • the refrigeration system includes a refrigerator main body, and the heat exchanger into which a refrigerant from the refrigerator main body is introduced and a warm medium flows out. A part of the warming medium to be returned is returned to the refrigerator main body, the remaining part is introduced into the evaporator of the heat pump, and the medium cooled by the evaporator is returned to the refrigerant inlet side of the heat exchanger.
  • the refrigeration system includes a refrigerator main body, and the heat exchanger into which a refrigerant from the refrigerator main body is introduced and a warm medium flows out. A part of the warming medium to be returned is returned to the refrigerator main body, the remaining part is introduced into the evaporator of the heat pump, and the medium whose temperature has been lowered by the evaporator is returned to the refrigerator main body.
  • the present invention it is possible to reduce the heating cost of the feed water by heating the feed water to the RO device with a heat pump using the heat medium flowing out of the heat exchanger of the refrigeration system as a heat source.
  • the temperature of the warming medium flowing out of the heat exchanger of the refrigeration system is decreased by the evaporator of the heat pump, so that the refrigeration load of the refrigerator can be reduced.
  • the power consumption of the refrigerator main body can be reduced, and the total benefit generated by installing the heat pump can be increased.
  • the raw water to be subjected to the RO treatment is supplied from a pipe 1 to a condenser 13 of a heat pump 10 by a pump 2, heated, and then passes through a heat exchanger (second heat exchanger) 4 using steam as a heat source from a pipe 3. It is supplied to the RO device 6 via the pipe 5.
  • the permeated water of the RO device 6 is taken out of the pipe 7 as treated water, and the concentrated water flows out of the pipe 8.
  • the type of boiler for supplying steam to the heat exchanger 4 is not particularly limited, and may be any of a small once-through boiler, a water tube boiler, a round boiler, and a waste heat boiler. It should be noted that during normal operation, heating by steam is not necessary, but it is used for heating, for example, when the refrigerator body 21 is stopped or when the RO device 6 is started, which will be described later. However, if necessary, the RO feedwater may be heated by the heat exchanger 4 even during normal operation.
  • the heat pump 10 has a well-known configuration, and introduces a heat medium, such as chlorofluorocarbon alternative, from the evaporator 11 to the condenser 13 at a high temperature by adiabatic compression in the compressor 12, and transfers the heat medium from the condenser 13 to the expansion valve 14. Is introduced into the evaporator 11 through the, and is adiabatically expanded to lower the temperature. Raw water is passed through the heat transfer tube 13 a provided in the condenser 13 via the pump 2, and exchanges heat with a high-temperature heat medium to be heated.
  • a heat medium such as chlorofluorocarbon alternative
  • the refrigeration system 20 is configured to transfer a refrigerant cooled by a refrigerator main body 21 such as a turbo refrigerator or an absorption refrigerator to a heat exchanger such as an air conditioner via a pipe 22 from a medium delivery unit 21a of the refrigerator main body 21.
  • a refrigerator main body 21 such as a turbo refrigerator or an absorption refrigerator
  • a heat exchanger such as an air conditioner
  • the refrigeration system 20 is configured to transfer a refrigerant cooled by a refrigerator main body 21 such as a turbo refrigerator or an absorption refrigerator to a heat exchanger such as an air conditioner via a pipe 22 from a medium delivery unit 21a of the refrigerator main body 21.
  • First heat exchanger to absorb the heat of the surroundings and cool the surroundings.
  • a part of the warming medium which has been heated by absorbing the surrounding heat in the heat exchanger 24, is transferred from the heat exchanger 24 via the medium circulation pump 25, the pipe 26, and the valve 27 to the medium return portion 21 b of the refrigerator body 21.
  • the remaining portion of the warm medium flowing out of the heat exchanger 24 flows through the heat transfer tube 11a of the evaporator 11 via the pipe 31 branched from the pipe 26 and the valve 32, exchanges heat with the heat pump heat medium, and cools down by cooling. It becomes a medium and flows out to the pipe 33.
  • the pipe 33 is connected to the pipe 22, and the refrigerant from the pipe 33 joins with the refrigerant from the refrigerator main body 21 and flows into the heat exchanger 24.
  • the heating medium flowing out of the heat exchanger 24 is used as the heat source fluid flowing through the heat transfer tube 11a of the evaporator 11 of the heat pump 10.
  • the refrigerant whose temperature has been lowered by passing through the heat transfer tube 11 a of the evaporator 11 of the heat pump 10 is returned to the heat exchanger 24.
  • the refrigerator main body 21 of the refrigeration system 20 uses cold water from the cooling tower 40 as a low-temperature fluid for cooling.
  • the cooling water sprinkled from the water sprinkling pipe 41 comes into contact with the air introduced from the louver 43 while flowing down the filler layer 42, and is cooled by the latent heat of evaporation to become cold water, and the pit 44 (cooling tower) (Lower tank). Air containing steam is exhausted to the atmosphere by a fan 48.
  • the cold water in the pit 44 is supplied to the refrigerator main body 21 via a pump 45 and a pipe 46, and exchanges heat to raise the temperature.
  • the warm return water from the refrigerator main body 21 is returned to the sprinkling pipe 41 via the pipe 47.
  • the raw water is heated by the heat pump 10, then, if necessary, is heated by the heat exchanger 4, and is supplied to the RO device 6.
  • a heating medium flowing out of a heat exchanger 24 such as an air conditioner installed in the refrigeration system 20 is used as a heat source of the heat pump 10, and the refrigeration load of the refrigerator main body 21 can be reduced. it can.
  • the power consumption of the refrigerator main body 21 can be reduced, the power consumed by the heat pump 10 is almost offset. For this reason, since the amount of reduction of the steam for heating can be directly recorded as a benefit, the investment in the heat pump can be quickly recovered.
  • the refrigerant sent from the refrigerator main body 21 via the pipe 22 and the refrigerant sent from the evaporator 11 via the pipe 33 are combined to form an air conditioner or the like.
  • the warm medium flowing out of the heat exchanger 24 is sent out to a pipe 28 by a medium circulation pump 25.
  • a part of the sent warm medium is circulated to the medium return part 21b of the refrigerator main body 21 via the valve 29 and the pipe 30.
  • the remaining portion of the heating medium sent to the pipe 28 flows through the heat transfer tube 11a of the evaporator 11 via the pipe 35 and the valve 36 branched from the pipe 28, exchanges heat with the heat pump heat medium, and cools down by cooling. And merges with the pipe 30 from the pipe 37 and returns to the medium return portion 21b of the refrigerator main body 21.
  • FIG. 2 The other configuration of FIG. 2 is the same as that of FIG. 1, and the same reference numerals indicate the same parts.
  • a heating medium flowing out of a heat exchanger 24 such as an air conditioner installed in a refrigeration system 20 is used as a heat source of the heat pump 10.
  • the refrigeration load of the machine body 21 can be reduced.
  • raw water (20 ° C.) is heated to 25 ° C., subjected to RO treatment at 100 m 3 / h, and a centrifugal chiller (500 RT) is operated as a refrigerator main body 21 at a COP (coefficient of performance) of 5
  • the medium of the refrigerator main body 21 is water
  • the inflow water (warm medium) temperature of the refrigerator main body return portion 21b is 12 ° C.
  • the outflow water (refrigerant) temperature of the refrigerator main body delivery portion 21a is 7 ° C.
