WO2018078839A1 - 電動機駆動装置及び空気調和機 - Google Patents
電動機駆動装置及び空気調和機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018078839A1 WO2018078839A1 PCT/JP2016/082204 JP2016082204W WO2018078839A1 WO 2018078839 A1 WO2018078839 A1 WO 2018078839A1 JP 2016082204 W JP2016082204 W JP 2016082204W WO 2018078839 A1 WO2018078839 A1 WO 2018078839A1
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- relay
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
- H02P25/184—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays wherein the motor speed is changed by switching from a delta to a star, e.g. wye, connection of its windings, or vice versa
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
- F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
- F25B31/026—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of rotary type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/22—Auxiliary parts of casings not covered by groups H02K5/06-H02K5/20, e.g. shaped to form connection boxes or terminal boxes
- H02K5/225—Terminal boxes or connection arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for optimising the efficiency at low load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric motor drive device for driving an electric motor and an air conditioner including an electric motor drive device for driving an electric motor for a compressor.
- the cooling capacity and heating capacity of the air conditioner can be adjusted by the rotation speed of the compressor motor. For example, when starting the air conditioner, the motor is rotated at high speed to perform rapid cooling operation or rapid heating operation, and after the room temperature reaches the required temperature, the motor is rotated at low speed to perform energy saving operation. In general, since the energy saving operation time is long, it is desirable to use a highly efficient electric motor at low speed rotation in order to reduce annual power consumption. In order to increase the maximum capacity of cooling and heating, it is desirable to use an electric motor that can rotate at high speed.
- a permanent magnet type motor having a permanent magnet in a rotor is widely used for high efficiency, and a motor driving device having an inverter is widely used as a device for driving the motor. is doing.
- the permanent magnet type motor if the number of stator windings is increased, the permanent magnet type motor can be operated with a small current, the inverter loss associated with the current is reduced, and a highly efficient operation is possible.
- the induced voltage increases, so the motor voltage governed by the induced voltage reaches the maximum output voltage of the inverter at a low rotational speed and operates at a rotational speed higher than that. I can't.
- a permanent magnet type electric motor that can be operated at a high speed and a permanent magnet type electric motor that can be operated at a high speed and a low efficiency are low.
- an electric motor drive device including a connection switching unit that switches a stator winding of an electric motor that receives a drive voltage supplied from an inverter to a star connection and a delta connection has been proposed (for example, , See Patent Document 1).
- JP 2006-246694 A (Claim 1, paragraphs 0016 to 0020, 0047 to 0048, FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 7)
- the electric motor drive device described in Patent Document 1 does not take into consideration the power consumption required to maintain the state of the mechanical switch of the connection switching unit, and is particularly efficient at low speed rotation with a long operation time. In some cases, it was insufficient.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor drive device that can drive an electric motor at a high speed rotation and can drive an electric motor at a low speed rotation with high efficiency, and air that can achieve both high cooling / heating capability and an operation with high energy saving effect. It is to provide a harmony machine.
- An electric motor driving apparatus is an electric motor driving apparatus that drives an electric motor having a stator winding, and is based on energization or non-energization of an excitation current and a mechanical switch connected to the stator winding.
- An excitation coil that opens and closes the mechanical switch, and the connection state of the stator winding is different from the first connection state and the second connection state by opening and closing the mechanical switch. It comprises a connection switching section that switches to either one and an inverter that supplies an AC drive voltage to the stator winding.
- An air conditioner is an air conditioner including an electric motor having a stator winding, a compressor driven by the electric motor, and an electric motor driving device that drives the electric motor,
- the motor driving device includes a mechanical switch connected to the stator winding and an excitation coil that opens and closes the mechanical switch by energizing or de-energizing an exciting current, and the fixing is performed by opening and closing the mechanical switch.
- a connection switching unit that switches the connection state of the child winding to either the first connection state or the second connection state different from the first connection state; an inverter that supplies an AC drive voltage to the stator winding; It comprises.
- the electric motor drive device of the present invention since the connection state of the stator winding can be appropriately switched by opening and closing the mechanical switch, the electric motor can be driven at a high speed rotation, and the electric motor can be driven at a low speed rotation. It can be driven with high efficiency.
- the electric motor driving device of the present invention it is possible to reduce the power consumed by appropriately controlling the energization of the exciting coil that opens and closes the mechanical switch, and the energy saving performance can be improved.
- the air conditioner of the present invention has the above-described electric motor drive device, it is possible to achieve both high air-conditioning / heating capacity by high-speed rotation of the compressor motor and energy-saving operation of the compressor motor.
- FIG. (A) and (B) is a figure which shows a star connection and a delta connection. It is sectional drawing which shows schematically the internal structure of the electric motor shown by FIG.1 and FIG.2.
- (A) to (C) are diagrams showing a U-phase winding connected in series, a V-phase winding connected in series, and a W-phase winding connected in series.
- FIG.1 and FIG.2 are diagrams showing a U-phase winding connected in parallel, a V-phase winding connected in parallel, and a W-phase winding connected in parallel.
- FIG.1 and FIG.2 is a figure which shows the relay of the connection switching part in the electric motor drive device shown by FIG.1 and FIG.2. It is a figure which shows the example of the opening / closing state of the relay in the connection switching part shown by FIG.1 and FIG.2 in a table format. It is a figure which shows schematically the structure (in the case of star connection) of the electric motor drive device which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows schematically the structure (in the case of a delta connection) of the electric motor drive device which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. (A) And (B) is a figure which shows the relay of the connection switching part in the electric motor drive device shown by FIG. (A) And (B) is a figure which shows the relay of the connection switching part in the electric motor drive device shown by FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the opening / closing state of the relay in the connection switching part shown by FIG.9 and FIG.10 with a table format. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the rotation speed of an electric motor in case a connection state is a star connection and a delta connection, and the efficiency of an electric motor. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the air conditioner which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. 6 is a block diagram showing a control system of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the air conditioner according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration (in the case of star connection) of an electric motor drive device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the electric motor drive device according to the first embodiment (in the case of delta connection).
- 3A and 3B are diagrams showing a star connection (Y connection) and a delta connection ( ⁇ connection).
- the electric motor drive device is connected to a converter 102 that converts an AC voltage supplied from an AC power source into a DC voltage, and has three phases, that is, U
- U This is a device for driving an electric motor 2 having phase, V phase, and W phase stator windings.
- the electric motor drive device includes an open winding (first open winding) U, an open winding (second open winding) V, and an open winding that are direct current voltages. (Third open winding)
- the inverter 1 that converts the AC drive voltage to be supplied to the W, the open winding U, the open winding V, and the open winding W are connected in the first connection state and the first connection state.
- a connection switching unit 3 for switching to one of the second connection states different from the one connection state, and a control unit 6 for controlling the inverter 1 and the connection switching unit 3 are provided.
- the electric motor drive device may include a converter 102.
- the first connection state is a star connection state in which neutral points are connected to each other by the connection switching unit 3 (FIG. 3A), and the second connection state is a delta connection state. State (FIG. 3B).
- the number of phases of the stator winding of the electric motor 2 is not limited to three phases, and may be two phases or four or more phases.
- the open winding U includes a winding terminal (first winding terminal) 2u_1 connected to the U-phase output terminal of the inverter 1 and a winding terminal (second winding terminal) connected to the connection switching unit 3. ) 2u_2.
