WO2017107313A1 - 一种裸眼3d激光显示装置 - Google Patents

一种裸眼3d激光显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017107313A1
WO2017107313A1 PCT/CN2016/075836 CN2016075836W WO2017107313A1 WO 2017107313 A1 WO2017107313 A1 WO 2017107313A1 CN 2016075836 W CN2016075836 W CN 2016075836W WO 2017107313 A1 WO2017107313 A1 WO 2017107313A1
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Prior art keywords
projection screen
nano
grating
laser
light source
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PCT/CN2016/075836
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱鸣
陈林森
万文强
罗明辉
乔文
黄文彬
楼益民
浦东林
朱鹏飞
Original Assignee
苏州苏大维格光电科技股份有限公司
苏州大学
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Application filed by 苏州苏大维格光电科技股份有限公司, 苏州大学 filed Critical 苏州苏大维格光电科技股份有限公司
Priority to US15/533,322 priority Critical patent/US10725317B2/en
Priority to KR1020177020827A priority patent/KR101901082B1/ko
Priority to JP2017531811A priority patent/JP6513199B2/ja
Publication of WO2017107313A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017107313A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/349—Multi-view displays for displaying three or more geometrical viewpoints without viewer tracking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/1086—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by diffraction only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of laser display, and more particularly to a laser display device that can realize naked eye 3D.
  • parallax The principle of parallax has been discovered for more than 100 years. Although domestic and foreign companies continue to have prototypes of naked-eye 3D display, due to the limitations of image resolution and visual fatigue, the naked-eye 3D display based on the parallax principle has been Failed to really enter the consumer electronics arena.
  • Parallax principles include the visually impaired method, the microcolumn lens method, and the directional backlight.
  • the visually impaired screen or the micro-column lens plate covers the surface of the liquid crystal display LCD, and the angle of view images are separated in space. In optical principle, the image at different angles in space is not unique due to the diffusion of the light source. Therefore, when the 3D image is observed by the human eye, visual fatigue is easily caused.
  • Chinese patent CN20101058659.4 proposes to realize 2D/3D switching by using flexible slit grating, but its display effect is greatly affected by viewing position;
  • Chinese patent CN201320143064.8 proposes a directional backlight 3D imaging system with two projection lenses Combining a directional 3D optical structure to achieve a naked-eye 3D display;
  • the patent US20050264717A1 proposes a 3D display device with a liquid crystal display and a pointing type backlight module, which rapidly switches the left and right backlights, and passes through the light guide plate. The light is focused within a range of specific angles, and a 3D image is formed by alternate projection.
  • the above-mentioned directional backlight technology has high image resolution, it is limited to single-person viewing.
  • Chinese patent CN201410187534.X proposes a naked-eye 3D backlight mode, which uses one or more sets of LED timing light sources combined with a convex lens, a polygonal prism, and a parallax barrier to realize multi-view 3D display.
  • the backlight structure design and precision machining precision are in technology. It is difficult to achieve, and crosstalk of light is easily generated. Therefore, based on the proposed directional backlight scheme, no sample or product of the actual naked-eye 3D display device has been seen.
  • the dot matrix holography technology can provide a large viewing angle and reduce the amount of information, but the production of dot matrix grating pixels has been limited by the technical threshold.
  • Chinese patent application CN201310166341.1 discloses a three-dimensional image printing method and system, which can utilize continuous change. The space-frequency mechanism directly prints a static color stereo image based on nano-grating pixels.
  • Directional backlight display technology combined with directional illumination to achieve 3D display is a new technology that has emerged recently, but the design and processing of the directional backlight of this technology is extremely difficult, and the manufacturing cost is high.
  • a hologram is an image that carries amplitude and phase information. It can reproduce three-dimensional information without any visual fatigue. The stereo effect is independent of the distance of the observer.
  • the principle of holographic display can be summarized as follows: a hologram can reproduce a three-dimensional virtual image or a three-dimensional real image in space. Each point on the hologram transmits information in all directions of the space, and each observation point in the space can see the entire image. Or, the image information propagates through the light field and converges on the observation point. Therefore, in different observation points in space, the entire image at different viewing angles can be seen without interfering with each other.
  • holographic displays have failed to achieve industrial applications.
  • the holographic waveguide backlight structure can realize dynamic color 3D display and has a large viewing angle, and is suitable for use in mobile display.
  • Chinese patent application CN201410852242.3 discloses a multi-dimensional finger-guided light structure composed of nano pixel gratings for realizing dynamic three-dimensional display.
  • Patent US20140300960A1 proposes a directional backlight structure, which adopts a pixelated grating to modulate the outgoing light field distribution, and proposes to use a hexagonal or triangular waveguide structure to couple R, G, B three-color light to realize directional modulation of colored light.
  • Patent US20140293759A1 proposes a multi-view 3D wrist watch structure, which adopts a pixelated grating structure to modulate the light field and cooperate with the refresh of the LCD image to realize the 3D effect display.
  • the structure adopts a hexagonal or triangular waveguide structure coupling R, G, B three-color light, to achieve color display.
  • the waveguide structures adopted in the above patents are all hexagonal or triangular, which is difficult to combine with the current mainstream display modes, and is particularly difficult to apply to a rectangular display such as a smart phone, which is not conducive to industrial scale. produce.
  • Hewlett-Packard discloses the use of an integrated hybrid laser waveguide array directional backlight to achieve multi-view display, a waveguide array to couple red, green and blue light, and a directional output of light through a pixel type grating.
  • the method can realize color 3D display, the image resolution obtained by the multi-waveguide array is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing precision of the directional backlight structure is high.
  • the laser display is formed by scanning the light spots of red, green and blue wavelengths on the screen to form an image. It has the characteristics of wide color gamut, high brightness and large format, which may become an important way to realize large-size display in the future, but currently There is no solution for laser-based naked-eye 3D display. Therefore, there is a need in the industry for a naked-eye 3D display device that can satisfy no visual fatigue, wide color gamut, high brightness, and large format.
  • the present invention proposes a pointing projection screen with a nano-grating structure based on the holographic principle, which is combined with laser display technology to achieve no visual fatigue, high brightness, wide color gamut and large format.
  • the naked eye 3D display device has a pointing projection screen including a nano-grating pixel array, and the multi-view image on the screen is provided by scanning (projection) of the laser light source.
  • the relationship between the period and orientation of the nano-gratings inside the pixel satisfies the holographic principle.
  • the nano-grating pixel array performs wavefront conversion on the incident view image, and the parallel or divergent illumination light forms a convergence view point in front of the screen.
  • the projected laser beam can be directly modulated (scanned or projected), and the pixels of the multi-view image are mapped to the nano-grating pixels on the projection screen.
  • the holographic wavefront conversion imaging is performed, and the viewing angle information is converted into a phase viewpoint, and the different viewing angle images form a set of concentrated light fields (multi-viewpoints), which are combined into a horizontal direction window to ensure mutual inter-image images in space. No crosstalk. Therefore, viewing near the window or at the front and rear positions will not cause visual fatigue and will see a realistic stereoscopic image.
  • a naked-eye 3D laser display device includes a projection laser screen, a laser light source, and three monochromatic laser light sources of red, green, and blue, and a plurality of nano-gratings are disposed on the light-emitting surface of the projection screen.
  • the plurality of nano-grating structures constitute a plurality of sets of nano-grating pixel arrays, each of the nano-grating structures having different periods and orientation angles, the laser light source providing multi-view image pixels, multi-view image pixels and nano-gratings on the projection screen
  • the pixel arrays are matched, and the three monochromatic laser light sources of red, green and blue are respectively incident on the same nano-grating at different angles, and the red, green and blue lines are combined by pointing to the projection screen and in the same exit direction and
  • the overall view image is imaged to form a convergence view, and the different sets of nano-grating pixel arrays have different horizontal convergence view positions, which point to the projection screen and stimulate
  • the optical light source and the three monochromatic laser light sources of red, green and blue are directly spatially modulated to realize stereoscopic image display.