  • a heat pump 470 kW
  • the raw water is heated from 20 ° C. to 25 ° C.
  • the energy cost will be 80% or less as compared with the case of supplying with three small once-through boilers (equivalent evaporation 2000 kg / h, fuel LNG, steam pressure 0.7 MPa).
  • the energy cost of the system in Fig. 1 was estimated to be 90% or less compared to the case where raw water is heated from 20 ° C to 25 ° C using only a heat pump.
  • the entire amount of raw water heated by passing through the heat transfer tube 13 a of the condenser 13 of the heat pump 10 is sent from the pipe 3 to the heat exchanger 4, and is supplied to the heat exchanger 4 as a heat source fluid. Steam is supplied from the boiler.
  • the pipe 3 is branched into two systems of pipes 50 and 60.
  • the heated raw water flowing into the pipe 50 is sent to the heat exchanger 4 via the valve 51, the water supply tank 52, and the pipe 53.
  • a pipe 86 provided with a valve 85 is connected to the water supply tank 52 in order to supply raw water not heated by the heat pump 10 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “unheated raw water”) to the water supply tank 52.
  • the heated raw water flowing into the pipe 60 is sent to the water supply tank 64 via the valve 61, the first water softener 62 and the pipe 63.
  • the boiler water that has passed through the second water softener 65 is also introduced into the water supply tank 64 via the pipe 66.
  • Each of the water softeners 62 and 65 has a container and an ion-exchange resin filled in the container, and uses raw water or boiler water as soft water.
  • the boiler water may be water from the same water source as the raw water, or may be water from another water source.
  • the water in the water supply tank 64 is supplied to the boiler 70 via the pipe 67.
  • the steam generated in the boiler 70 is supplied to the heat exchanger 4 via the pipe 71.
  • Raw water from the pipe 53 is heated by the heat exchanger 4 and supplied to the RO device 6.
  • the condensed water generated by the condensation of the steam in the heat exchanger 4 may be sent to the water supply tank 64.
  • FIG. 3 The other configurations in FIG. 3 are the same as those in FIG. 1, and the same reference numerals denote the same parts.
  • FIG. 3 the configurations of the heat exchanger 24, the refrigerator 20, and the cooling tower 40 connected to the heat pump 10 are as shown in FIG. 1, but may be as shown in FIG.
  • not only the water supply to the RO device 6 but also a part of the water supply to the boiler 70 can be heated by one heat pump 10.
  • the supply destination of the heating raw water can be switched or the supply amount can be adjusted by the valve 51 and the valve 61. Then, the raw water supplied by the heat pump 10 is preferentially supplied to the RO device 6 using the valve 51 and the valve 61, and the surplus of the heated raw water is supplied to the boiler 70, whereby the raw water supplied to the RO device 6 is supplied. It is possible to effectively reduce the amount of steam for heating, and to effectively use the raw water heated by the heat pump 10.
  • the valves 51 and 61 are adjusted so that the entire amount of the supplied water to the RO device 6 is used as the raw water to be heated.
  • the surplus heating water is sent to the water supply tank 64 and used as boiler water.
  • the valve 51, the valve 61, and the valve 85 are adjusted to adjust the feed water of the RO device 6 to the set temperature.
  • the surplus amount of the heated raw water is supplied to the water supply tank 64. In this way, the raw water heated by the heat pump can be effectively used throughout the year.
  • the supply destination of the heating raw water may be switched depending on the temperature of the non-heating raw water or the season. For example, when the temperature of the non-heated raw water exceeds a predetermined temperature, or in summer, the entire amount of the supply water of the RO device 6 is the non-heated raw water, and the valves 51, 61 and 85 may be adjusted. Further, when the temperature of the non-heated raw water is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, or in a season other than summer, the entire amount of the supply water of the RO device 6 is used as the raw water for heating, and the surplus of the raw water for heating is used as the boiler water supply. The valves 51, 61 and 85 may be adjusted.
  • the raw water heated by the condenser 13 of the heat pump 10 is directly sent to the pipe 3, but in the system of FIG. 4, the raw water from the pipe 1 is introduced into the water supply tank 80, The internal raw water is sent to the heat transfer tube 13 a of the condenser 13 via the pump 81 and the pipe 82. The heated raw water flowing out of the heat transfer tube 13a is returned to the water supply tank 80 via the pipe 83. Thus, the temperature of the raw water in the water supply tank 80 increases. The high temperature raw water in the water supply tank 80 is sent to the pipe 3 via the pump 84.
  • FIG. 4 The other configurations in FIG. 4 are the same as those in FIG. 3, and the same reference numerals indicate the same parts.
  • the same effects as those of the system of FIG. 3 can be obtained by the system of FIG.
  • the raw water is circulated through the water supply tank 80 and the condenser 13, so that the raw water heated to a higher temperature than in the case of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 the configurations of the heat exchanger 24, the refrigerator 20, and the cooling tower 40 connected to the heat pump 10 are as shown in FIG. 1, but may be as shown in FIG.
  • Table 1 shows the results of a trial calculation of the steam cost when the apparatus shown in Fig. 3 was operated under the following conditions.
  • the water supply tank 80, the pump 81, the pipes 82 and 83, and the pump 84 are installed in the system of FIG.
  • the raw water is heated by circulating between the heat transfer tube 13a and the water supply tank 80.
  • the heated raw water is sent from the pump 84 to only the RO device 6 via the pipe 3.
  • raw water heated to a higher temperature than in the case of FIG. 1 is sent to the RO device.
  • the steam heat exchanger 4 is used, but a heat exchanger using heat other than steam as a heat source may be installed instead of the steam heat exchanger 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

Raw water is heated by a condenser 13 of a heat pump 10 and then supplied to an RO device 6 through a heat exchanger 4 using steam as a heat source. A part of a warm medium which flows out from a heat exchanger 24 of a refrigeration system 20 is circulated through a heat transfer tube 11a of an evaporator 11 of the heat pump 10. The medium whose temperature has dropped by passing through the heat transfer tube 11a is circulated and supplied to the heat exchanger 24. The refrigeration system 20 circulates a refrigerant from a refrigerator main body 21 through the heat exchanger 24 such as an air conditioner.

Description

逆浸透処理方法及びシステムReverse osmosis treatment method and system
　本発明は、逆浸透膜装置を用いて水を処理する逆浸透処理方法及びシステムに係り、特に逆浸透膜装置への給水をヒートポンプで加熱する逆浸透処理方法及びシステムに関する。 The present invention relates to a reverse osmosis treatment method and system for treating water using a reverse osmosis membrane device, and particularly to a reverse osmosis treatment method and system for heating water supplied to a reverse osmosis membrane device with a heat pump.
　逆浸透膜装置（以下、ＲＯ装置ということがある。）にあっては、処理水量維持（水の粘度低下の防止によるフラックスの維持、シリカ飽和溶解度上昇による回収率向上）の為、給水温度を２５℃程度に加温している。この給水の加熱には蒸気、温水、電気ヒーターなどが使用され、エネルギーを消費している。 In the case of a reverse osmosis membrane device (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as an RO device), the feed water temperature is adjusted to maintain the treated water volume (maintaining the flux by preventing a decrease in the viscosity of water and improving the recovery rate by increasing the saturation solubility of silica). It is heated to about 25 ° C. Steam, hot water, electric heaters, and the like are used to heat the supply water, and energy is consumed.
