WO2012002373A1 - 非ラウリン、非トランス、非テンパリング型製菓用油脂及びその製造法 - Google Patents
非ラウリン、非トランス、非テンパリング型製菓用油脂及びその製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012002373A1 WO2012002373A1 PCT/JP2011/064781 JP2011064781W WO2012002373A1 WO 2012002373 A1 WO2012002373 A1 WO 2012002373A1 JP 2011064781 W JP2011064781 W JP 2011064781W WO 2012002373 A1 WO2012002373 A1 WO 2012002373A1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/32—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G1/36—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fats used
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
- A23D9/013—Other fatty acid esters, e.g. phosphatides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/56—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor making liquid products, e.g. for making chocolate milk drinks and the products for their preparation, pastes for spreading, milk crumb
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery fat and oil and a method for producing the same, which has good mouth melting, texture and releasability and high compatibility with cocoa butter.
- the present invention relates to chocolates that have high bloom resistance, good gloss, and good melting of the mouth.
- Cocoa butter has been used as a typical fat for confectionery. Cocoa butter has a very sharp melting characteristic around body temperature, and is therefore used as an oil and fat material that provides a very good mouth melt and texture in confectionery applications.
- cocoa butter is a fat and oil having a polymorphic form mainly composed of a symmetric di-saturated monounsaturated triglyceride, so that a tempering operation is required to obtain stable crystals when solidified.
- the tempering operation requires skill, the confectionery industry often prefers a production method that does not require tempering. For this purpose, many studies have been made on vegetable oils and fats that do not require tempering.
- lauric acid type and high trans fatty acid content type fats and oils have been developed and marketed.
- lauric acid type fats and oils have a risk of generating unpleasant soapy flavors due to hydrolysis during storage, and high trans acid type fats and oils are considered to have a risk of affecting the health of trans acids from a nutritional standpoint in recent years. Therefore, non-tempering, non-trans and non-lauric acid type confectionery fats and oils that replace them are desired.
- Patent Document 1 In recent years, the following non-laurin, non-trans-type non-tempering type hard butter has been proposed.
- SSU 1,2-saturated-3-unsaturated triglyceride
- Patent Document 2 it is said that SSU (1,2-saturated-3-unsaturated triglyceride) is a main component and is used for chocolates without being subjected to tempering treatment. Since the enzyme transesterification and fractionation steps using the enzyme 1,3-specific lipase are required, the steps are complicated and there are problems in price.
- Patent Document 3 8 to 40% by weight of SSU component mainly containing 50% by weight of SUS (1,3-saturated-2-unsaturated triglyceride) is blended, and St (stearic acid) in all the constituent fatty acids.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a fractionated fat with a SUS / SSU mass ratio of 0.4 to 0.6 and St (stearic acid): P (palmitic acid) of 0.4 to 0.9.
- St / P ratio when used for coating fats and oils, there was a problem that the mouth was not sufficiently melted and the texture was poor.
- non-tempering type fats and oils that are non-laurin, non-trans type and have a function to achieve both a good bloom resistance and a texture in a cocoa butter-containing system such as those possessed by high trans acid type fats and oils are still obtained. Not.
- the present invention provides a non-laurin, non-trans, non-tempering type confectionery fat that has good mouth-melting, texture and releasability, high compatibility with cocoa butter, and excellent snap and bloom resistance. Various studies were conducted for this purpose.
- the object of the present invention is not a mouthfeel that is not melted in the mouth as in the prior art, and a texture that does not leave a waxy feeling, but is a non-tempering and non-lauric type that maintains a sharp mouth melt and has good compatibility with cocoa butter.
- another object is to provide a confectionery fat / fat substantially free of trans acid.
- the present inventors have surprisingly found that the above-mentioned fractionation of a random transesterified oil based on palm oil has been surprisingly achieved by balancing the amounts of tri-saturated fatty acid, diglyceride and stearic acid in the fat and oil.
- the present inventors have found that the problems can be solved and completed the present invention.
- the present invention is 1) a non-lauric, non-trans, non-tempering type confectionery fat that satisfies all the following conditions (1) to (5). 2) The non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery fat according to 1, wherein the diglyceride content is 4 to 9% by weight. 3) Palm oil or fractionated palm oil contains at least 25% by weight of stearic acid and 5% to 50% of fat containing 5 to 50% diglyceride. A method for producing confectionery fats and oils. 4) Chocolates using the confectionery fats described in 1-2. Is the main point.