  • the incident angles of each of the monochromatic laser light sources incident on the corresponding one nano-grating are different from each other, the incident angle of the red light source is greater than the incident angle of the green light source, and the incident angle of the green light source is greater than the incident of the blue light source.
  • Angle, the incident angle and position of the red, green and blue laser sources are calculated according to the grating equation and the holographic imaging formula.
  • the viewpoints of the plurality of sets of nano-grating pixel arrays are continuously horizontally distributed.
  • a photolithographic method is used to etch a different nano-grating structure on the surface of the projection projection screen, or a template for imprinting is prepared, and the nano-grating structure is embossed by nanoimprinting to form a nano-grating structure.
  • Nano-grating pixel array is preferably used to etch a different nano-grating structure on the surface of the projection projection screen, or a template for imprinting is prepared, and the nano-grating structure is embossed by nanoimprinting to form a nano-grating structure.
  • the laser light source has a 0-point position at the center of the plane in the X-axis direction, and a plurality of nano-grating structures in the YZ plane at the same position in the Y-axis direction and at different positions in the Z-axis direction.
  • each of the viewpoints corresponds to one image, and the image of each viewpoint is separated into three monochrome images by RBG three colors or other three colors, and the laser light source scans and points to the corresponding color of each viewing angle on the projection screen.
  • the monochrome image is scanned a plurality of times, and three different wavelengths of the monochromatic laser light source are synchronously scanned, and the laser light source of each color is scanned multiple times, and the color stereoscopic image display is generated in the space after being combined by the pointing projection screen.
  • the period and orientation angle of each nano-grating structure are calculated according to a grating equation, and the following relationship is satisfied:
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1 represent the diffraction angle and azimuth angle of the diffracted light, respectively
  • ⁇ and ⁇ represent the incident angle and wavelength of the monochromatic laser light source, respectively
  • ⁇ and ⁇ represent the period and orientation angle of the nano-grating structure, respectively
  • n represents the light wave.
  • the refractive index in the medium is the refractive index in the medium.
  • the pointing projection screen selects a transmissive type or a reflective type according to an incident mode.
  • the metal is plated on the surface of the transmissive pointing projection screen to achieve a reflective pointing projection screen.
  • the pointing projection screen selects a transmissive type, and red, green and blue light are directed from the pointing The same position on the back side of the projection screen is incident, and the nano-gratings distributed on the front side of the projection screen form the outgoing light at the same diffraction angle.
  • the pointing projection screen selects a reflection type, and red, green, and blue light are incident from the same position on the front surface of the projection screen, and the nano-grating pixels distributed on the front surface of the projection screen are formed at the same diffraction angle.
  • Shoot light is incident from the same position on the front surface of the projection screen, and the nano-grating pixels distributed on the front surface of the projection screen are formed at the same diffraction angle.
  • the laser light source when the pointing projection screen selects a transmission type, in the XZ plane, the laser light source is at a position of 0 in the X-axis direction, and in the YZ plane, the three light sources are in the same position in the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis is negative.
  • the laser light source when the pointing projection screen selects the reflection type, in the XZ plane, the laser light source is at the 0 o'clock position in the X-axis direction, and in the YZ plane, the three light sources are in the same position in the Y-axis direction, in the Z
  • the axis is oriented in different directions.
  • the present invention has the following technical advantages:
  • the pointing projection screen contains a nano-grating pixel array, which essentially functions as a wavefront transform imaging.
  • the multi-view image projected by the laser on the screen is converted into a wavefront with a convergence function, and the image undergoes wavefront conversion to the projection screen to form a convergent multi-viewpoint, which is the phase (viewing angle) and amplitude (image) information carried by the spatial wavefront.
  • a convergent multi-viewpoint which is the phase (viewing angle) and amplitude (image) information carried by the spatial wavefront.
  • each wavefront (viewpoint) does not cross each other.
  • Pointing to the projection screen provides spatial information (phase) modulation
  • laser source scanning provides viewing angle image information (amplitude) modulation.
  • the combination of the two has all the information of the holographic display.
  • the observable viewing angle of 3D images can reach 150 degrees or more.
  • the nano-grating pixel array pointing on the projection screen satisfies the holographic principle, and the wavefront conversion and imaging of the light is realized by diffraction on the light passing therethrough, instead of the diffusion type screen of the conventional laser display, therefore, the present invention
  • the nano-grating screen reduces the speckle effect of the laser display while maintaining the advantages of high brightness, large format and wide color gamut of the laser display.
  • the individual pixel size can be adjusted according to the screen resolution. 2D/3D switching is possible.
  • the plurality of viewing angle graphics respectively correspond to the directional pixels to form a 3D image display. If the multi-view image is not a multi-view image, but a single-view image, a 2D display can be formed, and the pixel size can be made small without affecting the 2D image of the display screen. Resolution.
  • the nano-lithography method can be used to etch a directional nano-grating on the surface of the film.
  • the lithography template can also be fabricated by the nano-lithography method, and then copied by nanoimprinting to reduce the screen cost.
  • the pointing projection screen may be of a transmissive type or a reflective type, and a reflective screen may be realized by plating a metal on the surface of the transmissive screen.
  • the pointing projection screen has a convergence imaging function for each view image, and the formed convergence viewpoint forms a horizontally arranged light field or window.
  • the grating period, orientation and azimuth can be calculated according to the holographic principle and the grating equation.
  • the incident angles of red, green, and blue light can be calculated according to the grating equation, and the position can be calculated according to the holographic imaging formula. The calculation is convenient and accurate.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a nano-grating inside a pixel on a projection screen under an XY plane;
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the pixel internal nanograting on the projection screen of FIG. 1 under the XZ plane;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transmission type pointing projection screen module structure in the YZ plane according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a reflective pointing projection screen module in the YZ plane according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure after forming a 3D display device using a laser scanning transmission type pointing projection screen module of the present invention in an XZ plane;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure after forming a 3D display device using a laser scanning reflection pointing projection screen module of the present invention in an XZ plane;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a position of a laser light source placed in a transmissive laser scanning pointing projection screen device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a position of a laser light source placed in a reflective laser scanning pointing projection screen device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a structure of a nano-grating on a projection screen with multiple viewing angles
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a distribution of N*N two-dimensional planes of a pixel array
  • Figure 11 is a nanostructure distribution diagram of a pointing projection screen that achieves a single view convergence
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a laser scanning engine of a naked-eye 3D display device.
  • the 3D display device of the prior art has many problems such as low resolution, crosstalk which is easy to generate light, high manufacturing cost, and inability to realize mass production.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are structural diagrams of a diffraction grating having a structural scale at a nanometer level in an XY plane and an XZ plane, respectively.
  • the period and the orientation angle of the diffraction grating pixel 101 satisfy the following relationship:
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 1 sequentially represent the diffraction angle of the diffracted light 202 (the angle between the diffracted ray and the positive z-axis) and the azimuth of the diffracted light 202 (the diffracted ray and the x-axis are positive)
  • ⁇ and ⁇ sequentially indicate the incident angle of the light source 201 (the angle between the incident ray and the positive z-axis) and the wavelength
  • ⁇ and ⁇ sequentially represent the period and orientation angle of the nano-diffraction grating 101 (the groove direction and the y-axis)
  • n represents the refractive index of the light wave in the medium.
  • the period and orientation angle of the desired nanograting can be calculated by the above two formulas.
  • a red light of 650 nm wavelength is incident at an angle of 60°
  • a diffraction angle of light is 10°
  • a diffraction azimuth angle is 45°.
  • the corresponding nano-diffraction grating period is 550 nm
  • the orientation angle is -5.96°.
  • the grating period, orientation and azimuth are calculated according to the holographic principle and the grating equation.
  • each nano-grating is regarded as one pixel, and after a plurality of nano-gratings with different orientation angles and periods set on a screen surface are required, theoretically, a sufficient number of different viewpoints can be obtained.
  • the control of color and gray scale enables 3D display of naked eyes under multiple viewing angles.