- the open winding V includes a winding terminal (third winding terminal) 2v_1 connected to the V-phase output terminal of the inverter 1 and a winding terminal (fourth winding terminal) connected to the connection switching unit 3. ) 2v_2.
- the open winding W includes a winding terminal (fifth winding terminal) 2w_1 connected to the W-phase output terminal of the inverter 1 and a winding terminal (sixth winding terminal) connected to the connection switching unit 3. ) 2w_2.
- the inverter 1 includes a MOS transistor (MOSFET: Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-) that is a switch connected in series between power supply lines 18 and 19 to which a DC voltage is supplied.
- MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-
- Transistors 15a and 16a and a capacitor 17 connected between power supply lines 18 and 19 are included.
- the power supply lines 18 and 19 are buses to which a DC voltage output from the converter 102 that converts an AC voltage into a DC voltage is supplied.
- the U-phase output terminal of the inverter 1 is connected to a node between the MOS transistors 11a and 12a, and the V-phase output terminal of the inverter 1 is connected to a node between the MOS transistors 13a and 14a.
- the output terminal of the phase is connected to a node between the MOS transistors 15a and 16a.
- the MOS transistors 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a, 15a, 16a are turned on (conducted between the source and drain) or turned off according to the inverter drive signal output from the control unit 6, that is, the gate control signal of the MOS transistor. (Non-conduction between source and drain).
- the inverter 1 has parasitic diodes 11b, 12b, 13b, 14b, 15b and 16b as diodes connected in parallel to the MOS transistors 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a, 15a and 16a, respectively.
- the configuration of the inverter 1 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- connection switching unit 3 is a mechanical switch (for example, a selection switch shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B described later), that is, a relay (first relay). 31, a relay (second relay) 32, and a relay (third relay) 33.
- the number of relays in the connection switching unit 3 is equal to or greater than the number of open winding phases of the stator winding.
- the relay 31 includes a first terminal (contact) 31 a connected to the V-phase output terminal of the inverter 1, a fifth terminal (contact) 32 b of a relay 32 described later, and an eighth terminal (contact) of the relay 33.
- the second terminal (contact point) 31b connected to 33b and the winding terminal 2u_2 of the open winding U are electrically connected to either the first terminal 31a or the second terminal 31b through the switch movable portion 31e.
- a third terminal 31c connected to each other.
- the relay 32 has a fourth terminal (contact) 32 a connected to the W-phase output terminal of the inverter 1, a second terminal 31 b of the relay 31, and a fifth terminal connected to the eighth terminal 33 b of the relay 33.
- Terminal 32c Terminal 32c.
- the relay 33 includes a seventh terminal (contact) 33 a connected to the U-phase output terminal of the inverter 1, an eighth terminal connected to the second terminal 31 b of the relay 31, and a fifth terminal 32 b of the relay 32.
- a ninth terminal connected to the terminal (contact) 33b and the winding terminal 2w_2 of the open winding W and electrically connected to either the seventh terminal 33a or the eighth terminal 33b through the switch movable portion 33e. 33c.
- connection switching unit 3 is based on a connection switching signal output from the control unit 6 (for example, an excitation switch control signal for switching excitation and non-excitation of excitation coils shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B described later).
- a connection switching signal output from the control unit 6 for example, an excitation switch control signal for switching excitation and non-excitation of excitation coils shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B described later.
- connection switching signal is, for example, a control signal for instructing on or off of an excitation switch for switching excitation (energization) and non-excitation (non-energization) of an excitation coil shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B described later. It is.
- the connection switching signal is, for example, a control signal for an excitation switch that switches excitation and non-excitation of the excitation coil shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B described later.
- the connection switching unit 3 connects the second terminal 31b and the third terminal 31c through the switch movable unit 31e in the relay 31, and the fifth terminal 32b and the sixth terminal 32c through the switch movable unit 32e in the relay 32. Are connected to each other, and the eighth terminal 33b and the ninth terminal 33c are connected to each other through the switch movable portion 33e in the relay 33, so that the connection state of the stator winding of the electric motor 2 is Switch to the star connection (FIG. 3A), which is the first connection state in which the sex points are connected to each other.
- connection switching unit 3 connects the first terminal 31a and the third terminal 31c through the switch movable unit 31e in the relay 31, and the fourth terminal 32a and the sixth terminal through the switch movable unit 32e in the relay 32.
- the connection state is the delta connection which is the second connection state (FIG. 3 ( B)).
- the control unit 6 selects the star connection by de-energizing the excitation coils of the relays 31 to 33, and the operation mode in which the ratio is low. Then, it is desirable from the viewpoint of reducing power consumption to select the delta connection by exciting the exciting coils of the relays 31 to 33.
- the relays 31, 32, and 33 are described as different and independent structures. However, the relays 31, 32, and 33 operate the three switch movable portions 31e, 32e, and 33e at the same time. One relay may be used.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the internal structure of the electric motor 2 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the electric motor 2 is a permanent magnet type electric motor in which a permanent magnet 26 is embedded in a rotor 25.
- the electric motor 2 includes a stator 21 and a rotor 25 that is disposed in a space on the center side of the stator 21 and is rotatably supported around a shaft.
- An air gap is secured between the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 25 and the inner peripheral surface of the stator 21.
- the air gap between the stator 21 and the rotor 25 is a gap of about 0.3 mm to 1 mm.
- the rotor 25 is rotated by energizing the stator winding with a current having a frequency synchronized with the command rotational speed using the inverter 1 to generate a rotating magnetic field.
- the windings U1 to U3, the windings V1 to V3, and the windings W1 to W3 are wound around the teeth portion 22 of the stator 21 in an concentrated manner through an insulating material.
- the windings U1 to U3 correspond to the open winding U in FIG. 1
- the windings V1 to V3 correspond to the open winding V in FIG. 1
- the windings W1 to W3 correspond to the open winding W in FIG. It corresponds to.
- the stator 21 shown in FIG. 4 includes a plurality of divided cores, and a plurality of divided cores arranged in an annular shape by opening adjacent tooth portions 22 around a rotating shaft 23 that connects adjacent divided cores.
- a state where the plurality of divided cores are closed can be changed to a plurality of divided cores arranged in a straight line (a state where the plurality of divided cores are opened).
- the winding process can be performed in a state where the plurality of divided cores are arranged in a straight line and the plurality of teeth portions 22 are spaced apart from each other, simplifying the winding process and improving the winding quality (for example, Improvement of space factor).
- a slit 27 is disposed in the outer peripheral core portion of the permanent magnet 26.
- the slit 27 has a function of weakening the influence of the armature reaction generated by the current of the stator winding and reducing the superposition of harmonics on the magnetic flux distribution.
- gas vent holes 24 and 28 are provided in the iron core of the stator 21 and the iron core of the rotor 25. The gas vent holes 24 and 28 serve as a cooling action for the electric motor 2, a refrigerant gas passage, or an oil return passage.
- the electric motor 2 shown in FIG. 4 has a concentrated winding structure in which the ratio of the number of magnetic poles to the number of slots is 2: 3.
