WO2014119474A1 - シリコンのドライエッチング方法 - Google Patents
シリコンのドライエッチング方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014119474A1 WO2014119474A1 PCT/JP2014/051452 JP2014051452W WO2014119474A1 WO 2014119474 A1 WO2014119474 A1 WO 2014119474A1 JP 2014051452 W JP2014051452 W JP 2014051452W WO 2014119474 A1 WO2014119474 A1 WO 2014119474A1
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- etching
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 229
- XRURPHMPXJDCOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine heptafluoride Chemical compound FI(F)(F)(F)(F)(F)F XRURPHMPXJDCOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 127
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 18
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 9
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 4
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 BrF 3 Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- PDJAZCSYYQODQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine monofluoride Chemical compound IF PDJAZCSYYQODQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CEBDXRXVGUQZJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C2OC(C)=CC2=C1 CEBDXRXVGUQZJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004541 SiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BCCOBQSFUDVTJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluorocyclobutane Chemical compound FC1(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C1(F)F BCCOBQSFUDVTJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019407 octafluorocyclobutane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOHWNGGYGAVMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluorochlorine Chemical compound FCl(F)F JOHWNGGYGAVMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/306—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
- H01L21/3065—Plasma etching; Reactive-ion etching
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicon dry etching method using iodine heptafluoride.
- Silicon compounds are important and indispensable materials in the semiconductor field.
- silicon oxide film as a gate insulating film of a semiconductor element
- amorphous silicon film and silicon nitride film as a thin film transistor
- polysilicon material used for a three-dimensional structure element such as MEMS
- a low power consumption transistor It is used in a wide range of fields such as silicon carbide (SiC).
- SiC silicon carbide
- semiconductor elements typified by transistors included in DRAMs and flash memories have been highly integrated year by year, and silicon semiconductor devices have attracted attention.
- a silicon compound such as silicon is processed into a predetermined shape or removed in a predetermined process such as a final process.
- dry etching has been widely used for processing and removing such silicon compounds. Note that in dry etching of silicon compounds, miniaturization and high accuracy of etching are required, and since the size of a wafer is advanced during etching and the pattern to be formed is miniaturized, in-plane uniformity and The etching selectivity is regarded as an important factor, and in order to obtain high productivity, an improvement in etching rate is required.
- etching gases fluorine-based compounds such as SF 6 (sulfur hexafluoride) and C 4 F 8 (perfluorocyclobutane) are generally used, but these etching gases have a global warming coefficient of several thousand. From tens of thousands to very large, it is becoming a problem as a cause of global warming. In addition, since the global warming potential is relatively low and the reactivity with silicon is high, it is known that it is effective to use a fluorine-based interhalogen compound as an etching agent for etching silicon.
- fluorine-based compounds such as SF 6 (sulfur hexafluoride) and C 4 F 8 (perfluorocyclobutane) are generally used, but these etching gases have a global warming coefficient of several thousand. From tens of thousands to very large, it is becoming a problem as a cause of global warming. In addition, since the global warming potential is relatively low and the reactivity with silicon is high, it is known that it is effective to
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of performing anisotropic plasma etching on a silicon substrate using an etching gas containing iodine fluoride which is one of interhalogen compounds.
- an etching gas containing iodine fluoride which is one of interhalogen compounds.
- electrical damage to the sample due to the plasma is large, and when etching silicon formed in a semiconductor element having a complicated shape, the etching resistant parts such as dielectrics are also damaged. There is a concern that it may give.
- Patent Document 2 a reactive gas cluster formed by rapidly adiabatically expanding an etching gas using a differential pressure between a gas supply pipe pressure (primary pressure) and a chamber pressure (secondary pressure) is provided on a sample surface. And a method of processing a sample surface without causing plasma-less damage to the sample by electrical or ultraviolet light.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a method of etching a silicon layer without plasma using a fluorine-based interhalogen compound such as BrF 3, ClF 3, or XeF 2. It is described that the etching selectivity of a silicon layer to metal or metal silicon is improved by adding a diluent gas such as argon.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method for producing iodine heptafluoride (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as IF 7 ), and describes that iodine heptafluoride can be used as an etching gas. . Further, Patent Document 5 describes that a fluorine-based interhalogen compound is used for etching an oxide or a semiconductor material, but actually using iodine heptafluoride for etching, etching conditions, etc. There is no report that examined in detail.
