WO2005039969A1 - Hydrobase flottante submersible et procede pour reduire les sollicitations dues aux vagues produites par le vent - Google Patents

Hydrobase flottante submersible et procede pour reduire les sollicitations dues aux vagues produites par le vent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005039969A1
WO2005039969A1 PCT/CN2003/000894 CN0300894W WO2005039969A1 WO 2005039969 A1 WO2005039969 A1 WO 2005039969A1 CN 0300894 W CN0300894 W CN 0300894W WO 2005039969 A1 WO2005039969 A1 WO 2005039969A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floating
floating airport
airport
submersible
buoyancy
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PCT/CN2003/000894
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Xiaoji Yuan
Original Assignee
Xiaoji Yuan
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Publication date
Application filed by Xiaoji Yuan filed Critical Xiaoji Yuan
Priority to AU2003280541A priority Critical patent/AU2003280541A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2003/000894 priority patent/WO2005039969A1/fr
Publication of WO2005039969A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005039969A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/50—Vessels or floating structures for aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a submersible water; throbbing airport (hereinafter referred to as a floating airfield) and a method for reducing wind and wave loads.
  • a floating airfield throbbing airport
  • a floating airport is a giant structure floating on the water, and it should at least have the ability for a fixed-wing aircraft to take off and land in a conventional manner. To do this, it must have a considerable span and the necessary width.
  • large-span aquatic structures In the prior art, in order to withstand storms, large-span aquatic structures must have considerable structural strength and a large volume of floating bodies, thereby forming various practical technical difficulties and economic difficulties.
  • the most well-known floating airport in the art is the aircraft carrier.
  • An aircraft carrier is a fully functional and highly capable warship. Its characteristics are that the takeoff and landing distance of the aircraft is quite small (not more than 300 meters), and it must adopt catapult or block to take off and land. It has a large restriction on the type of aircraft and a high cost. Therefore, it is not suitable to be a large number of floating airports scattered throughout the ocean and able to adapt to the takeoff and landing of conventional aircraft.
  • a mobile offshore base which is made up of independent units capable of self-propellation, and is semi-circular.
  • the submerged structure prevents wind and wave damage, and adopts a method of improving the structural strength to "hard resist" the wind and wave, so the structure is very bulky. It does not take full advantage of the small load (relative to the deck area) of most airport base facilities.
  • the displacement of the working state based on the unit deck area is more than 7 tons per square meter, and the floating airport has a weight of about 5 tons per square meter. .
  • Each of its units is 300 meters long and has a working displacement of about 350,000 tons. A 1,000-meter-long airport will be built with it. The runway is far from long, and the displacement will exceed one million tons.
  • Another disadvantage is that it uses a small waterline surface semi-submersible structure, so its draught is more sensitive to load changes, and ballast water needs to be adjusted for compensation, which increases the volume of the ballast tank. Due to its heavy weight and huge motion inertia, it is impossible to perform anchoring and adopt dynamic anti-drift, resulting in huge power consumption.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a submersible floating airport and a method for reducing wind and wave loads.
  • the floating airport can not only ensure its structural safety under the largest wind and waves in the sea area, but also greatly reduce its structure. Weight, reducing construction and use costs.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned submersible floating airport and the method for reducing wind and wave load, so that the floating airport and the method can control the operation of the container in a simple, safe and reliable manner.
  • the above purpose of the present invention is basically to make a floating airport have a cost / efficiency ratio that meets practical needs, to make the floating airport suitable for popularization and application from the technical and economic aspects, and to make it possible to build a large number of floating airports.
  • total buoyancy for convenience of description, the concept of "total buoyancy" is adopted:
  • the so-called reserve buoyancy is the displacement of a volume above the waterline of a floating object, so it is related to the position of the waterline.
  • the so-called residual buoyancy is the difference between the displacement of a floating object at a certain waterline (ie, the displacement of the volume below the waterline) and the dead weight of the floating object, so it is also related to the position of the waterline.
  • the total buoyancy is equal to the difference between the displacement of the total volume of the object (ie, the sum of the volume above and below the waterline) and the weight of the object.
  • the displacement of an ordinary ship refers only to the volume of its underwater portion. Since it does not dive, the volume of the water section is not included.
  • a submersible floating airport includes at least a deck capable of taking off and landing an aircraft and a main structure below the deck, and further includes a variable buoyancy device and a depth control device. Reduce the total buoyancy of the floating airport to no more than about 10% of the maximum total buoyancy.
  • the level of the critical wind wave is determined during the design of the floating airport, and its value is at least greater than the maximum wind wave that can be normally operated and less than the maximum wind wave that may occur in the operating sea area.
  • stopping the floating airport from operating normally and abandoning its normal operating capabilities said stopping normal operations and abandoning its normal operating capabilities include:
  • the total buoyancy of the reduced floating airport is not greater than about 1 0 »/ « of the maximum total buoyancy;
  • the total buoyancy of the reduced floating airport is not greater than about 10% of the maximum total buoyancy
  • the wind wave load of the floating airport includes the load directly or indirectly acting on the anchoring system.
