WO2003091092A1 - Procede de reduction de la puissance de la houle due au vent exercee sur une plateforme a site de fixation a la surface de l'eau et plateforme associee - Google Patents

Procede de reduction de la puissance de la houle due au vent exercee sur une plateforme a site de fixation a la surface de l'eau et plateforme associee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003091092A1
WO2003091092A1 PCT/CN2003/000304 CN0300304W WO03091092A1 WO 2003091092 A1 WO2003091092 A1 WO 2003091092A1 CN 0300304 W CN0300304 W CN 0300304W WO 03091092 A1 WO03091092 A1 WO 03091092A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
platform
buoyancy
wave
surface fixed
point
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Application number
PCT/CN2003/000304
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Xiaoji Yuan
Original Assignee
Xiaoji Yuan
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Publication date
Application filed by Xiaoji Yuan filed Critical Xiaoji Yuan
Priority to AU2003236163A priority Critical patent/AU2003236163A1/en
Publication of WO2003091092A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003091092A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water surface operation platform, in particular to a method for reducing wind wave load on a water surface fixed-point operation platform and a water surface fixed-point operation platform.
  • the surface fixed-point operation platform refers to a platform that mainly operates on the surface of the water and does not sail during operation. Facing the new century, the development and utilization of marine resources will promote and promote the economic, scientific, and military development of various countries. Therefore, it can create a working space that is similar to land to a certain extent, that is, a fixed surface operating platform on the water surface. It is an issue that many countries urgently need to solve.
  • the marine environment is different from the land, and wind and waves often occur.
  • wind waves act on water structures, mainly in the following load forms: a. Wind load; b. Static load of waves-mainly the additional bending moment and additional shear caused by changes in the buoyancy distribution caused by changes in the position of the wave peaks and valleys Two static load of force; c Dynamic load of wave one-mainly the dynamic pressure and slamming of the wave; d.
  • the effect of wind and wave on the anchoring device-including the direct effect of the wave on the anchoring device, and more importantly the wind and wave Indirect effects on the anchoring device include i) wind force acting on the aquatic structure and transmitting to the anchoring device; ii) wave force transmitted through the platform to the anchoring device; iii) wind waves causing the platform's motion response (such as swaying and heave) on the platform And the dynamic effects on the anchoring system, such as the stress of the anchor chain and the stress on the platform where the anchor chain is acting.
  • the strong resistance to wind and wave loads is to increase the "hard resistance” of the structural strength.
  • the result of hard resistance is the malignant "magnification” caused by the repeated interaction of various factors.
  • the rigid resistance requires the structural strength of the platform and the anchoring device to be increased to make it thick and heavy.
  • the heavy structure causes the platform to discharge a large amount of water under a given span, area and payload.
  • Large displacement requires a corresponding increase in reserve buoyancy.
  • the large displacement and large reserve buoyancy of the facility will increase the wind wave load and its response motion energy, which will result in higher requirements for the strength of the platform and its anchoring devices, making them more cumbersome. .
  • the result of such a vicious "cycle” is that the structure of the platform and its anchoring device far exceeds the needs of normal operation itself.
  • Small waterline surface structure is a well-known special contour design to reduce wave action.
  • the typical design is that the upper body of the facility leaves the water surface, and the lower buoy submerged into the water, and is connected by a small cross-section structure, the so-called "small waterline surface”.
  • Its advantage is that it has a small response to wave motion.
  • the disadvantage is that it is quite sensitive to load changes (load size and position changes), so the load capacity is small, the structure is heavy, and the cost is high.
  • the middle structure can usually only take a reasonably small waterline area, so the response to the wave motion cannot be very small, which weakens the stability of the facility in the wave.
  • the tension cable structure is a well-known special restraint structure to reduce wave action.
  • the typical design is that the facility has a large buoyancy, and a strong fixed structure is set up at the bottom of the water. The facility is forced to pull down from the normal waterline position to a large number of cables that are vertically downward and have a large sum of cross-sectional area. Considerable draught, at this time the cable has a great tension.
  • This technology is used for semi-submersible platforms, and its main role is to eliminate or basically eliminate the heave caused by waves or changes in operating loads during platform operations.
  • the semi-submersible platform's anti-wind wave technology mainly adopts a small waterline surface structure to reduce the response to waves; increase the structural height to keep the deck away from the water surface; do not operate in heavy storms, anchoring devices and tension cables Unloading is relaxed, the platform reduces draught and raises the deck further away from the water surface to prevent waves from slamming; some platforms use tension cable technology.
  • the shortcomings of the semi-submersible platform's anti-wind wave technology are mainly that the small waterplane surface structure has a small bearing capacity, a heavy structure, and a high cost; the large platform structure height makes the structure more heavy, and the cost is higher; only the deck slamming is prevented, and the platform The middle and lower structures are still completely exposed to the wind and waves; the platform responds to the movement of the waves during heavy storms, and the anchoring device is subject to large forces; the tension cable can only eliminate the sloshing and cannot reduce the load of the wind and waves, and its structure More bulky.
  • the main body of the semi-submersible ship can basically eliminate the wind load and the static load of the waves after diving, and it can be reduced to some extent Dynamic loading of waves.