  • the viewing angle of the plurality of pixel arrays is between plus and minus 90 degrees.
  • the wavelengths of the corresponding nano-gratings may be different for the light sources of different wavelengths.
  • the diffraction angles of the three beams of R, G, and B must be different, that is, three beams of R, G, and B. Not in the same focus.
  • the key to solving the above technical problem is to make the three RGB colors (or other three colors) form the same diffraction angle and the same spatial viewpoint by pointing to the projection screen module.
  • the three colors of RGB (or other three colors) in the present invention are incident at a specific angle and position to the projection screen to form viewpoints (convergence points) having the same position in the light field of different wavelengths.
  • the RGB wavelength is projected at the same position on the screen, and the color synthesis of the 3D image is formed by spatial multiplexing of the nano grating.
  • the angle between the incident ray and the normal to the plane of the projection screen is the incident angle, and the incident angle ranges from 0 degrees to 90 degrees.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the transmission type pointing projection screen module structure in the YZ plane according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pointing projection screen 306 having a nano-diffraction grating pixel, a red light source 301, a green light source 302, and a blue light source 303 are included. Among them, under the YZ plane, the three light sources are at different positions in the Z-axis direction.
  • Red light source 301 green light source 302, blue light
  • the light source 303 is incident on a nano-diffraction grating pixel 305 directed onto the projection screen 306 at different incident angles, and is diffracted by the nano-grating pixel 305 to form a diffracted optical path 304 having the same diffraction angle.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reflective pointing projection screen module in the YZ plane according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pointing projection screen 306 having a nano-diffraction grating pixel, a red light source 401, a green light source 402, and a blue light source 403 are included.
  • the three light sources are at different positions in the Z-axis direction.
  • the red light source 401, the green light source 402, and the blue light source 403 are incident on a nano-diffraction grating pixel 305 directed onto the projection screen 306 at different incident angles, and are diffracted by the nano-grating pixels 305 to form diffraction having the same diffraction angle.
  • Light path 404 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reflective pointing projection screen module in the YZ plane according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a pointing projection screen 306 having a nano-diffraction grating pixel, a red light source 401, a green light source
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the 3D display device is formed by using the laser scanning transmission type pointing projection screen module of the present invention.
  • the 3D display device includes a pointing light projection screen 306 having nano-grating pixels, RGB (or other three colors) three kinds of light sources (not shown) as described above.
  • the laser source is at 0 o'clock in the X-axis direction (0 point in the center of the plane), and in the YZ plane, the three sources are in the same position in the Y-axis direction, in the negative direction of the Z-axis (in the direction perpendicular to the exit surface) The direction is positive) in different positions.
  • the pixels 501a-501c, 502a-502c, 503a-503c, and 504a-504c pointing to the projection screen 306 correspond to the viewpoint 1, the viewpoint 2, the viewpoint 3, and the viewpoint 4, respectively, so that four viewing angles can be realized.
  • the viewpoint of the image is separated, and each viewpoint corresponds to one image.
  • the image of each viewpoint is separated into three monochrome images by RBG three colors (or other three colors).
  • the monochrome laser light source 510 scans a single color pointing to the corresponding color of each viewing angle on the projection screen 306.
  • the image is scanned a total of 4 times, for example, scanning pixels 501a-501c, 502a-502c, 503a-503c, and 504a-504c, and transmitting diffracted light of corresponding viewpoint 1, viewpoint 2, viewpoint 3, and viewpoint 4 to form four viewing angles.
  • Stereo monochrome image Three different wavelengths of laser light source (not shown) are scanned synchronously, and each color of the laser is scanned 4 times, and a color stereoscopic image display is generated in space by being directed to the projection screen.
  • the pixel size of a single image is 800 um, and the current stage technology can realize 20 um pixel production, therefore, In theory, it is possible to project 1600 viewpoints, thereby forming a realistic stereoscopic image.
  • nano The grating period can be 430 nm, and the diffusion range of the viewing angle image can reach 150° or even higher. According to the grating equation, the period of the nano grating is 430 nm to 650 nm.
  • the number of viewing points on the graph is not limited to four, and may be eight, sixteen or more viewing angles. Continuous changes in stereoscopic images and larger viewing angles are achieved by using more points of view.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure after the 3D display device is formed by using the laser scanning reflective type pointing projection screen module of the present invention.
  • the 3D display device includes a pointing light projection screen 306 having nano-grating pixels, RGB (or other three colors) three kinds of light sources (not shown) as described above.
  • the laser light source is at the 0 o'clock position in the X-axis direction (0 point at the center of the plane).
  • the three light sources are at the same position in the Y-axis direction at different positions in the positive direction of the Z-axis.
  • the pixels 601a-601c, 602a-602c, 603a-603c, and 604a-604c pointing to the projection screen 306 correspond to the viewpoint 1, the viewpoint 2, the viewpoint 3, and the viewpoint 4, respectively, so that four viewing angles can be realized.
  • the viewpoint of the image is separated, and each viewpoint corresponds to one image.
  • the image of each viewpoint is separated into three monochrome images by RBG three colors (or other three colors).
  • the monochrome laser light source 610 scans a single color pointing to the corresponding color of each viewing angle on the projection screen 306.
  • the image is scanned a total of 4 times, for example, scanning pixels 601a-601c, 602a-602c, 603a-603c, and 604a-604c, and the diffracted light of corresponding viewpoint 1, viewpoint 2, viewpoint 3, and viewpoint 4 is generated to form four viewing angles.
  • Stereo monochrome image Three different wavelengths of laser light source (not shown) are scanned synchronously, and each color of the laser is scanned 4 times, and a color stereoscopic image display is generated in space by being directed to the projection screen.
  • the number of viewing points on the graph is not limited to four, and may be eight, sixteen or more viewing angles. Continuous changes in stereoscopic images and larger viewing angles are achieved by using more points of view.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the position of the laser light source placed in the transmissive laser scanning pointing projection screen device of the present invention.
  • the grating has different diffraction angles for different wavelengths of light.
  • the red light has a large diffraction angle
  • the green light is second
  • the blue light is the smallest. Therefore, in order to ensure that the three colors of light passing through the projection screen 306 are combined in the same direction.
  • the incident angle and position of the red, green and blue laser sources must be calculated according to the grating equation and the holographic imaging formula.
  • the incident angle can be calculated according to the grating equation, and the position can be calculated according to the holographic imaging formula.
  • Red light 701 (large incident angle), green light 702 (in incident angle), and blue light 703 (incident angle of incidence).
  • Light of three colors is incident from the same position on the back side 704 of the projection screen through the pointing projection
  • the nano-grating pixels distributed on the front side 705 of the screen form the outgoing light 706 at the same diffraction angle.
  • 650 nm red light 701, 532 nm green light 702, and 450 nm blue light 703 are incident at different angles to the center position A (0, 0, 0) of the screen, so that the outgoing light has the same angle of exit, such as exiting to B (0, 0, 3 m).
  • the incident angles of the red light 701 (the angle between the incident ray and the normal of the incident plane) is 60°
  • the incident angles of the green light 702 and the blue light 703 can be calculated to be 45.1° and 36.8°, respectively.
  • the pixel grating period and the orientation angle (the angle between the gate line direction and the x-axis) are 500 nm and 0°, respectively.
  • the positions of the red, green and blue laser light sources must also satisfy the holographic imaging equation, and multiple sets of off-axis formed by nano-gratings formed on the screen.
  • the Fresnel holographic lens is used to image long-wavelength light and the short-wavelength imaging position is relatively close.
  • the position of the red light 701, green light 702, and blue light 703 three-color laser light source from the screen should also be placed from near to far. This not only ensures the color synthesis effect of the three-color wavelength imaging, but also ensures the synthesized 3D image.
  • the trueness of color reproduction For example, assume that the 650 nm red light 701 is incident at an angle of 60°, and its placement position coordinates are (0, 60 cm, 34.6 cm). In order to achieve the coincidence of the three-color light spot focusing point on the same block pointing to the projection screen 306, it is calculated that 532 nm can be obtained.
