CN102783345B - Novel cotton cultivation method - Google Patents
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- CN102783345B CN102783345B CN201210300698.XA CN201210300698A CN102783345B CN 102783345 B CN102783345 B CN 102783345B CN 201210300698 A CN201210300698 A CN 201210300698A CN 102783345 B CN102783345 B CN 102783345B
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Abstract
Seedling raising and transplanting in protected areas can prolong growth period by 30-40 days and promote increase of cotton yield. Traditional seedling raising and transplanting use soil nutrition pots. Manufacturing and transplanting of the soil nutrition pots are labor-consuming, high in labor intensity and low in efficiency. Paper-tube combined filled lightweight substrate and industrially made nutrition pots are used, mechanical seeding and mechanical transplanting are carried out and are development trends of cotton industry in China.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cotton cultivation method, belong to agriculture field.
Background technology
Cotton protection ground seedling raising and transplanting can extend effective breeding time of 30～40 days compared with direct sowing culture; bloom and tie the prolongation of bell phase; so seedling raising and transplanting is than the Yield Increase In Cotton of direct sowing culture 15%～20%, the Yangtze river basin and Huanghe valley cotton planting all adopt the method for seedling raising and transplanting for this reason.At present, raising seedling of cotton is transplanted traditional soil property nutrition bowl seedling transplanting method of always continuing to use, allotment bed soil, an alms bowl processed, grow seedlings, seedbed weeding, prevent and treat seedling diseases, play the operations such as alms bowl, transplanting and cannot use mechanically actuated, need to be with manually completing, nutritive cube is made and is taken a lot of work, and operation is loaded down with trivial details, efficiency is low, and labour intensity is large.Now, rural area a large amount of labours shift to city, and stay-at-home old, the weak and women labour who is in has been difficult to this heavy task.Development along with Chinese society doctrine market economy, the waste aggravation of enterprises using the labor, producer reduces recruitment threshold one after another, and many aging women Ye Doujin factory has worked as workman, has caused peasant waste, in recent years, a lot of main products cotton region has been abandoned the plantation of cotton or has simply been letted a piece of farmland go to waste in soil, causes Cotton Production area significantly to glide, and the external interdependency of cotton strengthens year by year, Cotton Production situation is very severe, and the cotton culture new method of studying light-duty simplification is carried out cotton mechanization and produced extremely urgent.
The Chinese government recognizes already must reform the mode of production that this falls behind as early as possible, sets aside the light-duty simplification culture technique of special fund research cotton.In current Cotton Production process; seedling raising and transplanting recruitment is more; labour intensity is also maximum; solve the light-duty simplification cultivation of cotton, first should start with from seedling raising and transplanting, realize sowing cotton seed machineryization; the batch production of growing seedlings; transplanting mechanization, production scale, is the task of top priority of stability and development Cotton in China industry.
Present crops mechanical planting, machinery transplanting technique is all more ripe, particularly, at rape, tobacco, has been widely used on the crops such as paddy rice, only cotton can not be used Development Tendency of Bowl-rear Transplanting Mechanization, have very large relation with the current traditional seedling-cultivating method backwardness of cotton, agronomy and agricultural machinery do not merge, and the cotton seedling that seedling-cultivating method is educated at present can not be applicable to machine and transplant, to work out as early as possible raising seedling of cotton new technology, adapt to cotton machinery and transplant.Applicant studies intensively with great concentration, constantly brings forth new ideas, and has invented the application's method, is applicable to very much cotton mechanization seedling raising and transplanting, can overcome the wretched insufficiency in current cotton seedling raising transplantation method, has stronger practicality.
Summary of the invention
The application's object; by the extraordinary combination of mechanized production papery pot for growing seedlings, utilize machine filling light seedling raising medium, Mechanization sowing; factorial seedling growth; mechanization transplanting, to replace the manual production of traditional cotton nutrition bowl seedling transplanting, reduces labor intensity; raise the efficiency; realize raising seedling of cotton and transplant entire mechanization, batch production, scale.