- the electric motor 2 includes a rotor having a six-pole permanent magnet and a stator 21 having nine slots (9 teeth portions). That is, since the electric motor 2 is a six-pole electric motor having six permanent magnets 26, a structure having windings in three teeth portions (three slots) per phase is adopted. In the case of a four-pole motor, the number of teeth (slots) is six, and it is desirable to employ a structure in which two teeth are wound per phase. In the case of an 8-pole electric motor, the number of teeth portions is 12, and it is desirable to employ a structure having windings in four teeth portions per phase.
- a circulating current flows in the winding of the electric motor 2 and the performance of the electric motor 2 may be reduced.
- the circulating current flows due to the third harmonic of the induced voltage of the winding of each phase, and in the case of concentrated winding in which the ratio of the number of magnetic poles to the number of slots is 2: 3, the winding and the permanent magnet If there is no influence of magnetic saturation or the like, the third harmonic is not generated in the induced voltage.
- the ratio of the number of magnetic poles to the number of slots is configured by concentrated winding of 2: 3.
- the number of magnetic poles, the number of slots, and the winding method are appropriately determined according to the required motor size, characteristics (rotation speed, torque, etc.), voltage specifications, slot cross-sectional area You can choose. Further, the structure of the electric motor to which the present invention is applicable is not limited to that shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C show examples of the windings shown in FIG. 3, and windings U1, U2, U3 connected in series and windings V1, V2, connected in series. V3 and windings W1, W2, W3 connected in series are shown.
- FIGS. 6A to 6C show another example of the winding shown in FIG. 3, and windings U1, U2, and U3 connected in parallel and windings V1, V1 connected in parallel are shown. V2, V3 and windings W1, W2, W3 connected in parallel are shown.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing the relays 31, 32, and 33 of the connection switching unit 3 in the electric motor driving device shown in FIGS. Since the relays 31, 32, and 33 have the same configuration and perform the same operation, the configuration of the relay 31 will be described in detail, and the description of the configuration and operation of the relays 32 and 33 will be partially omitted.
- an excitation unit including a power supply 50, an excitation coil 51a, and an excitation switch 51b is provided.
- the excitation unit enters a non-excitation state in which an excitation current does not flow through the excitation coil 51a by opening (turning off) the excitation switch 51b, and excitation from the power supply 50 to the excitation coil 51a by closing (on) the excitation switch 51b.
- An electric current flows, and an excitation state is generated in which excitation is generated in the excitation coil 51a.
- the exciting coil 51a is disposed at a position adjacent to the first terminal 31a of the relay 31, and the second terminal 31b is disposed at a position farther from the first terminal 31a.
- the relay 31 includes a first terminal 31a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1, a second terminal 31b, and a third terminal 31c connected to the winding terminal 2u_2 of the open winding U, as well as a switch It has a movable part 31e.
- the switch movable portion 31e has one end (first end) connected to the third terminal 31c and the other end (second end) of the first terminal 31a and the second terminal 31b depending on the state of the excitation switch. Electrically connected to either.
- the relay 31 is in a non-excited state where the exciting switch 51b is opened (off) and no exciting current is passed through the exciting coil 51a.
- the second terminal 31b and the third terminal 31c are electrically connected to the terminal 31b.
- the relay 31 closes (turns on) the excitation switch 51b and supplies the excitation current from the power source 50 to the excitation coil 51a. Is attracted by the excitation generated by the excitation coil 51a, and the other end of the switch movable part 31e approaches the first terminal 31a from the second terminal 31b, and is connected to the first terminal 31a and connected to the first terminal 31a by the first switch movable part 31e.
- the terminal 31a and the third terminal 31c are electrically connected.
- the relay 32 is connected to the fourth terminal 32a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1, the fifth terminal 32b connected to the second terminal 31b, and the winding terminal 2v_2 of the open winding V. It has the 6th terminal 32c electrically connected to either the 4th terminal 32a and the 5th terminal 32b by the movable part 32e.
- the relay 32 is connected to the fifth terminal 32b by the switch movable portion 32e in a non-excitation state in which the excitation switch 52b is opened (off) and no excitation current flows through the excitation coil 52a.
- the sixth terminal 32c is electrically connected.
- the relay 32 is operated by the switch movable portion 32e in the excitation state in which the excitation switch 52b is closed (on) and the excitation current is supplied from the power source 50 to the excitation coil 52a.
- the terminal 32a and the sixth terminal 32c are electrically connected.
- the relay 33 is connected to the seventh terminal 33a connected to the inverter 1, the eighth terminal 33b connected to the second terminal 31b and the fifth terminal 32b, and the winding terminal 2w_2 of the open winding W. And a ninth terminal 33c electrically connected to either the seventh terminal 33a or the eighth terminal 33b by the switch movable portion 33e.
- the relay 33 in the non-excitation state where the excitation switch 53b is opened (off) and no excitation current flows through the excitation coil 53a, the relay 33 is connected to the eighth terminal 33b by the switch movable portion 33e.
- the ninth terminal 33c is electrically connected.
- the relay 33 closes (turns on) the excitation switch 53b, and in the excitation state in which the excitation current is supplied from the power source 50 to the excitation coil 53a, the relay movable unit 33e performs the seventh operation.
- the terminal 33a and the ninth terminal 33c are electrically connected.
- FIG. 8 is a table showing an example of an open state and a closed state between the terminals of the mechanical switches in the relays 31, 32, and 33 shown in FIGS. 7 (A) and 7 (B).
- the relays 31, 32, and 33 have the same configuration, and the excitation switches 51 b, 52 b, and 53 b are similarly operated based on the connection switching signal output from the control unit 6, and the relays 31, 32, and 33 are connected.
- the switch movable parts 31e, 32e, 33e are operated in the same manner.
- the connection switching unit 3 opens (turns off) the excitation switches 51b, 52b, and 53b and passes the excitation current through the excitation coils 51a, 52a, and 53a.
- the switch movable part 31e closes (connects) the second terminal 31b and the third terminal 31c, and the switch movable part 32e connects the fifth terminal 32b and the sixth terminal 32c.
- the connection state of the stator winding is the first connection. It can be switched to the star connection which is the state.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the second terminal 31b and the third terminal 31c through the switch movable portion 31e that connects the second terminal 31b and the third terminal 31c.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the fifth terminal 32b and the sixth terminal 32c through the switch movable part 32e that connects the fifth terminal 32b and the sixth terminal 32c.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the eighth terminal 33b and the ninth terminal 33c through the switch movable portion 33e that connects the eighth terminal 33b and the ninth terminal 33c.
- the connection switching unit 3 closes (turns on) the excitation switches 51b, 52b, and 53b and causes the excitation coils 51a, 52a, and 53a to flow.
- the first terminal 31a and the third terminal 31c are closed (connected) by the switch movable part 31e
- the fourth terminal 32a and the sixth terminal 32c are closed by the switch movable part 32e.
- the connection state of the stator winding is changed to the second state. It is possible to switch to a delta connection which is a connection state.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the first terminal 31a and the third terminal 31c through the switch movable portion 31e that connects the first terminal 31a and the third terminal 31c.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the fourth terminal 32a and the sixth terminal 32c through the switch movable part 32e that connects the fourth terminal 32a and the sixth terminal 32c.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the seventh terminal 33a and the ninth terminal 33c through the switch movable portion 33e that connects the seventh terminal 33a and the ninth terminal 33c.
- connection timing switching timing will be described in a third embodiment to be described later.