  • the placement position coordinates of the green light 702 are (0, 60 cm, 59.8 cm), and the placement coordinates of the 450 nm blue light 703 are (0, 60 cm, 80.2 cm).
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the position of the laser light source placed in the reflective laser scanning pointing projection screen device of the present invention.
  • the grating has different diffraction angles for different wavelengths of light.
  • the red light has a large diffraction angle
  • the green light is second
  • the blue light is the smallest. Therefore, in order to ensure that the three colors of light passing through the projection screen 306 are combined in the same direction.
  • the incident angle and position of the red, green and blue laser sources must be calculated according to the grating equation and the holographic imaging formula.
  • the incident angle can be calculated according to the grating equation, and the position can be calculated according to the holographic imaging formula.
  • Red light 801 (large incident angle), green light 802 (in incident angle), and blue light 803 (incident angle of incidence).
  • Light of three colors is incident from the same position on the front side 804 of the projection screen, and the nano-grating pixels distributed toward the front surface 804 of the projection screen form the outgoing light 805 at the same diffraction angle.
  • 650 nm red light 801, 532 nm green light 802, and 450 nm blue light 803 are incident at different angles to the center position A (0, 0, 0) of the screen, so that the exiting light has the same exit angle, such as exiting to B (0, 0, 3 m).
  • the incident angles of the red light 801 (the angle between the incident ray and the normal of the incident plane) is 60°
  • the incident angles of the green light 802 and the blue light 803 can be calculated to be 45.1°, respectively.
  • the resulting pixel grating period and orientation angle (the angle between the gate line direction and the x-axis) are 500 nm and 0°, respectively.
  • the positions of the red, green and blue laser light sources must also satisfy the holographic imaging equation, and multiple sets of off-axis formed by nano-gratings formed on the screen.
  • the Fresnel holographic lens is used to image long-wavelength light and the short-wavelength imaging position is relatively close.
  • the position of the red light 701, green light 702, and blue light 703 three-color laser light source from the screen should also be placed from near to far. This not only ensures the color synthesis effect of the three-color wavelength imaging, but also ensures the synthesized 3D image. The trueness of color reproduction.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a nano-grating structure on a multi-angle pointing projection screen.
  • the laser light source transmits or reflects the diffraction through the pointing projection screen 306, the viewpoint separation is realized in the space.
  • the nano-structures 901 pointing to the projection screen 306 are condensed in front of the projection screen to form different viewing angle viewing windows. As shown, the viewing angle 1, the viewing angle 2, the viewing angle 3, and the viewing angle 4 viewing window are formed, wherein the nanostructure 901 It has different periods and orientation angles and is equivalent to a plurality of off-axis Fresnel hologram structures.
  • the viewpoints of the plurality of pixel arrays are continuously horizontally distributed.
  • the viewpoint on the graph is not limited to the horizontal distribution, and may be N*N two-dimensional plane distributions.
  • the viewpoint formed toward the projection screen 306 is a 2*2 two-dimensional planar distribution.
  • Viewing angle 1, viewing angle 2, viewing angle 3, the focus of the viewing angle 4 is a two-dimensional distribution of 2*2 on the common spatial plane A.
  • FIG. 11 is a nanostructure distribution diagram of a pointing projection screen that realizes single view convergence. Its nanostructure 1001 is equivalent to a single off-axis hologram structure that allows images to be concentrated at viewpoint 1.
  • the pixels on the figure are not limited to rectangular pixels, and may be composed of a pixel structure such as a circle or a hexagon.
  • the pointing projection screen adopts a long rectangular pixel corresponding to the R, G, B sub-pixel size in the liquid crystal screen.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a laser scanning engine of a naked-eye 3D display device according to the present invention, including three different wavelengths of laser light sources R, G, and B, three sets of scanning mirrors 1101, 1102, 1103, and a display screen 1104.
  • the device uses three different wavelengths of laser light sources of R, G, and B, and respectively illuminates the back of the display screen through respective column scanning mirrors and line scanning mirrors.
  • the up and down rotation of the column scanning mirror realizes the vertical movement of the laser light source on the screen, and the left and right movement of the laser light source on the screen is realized by the left and right rotation of the line scanning mirror.
  • the above-mentioned pointing projection screen of the present invention wherein the nano grating pixel can be continuously changed by ultraviolet light
  • a lithography apparatus and a lithography method are described in the Chinese patent application No. CN201310166341.1.
  • the nano-grating can be an embossed structure.
  • a lithographic method can be used to etch a differently oriented nano-grating on the surface of the projection screen, or a template that can be used for imprinting can be passed.
  • the nano-imprinting batch embosses the nano-grating structure to form a nano-grating pixel array to reduce the screen cost.
  • the reflective pointing projection screen can be realized by plating metal on the surface of the transmissive pointing projection screen. And the price and cost of red, green and blue lasers (LD or DPSSL) have reached the application requirements.
  • LD or DPSSL red, green and blue lasers
  • a single pixel size can be adjusted according to the resolution of the screen, and 2D/3D switching can be realized.
  • a plurality of (n) viewing angle patterns respectively correspond to the directional pixels (n) to form a 3D image display. If it is not a multi-view image but a single-view image, then a 2D display is formed, where the pixel size of the 2D image is equal to "n* directional pixel size". Since the pixel size can be made small, such as 20 microns, if it is 9 viewpoints, the size of the 2D pixel is 60 microns, which does not affect the 2D image resolution of the display screen.
  • the direct projection spatial modulation of the projection screen, the beam expander type three-color laser source and the laser light source providing the multi-view image realizes stereoscopic image display.
  • the amplitude information of the image is modulated by the laser source, and the phase (viewing angle) information is provided by the pointing projection screen, and the backlight is provided by the specifically placed three-color laser beam expanding light field to constitute the naked-eye 3D laser display device of the present invention.
  • the stereoscopic image has the same characteristics as the hologram. In other words, from the naked-eye 3D laser display device of the present invention, the three-dimensional image viewed is the same as the actual three-dimensional image, and there is no eye vision generated after long-time viewing. Fatigue is good for vision protection.
  • the image of the present invention passes through the wavefront conversion to the projection screen to form a convergent multi-viewpoint, theoretically, it can reach 1000 viewpoints or more, and each view image does not crosstalk in space, and the viewpoint diffusion relationship between the two is not affected by the light propagation. Therefore, when viewed at different distances, the 3D effect is correct and is not limited by the distance. At the same time, due to the existence of the nanostructure, the observable viewing angle of the 3D image can reach 150 degrees or more. Depending on the way of incidence, the pointing projection screen can be transmissive or reflective.
  • the present invention discloses a naked-eye 3D display device using a pixelated pointing projection screen and using the pointing projection screen.
  • using RBG (or other three colors) three
  • the color light source is incident on a pointing projection screen with nano-grating pixels at a specific angle and position to form the same outgoing light field.
  • RGB or other three colors
  • the 3D display device with the viewpoint pointing to the function screen has the advantage of viewing without visual fatigue.