　特開２０１２－９１１１８号公報の請求項７には、ＲＯ装置の給水をヒートポンプによって２３～２５℃に加熱することが記載されているが、同号公報にはヒートポンプの熱源についての具体的記載はなされていない。 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-91118 describes that the feed water of the RO apparatus is heated to 23 to 25 ° C. by a heat pump, but the same publication discloses a specific description of the heat source of the heat pump. Not done.
特開２０１２－９１１１８号公報JP 2012-91118 A
　本発明は、ヒートポンプでＲＯ装置への給水を加熱する逆浸透処理方法及びシステムにおいて、加熱コストを低減することを目的とする。 The present invention aims to reduce the heating cost in a reverse osmosis treatment method and system in which water supplied to an RO device is heated by a heat pump.
　本発明の逆浸透処理方法は、原水をヒートポンプで加熱した後、逆浸透膜装置で膜分離処理する逆浸透処理方法において、該ヒートポンプの熱源流体として、冷凍システムの熱交換器から流出する温媒体を用いることを特徴とするものである。 The reverse osmosis treatment method of the present invention is a reverse osmosis treatment method in which raw water is heated by a heat pump and then subjected to membrane separation treatment by a reverse osmosis membrane device, wherein a warm medium flowing out of a heat exchanger of a refrigeration system as a heat source fluid of the heat pump Is used.
　本発明の逆浸透処理システムは、原水をヒートポンプで加熱した後、逆浸透膜装置で膜分離処理する逆浸透処理装置において、該ヒートポンプの熱源流体として、冷凍システムの熱交換器から流出する温媒体を用いることを特徴とするものである。 The reverse osmosis treatment system of the present invention is a reverse osmosis treatment device in which raw water is heated by a heat pump and then subjected to membrane separation treatment by a reverse osmosis membrane device, wherein a warm medium flowing out of a heat exchanger of a refrigeration system as a heat source fluid of the heat pump. Is used.
　本発明の一態様では、前記ヒートポンプで加熱された原水を、第２熱交換器で加熱した後、前記逆浸透装置に供給する。 In one aspect of the present invention, the raw water heated by the heat pump is heated by the second heat exchanger and then supplied to the reverse osmosis device.
　本発明の一態様では、前記第２熱交換器に、ボイラからの蒸気を原水加熱用熱源流体として供給する。 In one embodiment of the present invention, steam from the boiler is supplied to the second heat exchanger as a heat source fluid for heating raw water.
　本発明の一態様では、前記ヒートポンプで加熱された原水の少なくとも一部をボイラ給水として前記ボイラに送水する。 In one embodiment of the present invention, at least a part of the raw water heated by the heat pump is supplied to the boiler as boiler feed water.
　本発明の一態様では、前記ヒートポンプの凝縮器の伝熱チューブとの間で水が循環される給水タンクを設置し、原水を該給水タンクに供給し、該伝熱チューブと給水タンクとの間で原水を循環させて加熱し、加熱された原水を該給水タンクから前記逆浸透装置に供給する。 In one embodiment of the present invention, a water supply tank is provided in which water is circulated between the heat transfer tube of the condenser of the heat pump and raw water is supplied to the water supply tank. The raw water is circulated and heated in, and the heated raw water is supplied from the water supply tank to the reverse osmosis device.
　本発明の一態様では、前記ヒートポンプの凝縮器の伝熱チューブとの間で水が循環される給水タンクを設置し、原水を該給水タンクに供給し、該伝熱チューブと給水タンクとの間で原水を循環させて加熱し、加熱された原水の少なくとも一部をボイラ給水として前記ボイラに送水する。 In one embodiment of the present invention, a water supply tank is provided in which water is circulated between the heat transfer tube of the condenser of the heat pump and raw water is supplied to the water supply tank. The raw water is circulated and heated, and at least a part of the heated raw water is supplied to the boiler as boiler water supply.
　本発明の一態様では、前記冷凍システムは、冷凍機本体と、該冷凍機本体からの冷媒体が導入され、温媒体が流出する前記熱交換器とを備えており、該熱交換器から流出する温媒体の一部を該冷凍機本体に戻し、残部を前記ヒートポンプの蒸発器に導入し、該蒸発器で降温した媒体を該熱交換器の冷媒体流入側に戻す。 In one aspect of the present invention, the refrigeration system includes a refrigerator main body, and the heat exchanger into which a refrigerant from the refrigerator main body is introduced and a warm medium flows out. A part of the warming medium to be returned is returned to the refrigerator main body, the remaining part is introduced into the evaporator of the heat pump, and the medium cooled by the evaporator is returned to the refrigerant inlet side of the heat exchanger.
　本発明の一態様では、前記冷凍システムは、冷凍機本体と、該冷凍機本体からの冷媒体が導入され、温媒体が流出する前記熱交換器とを備えており、該熱交換器から流出する温媒体の一部を該冷凍機本体に戻し、残部を前記ヒートポンプの蒸発器に導入し、該蒸発器で降温した媒体を該冷凍機本体に戻す。 In one aspect of the present invention, the refrigeration system includes a refrigerator main body, and the heat exchanger into which a refrigerant from the refrigerator main body is introduced and a warm medium flows out. A part of the warming medium to be returned is returned to the refrigerator main body, the remaining part is introduced into the evaporator of the heat pump, and the medium whose temperature has been lowered by the evaporator is returned to the refrigerator main body.
　本発明によると、冷凍システムの熱交換器から流出する温媒体を熱源としたヒートポンプでＲＯ装置への給水を加熱することにより、該給水の加熱コストを低減することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the heating cost of the feed water by heating the feed water to the RO device with a heat pump using the heat medium flowing out of the heat exchanger of the refrigeration system as a heat source.
　本発明の一態様では、冷凍システムの熱交換器から流出する温媒体をヒートポンプの蒸発器で降温させるので、冷凍機の冷凍負荷を低減することができる。このことで、冷凍機本体の消費電力を削減し、ヒートポンプの設置により生み出されるトータルの便益を大きくすることができる。 In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the warming medium flowing out of the heat exchanger of the refrigeration system is decreased by the evaporator of the heat pump, so that the refrigeration load of the refrigerator can be reduced. As a result, the power consumption of the refrigerator main body can be reduced, and the total benefit generated by installing the heat pump can be increased.
第１の実施の形態に係る逆浸透処理システムのブロック図である。It is a block diagram of a reverse osmosis treatment system concerning a 1st embodiment. 第２の実施の形態に係る逆浸透処理システムのブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the reverse osmosis treatment system concerning a 2nd embodiment. 第３の実施の形態に係る逆浸透処理システムのブロック図である。It is a block diagram of a reverse osmosis treatment system concerning a 3rd embodiment. 第４の実施の形態に係る逆浸透処理システムのブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the reverse osmosis treatment system concerning a 4th embodiment. 第５の実施の形態に係る逆浸透処理システムのブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the reverse osmosis treatment system concerning a 5th embodiment.
