WO2014024437A1 - 排熱回収装置 - Google Patents
排熱回収装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014024437A1 WO2014024437A1 PCT/JP2013/004662 JP2013004662W WO2014024437A1 WO 2014024437 A1 WO2014024437 A1 WO 2014024437A1 JP 2013004662 W JP2013004662 W JP 2013004662W WO 2014024437 A1 WO2014024437 A1 WO 2014024437A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- working fluid
- tube
- heating
- heat recovery
- condensing
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/14—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having both steam accumulator and heater, e.g. superheating accumulator
- F01K3/16—Mutual arrangement of accumulator and heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an exhaust heat recovery device used for vehicles such as automobiles.
- Such an exhaust heat recovery device that recovers heat of an automobile exhaust and uses it for promoting warm-up of an engine (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Such an exhaust heat recovery device includes a heating unit that exchanges heat between exhaust gas and a working fluid enclosed in the device, and a condensing unit that exchanges heat between the working fluid and engine coolant. I have.
- a heating unit that performs heat exchange between a heating fluid and an evaporating and condensing working fluid enclosed in the heating fluid to evaporate the working fluid
- a heating unit In the exhaust heat recovery device comprising a condensing unit for exchanging heat between the working fluid evaporated in step 1 and the fluid to be heated and condensing the working fluid
- the heating unit circulates the working fluid and opens upward in the vertical direction.
- the tube has a closed tube at the lower end in the vertical direction, and has a tube joint to which the upper end of the tube is joined on the upper side in the vertical direction of the heating unit and is condensed in the condensing unit.
- a storage part for storing the working fluid is provided, and the storage part has a condensate holding part for holding the working fluid condensed in the condensing part.
- the condensed working fluid and the tube joint part can be brought into contact with each other, and the temperature rise of the tube joint part can be suppressed.
- the condensate holding unit that holds the working fluid condensed in the condensing unit in the storing unit the working fluid condensed on the entire storing unit, that is, the entire surface of the tube joint portion can be wetted and spread. Therefore, even if the temperature of the heated fluid rises sharply, the temperature rise of the tube joint can be suppressed, so the occurrence of thermal distortion is suppressed and the tube and the tube joint are securely damaged. Can be suppressed.
- the condensate holding unit may be deleted from the exhaust heat recovery apparatus of the one aspect.
- the drawing It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the cross-sectional structure of the waste heat recovery apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the waste heat recovery apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the valve closing state of the valve
- FIG. 5 is a VV cross-sectional view of FIG. 3. It is sectional drawing which shows the netting part vicinity of the tube 10 in 2nd Embodiment.
- FIGS. 1 A first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the exhaust heat recovery device of this embodiment recovers exhaust heat of exhaust from an exhaust system of a vehicle engine (internal combustion engine) and uses the exhaust heat for promoting warm-up.
- the direction of the up and down arrows in FIG. 1 indicates the direction in which the exhaust heat recovery device is mounted on the vehicle. Further, in FIG. 2, for the sake of clarity of illustration, a part of a hydrogen removal apparatus described later is not shown.
- the exhaust heat recovery apparatus of the present embodiment includes a heating unit 1, a condensing unit 2, and a storage unit 3.
- the heating unit 1 is provided in an exhaust passage 100 through which engine exhaust flows. Further, the heating unit 1 performs heat exchange between the working fluid sealed inside and the exhaust, thereby evaporating the working fluid.
- the exhaust corresponds to the heating fluid of the present disclosure.
- the condensing unit 2 is provided outside the exhaust passage 100.
- the condensing unit 2 performs heat exchange between the working fluid evaporated in the heating unit 1 and the engine coolant, thereby condensing the working fluid.
- the cooling water corresponds to the heated fluid of the present disclosure.
- the storage unit 3 is provided on the upper side in the vertical direction of the heating unit 1 and outside the exhaust passage 100.
- the storage unit 3 stores the working fluid condensed in the condensing unit 2, and the working fluid condensed in the condensing unit 2 flows into the heating unit 1 through the storing unit 3.
- the heating unit 1, the storage unit 3, and the condensing unit 2 are arranged in this order toward the upper side in the vertical direction.
- the heating unit 1 has a plurality of tubes 10 in which the working fluid flows, the upper end in the vertical direction is opened, and the lower end in the vertical direction is closed.
- the tube 10 most of the lower side (in this example, about 80% from the lower end) is disposed inside the exhaust passage 100, and the other part on the upper side (upper end in this example). About 20% of the portion is disposed outside the exhaust passage 100.
- a through hole 106 is formed on the upper surface of the exhaust duct 105 forming the exhaust passage 100, and the tube 10 is inserted from above the through hole 106, whereby the tube 10 is connected to the exhaust passage 100. Arranged inside.
- the upper end portions of the plurality of tubes 10 are respectively joined to a core plate 41 of the storage portion 3 described later.
- the plurality of tubes 10 are not connected to each other at a portion other than the joint portion with the core plate 41.
- the tube 10 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape with a bottom, and the bottom 101 is disposed on the lower side. Further, the corner portion formed by the bottom portion 101 and the side surface portion 102 of the tube 10 has an arc shape protruding toward the outside of the tube 10. That is, the corner portion formed by the bottom portion 101 and the side surface portion 102 of the tube 10 is chamfered in an arc shape. Further, a wick 103 made of a metal mesh is provided on the inner surface of the tube 10. The wick 103 is formed in a net shape and is disposed over the entire circumference of the inner surface of the tube 10.