  • the diving of the floating airport can improve the safety of the facility in the waves. The reasons are as follows: 1) When the diving of the floating airport reaches the appropriate depth position, it will not bear the wind load at all; 2) At this time, the buoyancy distribution and water surface of the floating airport It has nothing to do with the wave, and there is no additional bending moment and additional shear load caused by the buoyancy distribution changes caused by waves; 3) The floating airport moderately dives, and the wave dynamic pressure load can be greatly reduced (well known, it decays exponentially) 4) Underwater The greater the depth, the lower the current velocity, and therefore the lower the current load; 5) The environmental load on the main body of the floating airport is reduced. In the case of the anchor drift prevention device, the load of the anchor device is also reduced accordingly. It can be seen that diving is beneficial to greatly reduce wind and wave loads, and the safety conditions of the structure will be further significantly improved.
  • the floating airport of the present invention can obtain the following basic beneficial effects by adopting the method for reducing the wind wave load of the present invention: According to the above-mentioned basic structure of the floating airport on the water and the above-mentioned basic method of reducing the load of the wind wave, the airport according to the above This method requires a dive and reduces wind and wave loads, so it is safe. On the other hand, lower wind load requires lower strength, Therefore its structure is lighter.
  • the above-mentioned basic structure and the above-mentioned basic method provided by the present invention can achieve the basic purpose of the present invention, that is, "the structural safety can be ensured under the maximum wind and waves in the sea area where it is located, and the weight of its structure can be greatly reduced and the construction reduced. And the use cost,... This can make the floating airport have a cost / efficiency ratio that meets practical needs, make the floating airport suitable for promotion and application from the technical and economic aspects, and make it possible to build a large number of floating airports.
  • the key to the basic technology of the present invention is the general idea of dividing the environmental conditions of the wind and waves into above and below the threshold, and compressing the general problem of reducing the load of wind and waves into the special problems of the waves above the threshold.
  • Load of wind waves that is to say, the so-called reduction of wind wave load in the present invention is only to reduce the load action of storm waves above the critical wave, but not to reduce the load action of wind waves below the threshold.
  • the sub-critical wind and wave environment is exactly the operating environment. Above the critical wind and wave environment is the environment that cannot be operated, so it can dive. At the same time, the main facilities of the airport are runways. The size of the runways is not large, and the equipment is not large, which makes it easy to dive. Submerged state The reduced load is the one that has the greatest impact on the safety of the floating airport structure. If it is resolved, the floating airport will be safe. This solution is not “hard resistance”, but “detour" into the water, so that the structure can be lightweight.
  • the airport structure According to the basic technology of the present invention, for the airport structure to be able to operate smoothly, it must have a large reserve buoyancy; and in order to be able to dive, it must be able to basically abandon the reserve buoyancy. Therefore, there must be a large amount of fluctuation in buoyancy, that is, a large-capacity variable buoyancy device.
  • the present invention proposes a variety of specific structures and corresponding methods of using variable buoyancy devices, among which, particularly, simple and practical gravity injection drainage structures and methods.
  • the airport structure must have the necessary depth control device to be able to dive down and continue to maintain stability after giving up buoyancy.
  • the depth control device may be a structure with a bottom constraint, which is suitable for the occasion where it is convenient to set the bottom structure; it may be a surface-constrained structure or a power device, which is suitable for those who are not convenient to set the bottom structure. Occasion. Different depth control devices have different depth control methods.
  • the present invention proposes some optional technical features of the overall structure of the floating airport, including:
  • Structures directly or indirectly connected by multiple relatively independent units similar to modularization); structures with small dead weight and small drainage volume (all calculated based on the unit slab area);
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall effect of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of gravity injection drainage according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the bottom constraint of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a floater in water when the bottom of the present invention is restrained
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of water surface constraints according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of heavy objects in water when the water surface is constrained according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of a structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • a submersible floating airport (hereinafter referred to as a floating airport) includes at least deck 1 capable of taking off and landing an aircraft and the main structure under the deck 1, and also includes variable buoyancy devices and depth.
  • the control device, the variable buoyancy device can reduce the total buoyancy of the floating airport to no more than about 10% of the maximum total buoyancy.
  • the structural strength of the floating airport meets the conditions i) the maximum level of wind and waves that can be adapted under the normal operating conditions on the water surface is the critical wave in the area where it is located, ii) the submerged state can adapt to the largest wave in the area where it is located, iii) The strength of the structure is lower than that required to withstand heavy storms on the water.
  • the invention can ensure the structural safety under the maximum wind and waves in the sea area where it is located, and maintain the stability of its attitude under the diving state. Because it adopts variable buoyancy device and depth control device, it can control the dive during the maximum wind and wave in the sea area, which can reduce The weight of the structure makes the structure lighter, which can greatly reduce the construction and use costs. At the same time, it also has the advantages of simple, safe and reliable control operations.
