WO2015099138A1 - 蓄電デバイスの温度制御装置 - Google Patents
蓄電デバイスの温度制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015099138A1 WO2015099138A1 PCT/JP2014/084559 JP2014084559W WO2015099138A1 WO 2015099138 A1 WO2015099138 A1 WO 2015099138A1 JP 2014084559 W JP2014084559 W JP 2014084559W WO 2015099138 A1 WO2015099138 A1 WO 2015099138A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/20—Energy regeneration from auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/32—Waterborne vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/12—Buck converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
- B60L2210/14—Boost converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
- B60L2210/42—Voltage source inverters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power storage device temperature control apparatus and method for a power storage system including a plurality of power storage devices, and a power storage system using the same.
- Some power storage devices have a lower internal temperature and a lower charge / discharge capacity at lower temperatures.
- the internal resistance with respect to the battery temperature of a general lithium (Li) ion battery is increased by about 2.5 times in the optimum temperature state (25 ° C.) and when used at 10 ° C.
- the voltage drop / rise increases during charging / discharging at low temperatures, deviating from the usable battery voltage range, and a predetermined charging / discharging amount cannot be output.
- a predetermined charge / discharge amount cannot be output at a low temperature.
- the first solution is a method in which the temperature of the electricity storage device is set to a predetermined temperature by heating from the periphery of the electricity storage device.
- a Chevrolet Bolt plug-in hybrid vehicle has a battery refrigerant circuit and has a function of heating the battery when the operating temperature falls below the optimum range, as well as merely cooling the battery.
- the second solution is disclosed in Patent Document 1 and is a method for forcibly charging and discharging within a predetermined charging range of the electricity storage device.
- the temperature of the battery is controlled to a predetermined temperature by heat generated by charging and discharging.
- the battery is forcibly charged / discharged to pass a current through the battery, and heat is generated by the internal resistance of the battery.
- the controller controls the refrigerant circuit even when the vehicle is not moving.
- the temperature is quickly and easily raised to the predetermined temperature.
- electric power for the refrigerant circuit is required.
- the battery since the battery can be warmed from the inside, the battery can be quickly heated to a predetermined temperature, but the power stored in the battery by wasting a load (engine output request) is wasted. There was a problem of consumption.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and in a power storage device temperature control apparatus and method for a power storage system using a plurality of power storage devices in combination, power storage that can significantly reduce power consumption compared to the prior art.
- An object is to provide a device temperature control apparatus and method, and a power storage system using the same.
- a power storage device temperature control apparatus for a power storage system includes a plurality of power storage devices including a first power storage device having a predetermined internal resistance and a second power storage device.
- a temperature control device for an electricity storage device for The temperature control device is Between the first power storage device and the second power storage device such that the first power storage device and the second power storage device are connected in parallel via a bidirectional DC / DC converter and a direct current link.
- a bidirectional DC / DC converter provided in Temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the first power storage device; Control means for controlling the temperature of the first power storage device, The control means includes Based on the voltage or current of the first power storage device, a first SOC (State Of Charge; hereinafter referred to as SOC) of the first power storage device is calculated.
- SOC State Of Charge
- the bidirectional DC / DC converter is , Controlling the second power storage device to operate by setting the charging mode of the first power storage device, When the first SOC is smaller than a predetermined maximum value of the first SOC and the second SOC is larger than a predetermined minimum value of the second SOC, the bidirectional DC / DC converter is , Controlling the first power storage device to operate by setting the discharge mode of the second power storage device, The internal resistance of the first power storage device when the load is not connected to the DC link, the second SOC, the voltage of the DC link, and the current on the DC link side of the bidirectional DC / DC converter Based on the error, the flow rate D of the bidirectional DC / DC converter is calculated, and the bidirectional DC / DC converter is controlled so as to achieve the
- the control means is configured to control the second power based on the internal resistance of the first power storage device and the second SOC when no load is connected to the DC link.
- a first output power command value of the power storage device is calculated
- a current command value on the DC link side of the bidirectional DC / DC converter is calculated from the first output power command value and the voltage of the DC link
- the duty ratio D of the bidirectional DC / DC converter is calculated based on an error between the current command value and the current on the DC link side of the bidirectional DC / DC converter.