- a plurality of fins 11 that promote heat conduction between the exhaust gas and the working fluid are joined to the side surface portion 102 of the tube 10 disposed inside the exhaust passage 100.
- the fins 11 provided in the plurality of tubes 10 are not connected to each other.
- the fin 11 is formed in an umbrella shape. That is, the fin 11 has an arcuate curved surface 110 that protrudes downward as the distance from the tube 10 becomes longer toward the lower side.
- the fin 11 is formed in an annular shape when viewed from the longitudinal direction (vertical direction) of the tube 10.
- a tank unit 4 through which a working fluid flows is provided above the heating unit 1.
- the tank portion 4 includes a core plate 41 as a tube joint portion to which an upper side end portion of the tube 10 is joined, a tank main body portion 42 that constitutes a space in the tank together with the core plate 41, And a partition plate 43 that divides the space in the tank into two in the vertical direction.
- the space formed by the core plate 41 and the partition plate 43 constitutes the storage unit 3
- the space formed by the tank main body unit 42 and the partition plate 43 is the condensing unit. 2 is constituted.
- the core plate 41 has a tube joining surface 410 formed in a flat shape.
- a communication hole 411 into which the tube 10 is inserted is formed in the tube joining surface 410.
- a rib 412 that protrudes upward from the tube joint surface 410 is formed at the opening edge of the communication hole 411 of the core plate 41. The rib 412 is formed when the communication hole 411 is formed in the core plate 41 by burring.
- the upper end portion of the tube 10 is disposed above the tube joint surface 410 of the core plate 41, that is, the lower end surface in the vertical direction. For this reason, the condensed working fluid can be stored on the tube joining surface 410 of the core plate 41.
- the storage unit 3 is provided with a wick 31 as a condensate holding unit that holds the condensed working fluid by capillary force.
- the wick 31 is made of a metal mesh, and temporarily holds the working fluid condensed in the gap.
- a cooling water pipe 21 Inside the condensing unit 2 is disposed a cooling water pipe 21 through which engine cooling water flows.
- the condensing unit 2 is configured such that heat exchange is performed between the cooling water flowing inside the cooling water pipe 21 and the working fluid flowing outside the cooling water pipe 21. Then, the working fluid cooled and condensed on the surface of the cooling water pipe 21 is dropped on the lower side of the condensing unit 2.
- a stainless steel U-shaped pipe having a circular passage section is employed as the cooling water pipe 21.
- a circular first through hole 431 and a second through hole 432 are respectively formed in the partition plate 43 of the tank unit 4.
- the storage unit 3 and the condensing unit 2 communicate with each other through two through holes 431 and 432.
- a wall portion 433 extending upward in the vertical direction is provided on the outer peripheral edge portion of the first through hole 431.
- the wall portion 433 allows the gaseous working fluid (water vapor) flowing out from the storage portion 3 to flow into the condensing unit 2 from the upper side in the vertical direction of the condensing unit 2.
- the second through-hole 432 is provided with a valve 5 that opens and closes a working fluid flow path that flows from the condensing unit 2 into the storage unit 3.
- the valve 5 includes a cylindrical pedestal portion 51 fitted into the second through hole 432.
- Flange 511 and 512 are provided in the vertical direction lower side end part and upper side end part of pedestal part 51, respectively.
- the upper surface of the flange 511 on the lower end side of the pedestal 51 is joined to the lower surface of the partition plate 43.
- a gap is provided between the flange 512 on the upper end side of the pedestal 51 and the partition plate 43, and the flange 512 and the partition plate 43 are not in contact with each other.
- the pedestal 51 is provided with a working fluid passage 513 that allows the condensing part 2 and the storage part 3 to communicate with each other.
- the working fluid passage 513 is open to both the portion between the flange 512 and the partition plate 43 on the side surface of the pedestal 51 and the lower surface of the pedestal 51.
- a valve body 53 that opens and closes the working fluid passage 513 is connected to the lower end side of the rod-shaped member 52.
- the valve body 53 is disposed so as to be in contact with the lower end surface of the pedestal portion 51.
- the upper end side of the rod-shaped member 52 is in contact with the thin film diaphragm 54.
- the valve element 53 is urged by the diaphragm 54 in the valve closing direction (upward in FIG. 1).
- the diaphragm 54 is disposed on the upper side of the pedestal 51.
- the diaphragm 54 is formed in a disk shape.
- the diaphragm 54 is disposed in the diaphragm case 55 and divides the space in the diaphragm case 55 into an upper first pressure chamber 551 and a lower second pressure chamber 552.
- the diaphragm case 55 includes first and second diaphragm cases 55a and 55b obtained by press-molding a relatively thin metal plate into a predetermined shape, and the first and second diaphragm cases 55a with the outer peripheral surface of the diaphragm 55 sandwiched therebetween. , 55b are integrated by caulking. Further, the entire diaphragm case 55 is integrally assembled to the pedestal 51 by joining the second diaphragm case 55 b to the upper end of the pedestal 51.
- the first pressure chamber 551 formed by the diaphragm 54 and the first diaphragm case 55a is always in constant communication with the atmosphere through a through-hole (not shown) or is always kept at a constant pressure by vacuum sealing.