　図１を参照して第１の実施の形態について説明する。 (1) The first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
　ＲＯ処理される原水は、配管１からポンプ２によってヒートポンプ１０の凝縮器１３に供給され、加熱された後、配管３から蒸気を熱源とした熱交換器（第２熱交換器）４を通り、配管５を介してＲＯ装置６に供給される。ＲＯ装置６の透過水は配管７から処理水として取り出され、濃縮水は配管８へ流出する。 The raw water to be subjected to the RO treatment is supplied from a pipe 1 to a condenser 13 of a heat pump 10 by a pump 2, heated, and then passes through a heat exchanger (second heat exchanger) 4 using steam as a heat source from a pipe 3. It is supplied to the RO device 6 via the pipe 5. The permeated water of the RO device 6 is taken out of the pipe 7 as treated water, and the concentrated water flows out of the pipe 8.
　熱交換器４に蒸気を供給するためのボイラの形式は特に限定されるものではなく、小型貫流ボイラ、水管ボイラ、丸ボイラ、排熱ボイラなどのいずれでもよい。なお、通常運転時には蒸気による加温は必要ないが、後述の冷凍機本体２１の停止時や、ＲＯ装置６の起動時などの加温等に使用する。ただし、必要に応じ、通常運転時においても熱交換器４でＲＯ給水を加熱するようにしてもよい。 形式 The type of boiler for supplying steam to the heat exchanger 4 is not particularly limited, and may be any of a small once-through boiler, a water tube boiler, a round boiler, and a waste heat boiler. It should be noted that during normal operation, heating by steam is not necessary, but it is used for heating, for example, when the refrigerator body 21 is stopped or when the RO device 6 is started, which will be described later. However, if necessary, the RO feedwater may be heated by the heat exchanger 4 even during normal operation.
　ヒートポンプ１０は、周知構成のものであり、蒸発器１１からの代替フロン等の熱媒体を圧縮機１２で断熱圧縮により高温として凝縮器１３に導入し、凝縮器１３からの熱媒体を膨張弁１４を介して蒸発器１１に導入し、断熱膨張させて降温させるように構成されている。凝縮器１３内に設けられた伝熱チューブ１３ａに原水がポンプ２を介して通水され、高温熱媒体と熱交換して加熱される。 The heat pump 10 has a well-known configuration, and introduces a heat medium, such as chlorofluorocarbon alternative, from the evaporator 11 to the condenser 13 at a high temperature by adiabatic compression in the compressor 12, and transfers the heat medium from the condenser 13 to the expansion valve 14. Is introduced into the evaporator 11 through the, and is adiabatically expanded to lower the temperature. Raw water is passed through the heat transfer tube 13 a provided in the condenser 13 via the pump 2, and exchanges heat with a high-temperature heat medium to be heated.
　蒸発器１１内に設けられた伝熱チューブ１１ａに、冷凍システム２０の熱交換器２４から流出した温媒体の一部が配管３１及びバルブ３２を介して導入される。蒸発器１１内の低温熱媒体との熱交換により降温した冷媒体は、配管３３を介して熱交換器２４に再度導入される。 (4) A part of the heating medium flowing out of the heat exchanger 24 of the refrigeration system 20 is introduced into the heat transfer tube 11 a provided in the evaporator 11 via the pipe 31 and the valve 32. The refrigerant whose temperature has been lowered by heat exchange with the low-temperature heat medium in the evaporator 11 is again introduced into the heat exchanger 24 via the pipe 33.
　冷凍システム２０は、ターボ式冷凍機、吸収式冷凍機などの冷凍機本体２１で冷却された冷媒体を、冷凍機本体２１の媒体送出部２１ａから配管２２を介して空調機などの熱交換器（第１熱交換器）２４に供給し、周囲の熱を吸収させて該周囲を冷却する。熱交換器２４で該周囲の熱を吸収して昇温した温媒体の一部が熱交換器２４から媒体循環用ポンプ２５、配管２６、バルブ２７を介して冷凍機本体２１の媒体戻り部２１ｂに戻る。 The refrigeration system 20 is configured to transfer a refrigerant cooled by a refrigerator main body 21 such as a turbo refrigerator or an absorption refrigerator to a heat exchanger such as an air conditioner via a pipe 22 from a medium delivery unit 21a of the refrigerator main body 21. (First heat exchanger) 24 to absorb the heat of the surroundings and cool the surroundings. A part of the warming medium, which has been heated by absorbing the surrounding heat in the heat exchanger 24, is transferred from the heat exchanger 24 via the medium circulation pump 25, the pipe 26, and the valve 27 to the medium return portion 21 b of the refrigerator body 21. Return to
　熱交換器２４から流出した温媒体の残部は、配管２６から分岐した配管３１、バルブ３２を介して蒸発器１１の伝熱チューブ１１ａに流通され、ヒートポンプ熱媒体と熱交換して降温して冷媒体となり、配管３３へ流出する。配管３３は前記配管２２に連なっており、配管３３からの冷媒体は、前記冷凍機本体２１からの冷媒体と合流して熱交換器２４に流入する。 The remaining portion of the warm medium flowing out of the heat exchanger 24 flows through the heat transfer tube 11a of the evaporator 11 via the pipe 31 branched from the pipe 26 and the valve 32, exchanges heat with the heat pump heat medium, and cools down by cooling. It becomes a medium and flows out to the pipe 33. The pipe 33 is connected to the pipe 22, and the refrigerant from the pipe 33 joins with the refrigerant from the refrigerator main body 21 and flows into the heat exchanger 24.
　このように、この実施の形態では、ヒートポンプ１０の蒸発器１１の伝熱チューブ１１ａに流通される熱源流体として、熱交換器２４から流出する温媒体を利用している。また、ヒートポンプ１０の蒸発器１１の伝熱チューブ１１ａを通ることによって降温した冷媒体を熱交換器２４に戻すようにしている。 As described above, in this embodiment, the heating medium flowing out of the heat exchanger 24 is used as the heat source fluid flowing through the heat transfer tube 11a of the evaporator 11 of the heat pump 10. In addition, the refrigerant whose temperature has been lowered by passing through the heat transfer tube 11 a of the evaporator 11 of the heat pump 10 is returned to the heat exchanger 24.
　なお、この冷凍システム２０の冷凍機本体２１は、冷却用の低温流体として冷却塔４０からの冷水を用いている。 The refrigerator main body 21 of the refrigeration system 20 uses cold water from the cooling tower 40 as a low-temperature fluid for cooling.
　この冷却塔４０では、散水管４１から散水された冷却水が充填材層４２を流下する間にルーバ４３から導入される空気と接触し、蒸発潜熱により冷却されて冷水となり、ピット４４（冷却塔下部水槽）に貯留される。蒸気を含む空気はファン４８により大気中に排気される。ピット４４の冷水は、ポンプ４５、配管４６を介して冷凍機本体２１に供給され、熱交換して昇温する。冷凍機本体２１からの温戻り水が配管４７を介して散水管４１に返送される。 In the cooling tower 40, the cooling water sprinkled from the water sprinkling pipe 41 comes into contact with the air introduced from the louver 43 while flowing down the filler layer 42, and is cooled by the latent heat of evaporation to become cold water, and the pit 44 (cooling tower) (Lower tank). Air containing steam is exhausted to the atmosphere by a fan 48. The cold water in the pit 44 is supplied to the refrigerator main body 21 via a pump 45 and a pipe 46, and exchanges heat to raise the temperature. The warm return water from the refrigerator main body 21 is returned to the sprinkling pipe 41 via the pipe 47.
　このように構成された図１の逆浸透処理装置では、原水はヒートポンプ１０で加熱された後、必要に応じ熱交換器４で加熱され、ＲＯ装置６に供給される。 In the reverse osmosis treatment device of FIG. 1 configured as described above, the raw water is heated by the heat pump 10, then, if necessary, is heated by the heat exchanger 4, and is supplied to the RO device 6.