  • the maximum wind and wave level that may occur in the operating sea area in this embodiment is a 12-level sea condition.
  • Class 5 sea conditions are operational sea conditions. Flight operations must be stopped beyond this sea condition.
  • the critical wind and wave is set to a level 8 sea state, that is, the level 8 sea state must dive; the floating airport is designed to withstand the level 8 sea state.
  • the design strength of traditional non-submersible platforms must be able to withstand strengths greater than 12 sea conditions.
  • stopping the floating airport from operating normally and abandoning the ability to operate normally includes:
  • the total buoyancy of the reduced floating airport is not greater than about 10% of the maximum total buoyancy
  • the floating airport in this embodiment includes more than one relatively independent unit, and each of the relatively independent units has the fascia 1 and a main structure under the fascia 1, a variable buoyancy device, and Depth control device; adjacent or similar relatively independent units are directly or indirectly connected by a detachable connection.
  • the shape of each independent unit in a plan view is rectangular.
  • the rectangular armor plate 1 is 300M long, 60M wide, and has an area of 18 000 square meters.
  • a main structure is provided below the deck 1; the main structure described in this embodiment is a truss structure 2; the truss structure 2 has two layers, as shown in FIG.
  • the lower truss 22 is about 12M high, the grid distance is about 12-15M, and the truss
  • the rod is a tube with a diameter of 0.8M. There are holes in the pipe, and the seawater can enter and exit freely, so the drainage volume is negligible.
  • the upper truss 21 is about 2M high and the grid distance is 2-2. 5M.
  • the truss structure 2 The main structure of the pipe and tubular structure is mainly subjected to tensile and compressive forces in order to maintain the overall shape. Generally, the bending moment is relatively small.
  • part of the rod body of the truss structure may be provided as a pontoon; plural pontoons may also be provided on the truss structure; or plural pods may be provided on the truss structure, and part of the truss structure is provided as Float to grab.
  • a lower part of the lower truss structure 22 is provided with a tubular pontoon 3; in this embodiment, the tubular pontoon 3 is arranged in four parallel, with a diameter of 3.5M, a length of 300M, and operating water.
  • the line is located at the pontoon 3, the height of the upper part of the pontoon 3 above the water surface is about 2/3 of the diameter, and the waterline area is about 4000 square meters.
  • the buoyancy tank 3 includes a water-incoming compartment 31 and a constant buoyancy compartment 32.
  • a water-tight compartment door is provided on the water-incoming compartment 31.
  • the fixed buoyancy compartment 32 is a sealed-like chamber, and the interior can be filled with lightweight materials to ensure that no water can enter the broken cabin.
  • the water-incoming compartment 31 constitutes the gravity injection and drainage 31 1 in the variable buoyancy device of the present invention.
  • the gravity injection drainage I 311 is generally located above the working state waterline of the floating airport, and the height position of the bottom of the gravity injection drainage is near the operation state waterline;
  • a watertight hatch 3111 to the outside serves as a vent, and a large-sized watertight hatch 3112 serves as a sea vent.
  • the lower edge of at least one seagate hatch 3112 is the same height as the bottom surface of the ship room 311.
  • a ballast water gun 33 may be provided in the float 3 of this embodiment, and the dead weight of the floating airport is adjusted by adjusting the water filling amount of the ballast tank, so as to balance the fluctuation of the load of the floating airport and the waterline position in the distribution state .
  • the actual waterline position of the floating airport may be lower than the maximum waterline of the operation.
  • the ballast tank or other variable buoyancy device is used to adjust the load balance of the floating airport so that the actual waterline is at the maximum operating state.
  • the position of the waterline that is, the edge of the door 3112, is watertight in the gravity injection and drainage tank 311. In this state, when the floating airport is located at the normal waterline, after opening its watertight hatch doors 3111, 3112, external water cannot temporarily enter and exit the gravity injection and drainage tank 311 temporarily.
  • Opening this watertight door 3111, 3112 is equivalent to the floating airport giving up reserve buoyancy, so as long as the effective length of the chain cable 5 to shorten the subsea weight described below is adjusted by the driver 4, a small downward pull force is applied to the floating airport to float
  • the airport can begin to dive, and the external water enters gravity injection drainage 311 under the action of gravity. This process continues until the dive reaches the required depth of operation, at this time there is a certain tension on the chain cable 5, and the dive depth and underwater attitude of the floating airport tend to be stable.
  • the above process is reversed, that is, the length of the heavy chain cable 5 is lengthened to float the floating airport. From the time when the floating airport emerges from the water surface, the water in the gravity injection drainage tank 311 is It is discharged out of the cabin under the action of gravity, and finally the watertight hatch door 3112 is closed to restore the reserve buoyancy and resume normal operation.