The technical scheme that realizes above-mentioned purpose and take, comprising:
1, (1), internal diameter 0.5cm～10cm is made in the making of combination pot for growing seedlings, thickness 0.001cm～0.5cm, high 3cm～20cm paper web, by paper web and the mutual bonding integrated combination seedling-cultivating tray of paper web, combination seedling-cultivating tray paper web forms 10～2000 of numbers, determine as required the size of combination pot for growing seedlings, hold with hardboard combination pot for growing seedlings bottom, the infiltration eye of 10～2000 diameter 0.1cm～0.5cm of supporting plate cutter, supporting plate size is equal to combination pot for growing seedlings, combination pot for growing seedlings surrounding is gone along with sb. to guard him with hardboard, thickness 0.01cm～the 0.5cm of hardboard, the aspect ratio pot for growing seedlings high 0.5cm～2cm suitable for reading of hardboard or contour with combination pot for growing seedlings, the length of hardboard is long with combination web, combination pot for growing seedlings is not folding before filling substrate, if existing sowing is now grown seedlings nearby, combining pot for growing seedlings bottom and surrounding does not need to set off and go along with sb. to guard him with hardboard, as long as open the folding direct filling substrate of combination pot for growing seedlings, then deliver to sower upper seeding wheel, the shape of combination pot for growing seedlings paper web makes cylindrical, cellular hexagon, square, taper shape as required, have on butt plate sealing or have on butt plate open-ended or without the supreme sealing of base plate, , can alms bowl body between pot for growing seedlings bonding mutually, also can contact mutually by attachment,
2, the processing of straw substrate is rubbed crop stalk to be ground into 0.1cm～20cm material that differs in size, and sends in stalks bulking machine, to carry out expanded being crushed and screened into and be applicable to growing seedlings by size;
3, filling substrate is made the learn from else's experience straw of pulverizing expanding treatment of pot for growing seedlings and by 1: 0.1～5: 0.1～5 volume, is matched well treated wood sawdust and grow seedlings with perlite or treated slag or by treated fowl and animal excrement or carbonization rice husk or papermaking offcuts or squeeze sugared offcuts or bacterium slag or coconut palm chaff or bark or leaf or reed or grow seedlings and be made into and be applicable to raising seedling of cotton matrix with vermiculite or expanded ceramsite or foamed plastics or rock wool, and the matrix weight ratio by 0.001%～10% adds the special-purpose root manure (N10: P of urging of raising seedling of cotton
2o
550: K
2o10+0.5BSFA+0.5CoSO
47H
2o+0.5Na
2b
4o
710H
2o) or biological organic fertilizer and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.1%～0.5% clorox, pour in charger, by charger, above-mentioned substance is added in seedling-cultivating tray combination cylinder cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, during apart from cave mouth 0.5cm～2cm, stop adding, upper front cover layer paper, in case matrix leaks, or fills the above-mentioned seedling medium above-mentioned identical fertile medicine that is mixed in any proportion or separately with paper pot;
4, sowing is sent the pot for growing seedlings combination of having filled up matrix into sower, and with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, pour in sower and sow, seed of every bunch planting, lid kind, waters;
5, grow seedlings and send into seedling cultivation greenhouse and carry out factorial seedling growth;
6, get Miao Yunmiao the cotton seedling that reaches transplanting standard is gone out together with seedling dish whole disc picking, put on fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field;
7, the cotton seedling of transplanting forward direction spills and executes clear water, if alms bowl mesostroma moisture is sufficient, also can not sprinkle water, and cotton seedling whole disc picking is gone out, and is placed on transplanter and transplants, and during transplanting, together with paper pot carrying substrates, transplants.Compared with prior art the application has following advantage.
1, described greatly raising labour productivity owing to having adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, by pot for growing seedlings integral body of the mutual bonding one-tenth of paper web, with respect to disperseing single earthen bowl sharpest edges to be, combination pot for growing seedlings is more suitable for the unified evenly reinforced filling substrate of machinery, the unified sowing of machinery, machinery is unified transplants.Tradition soil property nutritive cube is by making by hand, and can only make 3000 earthen bowl left and right a working day, and machine is made combination pot for growing seedlings and comprised system cylinder, filling substrate, and can complete 200,000 left and right a working day, is artificial more than 60 times.Artificial seeding can only sow 6000 alms bowls a working day, mechanical planting can be sowed 100,000 alms bowls a working day, artificial more than 16 times, only have combination pot for growing seedlings could use mechanical planting, machinery is transplanted, and adopts combination pot for growing seedlings to carry out raising seedling of cotton transplanting, greatly raises labour productivity, reduce labor intensity, reduce production costs.
According to Chinese Academy of Sciences's China's Modernization research center issue < < China's Modernization, report 2012: agricultural modernization research > > report claims, with added value of agriculture ratio, agricultural workforce's ratio and three indexs of farm labor efficiency, calculate, by 2008, Chinese agriculture economic level and Britain differ approximately 150 years, differ 108 years with the U.S., differ 36 years with Korea S.
Our Cotton Production mode falls behind more, scale of operation is little, whole process is hand-manipulated, and labor productivity is low, production cost is higher, and the amount of labour used that China on average produces 50kg gined cotton is 30～40 work days, and as long as the U.S. is 0.5 work day.The gined cotton of same grade, domestic cotton is per ton to be entered the price at factory and exceeds more than 2000 yuan than imported cotton.Because imported cotton price is low, cause the anxious increasing of domestic cotton stock, storage level is excessive, and the financial subsidies that country pays every year are for this reason up to billions of units.In the face of situation, around cost-saving synergistic, setting up technology, fund, the intensive modernization Cotton Production system of information has become the task of top priority.