- the first pressure chamber The pressure inside 551 is the same as the atmospheric pressure.
- the second pressure chamber 552 formed by the diaphragm 54 and the second diaphragm case 55b always communicates with the condensing unit 2 through a through hole (not shown), and the inside of the second pressure chamber 552 has the same pressure as the condensing unit 2. It has become.
- the valve element 53 is driven by the displacement of the diaphragm 54 due to the pressure difference between the first and second pressure chambers 551 and 552, and the opening area of the working fluid passage 513 changes, that is, the working fluid passage 513 Open and close.
- the valve body 53 is urged to the lower end surface of the pedestal portion 51 to operate.
- the fluid passage 513 is closed, that is, the valve 5 is closed.
- the pedestal portion 51 is formed with a bypass hole (bypass passage) 56 that allows the upper end side and the lower end side of the pedestal portion 51 to communicate with each other.
- a rod-shaped mesh 57 is inserted into the bypass hole 56. According to this, the flow rate of the working fluid flowing through the bypass hole 56 can be stabilized. A desired working fluid flow rate can be obtained by adjusting the specifications of the mesh 57.
- the exhaust heat recovery device is made of chromium-based stainless steel. For this reason, when the exhaust heat recovery device reaches a high temperature exceeding about 600 ° C., the following chemical reaction 1 occurs and hydrogen gas is generated.
- the exhaust heat recovery apparatus includes a hydrogen removal apparatus 6 that removes hydrogen gas generated at a high temperature.
- the hydrogen removing device 6 is connected to the upper end portion of the tank unit 4, and is configured such that hydrogen gas flows from the upper end portion of the condensing unit 2.
- a partition wall portion 61 extending upward from the upper surface of the partition plate 43 is provided inside the condensing unit 2.
- a gap is formed between the upper end portion of the partition wall portion 61 and the tank main body portion 42.
- the valve 5, the first through hole 431, and the partition wall portion 61 are arranged in this order.
- a hydrogen gas introduction passage 62 through which hydrogen gas generated at a high temperature flows is formed on the opposite side of the partition wall portion 61 from the first through hole 431 inside the condensation portion 2.
- a through hole 413 is formed in a portion of the core plate 41 corresponding to the hydrogen gas introduction passage 62.
- the through hole 413 is joined to the upper end portion of a cylindrical copper oxide accommodating portion 63 whose only upper end is open.
- Particulate copper oxide (II) is accommodated inside the copper oxide accommodating portion 63.
- the metal oxide housing part 63 communicates with the condensing part 2 through the hydrogen gas introduction passage 62.
- the hydrogen gas flowing out from the upper end of the condensing unit 2 flows through the hydrogen gas introduction passage 62 and flows into the copper oxide containing unit 63. And in the copper oxide accommodating part 63, the following chemical reaction 2 arises.
- the exhaust heat recovery apparatus includes a heat guard 7 as a heat transfer suppression member that suppresses heat transfer from the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 100 of the heating unit 1 to the working fluid stored in the storage unit 3.
- the heat guard 7 is disposed between the heating unit 1 and the storage unit 3.
- the heat guard 7 has a substantially U-shaped cross section viewed from a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction and opened upward. That is, the heat guard 7 includes a bottom portion 71 formed in a planar shape perpendicular to the vertical direction, a wall portion 72 that is bent substantially vertically from the outer peripheral portion of the bottom portion 71 and extends upward, and substantially from the wall portion 72.
- the flange portion 73 is bent vertically and extends in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction.
- the flange 73 of the heat guard 7 is joined to the outer peripheral edge of the core plate 41.
- the heat guard 7 is in contact with the core plate 41 only in the flange portion 73, and a space (hereinafter also referred to as a heat guard space 74) is formed between the bottom portion 71 and the wall portion 72 and the core plate 41.
- the bottom portion 71 of the heat guard 7 is formed with a tube through hole 711 into which the tube 10 is inserted.
- the inner diameter of the tube through hole 711 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the tube 10. For this reason, in the state which inserted the tube 10 in the through-hole 711 for tubes, the tube 10 and the through-hole 711 for tubes do not contact.
- the bottom 71 of the heat guard 7 is formed in a shape corresponding to the through hole 106 of the exhaust duct 105, that is, a shape that can close the through hole 106.
- the heat guard 7 is joined to the exhaust duct 105 with the bottom 71 blocking the through hole 106 of the exhaust duct 105. Therefore, it can be said that the exhaust passage 100 is formed by the exhaust duct 105 and the bottom 71 of the heat guard 7.
- a heating through hole 712 is formed in a portion of the bottom 71 of the heat guard 7 that faces the copper oxide accommodating portion 63.
- the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 100 flows into the heat guard space 74 through the heating through hole 712.
- the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 can be heated by the heat of the exhaust.
- the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust passage 100 also flows into the heat guard space 74 from the tube through hole 711.
- the exhaust passage 100 and the heat guard 74 correspond to the heating fluid passage of the present disclosure.
- the valve 5 is opened.
- the working fluid is heated and evaporated by the exhaust, and flows out from the upper end of the tube 10 to the storage unit 3.
- the vapor of the working fluid flowing out from the upper end of the tube 10 flows into the condensing unit 2 through the storage unit 3 and the first through hole 431 of the partition plate 43.