  • the disadvantage of semi-submersible technology is that it requires precise and balanced control of the total buoyancy and buoyancy distribution, and the related technology is quite complicated; the control system has large power, is very complex and expensive, and examples of actual events have shown that its stability is still marginal ; Towering structure affects the wide range of applications, such as not suitable for airport platforms.
  • the surface fixed-point operation platform in the prior art cannot ensure the structural safety of the platform under the largest wind wave in the sea area, but can not increase the weight of the platform too much, making the platform lighter.
  • the prior art especially a platform with a large working span and ensuring necessary overall rigidity under working conditions, and a large-area deck, it is more difficult to achieve both storm resistance and light weight.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fixed-point surface operation platform and a method for reducing wind wave load, which can not only ensure the structural safety of the platform under the largest wind wave in the sea area, but also reduce the weight of the platform and make the platform lighter.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a surface fixed-point operation platform and a method for reducing wind wave load, so that the control operation of the platform is single, safe and reliable.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a surface fixed-point operation platform and a method for reducing wind wave load, which can maintain the stability of the platform's attitude in any state.
  • the above purpose of the present invention is, in the final analysis, to provide a surface fixed-point operation platform and a method for reducing wind and wave loads, and provide the possibility of large-scale platforms from the technical and economic aspects.
  • the present invention proposes a general concept of a method for reducing wind wave load on a fixed-point surface operating platform.
  • the basic method is to maintain the platform's total buoyancy and overall rigidity required for operation in a subcritical wind and wave environment with normal operation. Capability; In a wind and wave environment above the threshold, stop the platform from operating normally, and abandon the normal operation ability, so that the platform or platform body is in a specific safety state, reduce the damage of the wind wave load on the platform structure and its anchoring system, and ensure self-survival.
  • the key to this basic method is the general idea of dividing the environmental conditions of the wind and waves into above and below the threshold, and compressing the general problem of reducing the load of the wind and waves into the special problem of the waves above the threshold.
  • All the technical measures of the present invention focus on reducing the waves above the threshold.
  • Loading effect That is to say, the so-called reduction of wind wave load in the present invention is only to reduce the load effect of storms, ie, the wind waves above the critical point, and not to reduce the load effect of ordinary wind waves.
  • the sub-critical wind and wave environment is the environment of the working state. In order to ensure the operation, it is difficult to take significant load reduction measures. Above-critical wind and wave loads are the loads that have the greatest impact on the safety of the platform structure. 'Resolve it and the platform will be safe.
  • the present invention proposes two types of surface fixed-point operation platforms.
  • the first type of platform of the present invention may be referred to as a "submersible platform", which includes a main body, a variable buoyancy device, a positioning device, and a power device.
  • a submersible platform which includes a main body, a variable buoyancy device, a positioning device, and a power device.
  • the buoyancy variation capacity of the variable buoyancy device mentioned above is very large, and it can be called “extra large capacity variable buoyancy device".
  • Extra large capacity variable buoyancy device Under surface operation, when the platform is unloaded, the total buoyancy of the platform can be reduced to not more than about 10 ° / of the maximum total buoyancy of the platform when the platform is fully loaded. .
  • the so-called reserve buoyancy is the displacement of a volume above the waterline of a floating object, so it is related to the position of the waterline.
  • the so-called residual buoyancy is the difference between the displacement of a floating object at a certain waterline (ie, the displacement of the volume below the waterline) and the dead weight of the floating object, so it is also related to the position of the waterline.
  • the total buoyancy is equal to the difference between the total volume of the object (ie, the sum of the volume above and below the waterline) and the weight of the object.
  • the positioning devices of this platform are usually single-point mooring or multi-point mooring. In sea areas where the water depth is not suitable for anchoring, the positioning device of the platform can only be a dynamic positioning device.
  • the method of reducing the wind wave load of the first type of platform is to maintain the total buoyancy required for operation in a sub-critical wind and wave environment, so that the platform floats on the water surface, and has normal operation capabilities; in a wind and wave environment above the critical, to stop the platform from operating normally, Make the platform or the platform body in a specific safety state, that is, a safe dive state, reduce the damage of the wind wave load on the platform structure and its anchoring system, ensure self-survival, and the dive depth of the safe dive state is at least free semi-submersible.
  • the depth of the state when the platform is descending, the total buoyancy of the platform is reduced and adjusted according to the needs of the safe descending state, and the total buoyancy of the platform is restored when the platform rises from the descending state to resume the operating state.
  • the so-called “critical wind wave” is the maximum wind wave level suitable for the normal operation of the platform. It is determined during the design according to the purpose and function of the platform, and should be far lower than the water area for 50 years or 100 years. The highest level of storms once a year. Therefore, the platform is suitable for normal operation in the wind and wave environment below the threshold, and is not suitable for normal operation in the wind and wave environment above the threshold.
  • the structural strength of the type 1 platform and its positioning device need only meet the conditions i) normal on the water surface
  • the lowest level of wind waves that can be adapted is the critical wind waves in the area where it is located.
  • the type 1 platform can also meet the conditions.
