WO2018049685A1 - Cultivation substrate and cultivation method for flammulina velutipes - Google Patents

Cultivation substrate and cultivation method for flammulina velutipes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018049685A1
WO2018049685A1 PCT/CN2016/099345 CN2016099345W WO2018049685A1 WO 2018049685 A1 WO2018049685 A1 WO 2018049685A1 CN 2016099345 W CN2016099345 W CN 2016099345W WO 2018049685 A1 WO2018049685 A1 WO 2018049685A1
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Prior art keywords
flammulina velutipes
cultivation
wood chips
substrate
bottle
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PCT/CN2016/099345
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王亮
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王亮
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/099345 priority Critical patent/WO2018049685A1/en
Publication of WO2018049685A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018049685A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fungus planting substrate, in particular to a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof.
  • Soilless culture A method of cultivating plants with other things, including hydroponics, fog (gas) culture, and substrate cultivation.
  • a soilless culture method in which a plant substrate is fixed with a solid substrate (medium) and the nutrient solution and oxygen are absorbed through the substrate.
  • the commonly used inorganic substrates are vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, sand, polyurethane, etc.; organic substrates include peat, rice husk charcoal and bark. Therefore, substrate cultivation is divided into rock wool cultivation, sand culture, etc., and our agricultural field is also actively conducting research experiments on soilless substrates.
  • the matrix is the key to ensure the quality of the strain.
  • the high-quality matrix can provide a good ventilation environment and suitable water holding capacity for the strain, and has the characteristics of light weight, convenient transportation, no pests and diseases, and economic and environmental protection of raw materials.
  • the quality of the substrate directly affects the growth of planting plants and strains. This has become the focus of continuous research and testing in the field of agricultural matrix research, and the agricultural sector is directly facing the majority of farmers, so it is necessary to consider the cost. How to match a matrix suitable for Flammulina velutipes cultivation with low cost, good yield and good quality is the focus of our research.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof, and to obtain a suitable Flammulina velutipes strain by considering the cost of the matrix raw material, the matrix nutrient and the ratio of the substrate to the fungus planting.
  • the substrate is planted, and a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof are provided.
  • the technical scheme of the invention adopts wood chips, animal manure, grass ash, rapeseed cake, peat soil and corn cob as matrix material, peat soil is matrix material rich in organic matter, wood chips, animal manure, grass ash, rapeseed cake Corn cobs, matrix materials are easy to obtain and environmentally friendly for farmers.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention provides a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 4%-15% of wood chips, 5%-18% of animal feces, 10%-25% of grass ash, 10% of rapeseed cake -15%, peat soil 15%-35%, corn cob 5%-15%; the substrate pH 5.5-8.0, conductivity 550 ⁇ 750 ⁇ s / cm, water holding capacity 55% ⁇ 70%, air porosity It is 10% to 30%, the total porosity is 50% to 85%, and the bulk density is 0.19 to 0.75 g/cm 3 .
  • the Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 15% of wood chips, 15% of animal feces, 25% of grass ash, 15% of rapeseed cake, 22% of peat soil, and 6% of corn cob.
  • the Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 6% of wood chips, 13% of animal feces, grass Wood ash 25%, rapeseed cake 15%, peat soil 27%, corn cob 14%.
  • the Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 15% of wood chips, 18% of animal feces, 17% of grass ash, 14% of rapeseed cake, 23% of peat soil, and 13% of corn cob.
  • the Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 13% broken wood chips, 18% animal waste, 22% grass ash, 10% rapeseed cake, 28% peat soil, and 9% corn cob.
  • any Flammulina velutipes culture substrate has a substrate pH of 6.2 to 8.0, an electric conductivity of 650 to 730 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, an air porosity of 21% to 28%, and a total porosity of 55. % to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm 3 .
  • the animal manure comprises one or more components of dry chicken manure, dry sheep manure, dry cow dung, dry pig manure, and dry horse manure, which are specifically adjusted according to the supply requirements of the raw materials in the geographical area.
  • the invention also discloses a cultivation method of Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate,
  • Formulating the substrate mixing the matrix materials according to any one of the above items uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag;
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap. ;
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • the water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • the substrate cultivation method comprises mushroom stick cultivation.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the field of use of the substrate is mostly in the agricultural field, and the matrix material is easy to obtain, such as wood chips, animal manure, grass ash, rapeseed cake, corn cob, etc., which are readily available to farmers, and farmers can use
  • the matrix material is agricultural environmental protection raw material, and has no pollution
  • the substrate ratio of the Flammulina velutipes cultured by the technical solution provided by the invention is superior to the traditional one.