- the steam of the working fluid that has flowed into the condensing unit 2 exchanges heat with the cooling water flowing in the cooling water pipe 21, condenses on the surface of the cooling water pipe 21, becomes a liquid, and enters the partition plate 43. Dripping.
- the liquid working fluid dropped on the partition plate 43 flows through the working fluid passage 513 in the valve 5 and returns to the core plate 41 of the storage unit 3.
- the liquid working fluid that has flowed into the storage unit 3 is stored on the core plate 41.
- the working fluid flows into the tube 10 again from the upper end portion of the tube 10.
- the valve 5 is closed when the heat is cut off without collecting the exhaust heat.
- the working fluid condensed on the surface of the cooling water pipe 21 stays on the partition plate 43.
- the water level of the working fluid staying on the partition plate 43 exceeds the upper surface of the flange 512, the working fluid flows into the storage unit 3 through the bypass hole 56.
- the exhaust heat recovery apparatus of the present embodiment only the upper end portion of the tube 10 is joined to the core plate 41 so that the tube 10 is not restrained at a portion other than the upper end portion, thereby rapidly increasing the exhaust gas. It can suppress that a thermal distortion generate
- the upper end portion of the tube 10 is arranged above the tube joint surface 410 of the core plate 41, and the tube joint of the core plate 41 is provided by providing the storage portion 3 that stores the working fluid condensed in the condenser portion 2.
- a predetermined amount of liquid working fluid may be present on the surface 410.
- the condensed working fluid and the core plate 41 are brought into contact with each other, and the temperature rise of the core plate 41 can be suppressed.
- the storage unit 3 the working fluid can be evenly distributed to each tube 10 regardless of the position where the valve 5 is provided during normal exhaust heat recovery.
- the liquid working fluid can be wetted and spread over the entire surface of the core plate 41. Therefore, even when the temperature of the exhaust gas suddenly rises, the temperature rise of the core plate 41 can be suppressed, so that the occurrence of thermal distortion is suppressed and the root portion between the tube 10 and the core plate 41 is reliably suppressed from being damaged. it can.
- the wick 31 in the storage unit 3, the liquid working fluid existing on the core plate 41 is biased or jumped due to vibration or the inclination of the exhaust heat recovery device, so that It is possible to prevent the working fluid from flowing into the tube 10 in a state where the predetermined amount of working fluid does not exist.
- the opening degree of the valve 5 is reduced to reduce the flow rate of the working fluid circulating in the exhaust heat recovery apparatus. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the amount of recovered heat.
- the cooling water temperature becomes high, the circulating amount of the working fluid is excessively reduced by the valve 5, and there is a possibility that the working fluid does not exist in a part of the core plate 41 (dry out). In this case, a local temperature distribution is formed on the core plate 41, and the life of the exhaust heat recovery device is significantly reduced due to the distortion amplitude caused by the temperature difference between the dry-out time and the water level of the working fluid. Resulting in.
- a bypass hole 56 is provided that guides the working fluid condensed in the condensing unit 2 to the storage unit 3 by bypassing the valve 5.
- a heat guard 7 that suppresses heat transfer from the exhaust of the heating unit 1 to the working fluid of the storage unit 3 is provided between the heating unit 1 and the storage unit 3. Thereby, it can suppress that the core plate 41 is heated with the heat which exhaust_gas
- the fins 11 provided on the plurality of tubes 10 are not connected to each other. Therefore, since it can prevent that the tube 10 is restrained in parts other than the upper side edge part, it can suppress that a thermal distortion generate
- the fin 11 joined to the tube 10 is pulled inward (tube 10 side), and the fin 11 is deformed. Moreover, once the fin 11 is deformed, it does not return to its original shape even if the temperature of the tube 10 becomes high.
- the fin 11 is provided with an arcuate curved surface 110 that protrudes downward. Therefore, even if the temperature of the tube 10 falls and the force pulled to the inside with respect to the fin 11 is added, since the deformation is absorbed by the arcuate curved surface 110, the deformation of the fin 11 can be suppressed.
- the tube 10 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape with a bottom, and the corner formed by the side surface portion 102 and the bottom portion 101 is formed in an arc shape. According to this, while ensuring the pressure resistance of the tube 10, it can suppress that a thermal distortion arises in the tube 10.
- FIG. 1 the tube 10 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape with a bottom, and the corner formed by the side surface portion 102 and the bottom portion 101 is formed in an arc shape.
- a copper oxide containing portion enclosing copper (II) oxide for removing hydrogen. 63 Since the hydrogen removal reaction by copper oxide (II) (see the above chemical formula 2) must occur at a high temperature of 300 ° C. or higher, the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 is usually disposed in the heating portion 1 through which exhaust flows. However, in a high temperature environment of 600 ° C. or higher, copper (II) oxide serves as a medium, and the oxidation phenomenon of stainless steel is promoted. Therefore, there is a problem that the tube 10 of the heating unit 1 is oxidatively corroded.
- the upper end portion of the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 is connected to the core plate 41, and the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 is disposed in the heat guard space 74 through which the exhaust gas flows.
- the copper oxide accommodating part 63 can be heated by the heat
- the upper end portion of the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 is connected to the core plate 41 in which the liquid working fluid is stored on the upper surface and is at a relatively low temperature, so that the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 has an abnormally high temperature. Can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both the removal of hydrogen gas and the suppression of abnormal oxidation of stainless steel.