  • I i i) The structural strength of the platform is much lower than the strength required by conventional platforms to withstand large storms on the water under the same operating conditions.
  • the first type of platform has two types of structures, 1A and 1B. Among them, the type 1A platform can be called “free semi-submersible platform”, and the type 1B platform can be called “controllable submersible platform”.
  • the safe submersible state of the Type 1A platform is the free semi-submersible state.
  • the condition of the free semi-submersible state is that the total buoyancy of the reduced platform is greater than zero and not greater than about 10% of the maximum total buoyancy of the platform at full load under surface operation.
  • the platform In addition to the buoyancy of the water body, the platform is not subject to external vertical forces, and the vertical component force of the possible anchoring pull force is negligible; the dive depth in the free semi-submersible state is the platform structure characteristics and total under the above conditions. Dynamic depth naturally determined by buoyancy and wave motion.
  • the reserve buoyancy is greater than zero and is very small, that is, the structure volume above the water level (waterline) in this state is greater than zero and very small.
  • the dive depth of the platform in the waves is dynamic.
  • the platform is basically submerged in water. Only small local structures are above the wave surface, and it is possible to completely submerge into water within a certain area of the wave period.
  • Class 1B platforms can be called "controlled dive platforms”.
  • Class IB platforms not only have variable buoyancy devices, but also depth control devices.
  • Class 1B platform The safe diving state is controlled diving. The method to achieve this is to reduce and adjust the total buoyancy of the platform and set and adjust the depth constraint of the platform; the reduced total buoyancy of the platform is not greater than the surface operation When the platform is fully loaded, the maximum total buoyancy is about 10. The reduced total buoyancy is not necessarily greater than zero. See the description of Embodiment 2.
  • the platform's dive depth in the waves is deeper and more stable.
  • the main body of the platform is completely submerged in the water. Except for the special structures such as high towers and top tanks described below, no structure is located above the wave surface. In short, the entire platform is located below the trough depth, usually half a wave below the trough depth (ie 1.5 levels below the horizontal plane, or 3/4 full wave height).
  • the first type of platform and its method for reducing wind wave load have the following beneficial effects.
  • the U-type platform free semi-submersible can improve the safety of the facility in waves. The reasons are briefly described as follows: 1) When the platform dives freely, it basically does not support wind loads; 2) At this time, the platform's buoyancy distribution and water surface fluctuation are basically It is irrelevant to the above, the fluctuation of the buoyancy distribution caused by the wave, the additional bending moment, and the additional shear load are greatly reduced.
  • Type 1B platform controlled diving can improve the safety of the facility in waves. The reasons are briefly described as follows: 1) When the platform dives to an appropriate depth position, it will not bear wind loads at all; 2) At this time, the platform's buoyancy distribution and Water surface fluctuations are irrelevant, there is no additional bending moment and additional shear load caused by buoyancy distribution changes caused by waves; 3) The platform descends moderately, and the wave dynamic pressure load can be greatly reduced (well known, it decays exponentially) 4) Underwater The greater the depth, the lower the current velocity, and therefore the smaller the current load; 5) The environmental load on the platform body is reduced, and the load of its anchoring device is correspondingly reduced.
  • controlled dives will help to further significantly reduce wind and wave loads, and the safety conditions of the structure will be further improved.
  • the above analysis shows that compared with the free semi-submersible, the platform's controlled dive can increase the dive depth according to the need of sheltering from the waves, which can better improve the safety of the facility in the waves.
  • reserve buoyancy is a necessary condition for good platform stability. "Down buoyancy” and “dive” can easily lead to instability of the platform's depth position relative to the horizontal plane and instability of the platform's attitude, or complicate stability control. After the platform abandoned the reserve buoyancy, it adopted multi-point binding force to provide stable conditions for the platform.
  • the embodiments and examples of the present invention will explain that a series of technical measures have the effect of ensuring the necessary stability of the platform, and the structure and operation are not complicated.
  • the platform has at least one The span in each direction is not less than 40 meters.
  • the platform is composed of more than two structural blocks, and the span of the building blocks is smaller than the platform span.
  • Adjacent building blocks are connected by variable-degree-of-freedom connection devices, which at least have Two connection states, including a fixed connection with zero relative freedom of movement of adjacent building blocks, and an active connection where the adjacent building blocks can move relative to each other; the active connection has at least one degree of freedom of rotation and can have at most 6 movements Degree of freedom, at least one of the six degrees of freedom of movement has a limited range of travel.
  • a method for achieving the overall stiffness state required for the operation is to make the variable-degree-of-freedom connection in a fixed connection state
  • a method for achieving the safe overall stiffness state is to make the variable-degree-of-freedom connection in an active connection state.
  • Type 2 platforms are active connections between building blocks in wind and wave environments above the threshold, and the span of building blocks is only a fraction of the platform span, which is much smaller than the platform span. Under the same wind and wave load conditions, the structural force is greatly reduced when the span is greatly reduced.