- the control means calculates a second output power command value of the second power storage device according to a load connected to the DC link, and outputs the second output Control is performed by adding a power command value to the first output power command value.
- the power storage system according to the second invention is: A temperature control device for a power storage device for the power storage system; A plurality of power storage devices including the first power storage device and the second power storage device are provided.
- the power storage system further includes a DC / AC inverter that converts the voltage of the DC link into an AC voltage.
- An electric storage device temperature control method for an electric power storage system is an electric power storage system including a plurality of electric storage devices including a first electric storage device having a predetermined internal resistance and a second electric storage device.
- a bidirectional DC / DC converter provided in Temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the first power storage device; Control means for controlling the temperature of the first power storage device, In the temperature control method, the control means is Calculating a first SOC of the first power storage device based on the voltage or current of the first power storage device; Calculating a second SOC of the second power storage device based on the voltage or current of the second power storage device; When the first SOC is larger than a predetermined minimum value of the first SOC and the second SOC is smaller than a predetermined maximum value of the second SOC, the bidirectional DC / DC converter is Controlling the second power storage device to operate by setting the charging mode of the first power storage device; When the first SOC is smaller than a predetermined maximum value of the first SOC and the second SOC is larger than a predetermined minimum value of the second SOC, the bidirectional DC / DC converter is Controlling the first power storage device to operate by setting the discharge mode of the second power storage device; The internal resistance of the first power storage device when the load is not
- the temperature in a temperature control apparatus and method for an electric power storage system using a plurality of power storage devices in combination, by performing charge / discharge control between the power storage devices, the temperature can be quickly and easily increased to a predetermined temperature. In addition, power is not wasted when the temperature rises. Therefore, power consumption can be greatly reduced as compared with the prior art.
- Soc capacitor SOC
- Socb secondary battery SOC
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the power storage system of FIG. 1 includes, for example, a secondary battery 1 that is a lithium ion battery and has an internal resistance Rb, a capacitor 2 that is a lithium ion capacitor and has an internal resistance Rc, and a bidirectional buck-boost type DC / DC converter (hereinafter, referred to as a battery).
- a DC / DC converter) 3 3
- a smoothing reactor hereinafter referred to as a reactor
- the secondary battery 1 is configured by connecting Nb cells in series and connecting the Mb series circuits in parallel.
- the capacitor 2 is formed by connecting Nc cells in series and connecting the series circuit in parallel with the Mc circuit.
- the secondary battery 1 has a DC link via the capacitor 2, the DC / DC converter 3 and the reactor 4. 8 are connected in parallel.
- the DC / DC converter 3 has a charging mode for the capacitor 2 and a discharging mode from the capacitor 2.
- the DC / DC conversion is performed bidirectionally between the capacitor 2 and the DC link, and each DC voltage is changed by step-up / step-down.
- the operation is controlled by the controller 10.
- the DC voltage of the DC link 8 is DC / AC converted into an AC voltage by the DC / AC inverter 6 and output to the AC load 7.
- the secondary battery 1 is provided with a voltage detector 11 for measuring the voltage Vb of the secondary battery 1, and the temperature measuring device 13 is provided for measuring the battery temperature Tb of the secondary battery 1. .
- a voltage detector 21 is provided in the capacitor 2 in order to measure the voltage Vc of the capacitor 2.
- a current detector 31 is provided for measuring the current of the reactor 4.
- a voltage detector 51 is provided in order to measure the voltage Vdc of the DC link 8. Information on the voltage and current measured by each voltage detector 11, 21, 51 and current detector 31 is output to the controller 10. Based on the input information, the controller 10 performs charge / discharge control unit 40 of FIG.
- the operation mode and the conduction rate D of the DC / DC converter 3 are controlled by executing the temperature control process of the power storage device of FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- the temperature of the secondary battery 1 is controlled.
- the duty ratio of the DC / DC converter 3 is determined by the conduction ratio D.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a control flow of the charge / discharge control unit 40 in the controller 10 of FIG.