- the states of the switch movable portions 31e, 32e, and 33e of the relays 31, 32, and 33 that are mechanical switches included in the connection switching portion 3 are changed.
- the connection state of the stator winding can be appropriately switched by switching the excitation coils 51a, 52a, 53a by excitation or non-excitation. For this reason, the electric motor 2 can be driven at high speed rotation by the delta connection, and the electric motor 2 can be driven at high efficiency by low speed rotation by the star connection.
- the excitation coils 51a, 52a, 53a are in a non-excitation state in the star connection with high efficiency at low speed rotation. . Therefore, when the electric motor drive device according to the first embodiment is used to drive the electric motor for the compressor of the air conditioner, the excitation coils 51a, 52a, 53a are excited during low-speed rotation that is assumed to have a long operation time. Is unnecessary, and power consumption can be reduced.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration (in the case of star connection) of the electric motor drive device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration (in the case of delta connection) of the electric motor drive device according to the second embodiment.
- 9, components that are the same as or correspond to the components shown in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG.
- the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 1 are given to the same or corresponding elements as those shown in FIG.
- the motor drive device according to the second embodiment is different from the motor drive device according to the first embodiment in the configuration of the connection switching unit 4 and the connection switching signal output from the control unit 7. Except for these points, the electric motor drive device according to the second embodiment is the same as the electric motor drive device according to the first embodiment. Therefore, in the second embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.
- the electric motor driving device is a device for driving the electric motor 2 having a three-phase stator winding.
- the electric motor drive device according to Embodiment 2 is different from the first connection state and the first connection state in the connection state of the inverter 1 and the open winding U, the open winding V, and the open winding W.
- a connection switching unit 4 that switches to one of the connection states and a control unit 7 that controls the inverter 1 and the connection switching unit 4 are provided.
- the first connection state is a star connection state in which neutral points are connected to each other by the connection switching unit 4, and the second connection state is a delta connection state.
- connection switching unit 4 is a mechanical switch (for example, an open / close switch shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B and FIGS. 12A and 12B described later). That is, a relay (first relay) 41, a relay (second relay) 42, a relay (third relay) 43, a relay (fourth relay) 44, and a relay (fifth relay). 45 and a relay (sixth relay) 46.
- a relay (first relay) 41 for example, a relay (second relay) 42, a relay (third relay) 43, a relay (fourth relay) 44, and a relay (fifth relay). 45 and a relay (sixth relay) 46.
- the relay 41 includes a first terminal 41a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1, a second terminal 41b connected to the winding terminal 2u_2 of the open winding U, a first terminal 41a, and a second terminal.
- the switch movable part 41e which can connect 41b is provided.
- the relay 42 is a switch that can connect the third terminal 42a, the fourth terminal 42b connected to the winding terminal 2u_2 of the open winding U, and the third terminal 42a and the fourth terminal 42b. And a movable portion 42e.
- the relay 43 includes a fifth terminal 43a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1, a sixth terminal 43b connected to the winding terminal 2v_2 of the open winding V, a fifth terminal 43a, and a sixth terminal. 43b, and a switch movable portion 43e that can be connected to 43b.
- the relay 44 includes a seventh terminal 44a connected to the third terminal 42a, an eighth terminal 44b connected to the winding terminal 2v_2 of the open winding V, a seventh terminal 44a, and an eighth terminal.
- the switch movable part 44e which can connect 44b is provided.
- the relay 45 includes a ninth terminal 45a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1, a tenth terminal 45b connected to the winding terminal 2w_2 of the open winding W, a ninth terminal 45a, and a tenth terminal.
- the switch movable part 45e which can connect 45b is provided.
- the relay 46 includes an eleventh terminal 46a connected to the third terminal 42a and the seventh terminal 44a, a twelfth terminal 46b connected to the winding terminal 2w_2 of the open winding W, and an eleventh terminal. 46a and a twelfth terminal 46b.
- the movable switch portion 46e can be connected to the twelfth terminal 46b.
- connection switching unit 4 opens the first terminal 41a and the second terminal 41b and opens the fifth terminal 43a and the sixth terminal 43b.
- the ninth terminal 45a and the tenth terminal 45b are opened, the third terminal 42a and the fourth terminal 42b are closed by the switch movable portion 42e, and the seventh terminal 44a And the eighth terminal 44b are closed by the switch movable portion 44e, and the space between the eleventh terminal 46a and the twelfth terminal 46b is closed by the switch movable portion 46e.
- connection switching unit 4 closes the space between the first terminal 41a and the second terminal 41b by the switch movable unit 41e, and the fifth terminal 43a and the sixth terminal.
- 43b is closed by the switch movable portion 43e
- the ninth terminal 45a and the tenth terminal 45b are closed by the switch movable portion 45e
- the third terminal 42a and the fourth terminal 42b Between the seventh terminal 44a and the eighth terminal 44b and an open state between the eleventh terminal 46a and the twelfth terminal 46b.
- the connection state of the winding can be switched to the delta connection (FIG. 3B) which is the second connection state.
- relays 41 to 46 show the six relays 41 to 46 as different and independent configurations, the relays 41 to 46 operate the three switch movable parts 41e, 43e, and 45e at the same time.
- the relays may be relays that simultaneously operate the three switch movable parts 42e, 44e, and 46e, and the number of relays may be other than six.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams showing relays 41 to 46 of the connection switching unit 4 in the electric motor driving device shown in FIG. 12A and 12B are diagrams showing relays 41 to 46 of connection switching unit 4 in the electric motor drive device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a table showing an example of an open state and a closed state between terminals in the relays 41 to 46 shown in FIGS. 11 (A) and 11 (B) and FIGS. 12 (A) and 12 (B).
- the relays 41, 43, 45 have the same configuration, and the excitation switches 61 b, 63 b, 65 b are similarly operated based on the connection switching signal output from the control unit 7, so that the relays 41, 43, 45
- the switch movable parts 41e, 43e, 45e are operated in the same manner.
- the relays 42, 44, 46 have the same configuration, and the excitation switches 62 b, 64 b, 66 b are similarly operated based on the connection switching signal output from the control unit 7, and the relays 42, 44, 46 switch movable parts 42e, 44e, 46 are operated similarly.
- the relay 41 includes a first terminal 41a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1 and a first terminal connected to the winding terminal 2u_2 of the open winding U.
- the terminal 41b is opened (disconnected state), and when the exciting coil 61a is in the excited state, the switch movable unit 41e is closed (connected state). be able to.
- the relay 42 is connected to the third terminal 42a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1 and the winding terminal 2u_2 of the open winding U. 4 is closed (connected) by the switch movable portion 42e when the exciting coil 62a is in a non-excited state, and is opened (not connected) when the exciting coil 62a is in an excited state. be able to.
- the relay 43 includes a fifth terminal 43a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1 and a first terminal connected to the winding terminal 2v_2 of the open winding V. 6 is opened (disconnected state) when the exciting coil 63a is in a non-excited state, and is closed (connected state) by the switch movable portion 43e when the exciting coil 63a is in an excited state. be able to.
- the relay 44 is connected to the seventh terminal 44a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1 and the winding terminal 2v_2 of the open winding V. 8 terminal 44b is closed (connected) by the switch movable portion 44e when the exciting coil 64a is in a non-excited state, and is opened (not connected) when the exciting coil 64a is in an excited state. be able to.