  • the matrix improves the yield and quality of the fungus.
  • the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 4%-15% of wood chips, 5%-18% of animal feces, 10%-25% of grass ash, vegetables. Seed cake 10%-15%, peat soil 15%-35%, corn cob 5%-15%; the substrate pH 5.5-8.0, conductivity 550 ⁇ 750 ⁇ s / cm, water holding capacity 55% ⁇ 70% The air porosity is 10% to 30%, the total porosity is 50% to 85%, and the bulk density is 0.19 to 0.75 g/cm 3 .
  • the wood chips have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm, and the peat soil has a diameter of 5 mm to 15 mm.
  • the corn cobs are granular and have a diameter of 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • the water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • the animal manure comprises one or more components of dry chicken manure, dry sheep manure, dry cow dung, dry pig manure, and dry horse manure, which are specifically adjusted according to the supply requirements of the raw materials in the geographical area.
  • the cultivation method of the embodiment of the invention preparing the matrix: mixing the matrix raw materials uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap. ;
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm. .
  • the substrate has a pH of 6.2 to 8.0, an electric conductivity of 650 to 730 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, an air porosity of 21% to 28%, a total porosity of 55% to 70%, and a bulk density of 0.25. ⁇ 0.50g/cm 3 .
  • the substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
  • a better matrix formulation was obtained by comparing the diameters of the stalk diameter, the length of the stalk, the diameter of the cap, and the yield of the same planting area.
  • Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: wood chips 15%, animal manure 15%, grass ash 25%, rapeseed cake 15%, peat soil 22%, corn cob 6%.
  • the substrate had a pH of 7.7, an electrical conductivity of 660 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64%, an air porosity of 28%, a total porosity of 56%, and a bulk density of 0.3 g/cm3.
  • the animal feces contains 100% of dry chicken manure.
  • the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: 6% wood chips, 13% animal waste, 25% grass ash, 15% rapeseed cake, 27% peat soil, and 14% corn cob.
  • the substrate had a pH of 7.8, a conductivity of 640 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 23%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.35 g/cm3.
  • the animal feces contains 100% of dry chicken manure.
  • Formulating the substrate mixing the matrix materials uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag;
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: 15% broken wood chips, 18% animal waste, 17% grass ash, 14% rapeseed cake, 23% peat soil, and 13% corn cob.
  • the substrate had a pH of 8.0, a conductivity of 670 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 65%, an air porosity of 26%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
  • the animal feces contains 30% dry chicken manure, 30% dry cow dung, and 40% dry pig manure.
  • the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: 13% broken wood chips, 18% animal waste, 22% grass ash, 10% rapeseed cake, 28% peat soil, and 9% corn cob.
  • the substrate had a pH of 7.9, an electrical conductivity of 660 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 25%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
  • the animal feces contains 30% dry chicken manure, 30% dry cow dung, and 40% dry pig manure.
  • the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • Matrix Conventional wood chip medium contains 70% wood chips, 27% rice bran or wheat bran, 1% sucrose, 15% gypsum powder, and 1% calcium carbonate.
  • the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • Matrix Conventional cottonseed hull medium contains 75% cottonseed husk, 22% rice bran or wheat husk, 1% sucrose, 1% calcium superphosphate, and 1% gypsum powder.
  • the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the stage of the germination. It is found that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent the spread of spread.
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • test data of the growth index of Flammulina velutipes collected according to the above specific examples are as follows:
  • the diameter of the stalk and the length of the stalk of Example 1-4 can be seen from the table.
  • the diameter of the cap is better than that of the examples 5-6, and the yield of the same planting area of the examples 1-4 is also higher than that of the examples 5-6.
  • the strain data cultivated by the matrix formulated by the technical scheme of the present invention can be seen. It is superior to the conventional Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate.
  • the matrix material in the technical scheme of the invention is easy to obtain for farmers, the ratioing method is simple, easy to operate, and the yield and quality of the Flammulina velutipes species are improved.
  • the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.