- the copper oxide containing portion 63 is disposed in the heat guard space 74, and the heating through-hole 712 is formed in the heat guard 7 to introduce exhaust into the heat guard space 74.
- the direct contact with the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 can be prevented.
- the hydrogen gas introduction passage 62 is connected to the upper side of the condensing unit 2 so that the hydrogen gas flows into the hydrogen removing device 6 from the upper end of the condensing unit 2. According to this, hydrogen gas lighter than the working fluid can flow into the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 via the hydrogen gas introduction passage 62, and the working fluid can be prevented from flowing into the copper oxide accommodating portion 63.
- the upper end portion of the tube 10 is disposed above the core plate 41.
- a rib 414 protruding downward in the vertical direction is formed.
- the rib 414 is formed when the communication hole 411 is formed in the core plate 41 by burring.
- a wick 104 made of a metal mesh is provided on the upper end surface of the tube 10 so as to connect the wick 103 disposed on the inner surface of the tube 10 and the wick 31 disposed on the core plate 41.
- the upper end portion of the tube 10 is a backflow suppressing portion 107 that is curved in an arc shape so as to swell toward the inside of the tube 10.
- the backflow suppression unit 107 By providing the backflow suppression unit 107, when exhaust heat recovery is not performed, it is possible to suppress the condensed working fluid stored in the storage unit 3 from flowing into the tube 10 due to acceleration from the vehicle or the like.
- 4th Embodiment of this embodiment is described based on FIG.
- the fourth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the hydrogen removing device 6 is configured separately from the tank unit 4. In FIG. 8, the illustration of the fins 11 is omitted.
- the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 of the hydrogen removing device 6 is disposed on the outside (outside air side) of the exhaust duct 105.
- One surface of the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 is joined to the outer surface of the exhaust duct 105.
- a part of the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 is in contact with the exhaust passage 100 via the exhaust duct 105.
- part which is not contacting the outer surface of the exhaust duct 105 among the copper oxide accommodating parts 63 is contacting external air.
- One end of a hydrogen gas introduction pipe 64 that forms a hydrogen gas introduction passage 62 is connected to the copper oxide accommodating portion 63.
- the other end of the hydrogen gas introduction pipe 64 is connected to the condensing unit 2 of the tank unit 4. That is, the copper oxide accommodating part 63 and the condensing part 2 are connected via the hydrogen gas introduction pipe 64.
- the hydrogen gas flowing out of the condensing unit 2 flows through the hydrogen gas introduction pipe 64 and flows into the copper oxide containing unit 63.
- the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 since the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 is disposed at a portion in contact with the exhaust passage 100 through which the exhaust flows, the copper oxide accommodating portion 63 can be heated by the heat of the exhaust. A hydrogen removal reaction with copper (II) can surely occur. On the other hand, it is possible to suppress the copper oxide containing portion 63 from becoming an abnormally high temperature by bringing the portion of the copper oxide containing portion 63 that is not in contact with the exhaust passage 100 into contact with the outside air. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both the removal of hydrogen gas and the suppression of abnormal oxidation of stainless steel. (Fifth embodiment) Next, a fifth embodiment of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The fifth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the configuration of the fins 11.
- the fin 11 of this embodiment is formed by plastically processing the outer surface of the tube 10 in a spiral shape. According to this, since it is not necessary to provide another member as a fin, the fin 11 can be provided on the outer surface of the tube 10 while reducing the number of parts. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate can be improved by making the fins 11 spiral. (Sixth embodiment) Next, a sixth embodiment of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The sixth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the configuration of the fins 11.
- the fin 11 of this embodiment is formed by knurling the outer surface of the tube 10. According to this, since it is not necessary to provide another member as a fin, the fin 11 can be provided on the outer surface of the tube 10 while reducing the number of parts. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate can be improved by forming the fins 11 by knurling. (Seventh embodiment) Next, a seventh embodiment of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The seventh embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the configuration of the tube 10 and the fin 11.
- a spiral groove 108 is formed on the inner surface of the tube 10 of the present embodiment.
- the groove portion 108 functions as a wick that sucks the liquid working fluid stored in the storage portion 3 by capillary force and supplies it to the tube 10.
- the liquid working fluid stored in the storage unit 3 can be sucked by the capillary force and supplied to the tube 10 without providing a wick that is a separate member from the tube 10. For this reason, it becomes possible to reliably supply the working fluid from the reservoir 3 to the tube 10 while reducing the number of parts.
- an eighth embodiment of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the eighth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the amount of working fluid (volume of working fluid) sealed in the exhaust heat recovery apparatus is defined.
- the valve 5 of this embodiment closes the condensing working fluid passage 513 when the temperature of the working fluid flowing through the working fluid passage 513 communicating the condensing unit 2 and the storage unit 3 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined reference temperature. Is configured to do.
- valve 5 as in the first embodiment, a mechanically operated valve in which the diaphragm 54 operates by sensing the pressure of the internal working fluid can be employed.
- the temperature and pressure of the working fluid are always in a one-to-one relationship, and the temperature can be sensed indirectly by sensing the pressure.
- a working fluid temperature responsive valve configured by a mechanical mechanism that opens and closes the working fluid passage 513 by displacing the valve body 53 by a thermowax (temperature-sensitive member) whose volume changes depending on temperature may be adopted. Good.