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Abstract

一种裸眼3D显示装置，包括指向投影屏幕(306)、激光器光源(510)及红、绿、蓝三个单色激光光源(301，302，303)。利用三个单色激光光源以特定角度和位置入射在具有纳米光栅像素（305）的指向投影屏幕（306）上，形成相同出射光场，激光器光源(510)提供多视角图像像素，多视角图像像素与指向投影屏幕（306）上的纳米光栅像素阵列匹配，通过直接对激光投射光的空间调制，实现了彩色3D显示，且各视点间无串扰，该裸眼3D显示装置观看无视觉疲劳、成本低。

Description

一种裸眼3D激光显示装置
本申请要求于2015年12月22日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510969723.7、发明名称为“一种裸眼3D激光显示装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及激光显示领域，尤其涉及一种可以实现裸眼3D的激光显示装置。
背景技术
视差原理的发现已有一百多年，虽然国内外企业不断有裸眼3D显示的样机展示，但由于受图像分辨率较低和易产生视觉疲劳等问题的制约，基于视差原理的裸眼3D显示一直未能真正进入消费电子领域。视差原理包括视障法、微柱透镜法和指向性背光源。视障屏或微柱透镜板覆盖在液晶显示LCD表面，将不同视角图像在空间实现角度分离。光学原理上，由于光源扩散作用，在空间不同角度上的图像并不唯一，因此，在人眼观察3D图像时，易引起视觉疲劳。
中国专利CN20101058659.4，提出利用柔性狭缝光栅实现2D/3D切换，但其显示效果受观看位置影响较大；中国专利CN201320143064.8提出了一种指向性背光3D成像***，采用两个投影镜头结合指向性3D光学结构，实现裸眼3D显示；专利US20050264717A1提出了一种带有液晶显示和指向型背光模组的3D显示装置，该技术迅速切换开、闭左右背光源，并将通过导光板的光线聚焦在特定角度的范围内，通过交替投影形成3D图像。上述指向性背光技术虽然得到的图像分辨率高，但却只限于单人观看。中国专利CN201410187534.X提出一种裸眼3D背光模，采用一组或多组LED时序光源结合凸透镜、多边棱镜、视差屏障，可实现多视角3D显示，然而背光源结构的设计和精密加工精度在技术上难以实现，且很容易产生光线的串扰，因此，基于所提出的指向性背光源方案，一直未见实际裸眼3D显示器件的样品或者产品。
点阵全息技术能够提供大视角，减小信息量，但点阵光栅像素的制作一直受到技术门槛的限制，中国专利申请CN201310166341.1公开了一种三维图像的打印方法与***，可以利用连续变空频的机构直接打印出基于纳米光栅像素的静态彩色立体图像。指向性背光显示技术结合方向照明实现3D显示，是近期出现的新技术，但该技术的指向性背光源的设计与加工存在巨大困难，同时制造成本高。
全息图是一种携带振幅与位相信息的图像，能真实再现三维信息，且不产生视觉疲劳，立体效果与观察者的距离无关。全息显示的原理可概括为:全息图可在空间再现三维虚像或者三维实像，全息图上的每一点均在向空间各个方向传输信息，空间中的每个观察点均可看到整幅图像。或者说，图像信息通过光场传播并会聚到观察点上。因此，在空间不同观察点，可看到不同视角下的整幅图像，相互不干扰。但是，数十年来，受到全息记录材料、信息量和技术工艺的限制，全息显示未能实现工业化应用。
全息波导背光结构能够实现动态彩色3D显示，视角大，适合应用于移动显示中，中国专利申请CN201410852242.3公开了一种利用由纳米像素光栅构成的多层指向导光结构实现动态三维立体显示的方案。专利US20140300960A1提出了一种指向性背光源结构，采用像素化光栅调制出射光场分布，同时提出采用六边形或者三角形波导结构耦合R、G、B三色光，实现彩色光的定向调制。专利US20140293759A1提出了一种多视角3D手腕手表结构，采用像素化光栅结构调制光场，配合LCD图像的刷新，实现3D效果显示，然而同样，结构采用的是六边形或者三角形波导结构耦合R、G、B三色光，实现彩色显示。上述专利采用的波导结构都为六边形或者三角形，很难与现今的主流显示方式相结合，特别是很难应用于像智能手机这种长方形规格的显示方式中，这将不利于工业大规模生产。
惠普公司在专利WO2014/051624 A1上公开了利用集成混合激光波导阵列指向性背光来实现多视角显示，采用波导阵列来耦合红、绿、蓝三色光，通过像素型光栅实现光线的定向导出，这种方法虽然可以实现彩色3D显示，但是由于采用的是多波导阵列来实现，得到的图像分辨率大大降低，同时对指向性背光结构制作工艺精度要求很高。
激光显示是通过红、绿、蓝三色波长的光点在屏幕上扫描形成图像，具有色域宽、亮度高、幅面大的特点，有可能成为未来实现大尺寸显示的重要途径，但是，目前还没有基于激光类的裸眼3D显示的解决方案。因此，业界亟需一种能满足无视觉疲劳、宽色域、高亮度和大幅面的裸眼3D显示装置。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提出了一种基于全息原理，具有纳米光栅结构的指向投影屏幕，通过特定光源的照明，并与激光显示技术结合，实现无视觉疲劳、高亮度、宽色域及大幅面的裸眼3D显示装置。该裸眼3D显示装置，具有含纳米光栅像素阵列的指向投影屏幕，屏幕上的多视角图像由激光器光源扫描(投影)提供。像素内部纳米光栅的周期、取向的相互关系满足全息原理，纳米光栅像素阵列对入射的视角图像进行波前转换，将平行或发散光照明光，在距离屏幕的正前方空间上形成会聚视点。通过激光扫描(投影引擎)提供多视角图像，可直接对投射的激光束进行调制(扫描或投影)，将多视角图像的像素与指向投影屏幕上的纳米光栅像素对应。本质上，是进行全息波前转换成像，将视角信息转变成位相视点，各不同视角图像形成一组会聚光场(多视点)，共同组合成水平方向的视窗，确保各视角图像间在空间互不串扰。因此，在视窗附近或前后位置进行观察，不会产生视觉疲劳，将看到逼真的立体影像。
根据本发明的目的提出的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，包括指向投影屏幕、激光器光源及红、绿、蓝三个单色激光光源，所述指向投影屏幕的出光面上设有多个纳米光栅结构，多个纳米光栅结构构成多组纳米光栅像素阵列，每个纳米光栅结构具有不同的周期与取向角，所述激光器光源提供多视角图像像素，多视角图像像素与指向投影屏幕上的纳米光栅像素阵列匹配，所述红、绿、蓝三个单色激光光源分别以不同的角度入射到对应的同一个纳米光栅上，红、绿、蓝光线通过指向投影屏幕合束并在同一出射方向和相同空间视点上，将整体视角图像成像形成会聚视点，不同组的纳米光栅像素阵列具有不同的水平会聚视点位置，所述指向投影屏幕、激 光器光源及红、绿、蓝三个单色激光光源直接空间调制结合，实现立体图像显示。
优选的，每一个单色激光光源入射到对应的同一个纳米光栅上的入射角度互不相同，红光光源的入射角度大于绿光光源的入射角度，绿光光源的入射角度大于蓝光光源的入射角度，红、绿、蓝三色激光光源的入射角度与位置，按照光栅方程及全息成像公式计算。
优选的，所述多组纳米光栅像素阵列的视点呈连续水平分布。
优选的，采用光刻方法在所述指向投影屏幕表面刻蚀制作出各个不同指向的纳米光栅结构，或是制作用于压印的模板，通过纳米压印批量压印出纳米光栅结构，以构成纳米光栅像素阵列。
优选的，所述激光器光源在X轴方向以平面中心为0点位置，在YZ平面下，三种光源在Y轴方向的同一个位置上，在Z轴方向不同位置上，多个纳米光栅结构分别对应多个视点，每个视点对应一幅图像，将每个视点的图像按RBG三色或其他三色分离成三幅单色图像，所述激光器光源扫描指向投影屏幕上每个视角对应颜色的单色图像，一共扫描多次，三个不同波长的单色激光光源进行同步扫描，每个颜色的激光光源都扫描多次，通过指向投影屏幕合束后在空间产生彩色立体图像显示。