- JP 2008-177209 A International Publication No. 2010/021265 US Pat. No. 6,290,864 JP 2009-23896 A JP-A-3-293726
- a high-pressure state is achieved by adding a low-boiling gas (rare gas such as argon or neon) to an interhalogen compound (ClF 3 or the like) that is a reactive gas used for etching.
- a low-boiling gas rare gas such as argon or neon
- an interhalogen compound ClF 3 or the like
- liquefaction of the mixed gas is prevented from occurring. That is, it is characterized in that the gas to be supplied is brought into a high pressure state without being liquefied by adding a gas having a low boiling point which is difficult to liquefy to the reactive gas.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in a silicon etching method utilizing adiabatic expansion, the supply pressure of an etching gas is milder than that of the conventional method and the burden on the apparatus is reduced.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a dry etching method for silicon that is free from an increase in apparatus cost and has a good in-plane distribution uniformity of etching amount.
- iodine heptafluoride as a gas component used for etching, which is one of the unique chemical properties of iodine heptafluoride.
- etching gas containing iodine heptafluoride there is no need to add additional gas such as inert gas added to prevent liquefaction at high pressure, and it is mild and low in load on the equipment.
- additional gas such as inert gas added to prevent liquefaction at high pressure, and it is mild and low in load on the equipment.
- the inventors have found that it is possible to easily perform adiabatic expansion under pressure conditions, and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention is a dry etching method for etching a silicon layer to be processed in a processing chamber, wherein an etching gas containing iodine heptafluoride is supplied from a supply source in a pressure range of 66 kPa to 0.5 MPa.
- the dry etching method is characterized in that an etching gas supplied and held in the pressure range is introduced into a processing chamber whose pressure is lower than the supply pressure to etch the silicon layer.
- the etching gas can be adiabatically expanded in the processing chamber depressurized to a pressure lower than the supply pressure, and the etching gas can be adsorbed on the surface of the silicon layer.
- the etching gas contains at least 50 vol% iodine heptafluoride. Furthermore, it is particularly preferable that the etching gas does not substantially contain components other than iodine heptafluoride.
- the ratio Ps / Pn between the supply pressure (Ps) and the pressure (Pn) in the processing chamber is preferably 20 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 9 or less, and more preferably 50 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 7 or less. It is preferable that By using the above ratio, it is possible to more effectively adiabatic expansion in consideration of the burden on the apparatus.
- the temperature of the object to be treated is preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. to 150 ° C.
- the processing object may include at least a silicon layer and an etching-resistant member, and the silicon layer may be selectively etched with an etching gas.
- the etching resistant member is preferably made of at least one material selected from SiO 2 , SiN, and TiN.
- the etching gas containing iodine heptafluoride since the etching gas containing iodine heptafluoride is used, the etching gas can be adiabatically expanded under a milder pressure condition than the conventional method. Therefore, there is no need to set the gas supply pressure to a high pressure condition, and there is no concern about an increase in equipment cost such as load on the equipment or improvement of the nozzle, and a uniform in-plane distribution of the silicon layer of the object to be processed under mild pressure conditions. Can be etched.
- the dry etching method of the present invention supplies an etching gas containing iodine heptafluoride from a supply source such as a cylinder through a supply pipe at a predetermined supply pressure, and further etches the etching gas set at the predetermined supply pressure. It is characterized in that it is introduced into a processing chamber whose pressure is lower than the supply pressure of the gas, and the etching gas is rapidly adiabatically expanded in the processing chamber so that the etching gas is adsorbed on the surface of the silicon layer to be processed.
- the dry etching method of the present invention is plasmaless etching that does not require plasma excitation.
- iodine heptafluoride in the etching gas is adsorbed on the surface of the silicon layer to be etched, and the etching gas components are condensed and liquefied. .
- the concentration on the surface to be etched over the entire surface of the processing object such as the substrate is kept uniform, the difference in the etching rate within the surface is suppressed, and the in-plane variation in the etching amount can be suppressed.
- the gas supply pressure is easily adiabatically expanded under mild pressure conditions (supply gas pressure is about 100 kPa). This is thought to be due to the sublimation property that is the unique chemical property of iodine heptafluoride.
- iodine heptafluoride used in the present invention is manufactured on an industrial scale and can be purchased and used, and is not particularly limited. Further, iodine heptafluoride can be obtained by a conventionally known production method, for example, it can be produced and obtained by a production method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-23896 according to the applicant's application.