  • the structural strength of the type 2 platform and its positioning device need only meet the conditions i) Under normal operating conditions on the water surface, that is, under the general general stiffness state The lowest level of wind and wave that can be adapted is the critical wave in the sea area. Ii) Under the condition of safe overall stiffness, it can adapt to the largest wave in the sea area. Because the structural stress is greatly reduced under the condition of safe overall rigidity, the type 2 platform can also meet the conditions ii i) The structural strength of the platform is much lower than that required by conventional platforms under the same operating conditions and withstanding the storm on the water strength.
  • the beneficial effect of the second type of platform and its method of reducing wind wave load is that although the second type of platform does not dive under the wind wave environment, the wind wave load itself cannot be reduced, but the structural stress under the wind wave load can be greatly reduced. . Therefore, the type 2 platform can also greatly reduce the effect of wind and wave loads, and can reduce the weight of the platform structure while maintaining safety.
  • reducing wind wave load In order to simplify the wording of the present invention, the term "reducing wind wave load” is generally adopted. Strictly speaking, its meaning is “reducing the damaging effects of wind and wave loads”. Reduced wind on ⁇ 1 platform The wave load itself, of course, also reduces the effect of the wind wave load.
  • FIG. 1 Embodiment 1, a plan view of a frame
  • FIG. 2 Embodiment 1 a state where the flexible cabin is contracted and does not contribute to buoyancy
  • FIG. 3 Embodiment 1, a state in which the volume of the flexible cabin is expanded
  • FIG. 4 Embodiment 1, a folded variable volume structure, a contracted state
  • FIG. 5 Embodiment 1, a folded variable volume structure, in an expanded state
  • FIG. 6 Embodiment 2 a plan view of a platform
  • FIG. 7 Example 2, an example of a composite beam cross-section of a frame structure
  • FIG. 11 Example 2, a heavy object is restrained in the water bottom
  • FIG. 13 Embodiment 3, a front view of a hotel platform, a normal operation state
  • FIG. 14 Embodiment 3, a front view of a hotel platform, during a storm
  • FIG. 15 Embodiment 3, design variation, front view, normal operation state
  • FIG. 16 Embodiment 3, design variation, front view, state during storm
  • FIG. 17 Embodiment 4, maintaining the state of overall rigidity
  • FIG. 18 Embodiment 4, abandoning the overall stiffness state
  • the surface fixed-point operation platform 101 includes a grid frame knot. Structure 102 and buoyancy tank, the latter including variable buoyancy device 103.
  • the variable buoyancy device includes a foldable variable volume structure 111 (see Figs. 4 and 5), or a flexible floating 106 (see Figs. 2 and 3), or a pontoon with drainage and drainage equipment, or a detachable pontoon.
  • the grid structure of this platform adopts ball joint grid, which is composed of rod 104 and special node 105. It is a standardized structure in the construction industry.
  • This embodiment 1 belongs to a type 1A platform.
  • This platform uses the free semi-submersible state to reduce the damaging effects of wind and wave loads in wind and wave environments above the threshold.
  • the structural strength of this platform is far lower than the conventional strength required to withstand heavy storms on the water surface.
  • the free semi-submersible state it can adapt to the largest wave in the sea area.
  • the positioning device of this platform selects the anchoring device or the dynamic positioning device according to the water depth of the water area and the operation purpose.
  • the parts and components of the grid structure of this platform have a series of specifications, which can be assembled into modules of different shapes as required, and connected with the modules into different overall configurations.
  • the grid structure adopts a special floating design. It can be divided into several components and the connections between the components. Each component has a specific gravity of less than 1. Therefore, the grid has buoyancy that is slightly greater than its own gravity. It can also float on the surface without sinking without the buoyancy support of the buoyancy compartment.
  • This platform is particularly suitable for the rapid construction of ultra-light platforms on the site.
  • the detailed structure of the platform depends on the specific application, such as the appropriate area of light deck and operating equipment required for the operation.
  • variable buoyancy device of this platform is so-called "extra large capacity”.
  • the variable buoyancy device includes a device for adjusting the weight of the platform and a device for adjusting the volume of the platform.
  • the method of reducing, restoring and adjusting the total buoyancy of the platform is a method of changing the weight of the platform and a method of changing the volume of the platform.
  • the device for adjusting the volume of the platform is the flexible cabin 106 shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and the folding variable volume structure 111 shown in Figs. 4 and 5 can also be used.
  • a rigid retractable cabin or a detachable floating wheel can also be used.
  • the detachable pod is separated from the platform to reduce the volume of the platform.
  • the rigid retractable cabin itself is both a rigid structure and a volume that can be changed, see Zhu Shaoxiang's utility model application 96116879. X, publication number CN 1160663.
  • the flexible cabin is a hollow structure made of a flexible material such as rubber, and has buoyancy after being inflated, which is the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the flexible chamber 106 in the frame is in a state of contraction and does not contribute buoyancy. At this time, the position of the waterline 5 is high.
  • Figure 3 shows that the flexible cabin expands and contributes buoyancy to lower the position of the waterline 5.
  • the foldable variable volume structure 111 has two rigid plate surfaces 112 and 113, a peripheral folding wall 114, and a plurality of supports (installed inside the cabin, not shown in the figure).
  • the two plate surfaces 112 and 113 and the surrounding folding wall 114 form a closed surface, and the inside is an air space, and its volume determines the buoyancy.