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  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

A cultivation substrate and cultivation method for flammulina velutipes. Wood chips, animal dungs, plant ashes, rapeseed cakes, peat soil, and corncobs are selected as substrate formulation materials. The peat soil is an organic matter-rich substrate material, and is used together with the wood chips, animal dungs, plant ashes, rapeseed cakes, and corncobs. The fungus planting production period is shortened, the cultivation quality is also superior to that of the traditional substrate, and therefore, the yield and quality of fungus planting can be greatly and effectively improved. Moreover, also disclosed is a cultivation method that has simple operations.

Description

金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and cultivation method thereof 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种菌类种植基质，特别涉及一种金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法。The invention relates to a fungus planting substrate, in particular to a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
无土栽培(soilless culture)不用土壤，用其它东西培养植物的方法，包括水培、雾(气)培、基质栽培。用固体基质(介质)固定植物根系，并通过基质吸收营养液和氧的一种无土栽培方式。基质种类很多，常用的无机基质有蛭石、珍珠岩、岩棉、沙、聚氨酯等；有机基质有泥炭、稻壳炭、树皮等。因此基质栽培又分为岩棉栽培、沙培等，对此我们农业领域也在积极的着手无土基质的研究试验。Soilless culture A method of cultivating plants with other things, including hydroponics, fog (gas) culture, and substrate cultivation. A soilless culture method in which a plant substrate is fixed with a solid substrate (medium) and the nutrient solution and oxygen are absorbed through the substrate. There are many kinds of substrates. The commonly used inorganic substrates are vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, sand, polyurethane, etc.; organic substrates include peat, rice husk charcoal and bark. Therefore, substrate cultivation is divided into rock wool cultivation, sand culture, etc., and our agricultural field is also actively conducting research experiments on soilless substrates.
在农业菌种种植行业，基质是保证菌种质量的关键，优质的基质能为菌种提供良好的通气环境、合适的持水量，并具有轻质、方便运输、无病虫害、原料经济环保等品质，同时基质的好坏直接影响种植的植物、菌种的生长情况，这成为我们现今农业基质研究领域不断研究试验的重点领域，而农业领域直接面对是的广大农民，因此需要考虑成本问题，如何配比出一种适合金针菇菌种种植且价格成本低廉、产量、品质优良的基质为我们研究的重点。In the agricultural mushroom planting industry, the matrix is the key to ensure the quality of the strain. The high-quality matrix can provide a good ventilation environment and suitable water holding capacity for the strain, and has the characteristics of light weight, convenient transportation, no pests and diseases, and economic and environmental protection of raw materials. At the same time, the quality of the substrate directly affects the growth of planting plants and strains. This has become the focus of continuous research and testing in the field of agricultural matrix research, and the agricultural sector is directly facing the majority of farmers, so it is necessary to consider the cost. How to match a matrix suitable for Flammulina velutipes cultivation with low cost, good yield and good quality is the focus of our research.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明目的是针对以上问题，提供一种金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法，通过对基质原料成本的考虑、基质养分及基质对菌类种植的配比试验、研究，进而获得一种适合金针菇菌种种植的基质，且提供一种金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof, and to obtain a suitable Flammulina velutipes strain by considering the cost of the matrix raw material, the matrix nutrient and the ratio of the substrate to the fungus planting. The substrate is planted, and a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof are provided.
本发明的技术方案为选用碎木屑，动物粪便，草木灰，菜籽饼，泥炭土，玉米芯作为基质配方原料，泥炭土为有机质含量丰富的基质原料，碎木屑，动物粪便，草木灰，菜籽饼，玉米芯，基质原料对于农民来说易于获得而且环保。The technical scheme of the invention adopts wood chips, animal manure, grass ash, rapeseed cake, peat soil and corn cob as matrix material, peat soil is matrix material rich in organic matter, wood chips, animal manure, grass ash, rapeseed cake Corn cobs, matrix materials are easy to obtain and environmentally friendly for farmers.
本发明的技术方案是通过以下方式实现的：The technical solution of the present invention is achieved by the following methods:
本发明技术方案提供一种金针菇栽培基质，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑4％-15％，动物粪便5％-18％，草木灰10％-25％，菜籽饼10％-15％，泥炭土15％-35％，玉米芯5％-15％；所述基质酸碱度为5.5～8.0，电导率为550～750μs/cm，持水量为55％～70％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～85％，容重为0.19～0.7 5g/cm3。The technical scheme of the present invention provides a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 4%-15% of wood chips, 5%-18% of animal feces, 10%-25% of grass ash, 10% of rapeseed cake -15%, peat soil 15%-35%, corn cob 5%-15%; the substrate pH 5.5-8.0, conductivity 550 ~ 750μs / cm, water holding capacity 55% ~ 70%, air porosity It is 10% to 30%, the total porosity is 50% to 85%, and the bulk density is 0.19 to 0.75 g/cm 3 .