- the additive gas is not an essential requirement, and iodine heptafluoride can be used alone, but other additive gases may be added as necessary in a category that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- iodine heptafluoride is contained in the etching gas at least 50% by volume or more, preferably 80% by volume or more.
- iodine heptafluoride is substantially 100% by volume, that is, it contains substantially no components other than iodine heptafluoride. preferable.
- substantially does not contain components other than iodine heptafluoride means that components other than iodine heptafluoride used for etching are not added separately, such as a general manufacturing process of iodine heptafluoride Trace amounts of iodine pentafluoride, fluorine, hydrogen fluoride and the like derived from the raw material mixed in may be contained.
- an oxidizing gas or an inert gas may be added as necessary to adjust the etching performance.
- an additive gas is added, the content of iodine heptafluoride is appropriately adjusted to be in the range of 1 to 100% by volume.
- iodine heptafluoride of the present invention has sublimation properties and is easily vaporized. Since iodine heptafluoride has sublimation properties, when supplied through the supply pipe, the etching gas can be easily adiabatically expanded without being liquefied. In addition, iodine heptafluoride has a very high selectivity ratio against etching-resistant materials such as mask materials when etching silicon due to its chemical properties, compared to existing silicon etching gases. (The details will be described later).
- the object to be processed by the dry etching method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a silicon layer in a structure such as a semiconductor element, but at least the silicon layer and substantially iodine heptafluoride.
- a structure such as a semiconductor element including an etching-resistant member that does not react with the substrate is preferable.
- the present invention can be applied to a processing object made of silicon alone and can be used for surface processing of a silicon substrate. For example, it can be used for forming a trench or a hole in a silicon substrate.
- a silicon layer used for forming a semiconductor element is suitable, and examples thereof include an amorphous silicon film, a polysilicon film, and a single crystal silicon film.
- the etching resistant member is used as a mask for processing the silicon layer into a predetermined shape, or the etching resistant member itself is formed into a predetermined shape such as a three-dimensional structure by removing the silicon layer to be processed. In some cases, the etching resistant member is used as a structure of a semiconductor element.
- the etching resistant member When the etching resistant member is used as a mask, a method of selectively etching the silicon layer using an etching gas using a mask patterned in a predetermined shape on the surface of the silicon layer can be applied.
- the material used for the mask is not particularly limited as long as it does not substantially react with iodine heptafluoride.
- SiO 2 , SiOC, SiON, SiN, TiN, TiO 2 , photoresist, carbon-based material Mention may be made of metal materials such as Ru, Cu, Ni, Co, Hf, Zf and their oxides. Among these, materials such as SiO 2 , SiN, and TiN are particularly preferable (see Examples).
- the material of the etching resistant member is a material that does not substantially react with iodine heptafluoride, and is selected from SiO 2 , SiN, and TiN. At least one or more materials can be suitably used.
- iodine heptafluoride when silicon is etched using a mask such as SiN or TiN, silicon is different from existing gases such as ClF 3 and XeF 2. It has been found that the etching rate mask selectivity is very good.
- Iodine heptafluoride and lower-order iodine fluoride compounds produced after the reaction have higher binding energy than ClF 3 and XeF 2 (see Table 1 below). Although the reaction mechanism is not clear, IF 7 has a high binding energy and is stable as a compound.
- the etching gas In order to adiabatically expand the etching gas in a processing chamber such as a chamber, the etching gas is supplied while being held at a predetermined supply pressure.
- the supply pressure of the etching gas is usually 66 kPa or more and 0.5 MPa, and further preferably 101 kPa or more and 300 kPa or less. If the pressure is lower than 66 kPa, the etching gas cannot be sufficiently adiabatically expanded, which is not preferable. If the pressure is higher than 0.5 MPa, it is not necessary to apply a higher pressure from the viewpoint of the burden on the apparatus.
- the process pressure of the etching treatment is that iodine heptafluoride in the etching gas is usually 1 Pa or more and 3 kPa or less, and further 5 Pa or more and 1.5 kPa or less to provide higher in-plane uniformity. Particularly preferred for obtaining.
- the pressure in the chamber before the introduction of the etching gas is not limited as long as the pressure is within a range where the pressure is reduced by a vacuum pump or the like to adiabatically expand the etching gas, but is in the range of 10 ⁇ 5 Pa to 10 kPa, Usually, it is good to carry out at 1 Pa or more and 1.5 kPa or less.