- the charge / discharge control unit 40 includes PI (Proportional Integral) controllers 41 and 46, a control function value output unit 42, an adder 43, a divider 44, and a subtractor 45.
- the PI controller 41 generates an output power command value Pc * (kW) of the capacitor 2 corresponding to the load 7 and outputs it to the adder 43.
- the control function value output unit 42 calculates a function value Pct * (kW) of a temperature control function F (•) of the secondary battery 1 which will be described in detail later, and outputs it to the adder 43.
- the adder 43 adds the two input values and outputs a command value (Pc * + Pct * ) as the addition result to the divider 44.
- the divider 44 divides the input command value (Pc * + Pct * ) by the voltage Vdc of the DC link 8, and outputs the primary side current command value Ic * (A) of the capacitor 2 as the division result to the subtracter 45. To do.
- the subtracter 45 subtracts the capacitor primary side current value Ic (A) measured by the current detector 31 from the primary side current command value Ic * of the capacitor 2 to subtract the error value (Ic * ⁇ Ic). Is output to the PI controller 46.
- IP controller 46 controls the duty ratio D of the error value error value based on the (Ic * -Ic) (Ic * -Ic) is DC / DC converter 3 to be 0.
- the primary current Ic of the capacitor 2 is a current on the reactor 4 and DC link 8 side, and is measured by the current detector 31.
- the output power command value Pc * of the capacitor 2 corresponding to the load 7 is controlled by the control amount in order to correspond to the AC-side load current Iac.
- a PI controller 46 that uses the conduction ratio D of the DC / DC converter 3 according to the primary current command value Ic * of the capacitor 2 as a controlled variable. Further, output power command value Pct * obtained by temperature control of secondary battery 1 is added to adder 43 to output power command value Pc * of capacitor 2 corresponding to load current Iac.
- the DC / DC converter 3 controls the primary side current Ic of the capacitor 2 in response to the AC side load current Iac, and the current Ib of the secondary battery 1 is indirectly controlled. Is done.
- the voltage Vdc of the DC link 8 is controlled to be equal to the voltage Vb of the secondary battery 1.
- the output power command value Pct * of the capacitor 2 is generated from the SOC or the like.
- the primary-side capacitor current command value Ic * of the DC / DC converter 3 is obtained from the output power command value Pct * and the DC link voltage Vdc, and the DC / DC converter conduction ratio D is determined as the output of the controller 10.
- the primary side capacitor current Ic of the DC / DC converter 3 flows.
- the repetition of charging / discharging between the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 for increasing the temperature depends on the temperature control function F (•).
- the charge / discharge range of the secondary battery 1 is in the range of the minimum value Socb_Min to the maximum value Socb_Max (%) in terms of SOC. Normally, considering the life of the secondary battery 1, it is desirable that the charge / discharge depth is shallow, and the range is about 10%.
- the charge / discharge range of the capacitor 2 is in the range of the minimum value Socc_Min to the maximum value Socc_Max (%) in terms of SOC. Normally, the capacitor 2 can take a deep charge / discharge depth.
- the internal resistance Rc of the capacitor 2 has a constant Rc ( ⁇ ) because it has little temperature dependence.
- the use range of the terminal voltage of the secondary battery 1 is a range from the minimum value Vb_Min to the maximum value Vb_Max (V).
- the use range of the terminal voltage of the capacitor 2 is a range from the minimum value Vc_Min to the maximum value Vc_Max (V).
- the measured values are as follows.
- Battery temperature Tb (° C.) of the secondary battery 1 measured by the temperature measuring device 13.
- Voltage Vb (V) of the secondary battery 1 measured by the voltage detector 11.
- Voltage Vc (V) of the capacitor 2 measured by the voltage detector 21.
- DC link 8 voltage Vdc (V) measured by the voltage detector 51.
- SOC (Socb) (%) of the secondary battery 1 A voltage table in the table memory 10 m is calculated by using a known voltage table method based on the voltage Vb (measured value) of the secondary battery 1 by the controller 10. The estimation calculation is performed with reference to this.
- SOC (Soc) (%) of the capacitor 2 Estimated by the controller 10 based on the voltage Vc (measured value) of the capacitor 2 with reference to the voltage table in the table memory 10 m using a known voltage table method. Calculated.