- F g is the heating part heat transfer area which is the sum of the heat transfer areas of the exhaust and the working fluid in the heating part 1, and the volume of the part through which the working fluid flows in the heating part 1 (the total of the volumes of the plurality of tubes 10).
- the heating unit volume V g the exhaust heat transfer coefficient is ⁇ g
- the condensing unit heat transfer area that is the sum of the heat transfer areas of the cooling water and the working fluid in the condensing unit 2 is F w
- the condensing part volume, which is the volume of the part through which the working fluid flows, is V w
- the heat transfer coefficient of the cooling water is ⁇ w
- the volume of the storage part 3 is V c .
- the lower limit value M 1 of the amount of working fluid enclosed is set so as to satisfy the relationship expressed by the following mathematical formula 1.
- the exhaust heat recovery apparatus of the present embodiment is made of stainless steel. Since the pressure resistance strength of stainless steel is about 500 kPa, the amount of working fluid M2 at which the maximum value Pr_max of the internal pressure is 500 kPa in each exhaust heat recovery device was obtained from FIG. If the amount of working fluid sealed in each exhaust heat recovery device is M 2 or less, the internal pressure of the exhaust heat recovery device will not exceed 500 kPa.
- the amount of working fluid specified in this embodiment is intended to suppress an abnormal increase in internal pressure.
- a mechanically operated valve that operates the diaphragm 54 by sensing the pressure of the internal working fluid may be adopted in terms of responsiveness.
- a spiral groove 21 a is formed on the surface of the cooling water pipe 21 of the present embodiment.
- the groove part 21a is formed in parts other than the curved part 21b where the cooling water passage in the cooling water pipe 21 is curved.
- a pipe having an outer diameter of 10 mm or more and 30 mm or less is used as the cooling water pipe 21.
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ in the cooling water pipe 21 can be larger than 200 W / m 2 K, and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ is Can be improved.
- the water flow resistance of the cooling water pipe 21 can be 300 or less, and the water flow resistance of the water rejection pipe 21. Can be reduced.
- the spiral pitch of the groove 21a to 2 mm or more and 18 mm or less, the water flow resistance of the cooling water pipe 21 can be reduced while improving the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ in the cooling water pipe 21. Thereby, it becomes possible to improve the performance of the condensing part 2 reliably.
- the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ in the cooling water pipe 21 can be larger than 200 W / m 2 K, and the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ is improved. Can do.
- the water flow resistance of the cooling water pipe 21 increases as the depth of the groove 21a increases.
- the water flow resistance of the cooling water pipe 21 can be made 300 or less, and the water flow resistance of the cooling water pipe 21 can be reduced.
- the depth of the groove 21a is set to 2.0 mm or more and 2.9 mm or less, the water flow resistance of the cooling water pipe 21 can be reduced while improving the heat transfer coefficient ⁇ in the cooling water pipe 21. Thereby, it becomes possible to improve the performance of the condensing part 2 reliably.
- the condensate holding is achieved by forming a groove on the tube joint surface 410 of the core plate 41. It can be made to function as a part.
- the exhaust heat recovery device is made of chromium-based stainless steel
- the material constituting the exhaust heat recovery device is not limited to this.
- the exhaust heat recovery device may be composed of other materials.
- the hydrogen removing device 6 is formed integrally with the tank portion 4, that is, the partition wall portion 61 is provided in the tank portion 4, thereby providing the hydrogen gas introduction passage 62.
- the hydrogen removal apparatus 6 may be comprised separately from the tank part 4, and you may make it introduce
- the tube 10 is formed in a bottomed hollow cylindrical shape, and the corner portion formed by the bottom portion 101 and the side surface portion 102 of the tube 10 is formed.
- the shape of the tube 10 is not limited to this.
- the corner formed by the bottom portion 101 and the side surface portion 102 of the tube 10 may be a right angle, or the tube 10 may be formed in another shape such as a hollow elliptical cylindrical shape with a bottom.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the fins 11 may be formed in a flat plate shape, for example.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the wick 103 may not be provided inside the tube 10. . Further, a wick made of metal mesh may be arranged at the upper end of the tube 10 so as to connect the wick 103 in the tube 10 and the wick 31 on the core plate 41.
- valve 5 is not limited thereto.
- an electromagnetic valve whose operation is controlled based on a control voltage output from the control device may be employed as the valve 5.
- the exhaust heat recovery device is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the working fluid.