  • the gravity injection drainage method described above includes,
  • the gravity injection drainage tank of this embodiment can use a small operation control to make a large volume to abandon reserve buoyancy, so that drainage is not required Too much power, the operation is too big.
  • variable buoyancy device in addition to the gravity injection and drainage tank and the ballast water tank, the variable buoyancy device further includes a detachable buoyancy tank 6, a detachable heavy tank 7, or a lifting object.
  • detachable pontoons 6 which are provided on the free space on deck 1 of each independent unit of the floating airport; during normal operation of the floating airport, the upper surface of pontoon 6 and floating airport deck 1 Contour becomes part of floating airport deck 1.
  • the detachable float 6 can further have a ballast tank, whose total buoyancy can be adjusted. When it leaves the floating airport body, it reduces the volume of the floating airport body, thereby reducing its total buoyancy. It can rely on its own buoyancy to remain on the water surface, and it can also become an external tensile structure relying on the water surface to exert restraining force on the floating airport.
  • the detachable pontoon 6 becomes a float of the depth control device after separation (see FIG. 6).
  • the power equipment of the floating airport such as a generator, can be installed in the pod 6, and the flexible airport is used to supply power to the floating airport.
  • the floating airport dive mode has a buoyancy tank with a generator 6 that does not dive so that the generator can work normally.
  • the detachable pod 6 can also be equipped with other equipment or cabin space that is not suitable for diving, such as a backup control center, heliport, etc. This equipment or cabin can float on the water when diving at a floating airport.
  • At least one of the above mentioned pods 6 is equipped with control equipment.
  • Several pods are equipped with thrusters and other facilities, and can be completely separated from the floating airport and become rescue capsules to escape if necessary.
  • the connection chain cable of the buoyancy cabin with a life-saving function may have a quick-release structure (such as an explosion bolt, a quick-release lock, etc.), so as to escape from the floating airport for emergency rescue when the floating airport may sink.
  • the independent unit of the floating airport also has 6 detachable weights, which are weights or heavy tanks 7, and the detachable weights or heavy tanks 7 are provided with ballast water tanks;
  • Each deadweight is 250 tons, and its volume is slightly equal to 250 cubic meters.
  • the ballast water tank is emptied, the buoyancy of the weight is slightly equal to its own weight, so the lifting power is small.
  • the ballast tank can become a liftable weight after being filled with water. When it is lifted from the bottom, it can increase the weight of the floating airport and reduce the total buoyancy.
  • the floating airport also includes a drift prevention device.
  • Anti-drift refers to a large change in the position limited in the horizontal plane, and the accuracy requirement is very low; and the function of the positioning device of the offshore platform is generally to maintain water High position accuracy in the horizontal and vertical directions.
  • anti-drift devices for floating airports are usually anchoring devices.
  • the anchors in the mooring devices include heavy blocks, underwater fixed structures (underwater engineering), or conventional anchors, where the heavy blocks are blocks without anchor hooks.
  • the anchoring device is provided with a chain cable, and the pulling direction of the chain cable points in the same direction. Due to the use of multi-point anchoring, it is difficult to achieve a balanced pulling force of each chain cable. If the pulling force of the chain cable is not balanced, the high-stressed chain cable is broken first, and when a heavy block without an anchor is used, the high-stressed anchor can Anchor, so the tension of each chain cable can be balanced.
  • the anti-drift device of the floating airport is a dynamic anti-drift device, including a horizontal omnidirectional thrust device; the thrust device also has the function of a navigation thruster.
  • the volume of the heavy water injection and drainage tank is about 121 00 cubic meters
  • the volume of the ballast tank is about 1 G 00 cubic meters
  • the volume of the fixed buoyancy buoyancy tank is about 66 00 cubic meters. Its buoyancy is close to the weight of the airport structure, so The waterline is at the boundary of the gravity injection and drainage tank of the cabin.
  • the volume of the floating airport, except for the buoyancy tank, is about 700 cubic meters, which is above the operating waterline.
  • the floating airport structure has a weight of about 6,600 tons.
  • variable buoyancy device can reduce the total buoyancy of the floating airport to not more than about 10% of the maximum total buoyancy. This embodiment meets the requirements.
  • the deck 1 in order to reduce the wave dynamic load effect in the submerged state, is a hollow structure, the size of the hollow holes is 15mm x 15mm, the center distance of the holes is 25mra, and the hollow ratio is 72%, which is greater than that of the present invention.
  • the set lower limit is greater than 50 ° /. .
  • the present invention can make the structural dead weight calculated according to the unit slab area small.
  • the upper limit determined by the invention is less than 1 ton per square meter.
  • the present invention can achieve a maximum total displacement calculated in terms of unit deck area.
  • the floating airport's 300-meter span in one direction is greater than or equal to 200 meters of the maximum wavelength of critical waves in the water area.
  • the waterline area of a solid structure near the water surface provided by the present invention is only a portion of the total area of the airport structure distribution area.