所述金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑15％，动物粪便15％，草木灰25％，菜籽饼15％，泥炭土22％，玉米芯6％。The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 15% of wood chips, 15% of animal feces, 25% of grass ash, 15% of rapeseed cake, 22% of peat soil, and 6% of corn cob.
所述金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑6％，动物粪便13％，草 木灰25％，菜籽饼15％，泥炭土27％，玉米芯14％。The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 6% of wood chips, 13% of animal feces, grass Wood ash 25%, rapeseed cake 15%, peat soil 27%, corn cob 14%.
所述金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑15％，动物粪便18％，草木灰17％，菜籽饼14％，泥炭土23％，玉米芯13％。The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 15% of wood chips, 18% of animal feces, 17% of grass ash, 14% of rapeseed cake, 23% of peat soil, and 13% of corn cob.
所述金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑13％，动物粪便18％，草木灰22％，菜籽饼10％，泥炭土28％，玉米芯9％。The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 13% broken wood chips, 18% animal waste, 22% grass ash, 10% rapeseed cake, 28% peat soil, and 9% corn cob.
上述的任意一种金针菇栽培基质所述基质酸碱度为6.2～8.0，电导率为650～730μs/cm，持水量为64％～67％，空气孔隙度为21％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。The above-mentioned any Flammulina velutipes culture substrate has a substrate pH of 6.2 to 8.0, an electric conductivity of 650 to 730 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, an air porosity of 21% to 28%, and a total porosity of 55. % to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm 3 .
上述的任意一种金针菇栽培基质，碎木屑直径为0.1mm-7mm，泥炭土直径为5mm-15mm，所述玉米芯为颗粒状且直径为3mm-10mm。Any of the above-mentioned Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrates, the wood chips having a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm, and the peat soil having a diameter of 5 mm to 15 mm, wherein the corn cobs are granular and have a diameter of 3 mm to 10 mm.
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪、干羊粪、干牛粪、干猪粪、干马粪中的一种或者多种组成，具体根据所属地域范围原料供应需求而调整。The animal manure comprises one or more components of dry chicken manure, dry sheep manure, dry cow dung, dry pig manure, and dry horse manure, which are specifically adjusted according to the supply requirements of the raw materials in the geographical area.
本发明还公开了一种金针菇栽培基质栽培方法，The invention also discloses a cultivation method of Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate,
配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒；Formulating the substrate: mixing the matrix materials according to any one of the above items uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag;
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延；Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。；Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap. ;
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
所述用水的酸碱度为5.0-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。The water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 μs/cm to 150 μs/cm.
所述基质培育方式包含菌棒种植。 The substrate cultivation method comprises mushroom stick cultivation.
本发明的有益效果为：针对本基质使用领域多为农业领域，基质原料易于获取，如碎木屑，动物粪便，草木灰，菜籽饼，玉米芯等皆为农民易于获得的原料，农民可以利用自有资源进行配制基质，有效的降低基质原料的成本问题；同时本基质原料为农家环保原料，无污染；本发明技术方案提供的基质配比所栽培的金针菇菌种在产量上也优于传统的基质，对菌类在产量和质量得到改进。同时本发明公开了一种基质栽培方法，操作简单，便于推广。The invention has the beneficial effects that the field of use of the substrate is mostly in the agricultural field, and the matrix material is easy to obtain, such as wood chips, animal manure, grass ash, rapeseed cake, corn cob, etc., which are readily available to farmers, and farmers can use There are resources to prepare the substrate, which effectively reduces the cost of the matrix material; at the same time, the matrix material is agricultural environmental protection raw material, and has no pollution; the substrate ratio of the Flammulina velutipes cultured by the technical solution provided by the invention is superior to the traditional one. The matrix improves the yield and quality of the fungus. At the same time, the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.