- the SOC is estimated and calculated using a voltage table.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the SOC may be estimated and calculated using another method such as a current integration method. That is, each SOC is estimated and calculated based on the voltage or current of the secondary battery 1 or the capacitor 2.
- control rules of the temperature control process are as follows.
- the rechargeable power Wb_charge (W) and the dischargeable power Wb_discharge (W) are obtained from the following equations from the voltage Vb (V), the series number Nb, and the parallel number Mb of the secondary battery 1.
- control law regarding the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 is as follows.
- the electric power command value Pct * is obtained from the following equation as two values: a capacitor charging command value Pct_charge * and a capacitor discharging command value Pct_discharge * .
- min (A, B) is a minimum value function having a minimum value of A and B as a function value.
- Condition C2 Operation under condition C2:
- 3A and 3B are flowcharts showing the temperature control process of the electricity storage device executed by the controller 10 of FIG.
- step S1 of FIG. 3A SoCb of the secondary battery 1 is calculated with reference to the voltage table based on the voltage of the secondary battery 1, and with reference to the voltage table based on the voltage of the capacitor 2 in step S2. Calculate Socc of capacitor 2.
- step S3 it is determined whether or not Socb> Socb_Min and Soc ⁇ Soc_Max. If NO, the process proceeds to step S4 in FIG. 3B, and if YES, the process proceeds to step S5.
- step S5 the capacitor charging command value Pct_charge * calculated by the equation (10) is set as the output power command value Pct * .
- step S6 the DC / DC converter 3 is charged from the capacitor 2 to the secondary battery 1 in the charging mode.
- step S7 the processing of the charging / discharging control unit 40 in FIG. 2 is executed to calculate the energization rate D of the DC / DC converter 3, and the duty ratio is controlled on the basis of that to control the switching operation.
- Control proceeds to step S8.
- step S8 it is determined whether or not Socb ⁇ Socb_Min or Soc> Soc_Max. If NO, the process returns to step S5 to continue the charging mode. If YES, the process returns to step S1.
- step S4 of FIG. 3B it is determined whether or not Socb ⁇ Socb_Max and Soc> Soc_Min. If NO, the process proceeds to step S13. If YES, the process proceeds to step S9. In step S9, the capacitor discharge command value Pct_discharge * calculated by the equation (11) is set as the output power command value Pct * . In step S10, the DC / DC converter 3 is discharged from the secondary battery 1 to the capacitor 2. In step S11, the processing of the charging / discharging control unit 40 in FIG. 2 is executed to calculate the energization rate D of the DC / DC converter 3, and based on this, the duty ratio is controlled to perform the switching operation. Control proceeds to step S12.
- step 12 it is determined whether or not Socb> Socb_Max or Soc ⁇ Soc_Min. If NO, the process returns to step S9 to continue the discharge mode. If YES, the process returns to step S1.
- step S13 the output power command value Pct * is set to zero.
- step 14 the DC / DC converter 3 is set to the stop mode, and in step S15, the energization rate D of the DC / DC converter 3 is set to zero. Then, the DC / DC converter 3 is stopped. After the process of step S15, the process returns to step S1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph of the capacitor SOC (Soc) with respect to the secondary battery SOC (Socb) showing regions of the charge mode, the discharge mode, and the stop mode in the temperature control process of the power storage device of FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- the four two-dimensional planes in FIG. 4 charge mode, discharge mode, stop mode, and charge
- SOC parameters Soc_Max, Soc_Min, Socb_Max, Socb_Min. And discharge are both possible).
- Socb> Socb_Max and Soc> Soc_Max both storage devices exceed the maximum SOC, so the stop mode is set.
- Socb ⁇ Socb_Min and Soc> Soc_Min both storage devices are less than the minimum SOC, so the stop mode is set.
- Socb> Socb_Min and Soc ⁇ Soc_Max the DC / DC converter 3 is set to the charging mode
- Socb ⁇ Socb_Max and Soc> Soc_Min the DC / DC converter 3 is discharged. Set to mode. In the region where the charging mode and the discharging mode overlap, both charging and discharging are possible, and either the charging mode or the discharging mode is set.