- SSS content is 4-20% by weight
- the content of S2U is 50 to 85% by weight
- SUS / SSU weight ratio
- the sum of SU2 and U3 is 5-30% by weight
- St / P weight ratio
- S means a saturated fatty acid having 14 to 24 carbon atoms
- U means an unsaturated fatty acid having 14 to 24 carbon atoms
- St means stearic acid
- P means palmitic acid.
- a non-tempering type a non-lauric acid type, which is not a conventional food texture with a waxy feeling, maintains a good mouth melt and has good compatibility with cocoa butter, and a trans acid.
- the chocolates using the confectionery fats and oils of the present invention can make the mixing amount of cocoa butter equivalent to that of the conventional high trans acid type non-tempering fats and oils, have good flavor, and have excellent bloom resistance.
- the confectionery fat according to the present invention is a non-laurin, non-trans, non-tempering confectionery fat that satisfies all the following conditions (1) to (5).
- SSS content is 4-20% by weight
- S2U is 50 to 85% by weight
- SUS / SSU (weight ratio) is 0.4 to 0.8
- the sum of SU2 and U3 is 5-30% by weight (5)
- St / P (weight ratio) is 0.1 to 0.4
- S means a saturated fatty acid having 14 to 24 carbon atoms
- U means an unsaturated fatty acid having 14 to 24 carbon atoms
- St means stearic acid
- P means palmitic acid.
- the non-laurin in the present invention means that lauric fats and oils such as palm oil and palm kernel oil are not substantially used as raw materials, and specifically, the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid composition constituting the confectionery fats and oils.
- the fatty acid content of ⁇ 12 is less than 5% by weight, more preferably less than 3% by weight.
- the term “non-trans” in the present invention means that substantially no hardened oil (excluding extremely hardened oil) is used as a raw material. Specifically, the trans fatty acid content of the constituent fatty acids is less than 2% by weight, more Preferably it is less than 1% by weight.
- the non-tempering type is a type that can produce chocolate even by a method of omitting the temperature adjustment process (tempering process) and cooling and solidifying in the case of producing chocolates using such confectionery fats and oils. means.
- SSS means a triglyceride in which all fatty acids are S, but it does not mean that all fatty acids are composed of saturated fatty acids having the same chain length, and may be in the range of 14 to 24 carbon atoms. .
- the SSS content needs to be 4 to 20% by weight in the confectionery fat of the present invention, preferably 5 to 19% by weight, more preferably 7 to 13% by weight.
- the content of SSS is less than 4% by weight, the crystallization speed decreases, and the resulting chocolates cannot obtain an appropriate hardness.
- rate when using for a coating use will fall. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20% by weight, the snapping properties and melting of the mouth of the resulting chocolate will deteriorate.
- S2U means both triglyceride (SUS) in which the 1,3-position of the triglyceride is S and the 2-position is U, and the triglyceride (SSU) in which the 1,2-position is S and the 3-position is U.
- SUS triglyceride
- SSU triglyceride
- Chocolates are preferred to be hard at around room temperature and rapidly melt around body temperature, but in order to have such properties, the S2U content needs to be 50 to 85% by weight, Preferably it is 55 to 80% by weight, more preferably 65 to 75% by weight. If S2U is less than 50% by weight, the resulting chocolates become too soft at room temperature, and if it exceeds 85% by weight, it becomes too hard at room temperature, resulting in poor texture.
- SUS / SSU weight ratio
- the confectionery fats and oils of the present invention typically transesterify raw oil such as palm oil and / or palm fractionated oil using a metal catalyst to separate and remove the high melting point portion and the low melting point portion. Therefore, SUS / SSU is approximately 0.5.
- This confectionery fat can be blended with some other confectionery fats that contain a lot of SUS, such as palm mid-melting point (PMF), but if it exceeds 0.8, when mixed with cocoa butter, bloom or gray It becomes easy to occur.
- PMF palm mid-melting point
- U3 means a triglyceride in which all of the constituent fatty acids are U, but it does not mean that all fatty acids are composed only of unsaturated fatty acids having the same chain length, and if it is in the range of 14 to 24 carbon atoms good.
- the total content of SU2 and U3 needs to be 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 5.5 to 25% by weight, more preferably 5.5 to 10% by weight.