Quickening along with Chinese population aging process, after several years, this a collection of stay-at-home the old and the weak labour who is in has lost labour capacity, the Cotton Production of China will really there will be the awkward situation of leaving no successor, start now should promote in good time the applicable cotton production mechanization technology such as cotton combination paper pot seedling raising and transplanting, improve energetically China's farm labor efficiency, dwindle and developed country between gap.
2, described increasing both production and income is owing to having adopted seedling growth paper tube to be combined into pot for growing seedlings, in-built expanded light seedling raising medium, ventilating slit 25%, water holding hole 50%, size void ratio is 1: 2～4, Ec value is in 0.5～3, pH value 5.5～7.0, and emergence rate is up to more than 98%, compared with soil property nutritive cube, exceed more than 20%, seedling-growing time also shortens 2 days compared with soil property nutritive cube, emerges neat, and once-seedling forming.The papery pot for growing seedlings content of organic matter is high, nutrient is comprehensive, during raising seedling of cotton, do not need to topdress, well developed root system, the large color depth of leaf, red shank is than moderate, cotton seedling carrying substrates during transplanting, band is fertile, band medicine, seedling is transplanted under paper pot protection, transplant lifting and do not hinder root, survival rate is up to 100%, guaranteed the Transplanting Density in unit are, for setting up rational group structure, capture cotton yield and tamped basis, transplanted seedling is without seedling-slowing stage, tiller is fast, growth is neat, growing way is prosperous, bloom early, knot bell is many, compare with soil property nutritive cube cotton, picking time ahead of time, before frost, flower rate is high, cotton fiber quality is largely increased, high quality cotton ratio increases, improved and planted cotton benefit, than traditional soil property nutritive cube, increase production more than 20%, than common transplanting hole tray seedling Yield Increase In Cotton more than 25%～30%, every hm
2increase more than 9000～22500 yuan of the output value.Fundamentally solve cotton replanting survival rate shakiness, seedling-slowing stage length, tardy late-maturing Three Difficult Issues, realized the target of saving recruitment, reducing labour intensity and cotton yield.
3, described saving of labor's abridged edition, improves and plants cotton benefit owing to having adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings to grow seedlings, and replaces traditional soil property feeding block seedlings raising, traditional every hm of soil property nutritive cube
2cotton replanting land for growing field crops needs seedbed for 15 of native recruitments, 30 of alms bowl recruitments processed, 15 of sowing recruitments, transplant 30 of recruitments, these work must complete in manual operation, by 100 yuan/work, need 9000 yuan of labor wage, and adopt extraordinary paper pot seedling-growing can machine sowing, machine transplant, operating efficiency surpasses artificial 20 times of transplanting, every hm
2sharing alms bowl, processing matrix and seedling raising and transplanting cost are only 450 yuan, compared with feeding block seedlings raising, save more than 8500 yuan; Save time, saving of labor, save worry, peasant no longer grows seedlings, and has removed the risk that every family disperses to grow seedlings the aspects such as born natural calamity, technology mistake.
It is damaged that tradition soil property nutritive cube is prone to alms bowl body in transplanting process, so conventionally will prepare some pot seedlings in alms bowl processed and sowing, plants 1hm more
2cotton need be with kind of 4 a, 900g, and that this method adopts extraordinary paper pot to grow seedlings is not damaged, and planting percent is high, does not need the preparation pot seedlings of preparing, every cultivation 1hm more
2cotton seedling only needs 2,250g seed, saves seed more than 40%, saves direct investment cost and amounts to RMB 1350 yuan/hm
2, add up to the nearly ten thousand yuan/hm that economizes on the use of funds altogether
2.
4, described easy and simple to handle, abridged edition saving of labor is owing to having adopted seedling growth paper tube to be combined into pot for growing seedlings, will alms bowl processed, the whole suitability for industrialized production of filling substrate, omitted the artificial spade of traditional soil property nutritive cube dig ground preparing nursery bed, join fertilizer, spread fertilizer over the fields the anti-soil insect of agricultural chemicals and bore broken earthen bowl, spraying pesticide control seedling diseases of cotton, a series of onerous toils such as alms bowl pendulum alms bowl processed, combination pot for growing seedlings is as long as directly sowing watering insulation is grown seedlings, simple to operate, convenient management, it is fast that combination paper web pot for growing seedlings has charging, sowing is fast, transplant fast, worker employed in a plant nursery is few, cost is low, compare with other containers for plant growth of filling soil, the light ground mass of straw bulking is drawn materials easily, lightweight, matrix is through high-temperature sterilization, cotton seedling is disease-free, during transplanting, need not water and execute normal root water, saving water resource and the energy.