- the present inventors performed a simulation for raising the battery temperature Tb from 22 ° C. to 23 ° C. using the power storage system of FIG. The results are shown in FIGS. 5A to 5D and FIGS. 6A to 6D. The conditions for this simulation were set as follows.
- FIG. 5A to 5D are simulation results of the power storage system of FIG. 1, and FIG. 5A is a waveform diagram showing each output power with respect to the elapsed time of the lithium ion battery (LiB) and the lithium ion capacitor (LiC).
- 5B is a waveform diagram showing each voltage and DC link voltage Vdc with respect to the elapsed time of the lithium ion battery (LiB) and the lithium ion capacitor (LiC)
- FIG. 5C is a diagram of the lithium ion battery (LiB) and the lithium ion capacitor (LiC).
- FIG. 5A is a waveform diagram showing each output power with respect to the elapsed time of the lithium ion battery (LiB) and the lithium ion capacitor (LiC).
- 5B is a waveform diagram showing each voltage and DC link voltage Vdc with respect to the elapsed time of the lithium ion battery (LiB) and the lithium ion capacitor (Li
- 5D is a waveform diagram showing each cell voltage with respect to the elapsed time of the lithium ion battery (LiB) and the lithium ion capacitor (LiC).
- 6A to 6D are simulation results of the power storage system of FIG. 1, and FIG. 6A is a waveform diagram showing current per parallel with respect to the elapsed time of the lithium ion battery (LiB) and the lithium ion capacitor (LiC).
- 6B is a waveform diagram showing each SOC with respect to the elapsed time of the lithium ion battery (LiB) and the lithium ion capacitor (LiC), and FIG. 6C shows the battery temperature Tb with respect to the elapsed time of the lithium ion battery (LiB).
- FIG. 6D is a waveform diagram showing the internal resistance Rrb with respect to the elapsed time of the lithium ion battery (LiB).
- a power storage system that uses the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 together is configured, and charge / discharge control is performed between the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 to obtain a predetermined temperature. It is possible to raise the temperature as quickly and easily as possible and to suppress the power consumed at the time of the temperature rise to only the charge / discharge efficiency of the secondary battery and the capacitor.
- the secondary battery 1 that is, for example, a lithium ion battery is used as the first power storage device.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the lead storage battery, nickel / cadmium storage battery, nickel hydrogen storage battery, lithium An ionic polymer livestock battery or the like may be used.
- a lithium ion capacitor is used as the second power storage device, but the present invention is not limited to this, and an electric double layer capacitor or the like may be used.
- the electric power storage system provided with the two electrical storage devices of the secondary battery 1 and the capacitor 2 is demonstrated, this invention is not restricted to this but is provided with three or more electrical storage devices.
- the power storage system may be configured to charge and discharge between each power storage device.
- the power storage device temperature control apparatus capable of significantly reducing power consumption compared to the prior art, and A method can be provided.
- the AC load 7 for example, the AC load 7 can be applied to an AC electric device of an electric propulsion device such as an AC motor of a vehicle or a ship.