- the ratio Ps / Pn of the supply pressure (Ps) of the etching gas and the pressure (Pn) in the processing chamber is usually 20 or more and 1,000,000 (1.0 ⁇ 10 9 ) or less.
- it is preferably 50 or more and 10000000 (1.0 ⁇ 10 7 ) or less, and more preferably 50 or more and 10,000 (1.0 ⁇ 10 4 ) or less.
- the above-mentioned range shows that the difference between the primary pressure and the secondary pressure is extremely small as compared with the conventional etching method by adiabatic expansion, and etching can be performed under mild pressure conditions.
- the silicon substrate temperature is usually ⁇ 40 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower in order to make the etching gas come into contact with the silicon layer to be processed and preferentially etch through the adsorption process to the silicon layer, and further ⁇ 10 ° C.
- the temperature of 80 ° C. or lower is particularly preferable for obtaining higher in-plane uniformity with respect to the etching rate (see Examples).
- the etching time is not particularly limited, but is preferably within 60 minutes in consideration of the efficiency of the semiconductor element manufacturing process.
- the etching time refers to the introduction of an etching gas into the process chamber in which the substrate is placed inside the etching process, and then the etching gas in the process chamber is vacuumed to finish the etching process. Indicates the time until exhausting by a pump or the like.
- the dry etching method of the present invention can be applied to a general etching apparatus used in a semiconductor manufacturing process as shown in FIG. 1, and the configuration of the etching apparatus used is not particularly limited.
- the configuration of the etching apparatus used is not particularly limited.
- the positional relationship between the gas supply pipe and the object to be processed such as a semiconductor element disposed in the processing chamber is not particularly limited as long as the adiabatic and expanded etching gas can contact the object to be processed.
- the processing chamber for performing etching using the method of the present invention is not limited as long as it is resistant to the fluorine-based gas used and can be reduced to a predetermined pressure, but is usually used for etching a semiconductor.
- a general chamber provided in the apparatus is applied.
- the supply pipe and other pipes that supply iodine heptafluoride at a predetermined pressure are not particularly limited as long as they are resistant to fluorine-based gas, and general ones can be used.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an etching apparatus used in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
- the reaction chamber 1 is provided with a stage 5 for supporting the sample 7.
- Sample 7 was formed by forming a silicon oxide film (20 nm) on a 6-inch silicon substrate and further forming a polysilicon film (30 ⁇ m) thereon.
- the stage 5 is provided with a stage temperature adjuster 6 that can adjust the temperature of the stage.
- a gas pipe 41 for introducing gas and a gas pipe 42 for exhausting gas are connected to the reaction chamber 1.
- the etching gas supply system 21 and the dilution gas supply system 23 are connected to a gas pipe 41 via a valve 31 and a valve 32, respectively.
- the vacuum pump 8 is connected to a gas pipe 42 via a valve 33 for gas exhaust.
- the pressure inside the reaction chamber 1 is controlled by a valve 33 based on the indicated value of a pressure gauge (not shown) attached to the reaction chamber 1.
- the sample 7 is set on the stage 5, and after the reaction chamber 1 and the gas pipes 41 and 42 are vacuum-replaced to 1.5 kPa, the temperature of the stage 5 is set to a predetermined value. After confirming that the temperature of the stage 5 has reached a predetermined value, the valves 31, 32 and 33 are opened, the pressure of the etching gas supply system 21 is set to a predetermined pressure, and the etching gas is introduced into the reaction chamber 1 through the gas pipe 41. . The total flow rate of the etching gas at this time was 100 sccm. In addition, when supply of dilution gas is required, the gas of a predetermined flow is supplied from the dilution gas supply system 23 as needed.
- etching time 2 minutes
- the introduction of the etching gas is stopped, the inside of the reaction chamber 1 is replaced with vacuum, and the sample 7 is taken out to obtain the uniformity of in-plane distribution and the etching rate. Measurements were made.
- the thickness of the polysilicon film before etching and the thickness of the polysilicon film after etching are respectively measured at a plurality of locations, and the etching amount (etching film) at each measurement location is measured. And the difference in film thickness after etching).
- the etching rate was calculated from the average etching amount at each measurement location and the etching time, and the in-plane distribution of the etching amount was evaluated based on the etching rate.