5, described in, be conducive to cultivate strong sprout, owing to having adopted seedling growth paper tube to be combined into pot for growing seedlings, the matrix of new soilless-cultivated seedling has been passed through the operations such as sterilization and has been processed in expanded and process, blocked the propagation of soil-borne disease bacterium, can save the spending of seedbed diseases prevention recruitment and agricultural chemicals, reduce the pollution of agricultural chemicals to environment simultaneously.
6, describedly realize Cotton Production scale owing to having adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings; can produce in the anniversary; combination pot for growing seedlings is made to finished product; because it is lightweight, several paper pots are combined into a seedling-cultivating tray, can multi-layer stacking; for depositing in the warehouse condition of providing convenience; thereby realize industrial and annual, produce, make finished product and be also convenient to long distance transportation, apply rapidly.
Tradition soil property nutritive cube can only now-making-now-using, can not deposit, can not pile, and heavier, be not easy to again transportation, other loose container for plant growth filled after matrix at all cannot pile, deposit and transport, so also can only now broadcast existing use, not only work efficiency is low, and has limited enlarged reproduction.
7, describedly can save the occupation of land of growing seedlings, the combination paper pot seedling raising and transplanting of growing seedlings is an advanced technology that improves output of cotton, and take light-duty is main body, convenient transportation, between paper web and paper web, near gapless, the floor space of growing seedlings is little, and unit are nursery output is high, when carrying, field planting, seedling alms bowl can not break, and seedling can not damage, and after field planting, paper pot is easy to separately, become separately independently seedling alms bowl, do not produce and interact; The kind of paper pot and size variation, can meet various places cultivation custom, and paper pot has good wet strength, anti-corrosive properties; gas permeability, water penetration, root system penetrability is strong, is conducive to cotton growth; grow seedlings protection ground of saving, can improve the unit seedbed number of emerging, and saves seedling cost.
8, described cotton seedling resistance strengthens, owing to having adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, be not subject to transplant the impact of ground herbicide spraying, now, cotton planting is all to adopt no-tillage cultivation substantially, no-tillage cultivation can not be eliminated weeds, so, before cotton transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops, generally need spray steriland herbicide in land for growing field crops, the root system of tradition soil property nutrition pot cotton seedling has grown in a large number alms bowl body when transplanting, these root systems that grow earthen bowl outside are subject to the weed killer herbicide murder by poisoning of pedo relict and stop growing even dead after planting land for growing field crops, cause soil property nutrition pot cotton seedling to plant into land for growing field crops seedling-slowing stage longer, survival rate is not high.Cotton shoot root in this method is the leg protection that is subject to paper web; cultivation is behind land for growing field crops; though be also in herbicide residue in the phase, root system does not touch the soil of residual weed killer herbicide, As time goes on; weed killer herbicide residual in soil is degraded; cotton shoot root system starts, through the paper web wall lower soil of pricking safely, to avoid the impact of weed killer herbicide, does not produce slow seedling phenomenon; resistance strengthens, and cotton is early planted and can early send out.
9, described straw swelling, initiative Novel seedling raising matrix, owing to having adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, straw is rubbed and is pulverized expanding treatment process, is the process of a high-temperature instantaneous: straw is in high temperature (110～200 ℃) high pressure (25～100kg/cm
2) and the environment of high shear force, high-moisture in, by mixed, modified, intensification, supercharging, slaking continuously, extrude nib and step-down suddenly, material is by expanded, dehydration, cooling, produces short texture, porous, crisp puff; During extrusion, maximum temperature can reach 130 ℃～160 ℃; High temperature thoroughly killing pathogenic bacteria, microorganism, worm's ovum, weed seed, is conducive to cultivate strong sprout, reduces the use of the agricultural chemicals of growing seedlings, and is conducive to environmental protection.Stalk, after expanding treatment, becomes soft meticulous, is silk flosssilk wadding shape, weight saving, be only traditional stack retting Treating straw heavy 1/15, soil property nutritive cube heavy 1/30, and hole increases, there is good gas phase, water, solid phase condition, can offer a control environment of crop root growth, by this matrix or other matrix of blending, cultivate cotton seedling, well developed root system, Miao Qimiao is strong, is convenient to the operation of seedling raising process flow process, is more applicable to cotton cotton mechanization seedling raising and transplanting.Straw bulking is to use straw bulking machined, higher than method work efficiency such as traditional stack rettings, the left and right of can production high-quality straw substrate 40 raming the loose soil with a stone-roller after sowing per hour, the large-scale place that does not need traditional stack retting Treating straw to use, light ground mass is planted land for growing field crops with cotton seedling, can also play chesson, increase soil porosity, prevent from hardening, the effect of culture fertility, is a kind of high-quality bio-organic fertilizer.