优选的，所述每个纳米光栅结构的周期与取向角根据光栅方程计算，满足以下关系：
Figure PCTCN2016075836-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016075836-appb-000002
其中，θ1和φ1分别表示衍射光的衍射角与方位角，θ和λ分别表示单色激光光源的入射角与波长，Λ和φ分别表示纳米光栅结构的周期和取向角，n表示光波在介质中的折射率。
优选的，根据入射方式，所述指向投影屏幕选择透射型或反射型。
优选的，在透射型指向投影屏幕表面镀金属则实现反射型指向投影屏幕。
优选的，所述指向投影屏幕选择透射型，红、绿、蓝光从所述指向 投影屏幕背面上的相同位置入射，经过所述指向投影屏幕正面分布的纳米光栅，以相同的衍射角形成出射光。
优选的，所述指向投影屏幕选择反射型，红、绿、蓝光从所述指向投影屏幕正面上的相同位置入射，经过所述指向投影屏幕正面分布的纳米光栅像素，以相同的衍射角形成出射光。
优选的，当所述指向投影屏幕选择透射型，在XZ平面下，激光器光源在X轴方向0点位置，在YZ平面下，三种光源在Y轴方向的同一个位置上，在Z轴负方向不同位置上；当所述指向投影屏幕选择反射型，在XZ平面下，激光器光源在X轴方向0点位置，在YZ平面下，三种光源在Y轴方向的同一个位置上，在Z轴正方向不同位置上。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的技术优势：
(1)指向投影屏幕含有纳米光栅像素阵列，本质上起到波前变换成像的作用。将激光投影在屏幕的多视角图像，转换成具有会聚功能的波前，图像经过指向投影屏幕的波前转换，形成会聚多视点，由于空间波前携带的位相(视角)与振幅(图像)信息的独立传播，各波前(视点)间互不串扰。人眼观察时，不会产生视觉疲劳，且观察的立体效果与观察者的位置无关，有利于视力保护。指向投影屏幕提供了空间信息(位相)调制，激光器光源扫描(投影)提供视角图像信息(振幅)调制。两者结合，具备了全息显示的全部信息。同时，由于纳米结构的存在，3D图像的可观察视角可以达到150度甚至更大。
(2)将红、绿、蓝激光光点从空间以不同角度投射到同一组像素阵列上，利用纳米光栅像素阵列的空间复用功能，将红、绿、蓝的视角图像在出射面合成在一起，这样，只需对视角图像进行亚像素阵列分解，而不需再对颜色做像素分解，保持了3D显示分辨率，形成3D图像的彩色合成。
(3)指向投影屏幕上的纳米光栅像素阵列相互关系满足全息原理，对通过其上的光线以衍射方式实现光的波前转换与成像，而不是传统激光显示的扩散型屏幕，因此，本发明的纳米光栅屏幕降低了激光显示的散斑效应，同时，保持了激光显示的高亮度、大幅面及宽色域的优点。
(4)像素化指向投影屏幕，单个像素尺寸可根据屏幕分辨率做调整， 可实现2D/3D切换。多幅视角图形分别对应于指向性像素，形成3D图像显示，若不是多视角图像，而是单视角图形，则可形成2D显示，像素尺寸可做到很小，不会影响显示屏幕的2D图像分辨率。
(5)既可以采用纳米光刻方法在薄膜表面刻蚀制作出指向性纳米光栅，也可通过该纳米光刻方法先制作出压印模板，再通过纳米压印批量复制，以降低屏幕成本。
(6)指向投影屏幕可以是透射型，也可以是反射型，可在透射屏幕表面镀金属，即可实现反射型屏幕。
(7)指向投影屏幕对各视角图像具有会聚成像功能，形成的会聚视点形成水平排列的光场或者视窗。
(8)指向投影屏幕含有的纳米光栅，其光栅周期、取向和方位角可根据全息原理与光栅方程计算获得。红、绿、蓝光的入射角度可根据光栅方程计算，位置可以根据全息成像公式计算获得。计算方便、准确。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是指向投影屏幕上像素内部纳米光栅在XY平面下的结构图；
图2是图1中的指向投影屏幕上像素内部纳米光栅在XZ平面下的结构图；
图3是本发明实施方式下的透射型指向投影屏幕模组结构在YZ平面下的示意图；
图4是本发明实施方式下的反射型指向投影屏幕模组结构在YZ平面下的示意图；
图5是使用本发明的基于激光扫描透射型指向投影屏幕模组组成3D显示器件之后的结构在XZ平面下的示意图；
图6是使用本发明的基于激光扫描反射指向投影屏幕模组组成3D显示器件之后的结构在XZ平面下的示意图；
图7是本发明的透射型激光扫描指向投影屏幕装置中激光光源放置位置示意图；
图8是本发明的反射型激光扫描指向投影屏幕装置中激光光源放置位置示意图；
图9是多视角指向投影屏幕上纳米光栅结构示意图；
图10是像素阵列的视点呈N*N个二维平面分布示意图；
图11是实现单个视角汇聚的指向投影屏幕的纳米结构分布图；
图12是指向投影屏幕的长条矩形像素对应液晶屏幕中R、G、B亚像素尺寸；
图13是裸眼3D显示装置激光扫描引擎示意图。
具体实施方式
正如背景技术中所述，现有技术中还没有基于激光类的裸眼3D显示装置。且现有技术中的3D显示装置，存在分辨率低、易产生光线的串扰、制造成本高、无法实现大规模生产等诸多问题。
下面，将对本发明的具体技术方案做详细介绍。
请参见图1～图2，图1和图2分别是结构尺度在纳米级别的衍射光栅在XY平面和XZ平面下的结构图。根据光栅方程，衍射光栅像素101的周期、取向角满足以下关系：
Figure PCTCN2016075836-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2016075836-appb-000004
其中，光线以一定的角度入射到XY平面，θ1和φ1依次表示衍射光202的衍射角(衍射光线与z轴正方向夹角)和衍射光202的方位角(衍射光线与x轴正方向夹角)，θ和λ依次表示光源201的入射角(入射光线与z轴正方向夹角)和波长，Λ和φ依次表示纳米衍射光栅101的周期和 取向角(槽型方向与y轴正方向夹角)，n表示光波在介质中的折射率。换言之，在规定好入射光线波长、入射角以及衍射光线衍射角和衍射方位角之后，就可以通过上述两个公式计算出所需的纳米光栅的周期和取向角了。例如，650nm波长红光以60°角入射，光的衍射角为10°、衍射方位角为45°，通过计算，对应的纳米衍射光栅周期为550nm，取向角为-5.96°。由此，光栅周期、取向和方位角根据全息原理与光栅方程计算获得。
按照上述原理，将每一个纳米光栅视为一个像素，在一块屏幕表面制作出多个按需设定的不同取向角和周期的纳米光栅之后，理论上就可以获得足够多的具有不同视点，配合颜色和灰度的控制，就能实现多视角下的裸眼3D显示。多个像素阵列的视角范围在正负90度之间。
然而，具有上述纳米光栅的屏幕在应用到激光显示模组之后，却存在如下的问题：不同波长的光源，对应的纳米光栅周期也会不同。对于同一个指向投影屏幕模组，如果R、G、B三种波长的光源以相同的角度入射，那么R、G、B三束光的衍射角必定不同，即R、G、B三束光不在同一个焦点上。然而实现彩色图形，必须依赖RGB三种颜色(或者其他三色)的搭配。这就意味着在一块指向投影屏幕模组中使用3颜色光源的话，必须使3种颜色的光源以不同的角度入射到对应的同一个纳米衍射光栅像素上。
解决上述技术问题的关键在于，使RGB三种颜色(或者其他三色)通过一块指向投影屏幕模组后形成相同的衍射角度和相同的空间视点。本发明中的RGB三种颜色(或者其他三色)以特定角度和位置入射到指向投影屏幕，形成不同波长光场具有相同位置的视点(会聚点)。RGB波长投影在屏幕的相同位置上，通过纳米光栅的空间复用，形成3D图像的彩色合成。入射光线与指向投影屏幕所在平面法线的夹角为所述入射角度，入射角度范围0度～90度。
请参见图3，图3是本发明实施方式下的透射型指向投影屏幕模组结构在YZ平面下的示意图。包括一块具有纳米衍射光栅像素的指向投影屏幕306、红光光源301、绿光光源302、蓝光光源303。其中在YZ平面下，三种光源在Z轴方向的不同位置上。红光光源301、绿光光源302、蓝光 光源303以不同的入射角度入射到指向投影屏幕306上面的一个纳米衍射光栅像素305上，经过纳米光栅像素305透射衍射后，形成具有相同衍射角度的衍射光路304。