  • the above options can make the floating airport have a large span and a large distribution space, as well as a relatively small dead weight, a relatively small volume, and a relatively small waterline area, so that the floating airport can be greatly lightweight, improve stability, Reduce navigation resistance.
  • the basic structure of the depth control device of the floating airport is: it has an external tension structure that applies external tension to the floating airport.
  • the external tension structure includes an external tension structure and an auxiliary external tension structure.
  • the external tension structure is an underwater structure. 8 (fig. 4, 5) or surface float 9 (fig. 6, 7 , 8), the surface float 9 includes a detachable buoyancy tank 6; the auxiliary external tension structure is a weight 8 in the water,
  • the heavy object in the water may be a heavy block or a heavy tank, ( Figure 7) or a floating float 9 '( Figure 5); the external tension structure and the floating airport are connected by a chain cable, and a driving mechanism is used to adjust the chain cable effectively. length.
  • the surface float in the depth control device includes a detachable pontoon that keeps the chain cable tight after separation; the underwater structure in the depth control device includes a detachable heavy tank that drops to the bottom; the underwater structure in the depth control device includes an anchor The heavy weight in water in the depth control device includes a detachable heavy tank left in the water after separation.
  • the safe diving state of the floating airport is a restricted diving state.
  • the method to achieve this is to reduce and adjust the total buoyancy of the floating airport and set and adjust the depth constraint of the floating airport; the reduced total buoyancy of the floating airport does not It is greater than about 10% of the maximum total buoyancy when the floating airport is fully loaded under ice conditions; the depth of the constrained dive is below the trough of the largest wave that may occur, and not greater than the corresponding depth of 1/2 the maximum wavelength.
  • the depth constraint of the "set" floating airport is to apply an external pulling force to the floating airport through a chain cable using an external pulling structure; at least three of the external pulling forces are dependent external pulling forces, and the rest are auxiliary external pulling forces.
  • the external pulling force is called a binding force, and is a pulling force applied to the floating airport by a submarine structure or a surface float through a chain cable.
  • the auxiliary external pulling force is a pulling force applied to the floating airport by a heavy object in the water or a float in the water through the chain cable.
  • the cables 5 and 5 through which the binding force passes are called binding cables.
  • the effective length of the restraint chain determines the depth position of each restraint point of the floating airport, and determines the dive depth of the floating airport.
  • the bottom structure includes anchors, heavy tanks, heavy blocks, and underwater fixed structures (underwater engineering).
  • Extra heavy anchors, heavy navigation and heavy blocks can have ballast tanks. The increased buoyancy during ballast grab emptying can partially or completely offset the deadweight, which can help lift these structures.
  • a simple content of the "adjusting the depth constraint of a floating airport” is to adjust the huge distance between each constraint point and each support (the underwater structure 8, the surface float 9) by adjusting the effective length of each constraint chain.
  • the characteristics of constrained diving are: unbalanced diving, floating state may be unbalanced, buoyancy distribution may be unbalanced, simple control, stable attitude, and low power consumption.
  • the depth control device of this floating airport can adopt the "7 bottom constraint" formula. Structure.
  • Underwater restraint type depth control device (see Figure 4). It has several underwater structures 8 such as anchors, weights or underwater fixed structures. It is based on the underwater structure 8 and exerts downward and downward restraining force on the floating airport through the chain cable 5.
  • the bottom constraint requires the equivalent residual buoyancy of the floating airport to be greater than zero.
  • the sum of the pulling forces of all restraint chains 5 is equal to the equivalent residual buoyancy, but in the opposite direction.
  • the diving depth of a floating airport is determined by the design strength of the floating airport or floating airport and the storm conditions of the environment. When the maximum storm is likely, you must dive to the depth specified by the design to withstand the maximum storm. By using the driving mechanism to adjust the effective length of the chain cable 5, the dive depth of the floating airport can be adjusted. In this embodiment, the diving depth of the floating airport is not greater than 1/2 of the wavelength of the largest wave in the water area, because the underwater kinetic energy of the wave can be ignored at this depth.
  • Another content of the "adjusting the depth constraint of the floating airport” is to adjust the ability of the floating airport to remain stable in a wave disturbance environment.
  • Interference forces such as wave forces may affect the stability of the depth position of each constraint point, and thus affect the stability of the depth of the floating airport and the stability of the attitude of the floating airport.
  • the tension of the restraint cable should be determined according to the possible interference force (mainly the wave force) and the level of stability requirements of the floating airport, that is, the equivalent remaining buoyancy of the floating airport, which is the equivalent of the floating airport.
  • the remaining buoyancy is determined according to the tension of the restraint chain cable required to maintain the stability of the floating airport under the diving condition in a storm environment; adjusting the depth constraint of the floating airport is to adjust the effective length of the chain cable, the equivalent residual buoyancy of the floating airport, and the external supporting force That is to restrain the pulling force.
  • the depth control device of this floating airport can also be used in waters where the water depth is not suitable for the underwater structure.