- Both SU2 and U3 are triglycerides that are difficult to crystallize at room temperature and behave as liquid components.
- S is substantially composed of St and P, but St / P (weight ratio) in the fats and oils needs to be 0.1 or more and 0.4 or less, Preferably, it is 0.15 or more and 0.35 or less.
- St / P is less than 0.1 or more than 0.4, bloom or graining tends to occur when mixed with cacao butter.
- S substantially consists of St and P means that the total content of St and P in S is 90% by weight or more, more preferably 95% by weight or more.
- the diglyceride content is preferably 4 to 9% by weight, more preferably 4.5 to 8.0% by weight. If it is less than 4% by weight, the texture becomes too hard. If it exceeds 9% by weight, the solidification rate is lowered, the chocolate is softened, and bloom tends to occur.
- the non-laurin, non-trans, non-tempering type confectionery fats and oils of the present invention are classified after, for example, random transesterification of a fat and oil blended with palm oil and / or a palm fractionation oil and an extremely hardened oil of palm oil.
- oils and fats containing at least 25% by weight of stearic acid and 5 to 50% by weight of fats and oils containing diglycerides can be randomly obtained. After transesterification, it can be obtained by a fractionation operation.
- the fats and oils containing diglyceride and stearic acid use the high melting point part and / or the low melting point part generated in the process of producing StOSt lipid (St: stearic acid, O: oleic acid) as cocoa butter substitute fat.
- StOSt is obtained by selectively binding stearic acid to the 1,3-position using 1,3-selective lipase to high oleic sunflower oil and removing the high melting point portion and the low melting point portion from the transesterified oil and fat.
- the high melting point portion has an oil and fat composition containing 70% by weight or more of stearic acid and 20% by weight or more of diglyceride in the constituent fatty acid composition. It can be suitably used for adjusting the acid content.
- the low melting point portion is mainly composed of StOO, but contains stearic acid in an amount of 25% by weight or more, and thus can be suitably used for adjusting the stearic acid content.
- a fractional low melting point part mainly composed of StOO such as shea fat and monkey fat can be used in the same manner.
- the random transesterification method may be a method using a chemical catalyst or an enzyme method.
- a chemical catalyst for example, an alkali metal catalyst such as sodium methylate can be used, and as the enzyme, for example, Alcaligenes, Penicillium, Thermomyces and the like can be mentioned.
- Alcaligenes, Penicillium, Thermomyces and the like can be mentioned.
- These lipases may be used by being immobilized on an ion exchange resin or diatomaceous earth by a known method, or may be used in a powder form.
- the fats and oils of the present invention can be obtained by removing the high melting point part, the low melting point part, and the high melting point part from the random transesterified fats and oils thus obtained by a fractionation method such as solvent fractionation and non-solvent fractionation. .
- a fractionation method such as solvent fractionation and non-solvent fractionation.
- Optional components such as colorants, emulsifiers, antioxidants, and fragrances used for ordinary confectionery can be appropriately added to the fats and oils of the present invention. These are 20% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less, based on the fat or oil of the present invention.
- emulsifier examples include glycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin organic acid fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, and lecithin.
- the confectionery fats and oils of the present invention obtained as described above can be used alone or in combination with cacao butter as fats and oils for chocolates, and chocolates can be produced by omitting the tempering treatment.
- the chocolates here are not limited by regulations (“Fair Regulations on the Labeling of Chocolates”) or legal regulations, but are chocolate chocolate such as sweet chocolate, milk chocolate, white chocolate or strawberry. Etc., including various chocolates.
- the confectionery fat according to the present invention is highly compatible with cocoa butter and can contain about 20% by weight of cocoa butter in the chocolate oil.
- the obtained chocolates have good meltability in the mouth, and also have good snapping and bloom resistance.
- Example 1 Random transesterification of blended oil consisting of 74% by weight palm oil fraction (iodine value 40.0), StOSt fat fraction low melting point 18%, StOSt fat fraction high melting point 8% by weight with sodium methylate To obtain a transesterified oil 1. The transesterified fat 1 was subjected to acetone fractionation to remove the high melting point portion and the low melting point portion to obtain a non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery fat according to the present invention.