The combination paper pot of growing seedlings is filled light ground mass and is grown seedlings, and cotton shoot root system is closely combined together to form firm and whippy root ball with light ground mass, can keep long-distance transport and loose group.Greatly reduce shipment, the loss of unloading.Light ground mass has good water retention property, the comparable cave of the cotton seedling survival period dish seedling not watering extends 30 days, and light ground mass weight is low weight, with isometric puffed base, is equivalent to 1/30 of soil property nutritive cube, can greatly reduce freight, be applicable to very much Mechanization sowing and grow seedlings and transplant.
10, described raising utilization rate of fertilizer, drought resistance strengthen, owing to having adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, because matrix itself has certain moisture capacity, can prevent that cotton seedling from planting behind land for growing field crops because long period arid is withered, improve survival rate, guarantee cotton seedling normal growth growth.In matrix, added starch grafting type high molecular polymer, can play allowing fertilizer slow release, to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, performance fertilizer long-acting, and increase the water retention property of matrix.
11, described environmentally safe, owing to having adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, described environment friendly and pollution-free, combination is grown seedlings after paper pot is planted soil with cotton seedling and is rotted voluntarily gradually, to soil, environmental nonpollution.Even if some inorganic matrixes can not rot for the moment, but also spoiled soil not, on the contrary to implementing no-tillage and use the soil that chemical fertilizer more and more hardens can play loose effect due to long-term.Straw substrate belongs to zero-emission in the process of processing and fabricating, environmentally safe.Plant in soil, surpass 45 days paper pots and rot voluntarily, pollution-free to soil noresidue.
12, described economical character can meet the requirement that agricultural machinery uses, owing to having adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, flexible, is not having condition to use the place of machine sowing also can adopt artificial seeding; Do not have condition to use the place of transplanter can adopt artificial transplanting yet; Not having greenhouse also can carry out the little shed insulation of plastic film grows seedlings; In the place that there is no a light ground mass, also can in combination paper pot, fill fine earth seeding and seedling raising.
13, described of many uses, owing to having adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, described wide scope, this method is not only applied on raising seedling of cotton, can also be cereal crops, economic crops, forestry nursery stock, vegetable or flower, tobacco leaf, beet, gardening, the field extensive use of dry crop seedling raising and transplanting.
14, described practical, owing to having adopted combination paper web pot for growing seedlings, described to realize this method investment not high, only need stalk harvester, pulverize bulking machine, stalk processing place and warehouse, paper web seedling alms bowl maker, matrix filling machine, sower, seedling cultivation greenhouse, transplanter, realizing matching of agricultural machinery and agriculture, is a kind of realistic plan, and the larger practical value of tool and wide application prospect.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating concrete operation method of the present invention, not as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
1, make internal diameter 3cm, thickness 0.05cm, high 10cm seedling growth paper tube, bondingly becomes one 400 paper pots of growing seedlings to combine by paper web and paper web are mutual.
2, crop stalk is rubbed and is ground into the particle that 0.1cm～2cm differs in size, send into and in stalks bulking machine, carry out expanded pulverizing.
3, the straw of pulverizing expanding treatment of learning from else's experience is joined xanthans by weight 1% ratio, then sends in charger, with charger, evenly adds in a cave of growing seedlings, and adds to one one-tenth, pot for growing seedlings cave and stops when dark.
4, the learn from else's experience straw of pulverizing expanding treatment matches well and grows seedlings with perlite by the volume of 7: 3, by the weight ratio of this preparation matrix 1%, add the special-purpose short root manure 0.5%FA of raising seedling of cotton and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% matrix wetting agent, send in charger, with charger, substrate material is added in seedling-cultivating tray cylinder cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, while adding to from cylinder 1cm suitable for reading, stops.
5, the seedling-cultivating tray that has filled up matrix is placed on sower, with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, pours in sower and sow, seed of every bunch planting, with identical matrix lid kind, lid kind of thickness is 0.5～1cm, moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse watering insulation and grows seedlings
6, the cotton seedling that reaches transplanting standard is taken out together with the paper pot composite entity of growing seedlings, put on fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field.
7, cotton seedling is placed on transplanter and is transplanted.
Embodiment 2
1, make the high 13cm seedling growth paper tube of internal diameter 2cm, by the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes 400 caves of paper web and paper web, hold with hardboard pot for growing seedlings bottom, the size of supporting plate is equal to seedling-cultivating tray, and supporting plate face is punchinged 400, and aperture is not less than 1mm, so that excessive moisture in eliminating paper pot, paper web combination pot for growing seedlings surrounding is used with hardboard and is gone along with sb. to guard him, and hardboard is high than paper web high 1cm suitable for reading, prevents that the finished product seedling-cultivating tray of populated matrix from being damaged by pressure distortion in warehousing and transportation.