　この実施の形態では、ヒートポンプ１０の温熱源として、冷凍システム２０に設置された空調機等の熱交換器２４から流出する温媒体を用いており、冷凍機本体２１の冷凍負荷を低減させることができる。また、これによって冷凍機本体２１の消費電力を低減できるので、ヒートポンプ１０で消費される電力がほぼ相殺される。このため、加温用の蒸気の削減額がそのまま便益として計上することができるため、ヒートポンプの設置による投資の回収を早くすることができる。 In this embodiment, a heating medium flowing out of a heat exchanger 24 such as an air conditioner installed in the refrigeration system 20 is used as a heat source of the heat pump 10, and the refrigeration load of the refrigerator main body 21 can be reduced. it can. In addition, since the power consumption of the refrigerator main body 21 can be reduced, the power consumed by the heat pump 10 is almost offset. For this reason, since the amount of reduction of the steam for heating can be directly recorded as a benefit, the investment in the heat pump can be quickly recovered.
　図２を参照して第２の実施の形態について説明する。 A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
　図１の冷凍システム２０では、冷凍機本体２１から配管２２を介して送られてくる冷媒体と、蒸発器１１から配管３３を介して送られてくる冷媒体とを合流させて空調機等の熱交換器２４に流入させているが、図２の実施の形態では、冷凍機本体２１の媒体送出部２１ａから配管２２を介して送られてくる冷媒体のみを熱交換器２４に流入させる。 In the refrigeration system 20 of FIG. 1, the refrigerant sent from the refrigerator main body 21 via the pipe 22 and the refrigerant sent from the evaporator 11 via the pipe 33 are combined to form an air conditioner or the like. Although the refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger 24, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, only the refrigerant sent from the medium delivery portion 21 a of the refrigerator main body 21 via the pipe 22 flows into the heat exchanger 24.
　この熱交換器２４から流出した温媒体は、媒体循環用ポンプ２５によって配管２８に送り出される。送り出された温媒体の一部は、バルブ２９、配管３０を介して冷凍機本体２１の媒体戻り部２１ｂに循環される。 The warm medium flowing out of the heat exchanger 24 is sent out to a pipe 28 by a medium circulation pump 25. A part of the sent warm medium is circulated to the medium return part 21b of the refrigerator main body 21 via the valve 29 and the pipe 30.
　配管２８に送り出された温媒体の残部は、配管２８から分岐した配管３５及びバルブ３６を介して蒸発器１１の伝熱チューブ１１ａに流通され、ヒートポンプ熱媒体と熱交換して降温して冷媒体となり、配管３７から配管３０に合流し、冷凍機本体２１の媒体戻り部２１ｂに戻る。 The remaining portion of the heating medium sent to the pipe 28 flows through the heat transfer tube 11a of the evaporator 11 via the pipe 35 and the valve 36 branched from the pipe 28, exchanges heat with the heat pump heat medium, and cools down by cooling. And merges with the pipe 30 from the pipe 37 and returns to the medium return portion 21b of the refrigerator main body 21.
　図２のその他の構成は図１と同様であり、同一符号は同一部分を示している。 2 The other configuration of FIG. 2 is the same as that of FIG. 1, and the same reference numerals indicate the same parts.
　この実施の形態においても、図１の実施の形態と同様に、ヒートポンプ１０の温熱源として、冷凍システム２０に設置された空調機等の熱交換器２４から流出する温媒体を用いており、冷凍機本体２１の冷凍負荷を低減することができる。 Also in this embodiment, similarly to the embodiment of FIG. 1, a heating medium flowing out of a heat exchanger 24 such as an air conditioner installed in a refrigeration system 20 is used as a heat source of the heat pump 10. The refrigeration load of the machine body 21 can be reduced.
　なお、図１のシステムに従って原水（２０℃）を２５℃に加熱して１００ｍ３／ｈでＲＯ処理し、冷凍機本体２１としてターボ冷凍機（５００ＲＴ）をＣＯＰ（成績係数）５で運転し、冷凍機本体２１の媒体を水とし、冷凍機本体戻り部２１ｂの流入水（温媒体）温度１２℃、冷凍機本体送出部２１ａの流出水（冷媒体）温度７℃とし、熱交換器４に蒸気を供給せず、ヒートポンプ（４７０ｋＷ）をＣＯＰ（成績係数）６で運転する場合、蒸気式熱交換器４のみによって原水を２０℃から２５℃に加温し、蒸気式熱交換器４に蒸気を３台の小型貫流ボイラ（換算蒸発量２０００ｋｇ／ｈ、燃料ＬＮＧ、蒸気圧力０．７ＭＰａ）で供給する場合に比べてエネルギーコストは８０％以下になると試算される。 In addition, according to the system of FIG. 1, raw water (20 ° C.) is heated to 25 ° C., subjected to RO treatment at 100 m 3 / h, and a centrifugal chiller (500 RT) is operated as a refrigerator main body 21 at a COP (coefficient of performance) of 5, The medium of the refrigerator main body 21 is water, and the inflow water (warm medium) temperature of the refrigerator main body return portion 21b is 12 ° C., and the outflow water (refrigerant) temperature of the refrigerator main body delivery portion 21a is 7 ° C. When a heat pump (470 kW) is operated with a COP (coefficient of performance) 6 without supplying steam, the raw water is heated from 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. by the steam heat exchanger 4 alone, and the steam is supplied to the steam heat exchanger 4. It is estimated that the energy cost will be 80% or less as compared with the case of supplying with three small once-through boilers (equivalent evaporation 2000 kg / h, fuel LNG, steam pressure 0.7 MPa).
　また、図１のシステムは、原水をヒートポンプのみによって２０℃から２５℃に加温する場合に比べてエネルギーコストは９０％以下になると試算された。 The energy cost of the system in Fig. 1 was estimated to be 90% or less compared to the case where raw water is heated from 20 ° C to 25 ° C using only a heat pump.
　図３を参照して第３の実施の形態について説明する。 A third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
　図１では、ヒートポンプ１０の凝縮器１３の伝熱チューブ１３ａを通過して加熱された原水は、その全量が配管３から熱交換器４に送水されており、熱交換器４に対し熱源流体としてボイラから蒸気が供給されている。図３では、該配管３を配管５０，６０の２系統に分岐させている。 In FIG. 1, the entire amount of raw water heated by passing through the heat transfer tube 13 a of the condenser 13 of the heat pump 10 is sent from the pipe 3 to the heat exchanger 4, and is supplied to the heat exchanger 4 as a heat source fluid. Steam is supplied from the boiler. In FIG. 3, the pipe 3 is branched into two systems of pipes 50 and 60.
　配管５０に流れた加熱原水は、バルブ５１、給水タンク５２及び配管５３を介して熱交換器４に送水される。また、給水タンク５２には、ヒートポンプ１０で加熱しない原水（以下「非加熱原水」と記す場合あり）を給水タンク５２に供給するために、バルブ８５を備えた配管８６が接続されている。 加熱 The heated raw water flowing into the pipe 50 is sent to the heat exchanger 4 via the valve 51, the water supply tank 52, and the pipe 53. In addition, a pipe 86 provided with a valve 85 is connected to the water supply tank 52 in order to supply raw water not heated by the heat pump 10 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “unheated raw water”) to the water supply tank 52.