- the StOSt fat fractionation low melting point part and the StOSt fat fractionation high melting point part are by-products generated in the process of producing StOSt fat as cocoa butter substitute fat, specifically, 30% by weight of high oleic sunflower oil
- An oil obtained by subjecting 70% by weight of stearic acid to transesterification with a commercially available 1,3-specific lipase was fractionated with hexane to obtain a low melting point part and a high melting point part.
- the amount of stearic acid in the high melting point portion of StOSt fat fraction is 80% by weight.
- Diglyceride was 23% by weight.
- the amount of stearic acid in the low melting point part of StOSt fat fraction was 29.0% by weight, and diglyceride was 2.5% by weight.
- a blended oil consisting of 68% by weight of the palm fraction high melting point part used in Example 1 and 18% by weight of the StOSt fat fraction low melting point part and 14% by weight of the palm extremely hardened oil used in Example 1 was randomized with sodium methylate.
- the transesterification was performed to obtain a transesterified fat 2.
- the transesterified oil 2 was subjected to acetone fractionation to remove the high melting point portion and the low melting point portion to obtain the non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery fat according to the present invention. (Example 3)
- the blended oil consisting of 78% by weight of the high-melting part of palm fraction used in Example 1 and 18% by weight of the low-melting part of StOSt fat fraction used in Example 1 and 4% by weight of the high-melting part of StOSt lipid fraction was used in sodium methylate. Random transesterification was carried out to obtain transesterified oil and fat 3. The transesterified fat / oil 3 was subjected to acetone fractionation to remove the high melting point portion and the low melting point portion to obtain a non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery fat / oil of the present invention.
- Example 4
- Example 5 The blended oil consisting of 18% by weight of the StOSt fat fractionation low melting point part used in Example 1 as well as 82% by weight of the palm fractionation high melting point part used in Example 1 was randomly transesterified with sodium methylate to obtain the transesterified fats and oils 4. It was. The transesterified fat 4 was subjected to acetone fractionation to remove the high melting point portion and the low melting point portion to obtain a non-laurin, non-trans, non-tempering type confectionery fat according to the present invention. (Example 5)
- a blended oil composed of 20% by weight of a high-melting part of palm fraction, 59% of palm oil and 21% of palm oil extremely hardened oil was randomly transesterified with sodium methylate to obtain a transesterified oil 5.
- the transesterified oil / fat 5 was subjected to acetone fractionation to remove the high melting point portion and the low melting point portion to obtain the non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery fat / oil of the present invention. (Example 6)
- the non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery of the present invention was formulated by blending the confectionery fat / oil of the present invention obtained in Example 5 and the high melting point portion by acetone fractionation in the same example in a ratio of 90 parts to 10 parts. It was used as oil. (Comparative Example 1)
- a blended oil consisting of 65% by weight of palm oil and 35% by weight of palm extremely hardened oil was subjected to random transesterification with sodium methylate to obtain a transesterified oil and fat.
- This transesterified oil and fat was subjected to acetone fractionation to remove the high melting point portion and the low melting point portion to obtain a non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery fat.
- Example 3 100% by weight of the palm fractionation high melting point part used in Example 1 was subjected to random transesterification with sodium methylate to obtain a transesterified oil and fat. This transesterified oil and fat was subjected to acetone fractionation to remove the high melting point portion and the low melting point portion to obtain a non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery fat. (Comparative Example 3)
- Example 2 Similar to 60% by weight of the palm fraction high melting point part used in Example 1, 18% by weight of the SOS fat fraction low melting part and 22% by weight of the SOS lipid fraction high melting part used in Example 1 were mixed with sodium methylate. Random transesterification was performed to obtain a transesterified fat. This transesterified oil and fat was subjected to acetone fractionation to remove the high melting point portion and the low melting point portion to obtain a non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery fat.
- Table 1 shows analytical values of the non-tempering type fats and oils of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- chocolate dough was prepared according to a conventional method with the composition shown in Table 2.
- the chocolate dough was poured into a cup at 60 ° C., and left for 30 minutes in a refrigerator at 5 ° C. without being subjected to tempering treatment, thereby rapidly cooling and solidifying the chocolate.
- the heat resistance and the bloom resistance were compared.
- the results are shown in Table 3.
- heat resistance indicates the peak value of rheometer value (using a 3 mm diameter plunger).