- the relay 45 is connected to the ninth terminal 45a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1 and the winding terminal 2w_2 of the open winding W.
- the exciting coil 65a is in the non-excited state
- the terminal 10b is opened (disconnected state), and when the exciting coil 65a is in the excited state, it is closed (connected state) by the switch movable portion 45e. be able to.
- the relay 46 is connected to the eleventh terminal 46a connected to the output terminal of the inverter 1 and the winding terminal 2w_2 of the open winding W.
- the switch movable portion 46e is closed (connected) when the exciting coil 66a is in a non-excited state, and is opened (not connected) when the exciting coil 66a is in an excited state. be able to.
- the connection switching unit 4 has exciting coils 61a, 62a in which the excitation switches 61b, 62b, 63b, 64b, 65b are opened (off). 63a, 64a, 65a, 66a in the non-excited state, the switch movable part 42e closes (connects) the third terminal 42a and the fourth terminal 42b, and the switch movable part 44e The terminal 44a and the eighth terminal 44b are closed (connected), and the eleventh terminal 46a and the twelfth terminal 46b are closed (connected) by the switch movable portion 46e.
- the connection state of the stator winding can be switched to the star connection which is the first connection state.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the third terminal 42a and the fourth terminal 42b through the switch movable portion 42e that connects the third terminal 42a and the fourth terminal 42b.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the seventh terminal 44a and the eighth terminal 44b through the switch movable portion 44e that connects the seventh terminal 44a and the eighth terminal 44b.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the eleventh terminal 46a and the twelfth terminal 46b through the switch movable portion 46e connecting the eleventh terminal 46a and the twelfth terminal 46b.
- the connection switching unit 4 includes excitation coils 61a, 62a in which the excitation switches 61b, 62b, 63b, 64b, 65b are closed (on). 63a, 64a, 65a, and 66a, the switch movable portion 41e closes (connects) the first terminal 41a and the second terminal 41b, and the switch movable portion 43e The terminal 43a and the sixth terminal 43b are closed (connected), and the switch movable unit 45e is used to close (connect) the ninth terminal 45a and the tenth terminal 45b.
- the connection state of the stator winding can be switched to the delta connection which is the second connection state.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the first terminal 41a and the second terminal 41b through the switch movable portion 41e that connects the first terminal 41a and the second terminal 41b.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the fifth terminal 43a and the sixth terminal 43b through the switch movable portion 43e that connects the fifth terminal 43a and the sixth terminal 43b.
- the current supplied from the inverter 1 flows between the ninth terminal 45a and the tenth terminal 45b through the switch movable part 45e connecting the ninth terminal 45a and the tenth terminal 45b.
- the switching time of the mechanical switch of the connection switching unit 4 is usually several hundreds of milliseconds, for example, the operation of the electric motor 2 is stopped in order to switch the connection state (in the case of an air conditioner, it is driven by the electric motor). The operation of the compressor is stopped), and the connection state switching operation is performed within this stop period.
- the switch movable parts 41e, 42e, 43e, 44e, 45e, and the relays 41 to 46 which are mechanical switches included in the connection switching part 4, are provided.
- the state of 46e can be switched by exciting or non-exciting the exciting coils 61a, 62a, 63a, 64a, 65a, 66a, and the connection state of the stator windings can be switched appropriately.
- the electric motor 2 can be driven at high speed rotation by delta connection, and the electric motor 2 can be driven at high efficiency by low speed rotation by star connection.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the rotational speed of the electric motor 2 and the efficiency of the electric motor 2 when the connection state is a star connection and a delta connection.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 14 shows the rotational speed of the electric motor 2
- the vertical axis of FIG. 14 shows the efficiency of the electric motor 2 (ratio of mechanical output to input power).
- the efficiency of the electric motor 2 when the connection state is the star connection is good in a low speed (light load) region where the rotational speed of the electric motor 2 is small, but a high speed where the rotational speed of the electric motor 2 is large ( It decreases in the overload area.
- the efficiency of the electric motor 2 when the connection state is the delta connection is inferior to that of the star connection in the low speed (light load) region, but is improved in the high speed (overload) region. Therefore, the star connection is more efficient in the low speed (light load) region, but the delta connection is more efficient in the high speed (overload) region. Therefore, it is desirable to switch to an efficient connection state at the switching point shown in FIG.
- the excitation coils 61a, 62a, 63a, 64a, 65a and 66a are in a non-excited state. Therefore, when the electric motor drive device according to the second embodiment is used for driving an electric motor for a compressor of an air conditioner, the excitation coils 61a, 62a, 63a, and 64a are operated at a low speed when the operation time is assumed to be long. , 65a, 66a are not required to be excited, and power consumption can be reduced.
- the number of wires connected to one relay is two, the number of wires connected to one relay is three. Compared to the case, the wiring (attachment process) in the circuit board having a limited area is easy, and the circuit board can be reduced.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the air conditioner 105 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the air conditioner 105 includes an indoor unit 105A installed indoors (within the space for air conditioning) and an outdoor unit 105B installed outdoors.
- the indoor unit 105A and the outdoor unit 105B are connected by a pipe 140 through which the refrigerant flows.
- the outdoor unit 105B includes a compressor 141 that compresses and discharges the refrigerant, a four-way valve (refrigerant flow switching valve) 142 that switches the flow direction of the refrigerant, and an outdoor heat exchanger 143 that performs heat exchange between the outside air and the refrigerant. And an expansion valve (decompression device) 144 that depressurizes the high-pressure refrigerant to a low pressure.
- the compressor 141 is composed of, for example, a rotary compressor.
- the indoor unit 105A includes an indoor heat exchanger 145 that performs heat exchange between room air and refrigerant.
- the compressor 141, the four-way valve 142, the outdoor heat exchanger 143, the expansion valve 144, and the indoor heat exchanger 145 are connected by a pipe 140 to constitute a refrigerant circuit. These constitute a compression refrigeration cycle (compression heat pump cycle) in which the refrigerant is circulated by the compressor 141.
- compression refrigeration cycle compression heat pump cycle
- an indoor control device 150a is disposed in the indoor unit 105A, and an outdoor control device 150b is disposed in the outdoor unit 105B.
- Each of the indoor control device 150a and the outdoor control device 150b has a control board on which various circuits for controlling the air conditioner 105 are formed.
- the indoor control device 150a and the outdoor control device 150b are connected to each other by a communication cable 150c.
- an outdoor blower fan 146 that is a blower is disposed so as to face the outdoor heat exchanger 143.
- the outdoor blower fan 146 generates an air flow that passes through the outdoor heat exchanger 143 by rotation.
- the outdoor blower fan 146 is constituted by a propeller fan, for example.
- the outdoor air blower 146 has an outdoor heat exchanger 143 arranged in the air blowing direction (air flow direction).
- the four-way valve 142 is controlled by the outdoor control device 150b and switches the direction in which the refrigerant flows.
- the outdoor control device 150b switches the direction in which the refrigerant flows.
- the gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 141 is sent to the outdoor heat exchanger 143.
- the four-way valve 142 is at the position indicated by the broken line in FIG. 15, the gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 141 is sent to the indoor heat exchanger 145.
- the expansion valve 144 is controlled by the outdoor control device 150b, and depressurizes the high-pressure refrigerant to a low pressure by changing the opening degree.