  • the support changes the relative positions of the two plate surfaces 112 and 113, thereby changing the volume of the air space.
  • the folding wall 114 keeps the connection with the two plate surfaces 112 and 113, and keeps the air space sealed.
  • the peripheral folding wall 114 is made of a flexible material such as rubber, plastic, or the like.
  • the peripheral folded wall 114 may also be a semi-rigid structure composed of an inner layer and an outer layer.
  • the inner layer has a plurality of folding plate components, and each component has a plurality of Ruo Qian plate pieces which are successively dumped.
  • the outer layer is made of a flexible material, and its role is to seal the hinge joints between the plates and to seal the variable gaps between the components.
  • the supporter is a straight-moving actuator, which can be selected from the existing technologies of mechanical equipment such as hydraulic oil cylinders, shearing mechanisms, and pneumatic pressure devices.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show that the foldable variable volume structure 111 is mounted on the frame 102, and its bottom plate surface is located at the waterline 5.
  • 4 and 5 show the contracted state and the expanded state of the structure 111, respectively. Since the structure 111 is installed above the waterline 5, its volume change changes the reserve buoyancy of the platform of the frame 102, and does not change the position of the waterline 5.
  • the device for adjusting the weight of the platform preferably uses the most commonly used prior art ballast water tank (not shown in the figure), and adjusts the weight of the platform by adjusting the water filling capacity of the ballast water tank, thereby being used to balance the load of the platform. Waterline position in fluctuating and distributed states.
  • variable buoyancy device of this platform has a large capacity
  • the reserve buoyancy can be very small by adjusting, that is, the structure volume above the horizontal plane can be made very small.
  • the structure of this platform is particularly suitable for assembly and construction in waters far from the land.
  • it In order to assemble the platform on the water, it can be assembled as a component on a vehicle (including auxiliary ships) and then combined in the water ⁇ . Assembly of components is easy to assemble and connect. After assembly, the components are placed in water with a small specific gravity and will not be sunk and lost in water.
  • buoyancy compartment After the frame is installed, a buoyancy compartment is installed.
  • the buoyancy compartment provides a larger waterline area for operation. And buoyancy.
  • the frame floats on the water without sinking, and the buoyancy adjustment of the buoyancy compartment is arranged based on the buoyancy and waterline area required for the operation, including the opening and closing of the seaport of the gravity injection and drainage room, the inflation and expansion of the flexible compartment or the contraction of exhaust, rigid Or the volume adjustment of quasi-rigid telescopic floating body and the fixation or separation of detachable cabins.
  • this platform is equipped with thrusters and uses dynamic positioning.
  • the reserve buoyancy and waterline area of the buoyancy compartment are greatly reduced, and the buoyancy compartment is in a state of free diving to improve the ability to resist wind and waves.
  • plan projection shape of the main part of the main body of the platform of the second embodiment is substantially triangular, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • This embodiment 2 belongs to a type 1B platform, and is a main typical platform of the present invention.
  • the platform includes a platform body 201, a variable buoyancy device, a depth control device, a positioning device 250, and a power device.
  • This platform uses the controlled dive state to reduce the damage of wind and wave loads in wind and wave environments above the threshold.
  • the structural strength of this platform can adapt to the largest wind and waves in the sea area under controlled dive conditions.
  • the platform positioning device 250 is usually an anchoring device. In areas not suitable for anchoring, the positioning device of the platform cannot be the anchor device shown in the figure, but can only be a dynamic positioning device. When the platform adopts anchoring device, it is usually multi-point anchoring.
  • the platform has an open deck 210.
  • the platform body 201 and its deck 210 The skeleton structure is triangular, and each side a, b, c is a composite beam.
  • the cross section A-A of the main body is shown in Fig. 7.
  • the platform has a wide range of uses, and the specific structure is determined according to the specific use.
  • the illustrated platform is drawn with the rides in the background.
  • the amusement facilities can be arranged in various sea areas.
  • the critical wave height of the platform is 6-8 meters, the amplitude is 3-4 meters, and the maximum wave amplitude of the water area is 15 meters.
  • the platform structure is 8-10 meters high and the waterline is about 3 to 4 meters high.
  • Deck 201 is about 5 to 6 meters from the static horizontal plane, which is greater than the critical wavelength amplitude, and will not wave on the deck during operation. However, the height of the deck is much smaller than the maximum wave amplitude, which is difficult to achieve in the existing surface fixed-point operation platform.
  • the platform When the platform is operating on the water surface, its waterline area does not exceed about 30% of the total area of the envelope range of the outline of the platform structure's vertical projection (projected on the horizontal plane).
  • the small waterline area is distributed in a relatively large water area, and is mainly distributed near the periphery of the water area, so it is easy to improve the stability of the platform in design.
  • the above-mentioned span of the platform is more than 20 times the thickness mentioned above, so the platform structure is quite "flat", which is also a favorable condition for improving stability.
  • the skeleton of the platform main body 1 can be divided into three or more welding units, and the units are detachably connected, which is advantageous for assembly and refitting.