2, crop stalk is rubbed and is ground into the particle that 0.1cm～5cm differs in size, send into and in stalks bulking machine, carry out expanded pulverizing.
3, the learn from else's experience straw of pulverizing expanding treatment matches well and grows seedlings with vermiculite by the volume of 1: 1, weight ratio by this preparation matrix 1% adds biological organic fertilizer and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% clorox, send in charger, with charger, substrate material is added in seedling-cultivating tray cylinder cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, while adding to from cylinder 1cm suitable for reading, stops.
4,5, the seedling-cultivating tray that has filled up matrix is placed on sower, with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, pours in sower and sow, seed of every bunch planting, with identical matrix lid kind, lid kind of thickness is 0.5～1cm, moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse watering insulation and grows seedlings
5, the cotton seedling that reaches transplanting standard is gone out together with seedling dish whole disc picking, put on fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field.
6, cotton seedling whole disc picking is gone out, be placed on transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 3
1, make internal diameter 5cm, high 15cm seedling growth paper tube, by the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes of paper web and paper web, holds with hardboard bottom pot for growing seedlings.Paper web combination seedling-cultivating tray surrounding is used with hardboard and is gone along with sb. to guard him, go along with sb. to guard him the high 1cm of hardboard aspect ratio paper web seedling-cultivating tray of surrounding, be convenient to populated substrate seedling dish finished product and pile up layer and pile up, the finished product seedling-cultivating tray that prevents populated matrix is damaged by pressure distortion in warehousing and transportation.
2, get and grow seedlings with the peat composed of rotten mosses, by the weight ratio of the peat composed of rotten mosses 1%, add the special-purpose short root manure of raising seedling of cotton and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% matrix wetting agent, send in charger, with charger, substrate material is added in pot for growing seedlings cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, while adding to from cylinder 1cm suitable for reading, stops.
3, the pot for growing seedlings that has filled up matrix is placed on sower, with taperer, by the paper web cutter cave of pressing suitable for reading, the cotton seed of selected sterilization is sowed with sower, seed of every bunch planting, and lid kind, waters, and moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse and grows seedlings.
4, the cotton seedling that reaches transplanting standard is gone out together with seedling dish whole disc picking, put on fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field.
5, cotton seedling whole disc picking is gone out, be placed on transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 4
1, make internal diameter 3cm, high 8cm seedling growth paper tube, by the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes of paper web and paper web, holds with hardboard bottom pot for growing seedlings combination.
2, crop stalk is rubbed and is ground into the particle that 0.1cm～5cm differs in size, send into and in stalks bulking machine, carry out expanded pulverizing.
3, the fine earth that takes a morsel, dries or air-dry, and the 40-100 order that sieves, adds bactericide, pours in charger, with charger, evenly adds in seedling growing block, and while adding to the high about 10mm in cave, pier is real stops.
4, add puffing straw matrix, limit edged upset pier is real, while adding to from paper web cave mouth 1cm, stops.
5, the seedling growing block of having filled up matrix is placed on sower, with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, with sower, sows, seed of every bunch planting, lid kind, waters, and moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse and grows seedlings.
6, the cotton seedling that reaches transplanting standard is taken out together with seedling dish monoblock, put on fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field.
7, cotton seedling monoblock is taken out, be placed on transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 5
1, make internal diameter 3cm, high 6cm seedling growth paper tube, by the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes of paper web and paper web, holds with hardboard bottom pot for growing seedlings.
2, get and grow seedlings with perlite, by the weight ratio of matrix 1%, add the special-purpose short root manure of raising seedling of cotton and 0.5% starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% clorox, send in charger, with charger, substrate material is added in pot for growing seedlings cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, while adding to from cylinder 1cm suitable for reading, stops.
3, the combination pot for growing seedlings that has filled up matrix is placed on sower, with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, with sower, sows, seed of every bunch planting, lid kind, waters, and moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse and grows seedlings.
4, the cotton seedling that reaches transplanting standard is taken out together with seedling dish monoblock, put on fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field.
5, cotton seedling monoblock is taken out, be placed on transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 6
1, make internal diameter 3cm, high 12cm seedling growth paper tube, by the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes of paper web and paper web, holds with hardboard bottom pot for growing seedlings.
2, get and grow seedlings with vermiculite, by the weight ratio of matrix 1%, add the special-purpose short root manure of raising seedling of cotton and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% clorox, send in charger, with charger, substrate material is added in seedling-cultivating tray cylinder cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, while adding to from cylinder 1cm suitable for reading, stops.
3, the combination pot for growing seedlings that has filled up matrix is placed on sower, with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, with sower, sows, seed of every bunch planting, lid kind, waters, and moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse and grows seedlings.