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Abstract
Description
上記温度制御装置は、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスと上記第2の蓄電デバイスが双方向DC/DCコンバータ及び直流リンクを介して並列に接続されるように、上記第1の蓄電デバイスと上記第2の蓄電デバイスとの間に設けられる双方向DC/DCコンバータと、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの温度を測定する温度測定手段と、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの温度を制御する制御手段とを備え、
上記制御手段は、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの電圧又は電流に基づいて上記第1の蓄電デバイスの第1のSOC(State Of Charge;以下、SOCという。)を演算し、
上記第2の蓄電デバイスの電圧又は電流に基づいて上記第2の蓄電デバイスの第2のSOCを演算し、
上記第1のSOCが上記第1のSOCの所定の最小値よりも大きくかつ、上記第2のSOCが上記第2のSOCの所定の最大値よりも小さいとき、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータを、上記第2の蓄電デバイスから上記第1の蓄電デバイスの充電モードに設定して動作するように制御し、
上記第1のSOCが上記第1のSOCの所定の最大値よりも小さくかつ、上記第2のSOCが上記第2のSOCの所定の最小値よりも大きいとき、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータを、上記第1の蓄電デバイスから上記第2の蓄電デバイスの放電モードに設定して動作するように制御し、
上記直流リンクに負荷が接続されていないときの上記第1の蓄電デバイスの内部抵抗、上記第2のSOC、上記直流リンクの電圧、及び上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの直流リンク側の電流との誤差に基づいて、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの通流率Dを演算し、当該通流率となるように双方向DC/DCコンバータを制御することで、上記第1の蓄電デバイスの内部抵抗による発熱によりその温度を制御することを特徴とする。
上記電力貯蔵システムのための蓄電デバイスの温度制御装置と、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスと上記第2の蓄電デバイスとを含む複数の蓄電デバイスとを備えることを特徴とする。
上記温度制御装置は、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスと上記第2の蓄電デバイスが双方向DC/DCコンバータ及び直流リンクを介して並列に接続されるように、上記第1の蓄電デバイスと上記第2の蓄電デバイスとの間に設けられる双方向DC/DCコンバータと、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの温度を測定する温度測定手段と、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの温度を制御する制御手段とを備え、
上記温度制御方法は、上記制御手段が、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの電圧又は電流に基づいて上記第1の蓄電デバイスの第1のSOCを演算するステップと、
上記第2の蓄電デバイスの電圧又は電流に基づいて上記第2の蓄電デバイスの第2のSOCを演算するステップと、
上記第1のSOCが上記第1のSOCの所定の最小値よりも大きくかつ上記第2のSOCが上記第2のSOCの所定の最大値よりも小さいとき、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータを、上記第2の蓄電デバイスから上記第1の蓄電デバイスの充電モードに設定して動作するように制御するステップと、
上記第1のSOCが上記第1のSOCの所定の最大値よりも小さくかつ上記第2のSOCが上記第2のSOCの所定の最小値よりも大きいとき、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータを、上記第1の蓄電デバイスから上記第2の蓄電デバイスの放電モードに設定して動作するように制御するステップと、
上記直流リンクに負荷が接続されていないときの上記第1の蓄電デバイスの内部抵抗、上記第2のSOC、上記直流リンクの電圧、及び上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの直流リンク側の電流との誤差に基づいて、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの通流率Dを演算し、当該通流率となるように双方向DC/DCコンバータを制御することで、上記第1の蓄電デバイスの内部抵抗による発熱によりその温度を制御するステップとを実行することを特徴とする。