- an indoor blower fan 147 which is a blower, is disposed so as to face the indoor heat exchanger 145.
- the indoor blower fan 147 generates an air flow that passes through the indoor heat exchanger 145 by rotation.
- the indoor blower fan 147 is configured by, for example, a cross flow fan.
- the indoor blower fan 147 is disposed on the downstream side of the indoor heat exchanger 145 in the blowing direction.
- the indoor unit 105A is provided with an indoor temperature sensor 154 as a temperature sensor that measures the indoor temperature Ta, which is the indoor air temperature (temperature to be air-conditioned), and sends the measured temperature information (information signal) to the indoor control device 150a. It has been.
- the indoor temperature sensor 154 may be a temperature sensor used in a general air conditioner, or a radiation temperature sensor that detects a surface temperature of an indoor wall or floor.
- the indoor unit 105A is also provided with a signal receiving unit 156 that receives an instruction signal transmitted from a user operation unit such as a remote controller 155 operated by the user.
- the remote controller 155 is used by the user to instruct the air conditioner 105 to perform operation input (operation start and stop) or operation details (set temperature, wind speed, etc.).
- the compressor 141 is driven by the electric motor 2 described in the first or second embodiment.
- the electric motor 2 is configured integrally with a compression mechanism of the compressor 141.
- the compressor 141 is configured to be able to change the operating rotational speed in the range of 20 rps to 120 rps during normal operation.
- the rotational speed of the compressor 141 is controlled by the outdoor control device 150b according to a temperature difference ⁇ T between the current indoor temperature Ta obtained by the indoor temperature sensor 154 and the set temperature Ts set by the user with the remote controller 155.
- the temperature difference ⁇ T is larger, the compressor 141 rotates at a higher speed, and the circulation amount of the refrigerant is increased.
- the rotation of the indoor fan 147 is controlled by the indoor control device 150a.
- the number of rotations of the indoor blower fan 147 can be switched to a plurality of stages (for example, three stages of “strong wind”, “medium wind”, and “weak wind”).
- the rotational speed of the indoor fan 147 is switched according to the temperature difference ⁇ T between the measured indoor temperature Ta and the set temperature Ts.
- the rotation of the outdoor fan 146 is controlled by the outdoor control device 150b.
- the number of rotations of the outdoor fan 146 can be switched between a plurality of stages.
- the rotational speed of the outdoor blower fan 146 is switched according to the temperature difference ⁇ T between the measured indoor temperature Ta and the set temperature Ts.
- the indoor unit 105A is also provided with a left / right wind direction plate 148 and an up / down wind direction plate 149.
- the basic operation of the air conditioner 105 is as follows. During the cooling operation, the four-way valve 142 is switched to the position indicated by the solid line, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 141 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 143.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 143 operates as a condenser.
- the heat of heat condenses the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant condenses to become a high-pressure and low-temperature liquid refrigerant, and adiabatically expands by the expansion valve 144 to become a low-pressure and low-temperature two-phase refrigerant.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the expansion valve 144 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 145 of the indoor unit 5A.
- the indoor heat exchanger 145 operates as an evaporator.
- the heat is exchanged to evaporate the evaporation heat and evaporate, and the air thus cooled is supplied to the room.
- the refrigerant evaporates to become a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant, and is compressed again by the compressor 41 into a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
- the four-way valve 142 is switched to the position indicated by the dotted line, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 141 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 145.
- the indoor heat exchanger 145 operates as a condenser.
- the heat of the refrigerant is taken away by heat exchange. Thereby, the heated air is supplied indoors.
- the refrigerant condenses into a high-pressure and low-temperature liquid refrigerant, and adiabatically expands at the expansion valve 144 to become a low-pressure and low-temperature two-phase refrigerant.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the expansion valve 144 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 143 of the outdoor unit 105B.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 143 operates as an evaporator.
- the heat is evaporated and evaporated by the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant evaporates to become a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant, and is compressed again by the compressor 141 into a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
- the indoor control device 150a and the outdoor control device 150b exchange information with each other via the communication cable 150c to control the air conditioner 105.
- the indoor control device 150a and the outdoor control device 150b are collectively referred to as a control device 150.
- the control device 150 corresponds to the control units 6 and 7 in the first and second embodiments.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a control system of the air conditioner 105.
- the control device 150 is composed of, for example, a microcomputer.
- the control device 150 includes an input circuit 151, an arithmetic circuit 152, and an output circuit 153.
- the input circuit 151 receives an instruction signal received from the remote controller 155 by the signal receiver 156.
- the instruction signal includes, for example, a signal for setting an operation input, an operation mode, a set temperature, an air volume, or an air direction.
- the input circuit 151 also receives temperature information representing the room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 154.
- the input circuit 151 outputs the input information to the arithmetic circuit 152.
- the arithmetic circuit 152 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 157 and a memory 158.
- the CPU 157 performs calculation processing and determination processing.
- the memory 158 stores various setting values and programs used for controlling the air conditioner 105.
- the arithmetic circuit 152 performs calculation and determination based on the information input from the input circuit 151 and outputs the result to the output circuit 153.
- the output circuit 153 includes the compressor 141, the connection switching unit 160, the converter 102, the inverter 1, the compressor 141, the four-way valve 142, the expansion valve 144, the outdoor blower fan 146, the indoor Control signals are output to the blower fan 147, the left and right wind direction plates 148 and the up and down wind direction plates 149.
- the connection switching unit 160 is the connection switching unit 3 of the first embodiment or the connection switching unit 4 of the second embodiment.
- the control device 150 controls various devices such as the indoor unit 105A and the outdoor unit 105B.
- each of the indoor control device 150a and the outdoor control device 150b is composed of a microcomputer.
- a control device may be mounted only on one of the indoor unit 105A and the outdoor unit 105B to control various devices of the indoor unit 105A and the outdoor unit 105B.
- the arithmetic circuit 152 analyzes the instruction signal input from the remote controller 155 via the input circuit 151, and calculates, for example, a temperature difference ⁇ T between the operation mode and the set temperature Ts and the room temperature Ta based on the analysis result.
- the arithmetic circuit 152 controls the driving device 100 based on the temperature difference ⁇ T, thereby controlling the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 (that is, the rotation speed of the compressor 141).
- the basic operation of the air conditioner 105 is as follows.
- the control device 150 is activated by delta connection at the end of the previous operation.
- the control device 150 drives the fan motors of the indoor blower fan 147 and the outdoor blower fan 146 as activation processing of the air conditioner 105.
- control device 150 outputs a voltage switching signal to converter 102 that supplies a DC voltage (bus voltage) to inverter 1, and converts the bus voltage of converter 102 to a bus voltage (eg, 390 V) corresponding to the delta connection. Boost the pressure. Furthermore, the control device 150 activates the electric motor 2.
- the control device 150 drives the electric motor 2 with a delta connection. That is, the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 is controlled by controlling the output voltage of the inverter 1. Further, the control device 150 obtains a temperature difference ⁇ T between the room temperature detected by the room temperature sensor 154 and the set temperature set by the remote controller 155, and the maximum allowable number of rotations (here) is determined according to the temperature difference ⁇ T. In this case, the rotational speed is increased to 130 rpm). Thereby, the refrigerant
- control device 150 decreases the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 according to the temperature difference ⁇ T.