- a control apparatus controls the action
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Abstract
Description
(第1実施形態)
第1実施形態について図1~図5に基づいて説明する。本実施形態の排熱回収装置は、車両のエンジン(内燃機関)の排気系から排気の排気熱を回収して、この排気熱を暖機促進等に利用するものである。なお、図1の上下の矢印の方向は、排熱回収装置を車両に搭載した状態の方向を示している。また、図2では、図示の明確化のため、後述する水素除去装置の一部の図示を省略している。
2Fe+2Cr+3H2O→Fe2O3+Cr2O3+3H2
このため、排熱回収装置は、高温時に発生する水素ガスを除去する水素除去装置6を備えている。本実施形態では、図1に示すように、水素除去装置6は、タンク部4の上端部に接続されており、凝縮部2の上端部から水素ガスが流入するように構成されている。
3CuO+3H2→3Cu+3H2O
このように、酸化銅収容部63では、水素が酸化銅(II)と反応して銅と水が生成されるので、水素を除去することができる。
(第2実施形態)
次に、第2実施形態について図6に基づいて説明する。図6に示すように、本実施形態の排熱回収装置では、チューブ10の上端部は、コアプレート41よりも上方側に配置されている。
(第3実施形態)
次に、第3実施形態について図7に基づいて説明する。本第3実施形態は、上記第2実施形態と比較して、チューブ10の上端部の形状が異なるものである。
(第4実施形態)
次に、本実施形態の第4実施形態について図8に基づいて説明する。本第4実施形態は、上記第1実施形態と比較して、水素除去装置6をタンク部4と別体として構成した点が異なるものである。なお、図8において、フィン11の図示を省略している。
(第5実施形態)
次に、本実施形態の第5実施形態について図9に基づいて説明する。本第5実施形態は、上記第1実施形態と比較して、フィン11の構成が異なるものである。
(第6実施形態)
次に、本実施形態の第6実施形態について図10に基づいて説明する。本第6実施形態は、上記第1実施形態と比較して、フィン11の構成が異なるものである。
(第7実施形態)
次に、本実施形態の第7実施形態について図11に基づいて説明する。本第7実施形態は、上記第1実施形態と比較して、チューブ10およびフィン11の構成が異なるものである。
(第8実施形態)
次に、本実施形態の第8実施形態について図12~図14に基づいて説明する。本第8実施形態は、上記第1実施形態において、排熱回収装置に封入する作動流体量(作動流体の体積)を規定した点が異なるものである。
(数式1)
M1=Vw+0.4Vg
ところで、加熱部1の沸騰性能(αgFg)と凝縮部2の凝縮性能(αwFw)との比が異なる種々の仕様の排熱回収装置において、車両搭載時における排気熱回収装置の内圧の最大値Pr_maxと作動流体の封入量Mとの関係を実験により算出した。その結果を図13に示す。
(数式2)
M2=Vw/2+Vc+150exp(-11×αgFg/αwFw)
以上説明したように、排熱回収装置に封入される作動流体の体積の下限値M1を上記の数式1にて示される関係を満たすように設定することで、排熱回収性能Qwを確保することができる。
(第9実施形態)
次に、本実施形態の第9実施形態について図15~図19に基づいて説明する。本第9実施形態は、上記第1実施形態と比較して、冷却水パイプ21の形状が異なるものである。
Claims (17)
- 加熱流体と内部に封入された蒸発および凝縮可能な作動流体との間で熱交換を行い、前記作動流体を蒸発させる加熱部(1)と、
前記加熱部(1)で蒸発した前記作動流体と被加熱流体との間で熱交換を行い、前記作動流体を凝縮させる凝縮部(2)とを備える排熱回収装置であって、
前記加熱部(1)は、前記作動流体が流通するとともに、鉛直方向上方側端部が開口し、鉛直方向下方側端部が閉口したチューブ(10)を有しており、
前記加熱部(1)の鉛直方向上方側には、前記チューブ(10)の前記上方側が接合されるチューブ接合部(41)を有するとともに、前記凝縮部(2)で凝縮した前記作動流体を貯留する貯留部(3)が設けられており、
前記貯留部(3)は、前記凝縮部(2)で凝縮した前記作動流体を保持する凝縮液保持部(31)を有していることを特徴とする排熱回収装置。 - 前記チューブ(10)の前記上方側端部は、前記チューブ接合部(41)の鉛直方向下端面よりも鉛直方向上方側に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の排熱回収装置。
- さらに、前記凝縮部(2)で凝縮した前記作動流体を前記貯留部(3)に導く凝縮作動流体通路(513)と、
前記凝縮作動流体通路(513)を開閉するバルブ(5)とを備え、
前記バルブ(5)は、前記凝縮作動流体通路(513)を流通する前記作動流体の温度が予め定めた基準温度以上になった際に、前記凝縮作動流体通路(513)を閉塞するように構成されていることを請求項1または2に記載の排熱回収装置。 - さらに、前記凝縮部(2)で凝縮した前記作動流体を前記貯留部(3)に導く凝縮作動流体通路(513)と、
前記凝縮作動流体通路(513)を開閉するバルブ(5)と
前記凝縮部(2)で凝縮した前記作動流体を、前記バルブ(5)を迂回させて前記貯留部(3)に導くバイパス通路(56)とを備えることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の排熱回収装置。 - 前記チューブ(10)には、前記加熱流体と前記作動流体との間の熱伝達を促進するフィン(11)が設けられており、
前記フィン(11)は、前記チューブ(10)の外側表面を螺旋状に塑性加工することにより形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載の排熱回収装置。 - 前記チューブ(10)には、前記加熱流体と前記作動流体との間の熱伝達を促進するフィン(11)が設けられており、
前記フィン(11)は、前記チューブ(10)の外側表面にローレット加工を施すことにより形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1つに記載の排熱回収装置。 - 前記チューブ(10)の内側表面には、前記貯留部(3)に貯留されている前記作動流体を毛管力で吸引して前記チューブ(10)に供給するための溝部(108)が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれか1つに記載の排熱回収装置。
- 前記加熱部(1)と前記貯留部(3)との間には、前記加熱部(1)の前記加熱流体から前記貯留部(3)の前記作動流体への伝熱を抑制する伝熱抑制部材(7)が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし7のいずれか1つに記載の排熱回収装置。
- 前記チューブ(10)は複数設けられており、
複数の前記チューブ(10)には、それぞれ、前記加熱流体と前記作動流体との間の熱伝達を促進するフィン(11)が設けられており、
前記複数のチューブ(10)に設けられた前記フィン(11)同士は、互いに非接続となっていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし8のいずれか1つに記載の排熱回収装置。 - 前記フィン(11)は、鉛直方向下方側に向かって突出する円弧状の曲面(110)を有していることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の排熱回収装置。