请参见图4，图4是本发明实施方式下的反射型指向投影屏幕模组结构在YZ平面下的示意图。包括一块具有纳米衍射光栅像素的指向投影屏幕306、红光光源401、绿光光源402、蓝光光源403。其中在YZ平面下，三种光源在Z轴方向的不同位置上。红光光源401、绿光光源402、蓝光光源403以不同的入射角度入射到指向投影屏幕306上面的一个纳米衍射光栅像素305上，经过纳米光栅像素305反射衍射后，形成具有相同衍射角度的衍射光路404。
请参见图5，图5是使用本发明的基于激光扫描透射型指向投影屏幕模组组成3D显示器件之后的结构在XZ平面下的示意图。该3D显示器件包括如上所述的一块具有纳米光栅像素的指向投影屏幕306、RGB(或者其他三色)三种光源(图中未画出)。其中激光器光源在X轴方向0点位置(以平面中心为0点)，在YZ平面下，三种光源在Y轴方向的同一个位置上，在Z轴负方向(以垂直于出射面指向观察方向为正)不同位置上。以图示为例，指向投影屏幕306上的像素501a-501c、502a-502c、503a-503c以及504a-504c，分别对应着视点1、视点2、视点3和视点4，这样可以实现4个视角图像的视点分离，每个视点对应一幅图像。将每个视点的图像按RBG三色(或者其他三色)分离成3幅单色图像，如图5所示，单色的激光器光源510扫描指向投影屏幕306上每个视角对应颜色的单色图像，一共扫描4次，例如扫描像素501a-501c、502a-502c、503a-503c以及504a-504c，透射产生对应的视点1、视点2、视点3和视点4的衍射光，形成4个视角的立体单色图像。三个不同波长的激光光源(图中未画出)进行同步扫描，每个颜色的激光器都扫描4次，通过指向投影屏幕合束后在空间产生彩色立体图像显示。一般地，对于实际情况来说，假设显示屏幕尺寸为55英寸，观察距离为3m，满足人眼分辨率，单幅图像的像素尺寸为800um，现阶段的技术可以实现20um像素的制作，因此，理论上可以实现1600个视点的投射，从而，形成一个逼真的立体影像。同时，纳米 光栅周期可做到430nm，视角图像的扩散范围可以达到150°甚至更高，按照光栅方程计算，纳米光栅的周期范围为430nm到650nm。图上视角点数不限于4个，可以是8个、16个或者更多个视角。通过采用更多的视角点数来实现立体影像的连续变化，以及更大的观察视角。
请参见图6，图6是使用本发明的基于激光扫描反射型指向投影屏幕模组组成3D显示器件之后的结构在XZ平面下的示意图。该3D显示器件包括如上所述的一块具有纳米光栅像素的指向投影屏幕306、RGB(或者其他三色)三种光源(图中未画出)。其中激光器光源在X轴方向0点位置(以平面中心为0点)，在YZ平面下，三种光源在Y轴方向的同一个位置上，在Z轴正方向不同位置上。以图示为例，指向投影屏幕306上的像素601a-601c、602a-602c、603a-603c以及604a-604c，分别对应着视点1、视点2、视点3和视点4，这样可以实现4个视角图像的视点分离，每个视点对应一幅图像。将每个视点的图像按RBG三色(或者其他三色)分离成3幅单色图像，如图6所示，单色的激光器光源610扫描指向投影屏幕306上每个视角对应颜色的单色图像，一共扫描4次，例如扫描像素601a-601c、602a-602c、603a-603c以及604a-604c，反射产生对应的视点1、视点2、视点3和视点4的衍射光，形成4个视角的立体单色图像。三个不同波长的激光光源(图中未画出)进行同步扫描，每个颜色的激光器都扫描4次，通过指向投影屏幕合束后在空间产生彩色立体图像显示。图上视角点数不限于4个，可以是8个、16个或者更多个视角。通过采用更多的视角点数来实现立体影像的连续变化，以及更大的观察视角。
请参见图7，图7是本发明的透射型激光扫描指向投影屏幕装置中激光光源放置位置示意图。根据光栅方程，光栅对不同波长的光的衍射角不同，相同周期，红光衍射角大，绿光次之，蓝光最小，因此，为了保证经过指向投影屏幕306的三色光合束在同一个方向，红、绿、蓝三色激光光源的入射角度、位置，必须按照光栅方程及全息成像公式计算，入射角度可根据光栅方程计算，位置可以根据全息成像公式计算获得。红光701(入射角度大)、绿光702(入射角度中)、蓝光703(入射角度小)。三种颜色的光从所述指向投影屏幕背面704上的相同位置入射，经过所述指向投影 屏幕正面705分布的纳米光栅像素，以相同的衍射角形成出射光706。例如，650nm红光701、532nm绿光702、450nm蓝光703以不同角度入射到屏幕中心位置A(0,0,0)，为使出射光线出射角度相同，如出射到B(0,0，3m)点位置，假设红光701入射角度(入射光线与入射平面法线的夹角)为60°，根据公式可以计算出绿光702和蓝光703的入射角度分别为45.1°和36.8°，得到的像素光栅周期和取向角(栅线方向与x轴之间的夹角)分别为500nm和0°。同时，考虑到经过指向投影屏幕306的不同波长的光会聚在相同位置，红、绿、蓝三色激光光源的位置还必须满足全息成像方程，屏幕上形成的有纳米光栅构成的多组离轴菲涅尔全息透镜对长波长光线成像位置较远，短波长成像位置较近。红光701、绿光702、蓝光703三色激光光源距离屏幕的位置也应该由近及远放置，这样，不仅保证三色波长成像的彩色合成效果，同时，也保证了合成后的3D图像的彩色还原的真实度。例如，假设650nm红光701以60°角度入射，其放置位置坐标为(0，60cm，34.6cm)，为使在同一块指向投影屏幕306上实现三色光汇聚焦点一致，经过计算可以得出532nm绿光702的放置位置坐标为(0，60cm，59.8cm)，450nm蓝光703的放置位置坐标为(0，60cm，80.2cm)。
请参见图8，图8是本发明的反射型激光扫描指向投影屏幕装置中激光光源放置位置示意图。根据光栅方程，光栅对不同波长的光的衍射角不同，相同周期，红光衍射角大，绿光次之，蓝光最小，因此，为了保证经过指向投影屏幕306的三色光合束在同一个方向，红、绿、蓝三色激光光源的入射角度、位置，必须按照光栅方程及全息成像公式计算，入射角度可根据光栅方程计算，位置可以根据全息成像公式计算获得。红光801(入射角度大)、绿光802(入射角度中)、蓝光803(入射角度小)。三种颜色的光从所述指向投影屏幕正面804上的相同位置入射，经过所述指向投影屏幕正面804分布的纳米光栅像素，以相同的衍射角形成出射光805。例如，650nm红光801、532nm绿光802、450nm蓝光803以不同角度入射到屏幕中心位置A(0,0,0)，为使出射光线出射角度相同，如出射到B(0,0，3m)点位置，假设红光801入射角度(入射光线与入射平面法线的夹角)为60°，根据公式可以计算出绿光802和蓝光803的入射角度分别为45.1° 和36.8°，得到的像素光栅周期和取向角(栅线方向与x轴之间的夹角)分别为500nm和0°。同时，考虑到经过指向投影屏幕306的不同波长的光会聚在相同位置，红、绿、蓝三色激光光源的位置还必须满足全息成像方程，屏幕上形成的有纳米光栅构成的多组离轴菲涅尔全息透镜对长波长光线成像位置较远，短波长成像位置较近。红光701、绿光702、蓝光703三色激光光源距离屏幕的位置也应该由近及远放置，这样，不仅保证三色波长成像的彩色合成效果，同时，也保证了合成后的3D图像的彩色还原的真实度。
请参见图9，图9是多视角指向投影屏幕上纳米光栅结构示意图。激光光源经指向投影屏幕306透射或者反射衍射后，在空间实现视点分离。指向投影屏幕306的纳米结构901各视角图像汇聚于指向投影屏幕正前方，形成不同的视角观察窗口，如图所示，形成视角1、视角2、视角3和视角4观察窗口，其中纳米结构901具有不同周期和取向角，相当于多个离轴菲涅尔全息图结构。多个像素阵列的视点成连续水平分布。图上视点不限于水平分布，也可以是N*N个二维平面分布。参见图10，指向投影屏幕306形成的视点呈2*2的二维平面分布。视角1，视角2，视角3，视角4的焦点在共同的空间平面A上呈2*2的二维分布。