具体实施方式detailed description
除非另外声明外，本文中所用的所有术语具有以下定义。除非另外声明外，本文中所用的所有百分数均基于体积。除非另外声明外，术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”和“含有”具有开放式含义，即，“包含但不限于”。All terms used herein have the following definitions unless otherwise stated. All percentages used herein are based on volume unless otherwise stated. The terms "comprising," "having," "having," and "having" are meant to have an open meaning, that is, "including but not limited to".
本发明进一步参考以下实施例描述。以下实施例仅是为了说明本发明，而非意图限制。The invention is further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
本发明实施例提供一种金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑4％-15％，动物粪便5％-18％，草木灰10％-25％，菜籽饼10％-15％，泥炭土15％-35％，玉米芯5％-15％；所述基质酸碱度为5.5～8.0，电导率为550～750μs/cm，持水量为55％～70％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～85％，容重为0.19～0.7 5g/cm3。An embodiment of the present invention provides a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 4%-15% of wood chips, 5%-18% of animal feces, 10%-25% of grass ash, vegetables. Seed cake 10%-15%, peat soil 15%-35%, corn cob 5%-15%; the substrate pH 5.5-8.0, conductivity 550 ~ 750μs / cm, water holding capacity 55% ~ 70% The air porosity is 10% to 30%, the total porosity is 50% to 85%, and the bulk density is 0.19 to 0.75 g/cm 3 .
所述碎木屑直径为0.1mm-7mm，泥炭土直径为5mm-15mm，所述玉米芯为颗粒状且直径为3mm-10mm。The wood chips have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm, and the peat soil has a diameter of 5 mm to 15 mm. The corn cobs are granular and have a diameter of 3 mm to 10 mm.
所述用水的酸碱度为5.0-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。The water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 μs/cm to 150 μs/cm.
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪、干羊粪、干牛粪、干猪粪、干马粪中的一种或者多种组成，具体根据所属地域范围原料供应需求而调整。The animal manure comprises one or more components of dry chicken manure, dry sheep manure, dry cow dung, dry pig manure, and dry horse manure, which are specifically adjusted according to the supply requirements of the raw materials in the geographical area.
本发明实施例栽培方法：配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。The cultivation method of the embodiment of the invention: preparing the matrix: mixing the matrix raw materials uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag.
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延； Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。；Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap. ;
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。。Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm. .
所述基质酸碱度为6.2～8.0，电导率为650～730μs/cm，持水量为64％～67％，空气孔隙度为21％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。所述基质培育方式包含菌棒、畦床种植。The substrate has a pH of 6.2 to 8.0, an electric conductivity of 650 to 730 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, an air porosity of 21% to 28%, a total porosity of 55% to 70%, and a bulk density of 0.25. ~0.50g/cm 3 . The substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
通过对比各种基质培育的菌种的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、同等种植面积产量等参数对比，获取一种较佳的基质配比配方。A better matrix formulation was obtained by comparing the diameters of the stalk diameter, the length of the stalk, the diameter of the cap, and the yield of the same planting area.
实施例1Example 1
配制基质：金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：木屑15％，动物粪便15％，草木灰25％，菜籽饼15％，泥炭土22％，玉米芯6％。所述基质酸碱度为7.7，电导率为660μs/cm，持水量为64％，空气孔隙度为28％，总孔隙度为56％，容重为0.3g/cm3。Formulation matrix: Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: wood chips 15%, animal manure 15%, grass ash 25%, rapeseed cake 15%, peat soil 22%, corn cob 6%. The substrate had a pH of 7.7, an electrical conductivity of 660 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 64%, an air porosity of 28%, a total porosity of 56%, and a bulk density of 0.3 g/cm3.
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪100％。The animal feces contains 100% of dry chicken manure.
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。Formulation of the matrix: the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延；Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。 Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
实施例2Example 2
配制基质：金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑6％，动物粪便13％，草木灰25％，菜籽饼15％，泥炭土27％，玉米芯14％。所述基质酸碱度为7.8，电导率为640μs/cm，持水量为66％，空气孔隙度为23％，总孔隙度为60％，容重为0.35g/cm3。Formulation matrix: Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: 6% wood chips, 13% animal waste, 25% grass ash, 15% rapeseed cake, 27% peat soil, and 14% corn cob. The substrate had a pH of 7.8, a conductivity of 640 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 23%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.35 g/cm3.
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪100％。The animal feces contains 100% of dry chicken manure.