- the in-plane distribution of the etching amount is the maximum etching amount Max, the minimum etching amount Min, and the average etching amount among the etching amounts measured for the silicon substrate with the polysilicon film (sample 7).
- Ave Formula (1): (Max ⁇ Min) / 2Ave ⁇ 100 (1) (Unit:%), the larger the value, the greater the variation in the etching amount.
- Table 2 shows the results of etching conditions, in-plane distribution evaluation, and etching rate in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the relationship of the in-plane distribution of the etching amount is shown in FIGS.
- the relationship between the volume ratio of iodine heptafluoride and the etching rate is shown in FIG.
- Example 1-1 The etching test of the sample was performed using an etching gas that does not substantially contain components other than iodine heptafluoride (IF 7 , volume 100%, no dilution gas).
- IF 7 volume 100%, no dilution gas
- the supply pressure of the etching gas was 100 Pa
- the etching process pressure in the chamber was 1 kPa
- the total flow rate of the etching gas was 100 sccm
- the silicon substrate temperature was 30 ° C.
- the in-plane distribution of the sample after etching was 1 to 6%, and the in-plane uniformity of the etching amount was good.
- the etching rate was 12 ⁇ m / min, which was favorable.
- the ratio Ps / Pn between the supply pressure (Ps) and the chamber pressure (Pn) in the chamber is 66.
- Example 1-2 The etching test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that iodine heptafluoride was 80% by volume (Ar gas, 20% by volume) as an etching gas. As a result, as in Example 1, the in-plane distribution of the sample after etching was 1 to 6%, and the in-plane uniformity of the etching amount was good. The etching rate was 11 ⁇ m / min, which was good.
- Example 1-3 The etching test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that iodine heptafluoride was changed to 50% by volume (Ar gas, 50% by volume) as an etching gas.
- iodine heptafluoride was changed to 50% by volume (Ar gas, 50% by volume) as an etching gas.
- the in-plane distribution of the sample after etching was 1 to 8%, and the in-plane uniformity of the etching amount was generally good although it was slightly inferior to Examples 1 and 2.
- the etching rate was 5 ⁇ m / min, which was relatively good.
- Example 1-4 The etching test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that iodine heptafluoride was changed to 10% by volume (N 2 gas, 90% by volume) as an etching gas.
- N 2 gas, 90% by volume 10% by volume
- the in-plane distribution of the sample after etching was 1 to 11%, and the in-plane uniformity of the etching amount was generally good although it was slightly inferior to Examples 1 and 2.
- the etching rate was 5 ⁇ m / min, which was relatively good.
- Example 1-5 The etching test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1-1 except that the silicon substrate temperature was ⁇ 30 ° C. As a result, the in-plane distribution of the sample after etching was 1 to 8%, and the in-plane uniformity of the etching amount was generally good although it was slightly inferior to Examples 1-1 and 1-2, but the etching rate was It was 5 ⁇ m / min, which was lower than that of Example 1.
- Example 1-6 The etching test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1-1 except that the silicon substrate temperature was 110 ° C. As a result, the etching rate was 14 ⁇ m / min, which was the same value as in Example 1-1, but the in-plane distribution of the sample after etching was 1 to 11%, which was compared with Example 1-1. And there was a variation.
- Example 1-1 The etching test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1-1 except that the etching gas was not sufficiently adiabatically expanded (supply pressure: 20 Pa). As a result, the etching rate was as good as 12 ⁇ m / min, but the in-plane distribution of the sample after etching was 11 to 25%, and the in-plane etching amount varied greatly. In [Comparative Example 1-1], the ratio Ps / Pn between the supply pressure (Ps) and the processing chamber pressure (Pn) of the chamber is 13.
- Example 1-2 The etching test was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1-1, except that the existing ClF 3 (chlorine trifluoride) that has been conventionally used for etching the silicon layer was used. As a result, the etching rate was as good as 12 ⁇ m / min. However, the in-plane distribution of the sample after etching was 17 to 28%, and the variation in the in-plane etching amount was large.
- ClF 3 chlorine trifluoride
- FIG. 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of the sample is shown in FIG. 5, (a) shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an etching sample used in Examples and Comparative Examples, and (b) shows a schematic cross-sectional view after etching. Note that SiO 2 , SiN, and TiN were used as mask materials.
- Example 2-1 Using the etching apparatus of FIG. 1 used in [Example 1-1], an etching test of the sample on which the mask of FIG. 5 was formed was performed.