  • auxiliary, deck-connecting structures i, j, h, k, etc. between the three composite different beams in the middle of the triangular configuration shown in Fig. 6, and they can have various configurations.
  • Figure 6 shows two configurations.
  • the auxiliary structure i and j shown in the left half (left part of the center line C-C) of Fig. 6 represents an inverted triangle configuration
  • the auxiliary structure h shown in the right half (right part of the center line C-C) , K represents the Y configuration.
  • variable buoyancy device of this platform is also called “extra large capacity", but it is different from the first embodiment.
  • the reduced total buoyancy can be greater than zero, equal to zero, or less than zero in different situations described below.
  • variable buoyancy device of this platform has a ballast water tank 206 in addition to the same structure as that of the first embodiment.
  • the platform of this embodiment has the pulling force of the depth control device, the gravity injection drainage chamber and the gravity injection drainage method can be used to adjust the weight of the platform.
  • the gravity injection and drainage tank 207 includes a water-introducible chamber 271, and the water-introducible tank is generally located above the highest waterline 5 of the platform operation state; the bottom surface of the water-injected tank is located in the working state.
  • a watertight hatch door 209 to the outside is provided as an air vent, and a large-sized watertight hatch 208 is used as a seaport.
  • the lower edge of at least one seaport door is at the same height as the bottom of the cabin.
  • the actual waterline position of the platform may be lower than the maximum working waterline5.
  • the actual waterline is located at The position of the maximum waterline 5 in the working state, that is, the edge of the water-tight door 208 of the gravity-injection and drainage device can enter the water grabbing room 271.
  • the platform is located at the normal waterline, after opening its watertight ship doors 208, 209, external water cannot temporarily enter and exit the water inlet chamber 271 temporarily.
  • Opening the watertight hatch 208, 209 is equivalent to the platform giving up reserve buoyancy, so as long as the effective length of the chain cable 256 shortening the subsea weight described below is adjusted by the driver 258, a small downward pull force is applied to the platform, and the platform Diving can begin, and external water enters the accessible tank 271 under the action of gravity. This process is continued until the dive reaches the required depth of operation, the effective length of the heavy chain cable 256 and the platform dive depth have stabilized.
  • This platform also has a detachable pontoon 261, which reduces the volume of the platform body when leaving the platform body, thereby reducing its total buoyancy. It can rely on its own buoyancy to remain on the water surface, and can also become an external tensile structure relying on the water surface to exert restraining force on the platform.
  • the separable floating 261 is a square or round inverted cone (upper and lower). When the platform is operating normally, the detachable pontoon 261 is located at the vacant space reserved for the platform, and the upper surface of the floating grab is at the same height as the platform deck 10 and becomes a part of the platform deck.
  • the separable float 261 may further have a ballast water device, and its total buoyancy can be adjusted.
  • the float 251 which can be separated into a float-like depth control device as described below (see Figs. 10, 11, and 12).
  • the platform's power equipment such as a diesel generator, can be installed in the pontoon 261, that is, the float 251, and the platform is powered by flexible cables.
  • the platform dive and the floating pod 251 with a generator do not dive, so that the diesel engine can work normally.
  • the detachable pod 251 can also be equipped with other equipment or cabin space that is not suitable for diving, such as a backup control center, heliport, etc. When the platform dives, the equipment or cabin can float on the water.
  • At least one of these pods is equipped with control equipment. If the buoyancy module is equipped with thrusters and other facilities, it can be completely separated from the platform body and become a life-saving escape if necessary.
  • the life-saving floating grabbing link cable 53 may have a quick release structure, so that the platform main body can be detached for emergency rescue when the platform main body may sink.
  • the detachable pontoon can also be used as a helicopter bay. When the main body of the platform descends, the helicopter on the deck can enter the pontoon, the doors are sealed and stay on the water.
  • This platform also has a detachable weight or weight 252 (Figure 10), which is separated from the platform and sinks to the bottom to reduce the platform's own weight. It can become a liftable weight after sinking to the bottom, and can increase the platform's own weight after being lifted from the bottom.
  • the basic structure of the depth control device of the platform is: it has an external tension structure, which applies external tension to the platform. At least three of the external tension structures have external tension structures, the rest are auxiliary external tension structures, and external tension structures are Underwater structure 257 (figure 8, 9, 12) or surface float 251 (figure 10, 11, 12).
  • the surface float includes a detachable buoyancy tank, and the auxiliary external tensile structure is a heavy weight 252 '(fig. 11) in the water or The underwater float 251, ( Figure 9); the external tension structure and the platform are connected by a chain cable, and the effective length of the chain cable is adjusted by a driving mechanism.
  • the safe dive state of the platform is a controlled dive state.
  • the method to achieve this is to reduce and adjust the total buoyancy of the platform and set and adjust the depth constraint of the platform; the reduced total buoyancy of the platform is not greater than the surface operation When the platform is fully loaded, the maximum total buoyancy is about 10%; the depth of the controlled dive is below the trough of the largest wave that can occur, and is not greater than the maximum dive depth specified by the design.