(2)出力電力指令値Pct*と直流リンク電圧Vdcより、DC/DCコンバータ3の1次側キャパシタ電流指令値Ic*を求め、コントローラ10の出力としてDC/DCコンバータの通流率Dが決まり、DC/DCコンバータ3の1次側キャパシタ電流Icが流れる。AC側の負荷7は無いので、キャパシタ2から2次電池1との間に電流が流れることで充放電が行われ、2次電池1の内部抵抗Rbの発熱により2次電池1の温度は昇温する。
(3)また、昇温中に負荷7が発生した場合、昇温のための充放電を中止し、負荷7に電力を供給できるよう、出力電力指令値Pc*を出力するPI制御器41は、トラッキングによりバンプレスで制御する。
(1)2次電池1の充放電範囲をSOCで最小値Socb_Min~最大値Socb_Max(%)の範囲とする。通常、2次電池1の寿命を考慮すると充放電深度は浅い方が望ましく、その範囲は10%程度である。
(2)キャパシタ2の充放電範囲をSOCで最小値Socc_Min~最大値Socc_Max(%)の範囲とする。通常、キャパシタ2は充放電深度を深く取ることができる。
(3)キャパシタ2の内部抵抗Rcは、温度依存性が少ないためRc(Ω)一定とする。
(4)2次電池1の端子電圧の使用範囲は最小値Vb_Min~最大値Vb_Max(V)の範囲とする。
(5)キャパシタ2の端子電圧の使用範囲は最小値Vc_Min~最大値Vc_Max(V)の範囲とする。
(1)充放電特性(Socb(%)-内部起電力Eb(V)):Eb=func1(Socb);
(2)温度特性(電池温度(測定値)Tb(℃)-内部抵抗Rb(Ω)):Rb=func2(Tb)。
(1)2次電池1の電池温度Tb(℃):温度測定器13により測定される。
(2)2次電池1の電圧Vb(V):電圧検出器11により測定される。
(3)キャパシタ2の電圧Vc(V):電圧検出器21により測定される。
(4)直流リンク8の電圧Vdc(V):電圧検出器51により測定される。
(5)2次電池1のSOC(Socb)(%):コントローラ10により2次電池1の電圧Vb(測定値)に基づいて公知の電圧テーブル方式を用いて、テーブルメモリ10m内の電圧テーブルを参照して推定演算される。
(6)キャパシタ2のSOC(Socc)(%):コントローラ10によりキャパシタ2の電圧Vc(測定値)に基づいて公知の電圧テーブル方式を用いて、テーブルメモリ10m内の電圧テーブルを参照して推定演算される。
(R1)温度特性Rb=func2(Tb)から、2次電池1の温度Tb(℃)での内部抵抗Rb(Ω)を求める。
(R2)上記(R1)で求めた内部抵抗Rbから、最大放電電流Ib_discharge、最大充電電流Ib_chargeを次式より求める。
(R11)キャパシタ2の静電容量をC(F)として、キャパシタSOC(Socc)と電荷量Qの関係は以下に与えられる。
(1)2次電池1のSOCの設定範囲Socb_Min~Socb_Max(%):40~50%;
(2)キャパシタ2のSOCの設定範囲Socc_Min~Socc_Max(%):70~90%;
(3)2次電池1の電圧Vbの設定範囲Vb_Min~Vb_Max(V):2.5~3.5V/セル;
(4)キャパシタ2の電圧Vcの設定範囲Vc_Min~Vc_Max(V):2.2~3.8V/セル;
(5)2次電池1の電圧Vb=950.544V;
(6)2次電池1は、288個のセルを直列に接続し、その直列回路を5個並列にして接続して構成される;
(7)キャパシタ2の電圧Vc=729.6V;
(8)キャパシタ2は、192個のセルを直列に接続し、その直列回路を5個並列にして接続して構成される;
(9)キャパシタ放電指令値Pct_discharge*=150kW;
(10)キャパシタ充電指令値Pct_charge*=400kW;
(11)2次電池1は次式の熱容量Cb(1603J/K/セル)を有する。
2…キャパシタ、
3…双方向昇降圧型DC/DCコンバータ(DC/DCコンバータ)、
4…平滑用リアクトル、
5…フィルタコンデンサ、
6…DC/ACインバータ、
7…負荷、
10…コントローラ、
10m…テーブルメモリ、
11,21,51…電圧検出器、
31…電流検出器、
13…温度測定器、
40…充放電制御部、
41,46…PI制御器、
42…制御関数値出力部、
43…加算器、
44…除算器、
45…減算器。
Claims (6)
- 所定の内部抵抗を有する第1の蓄電デバイスと、第2の蓄電デバイスとを含む複数の蓄電デバイスを備える電力貯蔵システムのための蓄電デバイスの温度制御装置であって、
上記温度制御装置は、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスと上記第2の蓄電デバイスが双方向DC/DCコンバータ及び直流リンクを介して並列に接続されるように、上記第1の蓄電デバイスと上記第2の蓄電デバイスとの間に設けられる双方向DC/DCコンバータと、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの温度を測定する温度測定手段と、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの温度を制御する制御手段とを備え、
上記制御手段は、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの電圧又は電流に基づいて上記第1の蓄電デバイスの第1のSOCを演算し、
上記第2の蓄電デバイスの電圧又は電流に基づいて上記第2の蓄電デバイスの第2のSOCを演算し、
上記第1のSOCが上記第1のSOCの所定の最小値よりも大きくかつ上記第2のSOCが上記第2のSOCの所定の最大値よりも小さいとき、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータを、上記第2の蓄電デバイスから上記第1の蓄電デバイスの充電モードに設定して動作するように制御し、