- As an etching gas 100% by volume of iodine heptafluoride was used.
- the etching test was performed under the same conditions as [Example 1-1] except that the etching process pressure was 200 Pa.
- the etching process pressure was 200 Pa.
- the shoulder of the mask material was not dropped and the formed side wall shape was also good.
- SiO 2 is used as a mask material
- the mask material SiO 2 is etched in any gas when IF 7, XeF 2 , ClF 3 , BrF 5 , IF 5 , F 2 are used. Was not.
- Example 2 except that XeF 2 , ClF 3 , BrF 5 , IF 5 , and F 2 are used as etching gases and the etching process pressure (Pa) is set to 30, 50, 150, 90, and 200 in this order. Etching test was performed under the same conditions as in 1]. Note that the test was performed without diluting any of the gases used with a diluent gas or the like. As a result, XeF 2 had a poor selectivity with respect to either SiN or TiN. ClF 3 and BrF 5 had a good selectivity with respect to TiN but not with SiN. Further, IF 5 and F 2 showed better results than XeF 2 , ClF 3 and BrF 5 , but the selectivity was inferior to IF 7 used in [Example 2-1]. .
- the iodine heptafluoride of the present invention is compared with the existing fluorine-based etching that has been conventionally used. It was found that the selectivity was good for both SiN and TiN, and that the degree of freedom in selecting a material such as a mask when used as an etching gas when etching the silicon layer was high.
- the present invention is useful for fine processing by etching a silicon layer in semiconductor manufacturing.
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Abstract
Description
反応チャンバー1には試料7を支持するためのステージ5が具備されている。試料7は、6インチのシリコン基板上にシリコン酸化膜(20nm)が形成され、さらにその上にポリシリコン膜(30μm)が形成されたものを使用した。ステージ5にはステージの温度を調整可能なステージ温度調整器6が具備されている。反応チャンバー1にはガス導入の為のガス配管41及びガス排気の為のガス配管42が接続されている。
エッチングガス供給系21、希釈ガス供給系23は、それぞれバルブ31、バルブ32を介してガス配管41に接続されている。真空ポンプ8はガス排気の為、バルブ33を介してガス配管42に接続されている。反応チャンバー1内部の圧力は反応チャンバー1付設の圧力計(図中省略)の指示値を基に、バルブ33により制御される。
計算式(1):(Max-Min)/2Ave×100・・・(1)
で表される値のことであり(単位:%)、その値が大きい程エッチング量のばらつきが大きいことを示している。
エッチングガスとして、実質的に七フッ化ヨウ素以外の成分を含まないもの(IF7、体積100%、希釈ガスなし)を使用して試料のエッチング試験を行った。エッチング条件としては、エッチングガスの供給圧力を100Pa、チャンバー内のエッチングプロセス圧力を1kPa、エッチングガスの総流量を100sccm、シリコン基板温度を30℃とした。その結果、エッチング後の試料の面内分布は1~6%でありエッチング量の面内均一性は良好であった。また、エッチング速度は12μm/minであり良好であった。なお、[実施例1-1]において、供給圧力(Ps)とチャンバーの処理室内圧力(Pn)の比率Ps/Pnは、66である。