4, the cotton seedling that reaches transplanting standard is taken out together with seedling dish monoblock, put on fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field.
5, cotton seedling monoblock is taken out, be placed on transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 7
1, make internal diameter 3cm, high 20cm seedling growth paper tube, by the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes of paper web and paper web, holds with hardboard bottom pot for growing seedlings.
2, get to grow seedlings and use traditional straw substrate, by the weight ratio of this preparation matrix 1%, add specially short root manure (N10: P of raising seedling of cotton
2o
550K
2o10+0.5%BSFA+0.5%Co5O
47H
2o+0.5Na
2b
4o
710H
2o) and 0.5% starch grafting type water-loss reducer of matrix weight and matrix weight 0.2% clorox, send in charger, with charger, substrate material is added in seedling-cultivating tray cylinder cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, while adding to from cylinder 1cm suitable for reading, stops.
3, the combination pot for growing seedlings that has filled up matrix is placed on sower, with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, with sower, sows, seed of every bunch planting, lid kind, waters, and moves into seedling cultivation greenhouse and grows seedlings.
4, the cotton seedling that reaches transplanting standard is taken out together with seedling dish monoblock, put on fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field.
5, cotton seedling monoblock is taken out, be placed on transplanter and transplant.
Embodiment 8
1, make the high 13cm seedling growth paper tube of internal diameter 2cm, by the mutual bonding combination pot for growing seedlings that becomes 400 caves of paper web and paper web, hold with hardboard pot for growing seedlings bottom, the size of supporting plate is equal to seedling-cultivating tray, and supporting plate face is punchinged 400, and aperture is not less than 1mm, so that excessive moisture in eliminating paper pot, paper web combination pot for growing seedlings surrounding is used with hardboard and is gone along with sb. to guard him, and hardboard is high than paper web high 1cm suitable for reading, prevents that the finished product seedling-cultivating tray of populated matrix from being damaged by pressure distortion in warehousing and transportation.
2, crop stalk is rubbed and is ground into the particle that 0.1cm～5cm differs in size, send into and in stalks bulking machine, carry out expanded pulverizing.
3, the learn from else's experience straw of pulverizing expanding treatment matches well and grows seedlings with vermiculite by the volume of 1: 1, weight ratio by this preparation matrix 1% adds biological organic fertilizer and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.2% clorox, send in charger, with charger, substrate material is added in seedling-cultivating tray cylinder cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, while adding to from cylinder 1cm suitable for reading, stops.
4, the seedling-cultivating tray that has filled up matrix is placed on sower, with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, pour in sower and sow, seed of every bunch planting, with identical matrix lid kind, lid kind of thickness is 0.5～1cm, paper using sealing, deposit warehouse in, outbound after the beginning of spring in next year, is directly placed in greenhouse, and watering can be grown seedlings.
5, the cotton seedling that reaches transplanting standard is gone out together with seedling dish whole disc picking, put on fortune seedling frame, transport to the edge of a field, be placed on transplanter and transplant.
Claims (5)
1. a cotton cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1), internal diameter 0.5cm～10cm is made in the making of combination pot for growing seedlings, thickness 0.001cm～0.5cm, high 3cm～20cm paper web, by paper web and the mutual bonding integrated combination seedling-cultivating tray of paper web, combination seedling-cultivating tray paper web forms 10～2000 of numbers, determine as required the size of combination pot for growing seedlings, hold with hardboard combination pot for growing seedlings bottom, the infiltration eye of 10～2000 diameter 0.1cm～0.5cm of supporting plate cutter, supporting plate size is equal to combination pot for growing seedlings, combination pot for growing seedlings surrounding is gone along with sb. to guard him with hardboard, thickness 0.01cm～the 0.5cm of hardboard, the aspect ratio pot for growing seedlings high 0.5cm～2cm suitable for reading of hardboard or contour with combination pot for growing seedlings, the length of hardboard is with the combination seedling-cultivating tray length of side, combination pot for growing seedlings is not folding before filling substrate, if existing sowing is now grown seedlings nearby, combining pot for growing seedlings bottom and surrounding does not need to set off and go along with sb. to guard him with hardboard, as long as open the folding direct filling substrate of combination pot for growing seedlings, then deliver to sower upper seeding wheel, the shape of combination pot for growing seedlings paper web makes cylindrical, cellular hexagon, square, taper shape as required, have on butt plate sealing or have on butt plate open-ended or without the supreme sealing of base plate,
(2), the processing of straw substrate rubs crop stalk to pulverize 0.1cm～20cm material that differs in size, send in stalks bulking machine, to carry out expanded being crushed and screened into and be applicable to growing seedlings by size;
(3), filling substrate makes the learn from else's experience straw of pulverizing expanding treatment of pot for growing seedlings and by 1: 0.1～5: 0.1～5 volume, matches well treated wood sawdust and grow seedlings with perlite or treated slag or the peat composed of rotten mosses or treated fowl and animal excrement or carbonization rice husk or papermaking offcuts or squeeze sugared offcuts or bacterium slag or coconut palm chaff or reed or bark or leaf or grow seedlings and be made into and be applicable to raising seedling of cotton matrix with vermiculite or expanded ceramsite or foamed plastics or rock wool, it is N10: P that the matrix weight ratio by 0.001%～10% adds concrete component