- temperature difference ⁇ T decreases to a predetermined temperature near zero (however, greater than 0)
- control device 150 operates electric motor 2 at an allowable minimum rotational speed (here, 20 rps).
- the control device 150 stops the rotation of the electric motor 2 to prevent overcooling (or overheating). . As a result, the compressor 141 is stopped. Then, when the temperature difference ⁇ T becomes larger than 0 again, the control device 150 restarts the rotation of the electric motor 2.
- control device 150 determines whether or not it is necessary to switch the stator winding from the delta connection to the star connection. That is, it is determined whether the connection state of the stator windings is delta connection and the temperature difference ⁇ T is equal to or less than the threshold value ⁇ Tr (step S106).
- the threshold value ⁇ Tr is a temperature difference corresponding to an air conditioning load that is small enough to be switched to the star connection.
- control device 150 outputs a stop signal to the inverter 1 and stops the rotation of the electric motor 2. Thereafter, the control device 150 outputs a connection switching signal to the connection switching unit 160 to switch the connection state of the stator winding from the delta connection to the star connection. Subsequently, control device 150 outputs a voltage switching signal to converter 102, reduces the bus voltage of converter 102 to a voltage (for example, 280 V) corresponding to the star connection, and restarts rotation of electric motor 2.
- control device 150 stops the rotation of the electric motor 2. Thereafter, the control device 150 outputs a connection switching signal to the connection switching unit 160 to switch the connection state of the stator winding from the star connection to the delta connection. Subsequently, control device 150 outputs a voltage switching signal to converter 102, boosts the bus voltage of converter 102 to a voltage (for example, 390 V) corresponding to the delta connection, and restarts rotation of electric motor 2.
- the electric motor 2 can be driven to a higher rotational speed than the star connection, so that a larger load can be handled. Therefore, the temperature difference ⁇ T between the room temperature and the set temperature can be converged in a short time.
- the control device 150 stops the rotation of the electric motor 2 when receiving the operation stop signal. Thereafter, the control device 150 switches the connection state of the stator windings from the star connection to the delta connection. If the connection state of the stator winding is already a delta connection, the connection state is maintained.
- control device 150 performs a stop process of the air conditioner 105. Specifically, the fan motors of the indoor blower fan 47 and the outdoor blower fan 146 are stopped. Thereafter, the CPU 57 of the control device 150 stops, and the operation of the air conditioner 105 ends.
- the electric motor 2 when the temperature difference ⁇ T between the room temperature and the set temperature is relatively small (that is, when it is equal to or smaller than the threshold value ⁇ Tr), the electric motor 2 is operated with a highly efficient star connection.
- the electric motor 2 When it is necessary to cope with a larger load, that is, when the temperature difference ⁇ T is larger than the threshold value ⁇ Tr, the electric motor 2 is operated with a delta connection capable of accommodating a larger load. Therefore, the operating efficiency of the air conditioner 105 can be improved.
- the rotation speed of the motor 2 may be detected before the rotation of the motor 2 is stopped, and it may be determined whether or not the detected rotation speed is equal to or greater than a threshold value.
- a threshold value of the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 for example, an intermediate 60 rps between a rotation speed of 35 rps corresponding to the heating intermediate condition and a rotation speed of 85 rps corresponding to the heating rated condition is used. If the rotation speed of the electric motor 2 is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the rotation of the electric motor 2 is stopped and switched to the delta connection, and the bus voltage of the converter 102 is boosted.
- connection switching is necessary based on the temperature difference ⁇ T
- FIG. 17 is a timing chart showing an example of the operation of the air conditioner 105.
- FIG. 17 shows the operating state of the air conditioner 105 and the driving state of the outdoor fan 146 and the electric motor 2 (compressor 141).
- the outdoor blower fan 146 is shown as an example of a component other than the electric motor 2 of the air conditioner 105.
- the signal receiving unit 156 receives an operation activation signal (ON command) from the remote controller 155, the CPU 157 is activated and the air conditioner 105 is activated (ON state).
- the air conditioner 105 is activated, the fan motor of the outdoor fan 146 starts rotating after the time t0 has elapsed.
- Time t0 is a delay time due to communication between the indoor unit 105A and the outdoor unit 105B.
- Time t1 is a waiting time until the rotation of the fan motor of the outdoor fan 146 is stabilized.
- an operation stop signal (OFF command) is received from the remote controller 155.
- the time t2 required for switching the connection is a waiting time required for restarting the electric motor 2, and is set to a time required until the refrigerant pressure in the refrigeration cycle becomes substantially equal.
- Time t3 is a waiting time necessary for sufficiently reducing the temperature of the refrigeration cycle. Thereafter, after the elapse of time t4, the CPU 157 stops and the air conditioner 105 enters an operation stop state (OFF state). Time t4 is a waiting time set in advance.
- connection switching unit 3 or 4 of the electric motor drive device of the first or second embodiment can be used as the connection switching unit 160. Therefore, the state of the switch movable parts 31e to 33e or 41e to 46e of the relays 31 to 33 or 41 to 46, which are mechanical switches included in the connection switching part 3 or 4, is changed to the excitation of the excitation coils 51a to 53a or 61a to 66a. Alternatively, the connection state of the stator winding can be appropriately switched by switching by de-excitation. For this reason, the electric motor 2 can be driven at high speed rotation by delta connection, and the electric motor 2 can be driven at high efficiency by low speed rotation by star connection.
- excitation (energization) of the excitation coils 51a to 53a or 61a to 66a is unnecessary during low-speed rotation that is assumed to have a long operation time, thereby reducing power consumption. can do.