　配管６０に流れた加熱原水は、バルブ６１、第１軟水器６２及び配管６３を介して給水タンク６４に送水される。給水タンク６４には、第２軟水器６５を通過したボイラ用水も、配管６６を介して導入される。軟水器６２，６５は、容器と、該容器内に充填されたイオン交換樹脂とを有し、原水又はボイラ用水を軟水とする。ボイラ用水は原水と同一の水源からの水であってもよく、別の水源からの水であってもよい。 加熱 The heated raw water flowing into the pipe 60 is sent to the water supply tank 64 via the valve 61, the first water softener 62 and the pipe 63. The boiler water that has passed through the second water softener 65 is also introduced into the water supply tank 64 via the pipe 66. Each of the water softeners 62 and 65 has a container and an ion-exchange resin filled in the container, and uses raw water or boiler water as soft water. The boiler water may be water from the same water source as the raw water, or may be water from another water source.
　給水タンク６４内の水は、配管６７を介してボイラ７０に供給される。ボイラ７０で発生した蒸気が配管７１を介して熱交換器４に供給される。配管５３からの原水が該熱交換器４で加熱され、ＲＯ装置６に供給される。なお、熱交換器４で蒸気が凝縮することにより生じた凝縮水を給水タンク６４に送水してもよい。 水 The water in the water supply tank 64 is supplied to the boiler 70 via the pipe 67. The steam generated in the boiler 70 is supplied to the heat exchanger 4 via the pipe 71. Raw water from the pipe 53 is heated by the heat exchanger 4 and supplied to the RO device 6. The condensed water generated by the condensation of the steam in the heat exchanger 4 may be sent to the water supply tank 64.
　図３のその他の構成は図１と同一であり、同一符号は同一部分を示している。 3 The other configurations in FIG. 3 are the same as those in FIG. 1, and the same reference numerals denote the same parts.
　図３では、ヒートポンプ１０に連なる熱交換器２４及び冷凍機２０及び冷却塔４０の構成は図１の構成となっているが、図２のように構成されていてもよい。 In FIG. 3, the configurations of the heat exchanger 24, the refrigerator 20, and the cooling tower 40 connected to the heat pump 10 are as shown in FIG. 1, but may be as shown in FIG.
　この第３の実施の形態によると、１台のヒートポンプ１０によって、ＲＯ装置６への給水だけでなく、ボイラ７０への給水の一部も加熱することができる。 According to the third embodiment, not only the water supply to the RO device 6 but also a part of the water supply to the boiler 70 can be heated by one heat pump 10.
　また、バルブ５１およびバルブ６１により加熱原水の供給先を切替えたり、供給量を調整することができる。そして、バルブ５１およびバルブ６１を用いてヒートポンプ１０による加熱原水を優先的にＲＯ装置６に供給し、加熱原水の余剰分をボイラ７０への給水とすることで、ＲＯ装置６に供給される原水の加温用の蒸気を効果的に削減するとともに、ヒートポンプ１０で加熱した原水を有効に利用することが可能となる。 供給 Further, the supply destination of the heating raw water can be switched or the supply amount can be adjusted by the valve 51 and the valve 61. Then, the raw water supplied by the heat pump 10 is preferentially supplied to the RO device 6 using the valve 51 and the valve 61, and the surplus of the heated raw water is supplied to the boiler 70, whereby the raw water supplied to the RO device 6 is supplied. It is possible to effectively reduce the amount of steam for heating, and to effectively use the raw water heated by the heat pump 10.
　例えば、加熱原水がＲＯ装置６の給水の設定温度（例えば２５℃）未満の場合には、ＲＯ装置６の給水の全量を加熱原水とするようバルブ５１，バルブ６１を調整する。加熱原水の全量がＲＯ装置６の給水量を上回る場合には、加熱原水の余剰分が給水タンク６４に送水されボイラ給水として使用される。夏場などで、加熱原水がＲＯ装置６の給水の設定温度（例えば２５℃）を超える場合には、バルブ５１，バルブ６１、更にはバルブ８５を調整することで、ＲＯ装置６の給水が設定温度となるように給水タンク６４に供給される加熱原水と非加熱原水の供給量を調整するとともに、加熱原水の余剰分を給水タンク６４に送水する。このようにすることで、ヒートポンプで加熱した原水を一年間を通して、有効に利用することが可能となる。 For example, when the raw water to be heated is lower than the set temperature (for example, 25 ° C.) of the water supplied to the RO device 6, the valves 51 and 61 are adjusted so that the entire amount of the supplied water to the RO device 6 is used as the raw water to be heated. When the total amount of the heating raw water exceeds the amount of water supplied to the RO device 6, the surplus heating water is sent to the water supply tank 64 and used as boiler water. When the raw water to be heated exceeds the set temperature (for example, 25 ° C.) of the feed water of the RO device 6 in summer or the like, the valve 51, the valve 61, and the valve 85 are adjusted to adjust the feed water of the RO device 6 to the set temperature. In addition to adjusting the supply amounts of the heated raw water and the non-heated raw water supplied to the water supply tank 64 so as to satisfy the condition, the surplus amount of the heated raw water is supplied to the water supply tank 64. In this way, the raw water heated by the heat pump can be effectively used throughout the year.
　なお、非加熱原水の温度、或いは、季節によって、加熱原水の供給先を切り替えるようにしても良い。例えば、非加熱原水の温度が所定温度を超えた場合、或いは、夏場においては、ＲＯ装置６の給水の全量を非加熱原水とし、加熱原水は全てボイラ給水として利用するようにバルブ５１，６１および８５を調整してもよい。また、非加熱原水の温度が所定の温度以下の場合、或いは、夏場以外の季節においては、ＲＯ装置６の給水の全量を加熱原水として、加熱原水の余剰分をボイラ給水として利用するように、バルブ５１，６１および８５を調整してもよい。 Note that the supply destination of the heating raw water may be switched depending on the temperature of the non-heating raw water or the season. For example, when the temperature of the non-heated raw water exceeds a predetermined temperature, or in summer, the entire amount of the supply water of the RO device 6 is the non-heated raw water, and the valves 51, 61 and 85 may be adjusted. Further, when the temperature of the non-heated raw water is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, or in a season other than summer, the entire amount of the supply water of the RO device 6 is used as the raw water for heating, and the surplus of the raw water for heating is used as the boiler water supply. The valves 51, 61 and 85 may be adjusted.
　図４を参照して第４の実施の形態について説明する。 A fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
　図３のシステムでは、ヒートポンプ１０の凝縮器１３で加熱された原水をそのまま配管３へ送水しているが、図４のシステムでは、配管１からの原水を給水タンク８０に導入し、給水タンク８０内の原水をポンプ８１及び配管８２を介して凝縮器１３の伝熱チューブ１３ａに送水する。伝熱チューブ１３ａから流出した、加熱された原水は、配管８３を介して給水タンク８０に返送される。このようにして給水タンク８０内の原水の温度が高くなる。この給水タンク８０内の温度の高い原水がポンプ８４を介して配管３へ送水される。 In the system of FIG. 3, the raw water heated by the condenser 13 of the heat pump 10 is directly sent to the pipe 3, but in the system of FIG. 4, the raw water from the pipe 1 is introduced into the water supply tank 80, The internal raw water is sent to the heat transfer tube 13 a of the condenser 13 via the pump 81 and the pipe 82. The heated raw water flowing out of the heat transfer tube 13a is returned to the water supply tank 80 via the pipe 83. Thus, the temperature of the raw water in the water supply tank 80 increases. The high temperature raw water in the water supply tank 80 is sent to the pipe 3 via the pump 84.