- the bloom resistance is evaluated by evaluating the state of chocolate when a predetermined number of days have passed after being left alternately in an environment of 17 ° C. and 30.5 ° C. (1 cycle / day). -(Good), ⁇ (loss of gloss), + (blooming), ++ (severe blooming).
- the evaluation of the texture represents ⁇ (excellent), ⁇ (good), ⁇ (slightly bad), and x (poor).
- the chocolates using the confectionery fats of Examples 1 to 6 showed good texture and bloom resistance unlike the conventional non-tempering fats and oils, but the confectionery fats and oils of Comparative Example 1 Although the chocolate using the heat resistance was too hard, the melt was poor in the mouth due to its too hard composition, and the mouth remained like a wax. In Comparative Example 2, the heat resistance was inferior, the shape retention at 27 ° C. or higher was not obtained, and the bloom resistance was also weak. In Comparative Example 3, the texture, heat resistance and the like were close to those of the Examples, but were inferior in bloom resistance. In Example 2, although it tends to be inferior due to a composition that is too hard in terms of slightly melting in the example 2, the texture was inferior to other examples.
- Non-laurin, non-trans and non-tempering type confectionery fats and oils according to the present invention contain a specific triglyceride composition, a specific St / P ratio, and a specific amount of diglyceride, so that the conventional non-laurin, non-trans acid, The texture and bloom resistance not found in non-tempering type fats and oils can be imparted to chocolates.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、上記テンパリング操作は熟練を要するものであるため、製菓業界では、しばしばテンパリングを必要としない製法が好まれる。この目的には、従来から、テンパリングを必要としない植物油脂に関する多くの検討が進められてきた。その結果として、ラウリン酸型及び高トランス脂肪酸含有型油脂が開発、上市されている。しかし、ラウリン酸型油脂は、保存時に加水分解による不快なソーピーフレーバーが発生するリスクがあること、高トランス酸型油脂は、近年の栄養学的見地からトランス酸の健康に与えるリスクが問題とされていることから、それらを代替する非テンパリング、非トランス型かつ非ラウリン酸型の製菓用油脂が要望されている。
また、特許文献4では、SUS/SSUの質量比が0.4~0.6で、St(ステアリン酸):P(パルミチン酸)を0.4~0.9とした分別油脂を提案しているが、このSt/P比率では、コーティング用油脂などに使用した場合、口溶けが不十分で食感が劣る問題があった。
上記のように、非ラウリン、非トランス型で、しかも高トランス酸型油脂が有するようなカカオ脂含有系で良好なブルーム耐性、及び食感を両立する機能を持つ非テンパリング型油脂は未だ得られていない。
(1)SSSの含有量が4~20重量%
(2)S2Uの含有量が50~85重量%
(3)SUS/SSU(重量比)が0.4~0.8
(4)SU2、U3の合計が5~30重量%
(5)St/P(重量比)が0.1~0.4
但し、Sは炭素数14~24の飽和脂肪酸、Uは炭素数14~24の不飽和脂肪酸、Stはステアリン酸、Pはパルミチン酸を意味する。
(1)SSSの含有量が4~20重量%