- the switching conditions for the air conditioning operation and the connection state described above are merely examples, and the switching conditions between the star connection and the delta connection include, for example, the motor rotation speed, the motor current, the modulation rate, and the like. It can be determined by various conditions or a combination of various conditions.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る電動機駆動装置の構成(スター結線の場合)を概略的に示す図である。図2は、実施の形態1に係る電動機駆動装置の構成(デルタ結線の場合)を概略的に示す図である。図3(A)及び(B)は、スター結線(Y結線)とデルタ結線(Δ結線)とを示す図である。
図9は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る電動機駆動装置の構成(スター結線の場合)を概略的に示す図である。図10は、実施の形態2に係る電動機駆動装置の構成(デルタ結線の場合)を概略的に示す図である。図9において、図1に示される構成要素と同一又は対応する構成要素には、図1に示される符号と同じ符号が付される。また、図10において、図2に示される構成要素と同一又は対応する構成要素には、図1に示される符号と同じ符号が付される。
以下に、実施の形態1又は2に係る電動機駆動装置を具備する空気調和機について説明する。図14は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る空気調和機105の構成を示すブロック図である。空気調和機105は、室内(冷暖房の対象空間内)に設置される室内機105Aと、屋外に設置される室外機105Bとを備えている。室内機105Aと室外機105Bとは、冷媒が流れる配管140によって接続されている。
Claims (12)
- 固定子巻線を有する電動機を駆動させる電動機駆動装置であって、
前記固定子巻線に接続された機械式スイッチと励磁電流の通電又は非通電によって前記機械式スイッチを開閉させる励磁コイルとを有し、前記機械式スイッチの開閉によって前記固定子巻線の結線状態を第1の結線状態及び前記第1の結線状態と異なる第2の結線状態のいずれかに切り替える結線切替部と、
前記固定子巻線に交流駆動電圧を供給するインバータと
を具備する電動機駆動装置。 - 前記固定子巻線は、第1の開放巻線と第2の開放巻線とを有し、
前記第1の開放巻線は、前記インバータに接続された第1の巻線端子と、前記結線切替部に接続された第2の巻線端子とを有し、
前記第2の開放巻線は、前記インバータに接続された第3の巻線端子と、前記結線切替部に接続された第4の巻線端子とを有し、
前記結線切替部は、前記励磁コイルに励磁電流が通電されているときに前記第1の開放巻線の前記第2の巻線端子と前記第2の開放巻線の前記第4の巻線端子とを互いに接続することで、前記固定子巻線の結線状態を前記第1の結線状態に切り替える
請求項1に記載の電動機駆動装置。 - 前記結線切替部は、前記励磁コイルに励磁電流が通電されていないときに前記第1の開放巻線の前記第2の巻線端子と前記第2の開放巻線の前記第4の巻線端子とを前記インバータに接続することで、前記固定子巻線の結線状態を前記第2の結線状態に切り替える
請求項2に記載の電動機駆動装置。 - 前記固定子巻線は、第3の開放巻線をさらに有し、
前記第3の開放巻線は、前記インバータに接続された第5の巻線端子と、前記結線切替部に接続された第6の巻線端子とを有し、
前記結線切替部は、前記励磁コイルに励磁電流が通電されているときに前記第1の開放巻線の前記第2の巻線端子と前記第2の開放巻線の前記第4の巻線端子と前記第3の開放巻線の第6の巻線端子とを互いに接続することで、前記固定子巻線の結線状態を前記第1の結線状態であるスター結線に切り替える
請求項2又は3に記載の電動機駆動装置。 - 前記結線切替部は、前記励磁コイルに励磁電流が通電されていないときに前記第1の開放巻線の前記第2の巻線端子と前記第2の開放巻線の前記第4の巻線端子と前記第3の開放巻線の前記第6の巻線端子とを前記インバータに接続することで、前記固定子巻線の結線状態を前記第2の結線状態であるデルタ結線に切り替える
請求項4に記載の電動機駆動装置。 - 前記機械式スイッチは、第1のリレー、第2のリレー、及び第3のリレーを有し、
前記第1のリレーは、前記インバータに接続された第1の端子と、第2の端子と、前記第1の開放巻線の前記第2の巻線端子に接続され、前記第1の端子及び前記第2の端子のいずれかに接続される第3の端子とを有し、
前記第2のリレーは、前記インバータに接続された第4の端子と、前記第2の端子に接続された第5の端子と、前記第2の開放巻線の前記第4の巻線端子に接続され、前記第4の端子及び前記第5の端子のいずれかに接続される第6の端子とを有し、
前記第3のリレーは、前記インバータに接続された第7の端子と、前記第2の端子及び前記第5の端子に接続された第8の端子と、前記第3の開放巻線の前記第6の巻線端子に接続され、前記第7の端子及び前記第8の端子のいずれかに接続される第9の端子とを有し、
前記結線切替部は、前記第2の端子と前記第3の端子を接続し、且つ前記第5の端子と前記第6の端子とを接続し、且つ前記第8の端子と前記第9の端子とを接続することで、前記固定子巻線の結線状態を前記第1の結線状態に切り替える
請求項4又は5に記載の電動機駆動装置。 - 前記結線切替部は、前記第1の端子と前記第3の端子を接続し、且つ前記第4の端子と前記第6の端子とを接続し、且つ前記第7の端子と前記第9の端子とを接続することですることで、前記結線状態を前記第2の結線状態に切り替える
請求項6に記載の電動機駆動装置。 - 前記機械式スイッチは、第1のリレー、第2のリレー、第3のリレー、第4のリレー、第5のリレー、及び第6のリレーを有し、
前記第1のリレーは、前記インバータに接続された第1の端子と、前記第1の開放巻線の前記第2の巻線端子に接続された第2の端子とを有し、
前記第2のリレーは、第3の端子と、前記第1の開放巻線の前記第2の巻線端子に接続された第4の端子とを有し、
前記第3のリレーは、前記インバータに接続された第5の端子と、前記第2の開放巻線の前記第4の巻線端子に接続された第6の端子とを有し、
前記第4のリレーは、前記第3の端子に接続された第7の端子と、前記第2の開放巻線の前記第4の巻線端子に接続された第8の端子とを有し、
前記第5のリレーは、前記インバータに接続された第9の端子と、前記第3の開放巻線の前記第6の巻線端子に接続された第10の端子とを有し、
前記第6のリレーは、前記第3の端子及び前記第7の端子に接続された第11の端子と、前記第3の開放巻線の前記第6の巻線端子に接続された第12の端子とを有し、
前記結線切替部は、
前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間を開状態とし、前記第5の端子と前記第6の端子との間を開状態とし、前記第9の端子と前記第10の端子との間を開状態とし、前記第3の端子と前記第4の端子との間を閉状態とし、前記第7の端子と前記第8の端子との間を閉状態とし、前記第11の端子と前記第12の端子との間を閉状態とすることで、前記固定子巻線の結線状態を前記第1の結線状態に切り替える
請求項4又は5に記載の電動機駆動装置。 - 前記結線切替部は、
前記第1の端子と前記第2の端子との間を閉状態とし、前記第5の端子と前記第6の端子との間を閉状態とし、前記第9の端子と前記第10の端子との間を閉状態とし、前記第3の端子と前記第4の端子との間を開状態とし、前記第7の端子と前記第8の端子との間を開状態とし、前記第11の端子と前記第12の端子との間を開状態とすることで、前記固定子巻線の結線状態を前記第2の結線状態に切り替える
請求項8に記載の電動機駆動装置。 - 前記結線切替部及び前記インバータを制御する制御部をさらに有し、
前記制御部は、前記電動機の駆動の停止中に、前記結線切替部に前記結線状態の切り替えを実行させる請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の電動機駆動装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記電動機の起動開始前に、前記結線切替部に前記結線状態を前記第2の結線状態に切り替えさせる請求項10に記載の電動機駆動装置。
- 固定子巻線を有する電動機と、
前記電動機によって駆動される圧縮機と、
前記電動機を駆動させる電動機駆動装置と
を具備する空気調和機であって、
前記電動機駆動装置は、
前記固定子巻線に接続された機械式スイッチと励磁電流の通電又は非通電によって前記機械式スイッチを開閉させる励磁コイルとを有し、前記機械式スイッチの開閉によって前記固定子巻線の結線状態を第1の結線状態及び前記第1の結線状態と異なる第2の結線状態のいずれかに切り替える結線切替部と、
前記固定子巻線に交流駆動電圧を供給するインバータとを具備する
空気調和機。
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EP3534530A1 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
KR102311216B1 (ko) | 2021-10-12 |
US20200021225A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
KR20190040035A (ko) | 2019-04-16 |
JPWO2018078839A1 (ja) | 2019-06-24 |
EP3534530B1 (en) | 2023-01-11 |
EP3534530A4 (en) | 2019-09-04 |
CN109891736A (zh) | 2019-06-14 |
US11368118B2 (en) | 2022-06-21 |
JP6918818B2 (ja) | 2021-08-11 |
CN109891736B (zh) | 2022-06-07 |
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