上記第1のSOCが上記第1のSOCの所定の最大値よりも小さくかつ上記第2のSOCが上記第2のSOCの所定の最小値よりも大きいとき、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータを、上記第1の蓄電デバイスから上記第2の蓄電デバイスの放電モードに設定して動作するように制御し、
上記直流リンクに負荷が接続されていないときの上記第1の蓄電デバイスの内部抵抗、上記第2のSOC、上記直流リンクの電圧、及び上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの直流リンク側の電流との誤差に基づいて、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの通流率Dを演算し、当該通流率となるように双方向DC/DCコンバータを制御することで、上記第1の蓄電デバイスの内部抵抗による発熱によりその温度を制御することを特徴とする電力貯蔵システムのための蓄電デバイスの温度制御装置。 - 上記制御手段は、上記直流リンクに負荷が接続されていないときの上記第1の蓄電デバイスの内部抵抗及び上記第2のSOCに基づいて上記第2の蓄電デバイスの第1の出力電力指令値を演算し、上記第1の出力電力指令値と上記直流リンクの電圧から、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの直流リンク側の電流指令値を演算し、当該電流指令値と、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの直流リンク側の電流との誤差に基づいて、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの通流率Dを演算することを特徴とする請求項1記載の電力貯蔵システムのための蓄電デバイスの温度制御装置。
- 上記制御手段は、上記直流リンクに接続される負荷に応じた上記第2の蓄電デバイスの第2の出力電力指令値を演算し、当該第2の出力電力指令値を上記第1の出力電力指令値に加算して制御することを特徴とする請求項2記載の電力貯蔵システムのための蓄電デバイスの温度制御装置。
- 請求項1~3のうちのいずれか1つに記載の電力貯蔵システムのための蓄電デバイスの温度制御装置と、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスと上記第2の蓄電デバイスとを含む複数の蓄電デバイスとを備えることを特徴とする電力貯蔵システム。 - 上記電力貯蔵システムは、
上記直流リンクの電圧を、交流電圧に変換するDC/ACコンバータをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項4記載の電力貯蔵システム。 - 所定の内部抵抗を有する第1の蓄電デバイスと、第2の蓄電デバイスとを含む複数の蓄電デバイスを備える電力貯蔵システムのための蓄電デバイスの温度制御装置によって実行される温度制御方法であって、
上記温度制御装置は、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスと上記第2の蓄電デバイスが双方向DC/DCコンバータ及び直流リンクを介して並列に接続されるように、上記第1の蓄電デバイスと上記第2の蓄電デバイスとの間に設けられる双方向DC/DCコンバータと、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの温度を測定する温度測定手段と、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの温度を制御する制御手段とを備え、
上記温度制御方法は、上記制御手段が、
上記第1の蓄電デバイスの電圧又は電流に基づいて上記第1の蓄電デバイスの第1のSOCを演算するステップと、
上記第2の蓄電デバイスの電圧又は電流に基づいて上記第2の蓄電デバイスの第2のSOCを演算するステップと、
上記第1のSOCが上記第1のSOCの所定の最小値よりも大きくかつ上記第2のSOCが上記第2のSOCの所定の最大値よりも小さいとき、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータを、上記第2の蓄電デバイスから上記第1の蓄電デバイスの充電モードに設定して動作するように制御するステップと、
上記第1のSOCが上記第1のSOCの所定の最大値よりも小さくかつ上記第2のSOCが上記第2のSOCの所定の最小値よりも大きいとき、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータを、上記第1の蓄電デバイスから上記第2の蓄電デバイスの放電モードに設定して動作するように制御するステップと、
上記直流リンクに負荷が接続されていないときの上記第1の蓄電デバイスの内部抵抗、上記第2のSOC、上記直流リンクの電圧、及び上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの直流リンク側の電流との誤差に基づいて、上記双方向DC/DCコンバータの通流率Dを演算し、当該通流率となるように双方向DC/DCコンバータを制御することで、上記第1の蓄電デバイスの内部抵抗の変化によりその温度を制御するステップとを実行することを特徴とする電力貯蔵システムのための蓄電デバイスの温度制御方法。
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