　図４のその他の構成は図３と同一であり、同一符号は同一部分を示している。図４のシステムによっても、図３のシステムと同様の効果が得られる。なお、図４では、原水を給水タンク８０と凝縮器１３とを循環させるので、図３の場合よりも高い温度に加熱された原水を配管３へ送り出すことができる。 4 The other configurations in FIG. 4 are the same as those in FIG. 3, and the same reference numerals indicate the same parts. The same effects as those of the system of FIG. 3 can be obtained by the system of FIG. In FIG. 4, the raw water is circulated through the water supply tank 80 and the condenser 13, so that the raw water heated to a higher temperature than in the case of FIG.
　図４では、ヒートポンプ１０に連なる熱交換器２４、冷凍機２０及び冷却塔４０の構成は図１の構成となっているが、図２のように構成されていてもよい。 In FIG. 4, the configurations of the heat exchanger 24, the refrigerator 20, and the cooling tower 40 connected to the heat pump 10 are as shown in FIG. 1, but may be as shown in FIG.
　図３の装置を想定し、以下の条件で運転した場合の蒸気コストを試算した結果を表１に示す。 Table 1 shows the results of a trial calculation of the steam cost when the apparatus shown in Fig. 3 was operated under the following conditions.
＜運転条件＞
　ボイラ：貫流ボイラ、換算蒸発量６０００ｋｇ／ｈ×１０台、燃料ＬＮＧ、蒸気圧力０．７ＭＰａ
　ＲＯ装置：原水供給量１００ｍ３／ｈ
　ヒートポンプ：４７０ｋＷ、ＣＯＰ（成績係数）６
　ＲＯ給水の加温以外の蒸気使用量：２４０，０００ｔ／年
　ヒートポンプでの原水の平均加温温度：５℃
　ＬＮＧ単価：５０円／Ｎｍ３＝蒸気単価３９６３円／ｔ、５℃の熱回収で蒸気の燃料が０．８％（蒸気単価３９３１円）削減されると仮定。 <Operating conditions>
Boiler: once-through boiler, reduced evaporation 6000 kg / h × 10 units, fuel LNG, steam pressure 0.7 MPa
RO device: raw water supply amount 100m 3 / h
Heat pump: 470 kW, COP (coefficient of performance) 6
Steam consumption other than RO feed water heating: 240,000 t / year Average heating temperature of raw water by heat pump: 5 ° C
LNG unit price: 50 yen / Nm 3 = steam unit price 3963 yen / t, assuming that steam fuel is reduced by 0.8% (steam unit price 3931 yen) by heat recovery at 5 ° C.
［試験例１］
　ヒートポンプによる加熱原水の全量をボイラ給水として利用し、ＲＯ給水はボイラからの蒸気（１，２２８ｔ／年）で原水を２０℃から２５℃に加熱。 [Test Example 1]
The entire amount of raw water heated by the heat pump is used as boiler feed water, and RO feed water is heated from 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. by steam (1,228 t / year) from the boiler.
［試験例２］
　夏場以外の季節はヒートポンプによる加熱原水の全量をＲＯ給水として利用。夏場は原水が２５℃あるとして原水を加熱することなく利用。ボイラ給水は全量を加熱してない原水を使用した。 [Test Example 2]
In the seasons other than summer, the entire amount of raw water heated by the heat pump is used as RO water supply. In summer, raw water is used without heating, assuming that the temperature is 25 ° C. For boiler feed water, raw water was used without heating the whole amount.
［試験例３］
　夏場はヒートポンプによる加熱原水の全量をボイラ給水として利用し、それ以外の季節はヒートポンプによる加熱原水の全量をＲＯ給水として利用した。 [Test Example 3]
In summer, the entire amount of raw water heated by the heat pump was used as boiler feed water, and in other seasons, the entire amount of raw water heated by the heat pump was used as RO feed water.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　表１に示す通り、季節によってヒートポンプによる加熱原水の供給先を切り替えることで、ＲＯ装置に供給される原水の加温用の蒸気を効果的に削減するとともに、ヒートポンプで加熱した原水を有効に利用することで、蒸気コストを抑制することが可能となった。 As shown in Table 1, by switching the supply destination of heated raw water by the heat pump according to the season, the steam for heating the raw water supplied to the RO device is effectively reduced, and the raw water heated by the heat pump is used effectively. By doing so, it became possible to suppress the steam cost.
　図５を参照して第５の実施の形態について説明する。 (5) A fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
　この実施の形態は、図１のシステムにおいて、給水タンク８０、ポンプ８１、配管８２，８３、ポンプ８４を設置したものである。図４の場合と同じく、原水を伝熱チューブ１３ａと給水タンク８０との間を循環させて加熱する。加熱された原水がポンプ８４から配管３を介してＲＯ装置６のみへ送水される。 In this embodiment, the water supply tank 80, the pump 81, the pipes 82 and 83, and the pump 84 are installed in the system of FIG. As in the case of FIG. 4, the raw water is heated by circulating between the heat transfer tube 13a and the water supply tank 80. The heated raw water is sent from the pump 84 to only the RO device 6 via the pipe 3.
　この実施の形態によると、図１の場合よりも、高い温度に加熱された原水がＲＯ装置に送水される。 According to this embodiment, raw water heated to a higher temperature than in the case of FIG. 1 is sent to the RO device.
　上記実施の形態は本発明の一例であり、本発明は図示以外の形態とされてもよい。 The above embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention may be in a form other than that shown.
　例えば、図１，２，５では、蒸気式熱交換器４を用いているが、蒸気式熱交換器４の代わりに蒸気以外を熱源とする熱交換器を設置してもよい。 For example, in FIGS. 1, 2, and 5, the steam heat exchanger 4 is used, but a heat exchanger using heat other than steam as a heat source may be installed instead of the steam heat exchanger 4.
　本発明を特定の態様を用いて詳細に説明したが、本発明の意図と範囲を離れることなく様々な変更が可能であることは当業者に明らかである。 Although the present invention has been described in detail using specific embodiments, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
　本出願は、２０１８年７月６日付で出願された日本特許出願２０１８－１２９２５７に基づいており、その全体が引用により援用される。 This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-129257 filed on July 6, 2018, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
　４　蒸気式熱交換器
　６　ＲＯ装置
　１０　ヒートポンプ
　１１　蒸発器
　１２　圧縮機
　１３　凝縮器
　１４　膨張弁
　２０　冷凍システム
　２１　冷凍機本体
　２４　熱交換器
　４０　冷却塔
　５２，６４，８０　給水タンク
　７０　ボイラ Reference Signs List 4 steam heat exchanger 6 RO device 10 heat pump 11 evaporator 12 compressor 13 condenser 14 expansion valve 20 refrigeration system 21 refrigerator main body 24 heat exchanger 40 cooling tower 52, 64, 80 water supply tank 70 boiler

Claims (14)

  1. 　原水をヒートポンプで加熱した後、逆浸透膜装置で膜分離処理する逆浸透処理方法において、
    　該ヒートポンプの熱源流体として、冷凍システムの熱交換器から流出する温媒体を用いることを特徴とする逆浸透処理方法。     In a reverse osmosis treatment method in which raw water is heated by a heat pump and then subjected to a membrane separation treatment in a reverse osmosis membrane device,
    A reverse osmosis treatment method comprising using a heating medium flowing out of a heat exchanger of a refrigeration system as a heat source fluid of the heat pump.