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒；Formulating the substrate: mixing the matrix materials uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag;
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延。Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
实施例3Example 3
配制基质：金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑15％，动物粪便18％，草木灰17％，菜籽饼14％，泥炭土23％，玉米芯13％。所述基质酸碱度为8.0，电导率为670μs/cm，持水量为65％，空气孔隙度为26％，总孔隙度为57％，容重为0.4g/cm3。Formulation matrix: Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: 15% broken wood chips, 18% animal waste, 17% grass ash, 14% rapeseed cake, 23% peat soil, and 13% corn cob. The substrate had a pH of 8.0, a conductivity of 670 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 65%, an air porosity of 26%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪30％，干牛粪30％，干猪粪40％。The animal feces contains 30% dry chicken manure, 30% dry cow dung, and 40% dry pig manure.
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。Formulation of the matrix: the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。 Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延。Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
实施例4Example 4
配制基质：金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：碎木屑13％，动物粪便18％，草木灰22％，菜籽饼10％，泥炭土28％，玉米芯9％。所述基质酸碱度为7.9，电导率为660μs/cm，持水量为66％，空气孔隙度为25％，总孔隙度为57％，容重为0.4g/cm3。Formulation matrix: Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: 13% broken wood chips, 18% animal waste, 22% grass ash, 10% rapeseed cake, 28% peat soil, and 9% corn cob. The substrate had a pH of 7.9, an electrical conductivity of 660 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 25%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪30％，干牛粪30％，干猪粪40％。The animal feces contains 30% dry chicken manure, 30% dry cow dung, and 40% dry pig manure.
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。Formulation of the matrix: the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延。Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。 Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
实施例5Example 5
基质：常规木屑培养基包含木屑70％，米糠或麦皮27％，蔗糖1％，石膏粉15％，碳酸钙1％。Matrix: Conventional wood chip medium contains 70% wood chips, 27% rice bran or wheat bran, 1% sucrose, 15% gypsum powder, and 1% calcium carbonate.
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。Formulation of the matrix: the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延。Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
实施例6Example 6
基质：常规棉籽壳培养基包含棉籽壳75％，米糠或麦皮22％，蔗糖1％，过磷酸钙1％，石膏粉1％。Matrix: Conventional cottonseed hull medium contains 75% cottonseed husk, 22% rice bran or wheat husk, 1% sucrose, 1% calcium superphosphate, and 1% gypsum powder.
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。Formulation of the matrix: the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查， 发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延。Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the stage of the germination. It is found that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent the spread of spread.
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate. After the fruiting body grows out, the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
根据上述具体实施例采集的金针菇生长指标试验数据如下表：The test data of the growth index of Flammulina velutipes collected according to the above specific examples are as follows:
Figure PCTCN2016099345-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016099345-appb-000001
根据上述试验数据中不同基质培育的菌种的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、同等种植面积产量对比，从表中可以看出，实施例1-4的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径都优于实施例5-6，实施例1-4同等种植面积产量也高于实施例5-6，由以上参数可以看出本发明技术方案调配的基质所培育的菌种数据优于现在常规的金针菇栽培基质。本发明技术方案中的基质原料对于农民来说获取容易，配比方法简单，易于操作，对金针菇菌种在产量和质量得到改进。同时本发明公开了一种基质栽培方法，操作简单，便于推广。According to the comparison of the stalk diameter, the length of the stalk, the diameter of the stalk, and the yield of the same planting area of the strains cultivated by different substrates in the above test data, the diameter of the stalk and the length of the stalk of Example 1-4 can be seen from the table. The diameter of the cap is better than that of the examples 5-6, and the yield of the same planting area of the examples 1-4 is also higher than that of the examples 5-6. From the above parameters, the strain data cultivated by the matrix formulated by the technical scheme of the present invention can be seen. It is superior to the conventional Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate. The matrix material in the technical scheme of the invention is easy to obtain for farmers, the ratioing method is simple, easy to operate, and the yield and quality of the Flammulina velutipes species are improved. At the same time, the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域技术人员应当理解，依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。 It should be noted that the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate and not to limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art Any modifications or partial substitutions of the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

  1. 金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑4％-15％，动物粪便5％-18％，草木灰10％-25％，菜籽饼10％-15％，泥炭土15％-35％，玉米芯5％-15％；所述基质酸碱度为5.5～8.0，电导率为550～750μs/cm，持水量为55％～70％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～85％，容重为0.19～0.75g/cm3。Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate, characterized in that the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 4%-15% of wood chips, 5%-18% of animal feces, 10%-25% of grass ash, 10%-15% of rapeseed cake , peat soil 15% -35%, corn cob 5% - 15%; the substrate pH 5.5 ~ 8.0, conductivity 550 ~ 750μs / cm, water holding capacity of 55% ~ 70%, air porosity of 10% ～30%, the total porosity is 50% to 85%, and the bulk density is 0.19 to 0.75 g/cm 3 .