- 前記チューブ(10)は、有底の中空円筒状に形成されているとともに、側面部(102)と底部(101)とのなす角部が円弧状になっていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし10のいずれか1つに記載の排熱回収装置。
- 前記作動流体は水であり、
前記加熱部(1)、前記凝縮部(2)および前記貯留部(3)は、加熱されることにより前記作動流体と反応して水素ガスを発生させる材料から構成されており、
さらに、前記加熱流体が流通する加熱流体通路(74、100)と、
金属酸化物が封入されているとともに、前記水素ガスが流入する金属酸化物収容部(63)とを備え、
前記金属酸化物収容部(63)は、前記凝縮部(2)と連通しており、
前記金属酸化物収容部(63)の少なくとも一部は、前記加熱流体通路(74、100)内に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし11のいずれか1つに記載の排熱回収装置。 - 前記加熱部(1)と前記貯留部(3)との間には、前記加熱部(1)の前記加熱流体から前記貯留部(3)の前記作動流体への伝熱を抑制する伝熱抑制部材(7)が設けられており、
前記金属酸化物収容部(63)は、前記チューブ接合部(41)に接続されているとともに、前記チューブ接合部(41)と前記伝熱抑制部材(7)との間に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の排熱回収装置。 - 前記金属酸化物収容部(63)は、一部が前記加熱流体通路(74、100)と接触しているとともに、他の一部が外気と接触していることを特徴とする請求項12に記載の排熱回収装置。
- 前記凝縮部(2)の鉛直方向上方側には、前記水素ガスを前記金属酸化物収容部(63)へ導く水素ガス導入通路(62)が接続されていることを特徴とする請求項12ないし14のいずれか1つに記載の排熱回収装置。
- 前記加熱部(1)における前記加熱流体と前記作動流体との伝熱面積の合計をFg、前記加熱部(1)における前記作動流体が流通する部分の容積をVg、前記加熱流体の熱伝達率をαg、前記凝縮部(2)における前記被加熱流体と前記作動流体との伝熱面積の合計をFw、前記凝縮部(2)における前記作動流体が流通する部分の容積をVw、前記被加熱流体の熱伝達率をαw、前記貯留部(3)の容積をVcとしたとき、封入される前記作動流体の体積の下限値M1および上限値M2は、次の数式1および数式2
(数式1)
M1=Vw+0.4Vg
(数式2)
M2=Vw/2+Vc+150exp(-11×αgFg/αwFw)
にて示される関係を満たすように設定されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の排熱回収装置。 - 加熱流体と内部に封入された蒸発および凝縮可能な作動流体との間で熱交換を行い、前記作動流体を蒸発させる加熱部(1)と、
前記加熱部(1)で蒸発した前記作動流体と被加熱流体との間で熱交換を行い、前記作動流体を凝縮させる凝縮部(2)とを備える排熱回収装置であって、
前記加熱部(1)は、前記作動流体が流通するとともに、鉛直方向上方側端部が開口し、鉛直方向下方側端部が閉口したチューブ(10)を有しており、
前記加熱部(1)の鉛直方向上方側には、前記チューブ(10)の前記上方側が接合されるチューブ接合部(41)を有するとともに、前記凝縮部(2)で凝縮した前記作動流体を貯留する貯留部(3)が設けられていることを特徴とする排熱回収装置。
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2013
- 2013-03-28 JP JP2013068046A patent/JP6044419B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-01 US US14/420,296 patent/US9458792B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-01 WO PCT/JP2013/004662 patent/WO2014024437A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-08-01 CN CN201380041651.9A patent/CN104541045B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-08-01 DE DE112013003962.1T patent/DE112013003962T5/de not_active Withdrawn
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JPS5579992A (en) * | 1978-12-11 | 1980-06-16 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Heat transfer device |
JPS63247595A (ja) * | 1987-04-01 | 1988-10-14 | Takuma Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | サ−モサイフオン |
JPH01150413A (ja) * | 1987-12-09 | 1989-06-13 | Fujikura Ltd | ヒートパイプ管製造方法 |
JPH0552491A (ja) * | 1991-08-22 | 1993-03-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 熱交換装置 |
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JP2006317013A (ja) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-11-24 | Denso Corp | ヒートパイプおよびそれを用いた排熱回収装置 |
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JP2007155246A (ja) * | 2005-12-06 | 2007-06-21 | Denso Corp | ヒートパイプ装置 |
JP2008121909A (ja) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-29 | Iida Sangyo:Kk | ヒートパイプ |
JP2012215365A (ja) * | 2011-04-01 | 2012-11-08 | Yanmar Co Ltd | 熱交換器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104541045B (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
DE112013003962T5 (de) | 2015-04-23 |
JP6044419B2 (ja) | 2016-12-14 |
US20150226154A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
US9458792B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
JP2014051966A (ja) | 2014-03-20 |
CN104541045A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
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