  2. 　前記ヒートポンプで加熱された原水を、第２熱交換器で加熱した後、前記逆浸透装置に供給することを特徴とする請求項１の逆浸透処理方法。 The reverse osmosis treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the raw water heated by the heat pump is supplied to the reverse osmosis device after being heated by the second heat exchanger.
  3. 　前記第２熱交換器に、ボイラからの蒸気を原水加熱用熱源流体として供給することを特徴とする請求項２の逆浸透処理方法。 3. The reverse osmosis treatment method according to claim 2, wherein steam from the boiler is supplied to the second heat exchanger as a heat source fluid for heating raw water.
  4. 　前記ヒートポンプで加熱された原水の少なくとも一部をボイラ給水として前記ボイラに送水することを特徴とする請求項３の逆浸透処理方法。 The reverse osmosis treatment method according to claim 3, wherein at least a part of the raw water heated by the heat pump is supplied to the boiler as boiler feedwater.
  5. 　前記ヒートポンプの凝縮器の伝熱チューブとの間で水が循環される給水タンクを設置し、原水を該給水タンクに供給し、該伝熱チューブと給水タンクとの間で原水を循環させて加熱し、加熱された原水を該給水タンクから前記逆浸透装置に供給することを特徴とする請求項１～３のいずれか１項の逆浸透処理方法。 A water supply tank in which water is circulated between the heat transfer tube of the condenser of the heat pump is installed, raw water is supplied to the water supply tank, and the raw water is circulated and heated between the heat transfer tube and the water supply tank. 4. The reverse osmosis treatment method according to claim 1, wherein heated raw water is supplied from the water supply tank to the reverse osmosis device.
  6. 　前記ヒートポンプの凝縮器の伝熱チューブとの間で水が循環される給水タンクを設置し、原水を該給水タンクに供給し、該伝熱チューブと給水タンクとの間で原水を循環させて加熱し、加熱された原水の少なくとも一部をボイラ給水として前記ボイラに送水することを特徴とする請求項４の逆浸透処理方法。 A water supply tank in which water is circulated between the heat transfer tube of the condenser of the heat pump is installed, raw water is supplied to the water supply tank, and the raw water is circulated and heated between the heat transfer tube and the water supply tank. The reverse osmosis treatment method according to claim 4, wherein at least a part of the heated raw water is supplied to the boiler as boiler feedwater.
  7. 　前記冷凍システムは、冷凍機本体と、該冷凍機本体からの冷媒体が導入され、温媒体が流出する前記熱交換器とを備えており、
    　該熱交換器から流出する温媒体の一部を該冷凍機本体に戻し、残部を前記ヒートポンプの蒸発器に導入し、該蒸発器で降温した媒体を該熱交換器の冷媒体流入側に戻すことを特徴とする請求項１～６のいずれか１項の逆浸透処理方法。     The refrigeration system includes a refrigerator main body, the heat exchanger into which a refrigerant from the refrigerator main body is introduced, and a heating medium flows out,
    A part of the warm medium flowing out of the heat exchanger is returned to the refrigerator main body, and the remaining part is introduced into the evaporator of the heat pump, and the medium cooled by the evaporator is returned to the refrigerant inlet side of the heat exchanger. The reverse osmosis treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
  8. 　前記冷凍システムは、冷凍機本体と、該冷凍機本体からの冷媒体が導入され、温媒体が流出する前記熱交換器とを備えており、
    　該熱交換器から流出する温媒体の一部を該冷凍機本体に戻し、残部を前記ヒートポンプの蒸発器に導入し、該蒸発器で降温した媒体を該冷凍機本体に戻すことを特徴とする請求項１～６のいずれか１項の逆浸透処理方法。     The refrigeration system includes a refrigerator main body, the heat exchanger into which a refrigerant from the refrigerator main body is introduced, and a heating medium flows out,
    A part of the warm medium flowing out of the heat exchanger is returned to the refrigerator main body, the remaining part is introduced into an evaporator of the heat pump, and the medium cooled by the evaporator is returned to the refrigerator main body. The reverse osmosis treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
  9. 　原水をヒートポンプで加熱した後、逆浸透膜装置で膜分離処理する逆浸透処理システムにおいて、
    　該ヒートポンプの熱源流体として、冷凍システムの熱交換器から流出する温媒体を用いることを特徴とする逆浸透処理システム。     In a reverse osmosis treatment system where raw water is heated by a heat pump and then subjected to membrane separation by a reverse osmosis membrane device,
    A reverse osmosis treatment system, wherein a heating medium flowing out of a heat exchanger of a refrigeration system is used as a heat source fluid of the heat pump.
  10. 　前記ヒートポンプで加熱された原水を、さらに加熱して前記逆浸透装置に供給する第２熱交換器を有することを特徴とする請求項９の逆浸透処理システム。 10. The reverse osmosis treatment system according to claim 9, further comprising a second heat exchanger that further heats the raw water heated by the heat pump and supplies the raw water to the reverse osmosis device.
  11. 　前記第２熱交換器に、蒸気を原水加熱用熱源流体として供給するボイラを有することを特徴とする請求項１０の逆浸透処理システム。 11. The reverse osmosis treatment system according to claim 10, further comprising a boiler that supplies steam to the second heat exchanger as a heat source fluid for heating raw water.
  12. 　前記ヒートポンプで加熱された原水の少なくとも一部をボイラ給水として前記ボイラに送水する手段を有することを特徴とする請求項１１の逆浸透処理システム。 12. The reverse osmosis treatment system according to claim 11, further comprising means for feeding at least a part of the raw water heated by the heat pump to the boiler as boiler feed water.
  13. 　前記ヒートポンプの凝縮器の伝熱チューブとの間で水が循環される給水タンクを有し、原水を該給水タンクに供給し、該伝熱チューブと給水タンクとの間で原水を循環させて加熱し、加熱された原水を該給水タンクから前記逆浸透装置に供給することを特徴とする請求項９～１１のいずれか１項の逆浸透処理システム。 The water pump has a water supply tank through which water is circulated between a heat transfer tube of a condenser of the heat pump, supplies raw water to the water supply tank, and circulates the raw water between the heat transfer tube and the water supply tank to heat the raw water. The reverse osmosis treatment system according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein heated raw water is supplied from the water supply tank to the reverse osmosis device.
  14. 　前記ヒートポンプの凝縮器の伝熱チューブとの間で水が循環される給水タンクを設置し、原水を該給水タンクに供給し、該伝熱チューブと給水タンクとの間で原水を循環させて加熱し、加熱された原水の少なくとも一部をボイラ給水として前記ボイラに送水することを特徴とする請求項１２の逆浸透処理システム。 A water supply tank in which water is circulated between the heat transfer tube of the condenser of the heat pump is installed, raw water is supplied to the water supply tank, and the raw water is circulated and heated between the heat transfer tube and the water supply tank. The reverse osmosis treatment system according to claim 12, wherein at least a part of the heated raw water is supplied to the boiler as boiler feedwater.
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