  • the airport sinks naturally, and its depth is controlled by the surface float through a cable.
  • the total buoyancy of the surface float is greater than the absolute value of the maximum negative equivalent residual buoyancy that may occur at the floating airport, so as to ensure that the floating airport does not sink under the condition of breakage.
  • the effective length of the chain cable 5 determines the dive depth of the floating airport.
  • the relative relationship between the effective lengths of the chain cables 5 at each constraint point determines the attitude of the floating airport.
  • the restraint chain should also be determined according to the possible interference and the level of stability requirements for the floating airport The tension of the cable.
  • the minimum allowable constraint cable tension should be set, and the effective length of the chain cable 5 connected to the surface float is adjusted at any time.
  • This embodiment uses a constant tension windlass.
  • the depth control device of the floating airport can also adopt a bottom-water surface restraint structure.
  • Bottom-water surface restraint type depth control device see Figure 8. It relies on several underwater structures 8 and several surface structures 9 at the same time. At this time, the equivalent residual buoyancy of the floating airport can be greater than, equal to, and less than zero.
  • the total buoyancy of the surface float is greater than the absolute value of the maximum negative equivalent residual buoyancy that may occur at the floating airport, so as to ensure that the floating airport does not sink under the breaking conditions.
  • the heavy objects or floats in the water can be basically stabilized. It does not move), does not move up and down with the floating airport in order to reduce the power of movement.
  • the adjustment operation to constrain the effective length and tension of the chain cables 5 'and 5 is relatively complicated.
  • One recommended adjustment operation method is: ⁇ Determine the chain cable 5 according to the required diving depth. Length and the basic length of the chain cable 5 '. ii) The total buoyancy of the float 9 is adjusted by adjusting the ballast water amount of the float 9; iii) The waterline of the float 9 is adjusted by a slight adjustment of the effective length of the chain cable 5 'on the basic length J ⁇ ii, so that it can be adjusted The remaining buoyancy in the total buoyancy of the float 9 is divided from the reserve buoyancy, and determines the tension of the chain cable 5 ′. iv) Adjust the remaining buoyancy of the floating airport while adjusting i i i) above to adjust the tension of the chain cable 5.
  • the detachable pontoon can be kept on the water or in the water after being separated from the floating airport. After the floating grab is separated, it can be connected with the floating airport by a chain cable, and one end of the chain cable has a chain cable driving mechanism for changing the effective length of the chain cable.
  • the separable buoy can be used as a float in the depth control device after separation, which can tension the chain cable to transmit buoyancy. Certain equipment or cabins that are not suitable for diving can be arranged in a detachable float and left on the surface after separation. Therefore it can be used as a surface float in a depth control device.
  • the detachable buoyancy tank that can be submerged can also be used as an underwater float in the depth control device.
  • the connecting chain cable should have a quick-release structure.
  • the detachable heavy tank of the floating airport can sink in the water or fall to the bottom after being separated from the floating airport; the heavy gun has a chain cable connection with the floating airport after separation; one end of the chain cable has a chain cable A driving mechanism for changing the effective length of the chain cable, which can be used as a depth after being separated
  • the heavy weight in the water or the bottom weight in the control device can also be used as a liftable weight in the variable buoyancy device. Therefore, the variable buoyancy structure and the partial structure of the depth control device of the floating airport can be shared and replaced with each other.
  • the buoyancy of a separable structure should be judged in the buoyancy calculation according to the function of the structure in different situations. For example, when the heavy objects in the water and the floats in the water are diving with the floating airport, they should be considered as part of the floating airport. Their positive or negative buoyancy should be included in the buoyancy of the floating airport. The buoyancy included in the floating airport can only be considered as a component of "equivalent" buoyancy. For another example, a heavy object that sinks to the bottom of the water during operation should be regarded as the underwater structure of the depth control device. When the weight is lifted during a dive, it will be lifted and then floated down to float the airport.
  • variable buoyancy device It should be regarded as a floating airport variable buoyancy device. This will affect the capacity of the variable buoyancy device of the floating airport; if it is not lifted, it should be regarded as a weight in the depth control device, and its buoyancy can only be included in "equivalent" buoyancy.
  • a float and a weight can be arranged to be connected to the same driving mechanism through a chain cable.
  • the heavy objects in the water or the floats in the water are basically stable and do not move up and down with the floating airport, which can reduce the power of movement.
  • the depth control device may have a sensor for measuring the tension of the chain cable, a sensor for measuring the effective length of the chain cable, and a sensor for measuring the horizontal angle and / or the pitch direction angle of the chain cable (the repeated text is added only to avoid The term "and / or” is ambiguous), and the measured tension signal, length signal and direction angle signal are sent to the control system of the floating airport.
  • These signals can be used to determine the following relevant parameters of the floating airport system: the waterline position of the main body of the floating airport and the detachable pontoon, the reserve buoyancy, the remaining buoyancy, the dive depth of the main body of the floating airport, the speed and acceleration of the dive and buoyancy, Swing attitude, wave period, current direction, velocity, etc.