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑15％，动物粪便15％，草木灰25％，菜籽饼15％，泥炭土22％，玉米芯6％。The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 15% of wood chips, 15% of animal feces, 25% of grass ash, 15% of rapeseed cake, and 22% of peat soil. , corn cob 6%.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑6％，动物粪便13％，草木灰25％，菜籽饼15％，泥炭土27％，玉米芯14％。The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 6% of wood chips, 13% of animal feces, 25% of grass ash, 15% of rapeseed cake, and 27% of peat soil. , corn cob 14%.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑15％，动物粪便18％，草木灰17％，菜籽饼14％，泥炭土23％，玉米芯13％。The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 15% of wood chips, 18% of animal feces, 17% of grass ash, 14% of rapeseed cake, and 23% of peat soil. , corn cob 13%.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：碎木屑13％，动物粪便18％，草木灰22％，菜籽饼10％，泥炭土28％，玉米芯9％。The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to claim 1, wherein the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 13% of wood chips, 18% of animal feces, 22% of grass ash, 10% of rapeseed cake, and 28% of peat soil. , corn cob 9%.
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质酸碱度为6.2～8.0，电导率为650～730μs/cm，持水量为64％～67％，空气孔隙度为21％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。The Flammulina velutipes culture substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the matrix has a pH of 6.2 to 8.0, an electric conductivity of 650 to 730 μs/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, and an air porosity. It is 21% to 28%, the total porosity is 55% to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm 3 .
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述碎木屑直径为0.1mm-7mm，泥炭土直径为5mm-15mm,所述玉米芯为颗粒状且直径为3mm-10mm。The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wood chips have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm, the peat soil has a diameter of 5 mm to 15 mm, and the corn cob is granular and has a diameter of 3 mm. -10mm.
  8. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪、干羊粪、干牛粪、干猪粪、干马粪中的一种或者多种组成。The Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the animal feces comprise one or more of dry chicken manure, dry sheep manure, dried cow dung, dry pig manure, and dry horse manure. Composition.
  9. 金针菇栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate cultivation method, characterized in that
    配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒；Formulating the substrate: mixing the matrix materials according to any one of the above items uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag;
    菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)；Selection and sowing of strains: purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). );
    生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延；Growth period management: After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ~ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ~ 4 °C higher than the room temperature. The room temperature can be 3 ° C ~ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material. After 25-35 days, the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;
    出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子 实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养；子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇；Management after fruiting: After the hyphae are full, the fungus should be immediately sprayed (ie, the old strain of the surface is scraped off) to promote the primordial and son Entity formation; at this time to strengthen ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for bud culture; after the growth of the fruiting body, the temperature is controlled between 8 ° C ~ 14 ° C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained 90% ~ 95%, and slow Ventilation; cover 15cm high kraft paper bag at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag or cover the door and window of the cultivation room with black cloth to promote the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom with long stipe of the small cap;
    采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。Harvesting period: The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的金针菇栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，所述用水的酸碱度为5.0-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。 The method for cultivating a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate according to claim 8, wherein the water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.4 and an electric conductivity of 100 μs/cm to 150 μs/cm.
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CN110337987A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-10-18 重庆市大足区陈氏食用菌股份合作社 A kind of golden mushroom plantation method
CN112538432A (en) * 2020-09-30 2021-03-23 河北省农林科学院遗传生理研究所（河北省农林科学院农产品质量安全研究中心） Flammulina velutipes strain and cultivation method thereof
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CN114938758A (en) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-26 辽宁省微生物科学研究院 Soil-covering cultivation method for polyporus funnelorum
CN115701321A (en) * 2021-08-02 2023-02-10 福建农林大学 Preparation method and application of fresh grass raw material substrate for cultivating pleurotus edible fungi

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