エッチングガスとして、七フッ化ヨウ素を80体積%(Arガス、20体積%)とした以外は、実施例1と同じ条件でエッチング試験を行った。その結果、実施例1と同様に、エッチング後の試料の面内分布は1~6%でありエッチング量の面内均一性は良好であった。また、エッチング速度は11μm/minであり良好であった。
エッチングガスとして、七フッ化ヨウ素を50体積%(Arガス、50体積%)とした以外は、実施例1と同じ条件でエッチング試験を行った。その結果、実施例1と同様に、エッチング後の試料の面内分布は1~8%であり、実施例1、2に若干劣るもののエッチング量の面内均一性はおおむね良好であった。また、エッチング速度は5μm/minであり比較的良好であった。
エッチングガスとして、七フッ化ヨウ素を10体積%(N2ガス、90体積%)とした以外は、実施例1と同じ条件でエッチング試験を行った。その結果、実施例1と同様に、エッチング後の試料の面内分布は1~11%であり、実施例1、2に若干劣るもののエッチング量の面内均一性はおおむね良好であった。また、エッチング速度は5μm/minであり比較的良好であった。
シリコン基板温度を-30℃とする以外は、実施例1-1と同じ条件でエッチング試験を行った。その結果、エッチング後の試料の面内分布は1~8%であり、実施例1-1、1-2に若干劣るもののエッチング量の面内均一性はおおむね良好であったが、エッチング速度は5μm/minであり、実施例1と比較して低かった。
シリコン基板温度を110℃とする以外は、実施例1-1と同じ条件でエッチング試験を行った。その結果、エッチング速度は、14μm/minであり、実施例1-1と同等な値であったが、エッチング後の試料の面内分布は1~11%であり、実施例1-1と比較してバラつきがみられた。
エッチングガスを十分に断熱膨張させることができない条件(供給圧力20Pa)とした以外は実施例1-1と同じ条件でエッチング試験を行った。その結果、エッチング速度は12μm/minと良好であったが、エッチング後の試料の面内分布は11~25%であり面内のエッチング量のバラつきが大きかった。なお、[比較例1-1]において、供給圧力(Ps)とチャンバーの処理室内圧力(Pn)の比率Ps/Pnは、13である。
従来からシリコン層のエッチングに使用されてきた既存のClF3(三フッ化塩素)を用いる以外は実施例1-1と同じ条件でエッチング試験を行った。その結果、エッチング速度は12μm/minと良好であったが、エッチング後の試料の面内分布は17~28%であり面内のエッチング量のバラつきが大きかった。
[実施例1-1]にて使用した図1のエッチング装置を用いて、図5のマスクを形成した試料のエッチング試験を行った。エッチングガスとしては、100体積%の七フッ化ヨウ素を使用した。エッチング条件として、エッチングプロセスの圧力は200Paとする以外は、[実施例1-1]と同じ条件でエッチング試験を行った。その結果、エッチングガスとして、七フッ化ヨウ素を使用すると、SiN、TiN、SiO2に対してシリコン層エッチングの選択比が優れていることが分かった。また、マスク開口部周辺の加工形状を観察したところ、マスク材料の肩落ちがなく、形成した側壁形状も良好であった。尚、マスク材料としてSiO2を使用した場合、IF7、XeF2、ClF3、BrF5、IF5、F2、それぞれを用いた場合、何れのガスにおいても、マスク材料であるSiO2はエッチングされていなかった。
使用するエッチングガスとして、XeF2、ClF3、BrF5、IF5、F2とし、それぞれのエッチングプロセス圧力(Pa)を順に30、50、150、90、200とする以外は[実施例2-1]と同じ条件でエッチング試験を行った。なお、使用したガスは何れも希釈ガス等による希釈は行わず試験を行った。その結果、XeF2はSiN、TiNの何れに対して選択比が良好でなかった。ClF3、BrF5はTiNに対して選択比は良好であったが、SiNに対しては良好でなかった。さらに、IF5、F2は、XeF2、ClF3、BrF5に比べて良好な結果を示すが、[実施例2-1]で使用したIF7と比較すると選択比は劣るものであった。
Claims (7)
- 処理室内で処理対象物のシリコン層をエッチングするドライエッチング方法であって、供給源から七フッ化ヨウ素を含むエッチングガスを、供給圧力が66kPa~0.5MPaの圧力範囲で供給し、該圧力範囲に保持されたエッチングガスを前記供給圧力より低い圧力に減圧された処理室に導入し、前記シリコン層をエッチングすることを特徴とする、ドライエッチング方法。
- エッチングガスが、少なくとも50体積%以上の七フッ化ヨウ素を含む、請求項1に記載のドライエッチング方法。
- エッチングガスが、実質的に七フッ化ヨウ素以外の成分を含まない、請求項1又は2に記載のドライエッチング方法。
- 供給圧力(Ps)と処理室内の圧力(Pn)の比率Ps/Pnが、20以上、1×109以下である、請求項1から3の何れかに記載のドライエッチング方法。
- 処理対象物の温度が、-40℃~150℃である、請求項1から4の何れかに記載のドライエッチング方法。
- 処理対象物が、少なくともシリコン層と耐エッチング部材とを含み、エッチングガスにより前記シリコン層を選択的にエッチングする、請求項1から5の何れかに記載のドライエッチング方法。
- 耐エッチング部材が、SiO2、SiN、TiNから選ばれる少なくとも1つ以上の材料からなる、請求項6に記載のドライエッチング方法。
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