  • the mass of the floating airport is large, but the wave force is quite small after the dive. It is relatively easy to maintain the basic stability of the depth position with a certain restraining tension.
  • the surface float 9 is constantly subjected to waves, and the tension of the chain cable 5 will be constantly changed, sometimes loosened and tight, and there will be more or less disturbance to the depth position of the floating airport. Therefore, the effective length of the surface float chain cable 5 should be continuously adjusted according to the necessity of the situation.
  • the adjustment method is to use the sensor to feedback the chain cable tension, set the upper and lower limits of the tension and the average value of the effective length variable of the chain cable 5, and control it with an automatic control system.
  • the end of the main body unit and the adjacent main body unit are connected by a plurality of bolts, snaps or pins to achieve multi-point connection, so that the main body units are rigidly connected, and the connection points are located near the nodes of the truss structure.
  • Three sets of traction chain cables and three sets of guide structures are arranged between two adjacent main units, and the two main units can be pulled closer from the separated state by the traction chain cables; the guide points align each connection point for connection; In the near process, the respective thrusters generate reverse thrust to prevent the two main body unit structures from colliding with each other.
  • the critical wave height of the floating airport is greater than 10 meters, the wave amplitude is greater than 5 meters, and the maximum wave amplitude of the water area is 15 meters.
  • the slab 1 is about 10 meters away from the static horizontal plane, which is larger than the critical wave amplitude, and it will not be waved on the slab 1 during operation.
  • the height of sampan 1 is far less than 80% of the maximum amplitude, which is difficult to achieve in the existing floating surface fixed-point operation floating airport. Therefore, the floating airport can be made less sloshing, and the local buoyancy no longer increases after the wave peak partially exceeds the upper edge of the floating body.
  • any vertical cross-sectional area of the floating airport in the longitudinal and lateral directions is not greater than 50% of the area within the envelope of the cross-sectional structure. Make the additional bending moment and shear force induced by the wave small. When operating normally in a sub-critical wave environment, the attitude of the floating airport is very stable regardless of the wave direction.
  • the floating airport in the surface operation state its waterline area does not exceed the total area of the envelope envelope of the vertical projection (projected on the horizontal plane) outline of the floating airport structure is about 15%.
  • the small waterline area is distributed in a relatively large water area, and is mainly distributed near the periphery of the water area, so it is easy to improve the stability of the floating airport in design.
  • the floating airport uses constrained dives in wind and wave environments above the threshold to reduce the damage caused by wind and wave loads.
  • the structural strength of the floating airport can adapt to the maximum wind and waves in the sea area where the dive is restricted.
  • the present invention can ensure the structural safety of the sea under the largest wind and waves, and can reduce the weight of its structure to make the structure lighter, which can greatly reduce the construction and use costs.
  • the floating airport of the present invention can be migrated and controlled for diving; its variable buoyancy device and depth control device can maintain the stability of the attitude of the floating airport in the operating and diving state.
  • the floating airport control tube is single, safe and reliable; it can be further reduced in weight when the unit slab area load is small, and the overall resistance is reduced to further reduce its wave resistance, wind resistance and navigation resistance, and reduce wave induction. Additional bending moment and additional shear force; when the maximum storm is encountered, it can ensure the safety of its own structure and anchoring system; in short, the invention makes the floating airport large-scale from the technical and economic aspects.
  • a plate-shaped box structure 2 is provided under the sampan plate 1.
  • the plate-shaped box structure 2 is divided into upper and lower portions.
  • a watertight adobe door is provided on the upper level 2 ⁇ to form a water-incoming compartment; the lower level 22 is a constant buoyancy compartment with fixed buoyancy.
  • the deck of each main unit is 300 meters long and 60 meters wide.
  • the upper part of the main unit of the floating airport is 3 meters high; the plate-shaped box structure is composed of 8 hidden thick steel plates, and it adopts the windproof structure of US Patent 6089175 of Japan Matsubishi Heavy Industries. Plate-shaped box structure 2. Gravity injection drainage tank and ballast tank are set in the upper floor.
  • the airport can accept aircraft takeoff and landing operations.
  • the wave height reached 15 meters, the floating airport dived.
  • the principle and structure of this embodiment are basically the same as those of Embodiment 1.
  • the floating airport has a multi-chain cable heavy tank 10
  • the heavy grab 10 has at least two chain cables 101 and 102.
  • Each chain cable is connected to a driving mechanism 11 provided on the floating airport main unit, which can change the length of the chain cable.
  • the multi-chain cable heavy tank 10 may further include three chain cables 101, 102, 103.
  • Each chain cable is connected to a driving mechanism 11 provided on the main body of the floating airport that can change the length of the chain cable.
  • the projection positions of the three driving mechanisms 11 in the horizontal plane are not collinear.