  • the depth constraint of the "setting" platform is to apply an external pulling force to the platform through a chain cable using an external pulling structure; at least three of the external pulling forces are external pulling forces relying on the rest, and the rest are auxiliary external pulling forces, and the external pulling forces relying on It is called binding force, which is the pulling force applied to the platform by the underwater cable or the surface float through the chain cable, and the auxiliary external pulling force is the pulling force applied to the platform by the heavy weight in the water or the underwater float through the chain cable.
  • the chain cables 253 and 256 through which the binding force passes are called constraint chain cables.
  • the effective access Length refers to the length outside the driving mechanism, excluding the length on the driving reel) Determines the depth position of each constraint point of the platform, and determines the platform's diving depth.
  • the point of restraint pulling force is called the restraint point.
  • this platform has no less than three constraint points, at least one constraint point in each of the areas adjacent to the three vertices of the triangle, so the projections of the three points in the horizontal plane are not collinear.
  • the relative relationship between the effective lengths of the chain cables at each constraint point determines the relative relationship between the depth position of each constraint point on the platform, that is, the connection point of each chain cable, and thus determines the attitude of the platform.
  • a simple content of the "adjusting the depth constraint of the platform” is to adjust the effective distance of each restraint chain cable to adjust the huge distance between each constraint point and each support (underwater structure 257, water surface float 251).
  • This platform can also arrange 1 or 2 constraint points in special cases.
  • the attitude of the platform depends on the relationship between the gravity distribution and buoyancy distribution on the platform. The following analysis does not consider such special cases.
  • the platform's depth control device can adopt a "bottom restraint" structure.
  • FIG. 8 See Figure 8 for the "bottom restraint" depth control device. It has several underwater structures 257, such as anchors, weights or underwater fixed structures. Relying on the underwater structure 257, it applies a downward and downward restraining force to the platform through a chain cable 256.
  • underwater structures 257 such as anchors, weights or underwater fixed structures. Relying on the underwater structure 257, it applies a downward and downward restraining force to the platform through a chain cable 256.
  • the bottom constraint requires that the equivalent residual buoyancy of the platform be greater than zero.
  • the sum of the pulling forces of all restraint chains 256 is equal to the equivalent residual buoyancy, but in the opposite direction.
  • the dive depth of the platform is determined according to the design strength of the platform or platform body and the storm conditions of the environment. When the maximum storm is likely to occur, it must be submerged to the depth specified by the design to withstand the maximum storm.
  • the effective length of the chain cable 256 can be adjusted by the driving mechanism to adjust the dive depth of the platform.
  • Another content of the "adjusting the depth constraint of the platform” is the ability of the adjustment platform to maintain stability in a wave-turbulent environment.
  • Thousand disturbance forces such as wave force may affect the stability of the depth position of each constraint point, and thus affect the platform depth Degree of stability and stability of platform attitude.
  • the tension of the restraining chain cable that is, the equivalent residual buoyancy of the platform
  • the tension of the restraint chain cable required to maintain the stability of the platform under the diving condition in a storm environment is determined; the adjustment of the depth constraint of the platform is to adjust the effective length of the chain cable, the equivalent residual buoyancy of the platform, and the external pull force, namely the restraint pull
  • the depth control device of this platform can also use the "water surface restraint" type structure.
  • Water surface restraint type depth control device see Figure 10. Only the differences between it and the bottom constraint are explained here. It relies on a number of surface floats 251, and applies an upward pulling force, ie an upward restraining force, to the platform through a chain cable 253.
  • the auxiliary external tensile structure of the water surface restraint structure is often the heavy weight 252 'in the water, see Figure 11.
  • the water surface constraint requires that the equivalent residual buoyancy of the platform is less than zero, that is, the gravity of the platform (plus the auxiliary tensile structure) is greater than the displacement.
  • the sum of the pulling forces of all restraint chains 253 is equal to the equivalent remaining buoyancy of the platform.
  • the total buoyancy of the surface float is greater than the absolute value of the maximum negative equivalent residual buoyancy that may occur on the platform, so as to ensure that the platform does not sink under the condition of breaking.
  • the effective length of the chain cable 253 determines the dive depth of the platform.
  • the area A is a structural parameter determined by design.
  • the interference force F cannot be too large. If the downward direction perturbation force F is greater than the reserve buoyancy of the surface float, or if the upward direction dry force F is greater than the remaining buoyancy of the surface float, the constraint stiffness K is zero. It can be seen that the larger the reserve buoyancy and the remaining buoyancy of the surface float, the better the constraint condition with a certain stiffness. The sum of the tension of the restraint cable 53 is equal to the remaining buoyancy of the surface float. The relative size ratio of the reserve buoyancy and the remaining buoyancy of the surface float depends on the characteristics of the interference force F, and has a certain value range.
  • the reserve buoyancy and the remaining buoyancy of the surface float correspond to the tension of the restraint chain cable 253. Therefore, for the "water surface restraint" type depth control device, the greater the tension of the restraint chain cable, the better the restraint conditions. Therefore, the restraint should also be determined according to the possible interference force and the level of stability requirements of the platform. Tension of the chain cable.
  • the minimum allowable constraint cable tension should be set, and the effective length of the chain cable 253 connected to the surface float is adjusted at any time, so that the chain The cable tension is not less than the set minimum value in order to stabilize the actual waterline position of each surface float and at least make the chain cable not loose.