(2)S2Uの含有量が50~85重量%
(3)SUS/SSU(重量比)が0.4~0.8
(4)SU2、U3の合計が5~30重量%
(5)St/P(重量比)が0.1~0.4
但し、Sは炭素数14~24の飽和脂肪酸、Uは炭素数14~24の不飽和脂肪酸、Stはステアリン酸、Pはパルミチン酸を意味する。
また、本発明における非トランスとは、硬化油(極度硬化油を除く)を実質的に原料に用いないという趣旨であり、具体的には、構成脂肪酸においてトランス脂肪酸含量が2重量%未満、より好ましくは1重量%未満である。非テンパリング型とは、かかる製菓用油脂を用いてチョコレート類を製造する場合において、温度調整処理(テンパリング処理)を省略し、冷却固化させる方法によってもチョコレートを作成することができるタイプであることを意味する。
(2)S2Uは、トリグリセリドの1,3位がSで2位がUのトリグリセリド(SUS)及び1,2位がSで3位がUのトリグリセリド(SSU)の両方を意味する。チョコレート類は、室温付近で硬く、体温付近で急速に溶解する性質が好ましいのであるが、このような性質を持つためには、S2Uの含量は50~85重量%であることが必要であり、好ましくは55~80重量%、さらに好ましくは65~75重量%である。S2Uが50重量%未満であると、得られるチョコレート類が室温で軟らかくなりすぎ、85重量%超では室温で硬くなりすぎ、食感の悪化を招く。
(3)SUS/SSU(重量比)は、0.4~0.8であることが必要であり、好ましくは、0.5~0.6である。後述するように本発明の製菓用油脂は、典型的にはパーム油及び/又はパーム分別油等の原料油を金属触媒を用いてエステル交換し、高融点部と低融点部を分別除去することによって得られるので、SUS/SSU は、ほぼ0.5となる。この製菓用油脂に、パーム中融点部(PMF)などSUSを多く含む他の製菓用油脂を若干量配合することも可能であるが、0.8を超えると、カカオ脂と混合した時に、ブルームやグレーニングが発生しやすくなってしまう。また、0.4未満であれば、油脂のエステル交換と分別による濃縮が必要となるため、製造コストが高くなりすぎる問題があり好ましくない。
(4)U3は、構成する脂肪酸の全てがUであるトリグリセリドを意味するが、全てが同一鎖長の不飽和脂肪酸のみから構成されるという意味ではなく、炭素数14~24の範囲であれば良い。SU2とU3の合計含有量は、5~30重量%であることが必要であり、好ましくは5.5~25重量%、より好ましくは5.5~10重量%である。
SU2もU3も室温では結晶化しにくく、液体成分としての挙動を示すトリグリセリドであり、このSU2及びU3の合計含量が5重量%未満では得られるチョコレート類が室温で硬すぎ、食感の悪化を招く。また、30重量%超では、室温で柔らかくなりすぎ良好なスナップ性が得られない。
このようなジグリセリド及びステアリン酸を高濃度に含有する油脂とパーム油を混合することで、上記のようなステアリン酸とパルミチン酸の含量となる油脂を得ることができる。
本発明の製菓用油脂は、カカオ脂との相溶性が高くチョコレート油分中、カカオ脂を20重量%程度配合することができる。得られたチョコレート類は、口溶けが良好で、スナップ性、耐ブルーム性も良好である。
パーム油分別高融点部(ヨウ素価40.0、)74重量%とStOSt脂分別低融点部18重量%、StOSt脂分別高融点部8重量%からなる配合油を、ナトリウムメチラートによりランダムエステル交換を行いエステル交換油脂1を得た。このエステル交換油脂1をアセトン分別により、高融点部と低融点部を除去し、本発明の非ラウリン、非トランスかつ非テンパリング型製菓用油脂とした。
(実施例2)
(実施例3)
(実施例4)
(実施例5)
(実施例6)
(比較例1)
(比較例2)
(比較例3)
このチョコレートを20℃にて1週間安定化後、耐熱性及び耐ブルーム性の比較を行った。結果を表3に示す。表中、耐熱性は、レオメータ値のピーク値(3mm径のプランジャ-を使用)を示す。また、耐ブル-ム性は、17℃と30.5℃の環境下に交互に放置し(1サイクル/日)、所定の日数を経過したときのチョコレートの状態を評価したものである。―(良好)、±(艶消失)、+(ブル-ム発生)、++(激しいブル-ム)を示す。食感の評価は、◎(優れる)、○(良好)、△(やや不良)、×(不良)を表す。
Claims (4)
- 下記の条件を全て満たす、非ラウリン、非トランスかつ非テンパリング型製菓用油脂。
(1)SSSの含有量が4~20重量%
(2)S2Uの含有量が50~85重量%
(3)SUS/SSU(重量比)が0.4~0.8
(4)SU2、U3の合計が5~30重量%
(5)St/P(重量比)が0.1~0.4
但し、Sは炭素数14~24の飽和脂肪酸、Uは炭素数14~24の不飽和脂肪酸、Stはステアリン酸、Pはパルミチン酸を意味する。 - ジグリセリド含量が4~9重量%である、請求項1記載の非ラウリン、非トランスかつ非テンパリング型製菓用油脂。
- パーム油又は、パーム分別油にステアリン酸を25重量%以上含有し、且つジグリセリドを5~50重量%含有する油脂を5%以上配合し、ランダムエステル交換した後、分別操作にて請求項1~2のいずれか1項記載の製菓用油脂を得ることを特徴とする製造法。
- 請求項1~2のいずれか1項記載の製菓用油脂を使用したチョコレート類。
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