  • the multi-chain cable heavy tank 10 or weight has the following functions: (1) a detachable heavy tank or a liftable weight as a variable buoyancy device; (2) an underwater weight as a depth control device; (3) As the anchor or weight of the anti-drift device, it is used to adjust the gravity distribution state (such as changing the length of the three chain cables, the gravity distribution state can be adjusted); (5) It is used to correct or eliminate the anchorage failure, if the anchorage situation occurs At this time, the other cables can be pulled to make the anchor or heavy tank, heavy object, etc. pass the obstacle. As shown in FIG. 11, when the re-grabbing 10 does not show a stuck anchor, the cables 101 and 102 are in a normal state.
  • the heavy tank 10 When the heavy tank 10 is caught by the underwater object, the heavy tank 10 can be pulled over the underwater object by pulling the chain cable 102, and the pulled chain cable is in a state of 101, 102, so that the anchor failure can be corrected or eliminated .
  • the direction of the arrow in the figure is the direction of the water flow.
  • this embodiment has the same main truss structure, the same gravity injection and drainage device and ballast tank. The difference is that, as shown in Fig. 9, the depth control device and anti-drift device are dynamic.
  • each main unit is provided with four thrusters 6, all of which are space universal thrusters.
  • the thruster 6 When the floating airport descends, the thruster 6 'is used to dive the floating airport into the water; The propeller 6 also makes the floating airport surface.
  • this thruster can also have the function of a navigation thruster, and can keep the floating airport from drifting. Therefore, the thruster can have three functions: depth control, navigation and anti-drift.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une hydrobase flottante submersible et un procédé pour réduire les sollicitations dues aux vagues produites par le vent. Cette hydrobase comprend une surface d'atterrissage d'avions (1) et une structure principale située sous ladite surface, des compartiments à flottabilité variable et un système de régulation de profondeur. Dans des conditions de mer agitée, il est possible d'interrompre le fonctionnement de l'hydrobase flottante et de l'immerger pour réduire les risques de dégradations provoquées par les vagues produites par le vent. L'hydrobase flottante peut ainsi être protégée, son poids peut être réduit et ses coûts de construction et d'exploitation peuvent être diminués.
PCT/CN2003/000894 2003-10-24 2003-10-24 Hydrobase flottante submersible et procede pour reduire les sollicitations dues aux vagues produites par le vent WO2005039969A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003280541A AU2003280541A1 (en) 2003-10-24 2003-10-24 A submersible floating seadrome and a method to decrease wind-wave load
PCT/CN2003/000894 WO2005039969A1 (fr) 2003-10-24 2003-10-24 Hydrobase flottante submersible et procede pour reduire les sollicitations dues aux vagues produites par le vent

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2003/000894 WO2005039969A1 (fr) 2003-10-24 2003-10-24 Hydrobase flottante submersible et procede pour reduire les sollicitations dues aux vagues produites par le vent

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WO2005039969A1 true WO2005039969A1 (fr) 2005-05-06

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3073813A1 (fr) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-24 Serge Rybak Plateforme flottante pour la reception d'aeronefs comprenant un dispositif de stabilisation
WO2021099093A1 (fr) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-27 HERREWYN, Jean Michel Corps flottant et procédé de stabilisation d'un corps flottant

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110775199B (zh) * 2019-10-10 2022-05-20 哈尔滨工程大学 一种可升沉的海流能潜标

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4481899A (en) * 1981-10-07 1984-11-13 Ingenior F. Selmer A/S Floating platform structure
GB2200872A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-08-17 Andrea Gillian Owens Submersible air base
US5799603A (en) * 1993-11-18 1998-09-01 Tellington; Wentworth J. Shock-absorbing system for floating platform
CN1269759A (zh) * 1997-09-08 2000-10-11 麦克德莫技术股份有限公司 可移动的海上基地
JP2001114189A (ja) * 1999-10-19 2001-04-24 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd 浮体式海上プラットフォーム

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4481899A (en) * 1981-10-07 1984-11-13 Ingenior F. Selmer A/S Floating platform structure
GB2200872A (en) * 1987-02-09 1988-08-17 Andrea Gillian Owens Submersible air base
US5799603A (en) * 1993-11-18 1998-09-01 Tellington; Wentworth J. Shock-absorbing system for floating platform
CN1269759A (zh) * 1997-09-08 2000-10-11 麦克德莫技术股份有限公司 可移动的海上基地
JP2001114189A (ja) * 1999-10-19 2001-04-24 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd 浮体式海上プラットフォーム

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3073813A1 (fr) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-24 Serge Rybak Plateforme flottante pour la reception d'aeronefs comprenant un dispositif de stabilisation
WO2019101892A1 (fr) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-31 Rybac Serge Plateforme flottante pour la réception d'aéronefs comprenant un dispositif de stabilisation
WO2021099093A1 (fr) * 2019-11-18 2021-05-27 HERREWYN, Jean Michel Corps flottant et procédé de stabilisation d'un corps flottant

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