2o
550: K
2o10+0.5BSFA+0.5CoSO
47H
2o+0.5Na
2b
4o
710H
2the special-purpose short root manure of raising seedling of cotton of O, or biological organic fertilizer and starch grafting type water-loss reducer and 0.1%～0.5% clorox, pour in charger, by charger, above-mentioned substance is added in pot for growing seedlings combination cylinder cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, during apart from cave mouth 0.5cm～2cm, stop adding, upper front cover layer paper, in case matrix is leaked;
(4), sowing sends the combination pot for growing seedlings that fills up matrix into sower, with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, pour in sower and sow, seed of every bunch planting, lid kind, waters;
(5), grow seedlings and send into seedling cultivation greenhouse and carry out factorial seedling growth;
(6), get transplantation of seedlings the cotton seedling that reaches transplanting standard gone out together with seedling alms bowl whole disc picking, be placed on transplanter and transplant, during transplanting, together with paper pot carrying substrates, transplant.
2. a kind of cotton cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described raising seedling of cotton also comprises earth or bentonite by matrix, by the weight ratio of 1% matrix, add the special-purpose short root manure of described raising seedling of cotton and starch grafting type water-loss reducer, send in charger, with charger, earth substrate material is added in seedling-cultivating tray cylinder cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, while adding to from cylinder 1cm suitable for reading, stops.
3. a kind of cotton cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described raising seedling of cotton also comprises stack retting, steam, fermentation process Treating straw by matrix, by the weight ratio of 1% matrix, add the special-purpose short root manure of described raising seedling of cotton and starch grafting type water-loss reducer, send in charger, with charger, straw substrate is added in seedling-cultivating tray cylinder cave, the reinforced abutment pier in limit is real, while adding to from cylinder 1cm suitable for reading, stops.
4. a kind of cotton cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described combination pot for growing seedlings by filling up matrix is sent into sower, with the cotton seed of selected sterilization, pours in sower and sows, seed of every bunch planting, with identical matrix lid kind, lid kind of thickness is 0.5～1cm, paper using sealing, deposit warehouse in, outbound after the beginning of spring in next year, is directly placed in greenhouse, and watering is grown seedlings.
5. a kind of cotton cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, between described pot for growing seedlings, alms bowl body is mutually bonding or contact mutually by attachment.
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| CN103109659A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-05-22 | 石河子农业科技开发研究中心 | Hybrid cotton hole-tray seedling raising, transplanting and seed production technology |
| CN103210778B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-06-04 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Production method of sweet potato sprout |
| CN103477848B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-11-05 | 湖南农业大学 | Cultivation method for concentrated boll opening of cotton in cotton regions of South China |
| CN103755424B (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-04-22 | 界首市联发种植专业合作社 | Special compound fertilizer for cotton seedling-raising nursery |
| CN104429475A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2015-03-25 | 固镇县科茂棉花专业合作社 | Scientific cotton planting method |
| CN105638202A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-06-08 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Novel light, simple and efficient cultivation method for continuous cropping of cotton and potatoes |
| CN106588411B (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-02-09 | 国营全椒县棉花原种总场 | A kind of raising seedling of cotton matrix |
| CN106818160A (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2017-06-13 | 江西省棉花研究所 | A kind of straw berry tomato culturing and transplanting seedlings new method |
| CN108575646A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-09-28 | 庐山市环绿时代农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cotton |
| CN109964602B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2021-10-26 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Salvia miltiorrhiza seedling transplanting method and transplanting device |
| CN111527825A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-14 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cotton sowing method |
| CN115589911A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-01-13 | 内蒙古农业大学（Cn） | Compound transplanting high-yield cultivation method for crop germination accelerating and seedling raising substrate |
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| JPH09308386A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-12-02 | Nippon Beet Sugar Mfg Co Ltd | Paper cylinder filled with molded culture medium for raising seedling |
| CN101379919B (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2011-08-10 | 操宇琳 | Cotton seedling raising transplantation method |
| CN101993695B (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2013-04-17 | 操宇琳 | Cotton transplanting water-saving agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN102204469B (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2013-06-12 | 操宇琳 | Light, simple and efficient cultivation method for cotton |
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