请参见图11，图11是实现单个视点汇聚的指向投影屏幕的纳米结构分布图。其纳米结构1001相当于单个离轴全息图结构，可以使图像汇聚于视点1。图上像素不限于矩形像素，也可以是圆形，六边形等像素结构组成。参见图12，指向投影屏幕采用的是与液晶屏幕中R、G、B亚像素尺寸对应的长条矩形像素。
图13为本发明裸眼3D显示装置激光扫描引擎示意图，包括R、G、B三种不同波长的激光光源，三组扫描反射镜1101、1102、1103和显示屏幕1104。本装置采用R、G、B三种不同波长的激光光源，分别经过各自的列扫描反射镜和行扫描反射镜，照射于显示屏幕背后。通过列扫描反射镜的上下旋转实现激光光源在屏幕上的上下移动，通过行扫描反射镜的左右旋转实现激光光源在屏幕上的左右移动。
本发明上述的指向投影屏幕，其中纳米光栅像素可以采用紫外连续变 空频光刻技术以及纳米压印进行制作，该紫外连续变空频光刻技术参照申请号为CN201310166341.1的中国专利申请记载的光刻设备和光刻方法。纳米光栅可以是一种浮雕结构，在本发明中，既可以采用光刻方法在指向投影屏幕表面刻蚀制作出各个不同指向的纳米光栅，也可以做出能够用于压印的模板，然后通过纳米压印批量压印出纳米光栅结构，构成纳米光栅像素阵列，以降低屏幕成本。其中反射型指向投影屏幕可以在透射型指向投影屏幕表面镀上金属来实现。并且红、绿、蓝激光器(LD或者DPSSL)的价格和成本均已达到应用要求。
本发明中的指向投影屏幕，单个像素尺寸可根据屏幕的分辨率做调整，可实现2D/3D切换。多幅(n)视角图形分别对应于指向性像素(n)，形成3D图像显示。如果不是多视角图像，而是单视角图形，那么即形成2D显示，这里2D图像的像素尺寸等于“n*指向性像素尺寸”。由于像素尺寸可做到很小，比如20微米，如果是9个视点，这样，2D像素的尺寸就为60微米，不影响显示屏幕的2D图像分辨率。
本发明中，指向投影屏幕、扩束型三色激光源与提供多视角图像的激光器光源直接空间调制结合，实现了立体图像显示。由激光器光源调制提供图像的振幅信息，由指向投影屏幕提供位相(视角)信息，由特定放置的三色激光扩束光场提供背光照明，构成本发明所述的裸眼3D激光显示装置。显示立体图像有着与全息图相同的特性，换句话说，从本发明所述的裸眼3D激光显示装置中，观看到的三维图像与实际的三维图像一样，不存在长时间观看后产生的眼睛视觉疲劳，有利于视力保护。由于本发明的图像经过指向投影屏幕的波前转换，形成会聚多视点，理论上，可以达1000个视点或者以上，各视角图像在空间互不串扰，相互间的视点扩散关系不受光线传播影响，因此，在不同距离下观察，3D效果均正确，不受距离的限制，同时，由于纳米结构的存在，3D图像的可观察视角可以达到150度甚至更大。根据入射方式，指向投影屏幕可以是透射型的，也可以是反射型的。
综上所述，本发明公开了使用像素化指向投影屏幕以及使用该指向投影屏幕的裸眼3D显示装置。在本发明中，利用RBG(或者其他三色)三 色光源以特定角度和位置入射在具有纳米光栅像素的指向投影屏幕上形成相同出射光场，通过直接对激光投射光的空间调制，实现了彩色3D显示，各视点间无串扰，此种具有多视点指向功能屏幕的3D显示装置，具有观看无视觉疲劳的优点。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：包括指向投影屏幕、激光器光源及红、绿、蓝三个单色激光光源，所述指向投影屏幕的出光面上设有多个纳米光栅结构，多个纳米光栅结构构成多组纳米光栅像素阵列，每个纳米光栅结构具有不同的周期与取向角，所述激光器光源提供多视角图像像素，多视角图像像素与指向投影屏幕上的纳米光栅像素阵列匹配，所述红、绿、蓝三个单色激光光源分别以不同的角度入射到对应的同一个纳米光栅上，红、绿、蓝光线通过指向投影屏幕合束并在同一出射方向和相同空间视点上，将整体视角图像成像形成会聚视点，不同组的纳米光栅像素阵列具有不同的水平会聚视点位置，所述指向投影屏幕、激光器光源及红、绿、蓝三个单色激光光源直接空间调制结合，实现立体图像显示。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：每一个单色激光光源入射到对应的同一个纳米光栅上的入射角度互不相同，红光光源的入射角度大于绿光光源的入射角度，绿光光源的入射角度大于蓝光光源的入射角度，红、绿、蓝三色激光光源的入射角度与位置，按照光栅方程及全息成像公式计算。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：所述多组纳米光栅像素阵列的视点呈连续水平分布或呈N*N个二维平面分布。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：采用光刻方法在所述指向投影屏幕表面刻蚀制作出各个不同指向的纳米光栅结构，或是制作用于压印的模板，通过纳米压印批量压印出纳米光栅结构，以构成纳米光栅像素阵列。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：所述激光器光源在X轴方向以平面中心为0点位置，在YZ平面下，三种光源在Y轴方向的同一个位置上，在Z轴方向不同位置上，多个纳米光栅结构分别对应多个视点，每个视点对应一幅图像，将每个视点的图像按RBG三色或其他三色分离成三幅单色图像，所述激光器光源扫描指向投影屏幕上每个视角对应颜色的单色图像，一共扫描多次，三个不同波长的单色激 光光源进行同步扫描，每个颜色的激光光源都扫描多次，通过指向投影屏幕合束后在空间产生彩色立体图像显示。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：所述每个纳米光栅结构的周期与取向角根据光栅方程计算，满足以下关系：
    Figure PCTCN2016075836-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2016075836-appb-100002
    其中，θ1和φ1分别表示衍射光的衍射角与方位角，θ和λ分别表示单色激光光源的入射角与波长，Λ和φ分别表示纳米光栅结构的周期和取向角，n表示光波在介质中的折射率。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：根据入射方式，所述指向投影屏幕选择透射型或反射型。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：在透射型指向投影屏幕表面镀金属则实现反射型指向投影屏幕。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：所述指向投影屏幕选择透射型，红、绿、蓝光从所述指向投影屏幕背面上的相同位置入射，经过所述指向投影屏幕正面分布的纳米光栅，以相同的衍射角形成出射光。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：所述指向投影屏幕选择反射型，红、绿、蓝光从所述指向投影屏幕正面上的相同位置入射，经过所述指向投影屏幕正面分布的纳米光栅像素，以相同的衍射角形成出射光。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的一种裸眼3D激光显示装置，其特征在于：当所述指向投影屏幕选择透射型，在XZ平面下，激光器光源在X轴方向0点位置，在YZ平面下，三种光源在Y轴方向的同一个位置上，在Z轴负方向不同位置上；当所述指向投影屏幕选择反射型，在XZ平面下，激光器光源在X轴方向0点位置，在YZ平面下，三种光源在Y轴方向的同一个位置上，在Z轴正方向不同位置上。
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