  • the depth control device of this platform can also adopt "bottom-water surface restraint" structure.
  • the performance of this structure method is better than the first two methods.
  • Bottom-water surface restraint type depth control device, see Figure 12. It relies on Ruoqian underwater structure 257 and Ruoqian surface structure 251 at the same time. At this time, the equivalent residual buoyancy of the platform can be greater than, equal to, and less than zero.
  • the total buoyancy of the surface float is greater than the absolute value of the maximum negative equivalent residual buoyancy that may occur on the platform, so as to ensure that the platform does not sink under rough conditions.
  • the constraint stiffness state of "bottom-water surface constraint” is a combination of the “bottom-water constraint” formula and the “water-surface constraint” formula.
  • the constraint stiffness K is infinite.
  • the direction of the perturbation force is downward, and the perturbation force F is not greater than the tension of the constraint chain of the underwater floater 257, said 256, the stiffness is infinite.
  • K is zero when the point is greater than the reserve buoyancy of the surface float. Therefore, it can also be considered that the greater the tension of the restraint chain cable, the better the restraint conditions. (Of course, in practice, the constraint stiffness is not necessarily as large as possible. Sometimes, a moderately low stiffness is beneficial to reduce structural stress.) Therefore, it should also be based on the size of the possible interference and the level of stability required for the platform. Decide to restrain the tension of the cable.
  • the above two constraint methods are the same as “water surface constraints”, and the equivalent residual buoyancy of the platform is also determined according to the tension of the restraint chain cables required to maintain the platform stability under the diving condition in the storm environment; adjust the depth constraint of the platform It also adjusts the effective length of the chain cable, the equivalent residual buoyancy of the platform, and the external pulling force that is the restraining pulling force.
  • the dive depth of the controlled dive status is determined according to the design strength of the platform or platform body and the storm conditions of the environment.
  • the bottom-water constraint point of the "bottom-water surface constraint” device usually corresponds to the top-bottom constraint point.
  • the quantity is the same and the structure is reasonable. However, it does not rule out that the top-bottom constraint does not correspond with the number.
  • the concept of "equivalent residual buoyancy" was introduced above to simplify multiple relationships. Replace the remaining buoyancy of the platform with the equivalent remaining buoyancy. In the absence of auxiliary tension, the equivalent residual buoyancy of the platform is equal to the residual buoyancy of the platform. This means that in the analysis of the restraint state, the weight in the water and the float in the water are considered as part of the platform, and the three are considered as one. However, when analyzing the platform's descending or floating process, there may be situations where the platform performs lifting movements while the heavy objects in the water and the floats in the water do not move, so the three cannot be regarded as one.
  • the adjustment of the effective length and tension of the restraint chain cables 253 and 256 is relatively complicated.
  • One recommended adjustment operation method is: i) The length of the chain cable 256 is determined according to the required diving depth. And the basic length of the chain cable 53. ii) The total buoyancy of the float 251 is adjusted by adjusting the ballast water amount of the float 251; iii) The waterline of the float 251 is adjusted by a slight adjustment of the effective length of the chain cable 253 based on the basic length, so that the float 251 can be adjusted The division of the remaining buoyancy and reserve buoyancy in the total buoyancy determines the tension of the chain cable 253. iv) Adjust the remaining buoyancy of the platform body 201 while adjusting the above iii) to adjust the tension of the chain cable 256. In the following, some supplementary explanations are made on the platform of this embodiment.
  • Heavy block 252 that can be migrated with the platform.
  • the underwater structure When the underwater structure is not a fixed structure, but an anchor or a weight, it can be moved with the platform when the platform is moved. During the migration, the reserve buoyancy was adjusted to a considerable state, and the platform's bearing capacity was very strong. At this time, the weight 252 (borrowed in FIG. 10) can be lifted to facilitate migration. When settled after moving in place, drop the appropriate number of weights 252 to sink to the bottom.
  • the detachable pontoon can be kept on the water surface or in the water after being separated from the platform. After the buoyancy tank is separated, it can be connected with the platform by a chain cable, one end of which has a chain cable driving mechanism for changing the effective length of the chain cable.
  • the separable float can be used as a float in a depth control device.
  • Example 1 has explained that some equipment or cabins that are not suitable for diving can be arranged in a detachable pontoon and left on the surface after separation. Therefore it can be used as a surface float in a depth control device.
  • the detachable floating rudder that can be submerged can also be used as an underwater float in the depth control device.
  • the connecting chain cable should have a quick release structure.
  • the detachable heavy tank of the platform can be submerged in the water or dropped to the bottom after being separated from the platform; there is a chain cable connection between the heavy tank and the platform after the separation; To change the effective length of the chain cable, the detachable heavy tank can be used as a water weight or a bottom weight in the depth control device after separation, and can also be used as a liftable weight in a variable buoyancy device.
  • variable buoyancy structure and the partial structure of the depth control device of the platform can be used in common and can be substituted for each other.
  • the buoyancy of a separable structure should be judged in the buoyancy calculation according to the function of the structure in different situations. For example, when the heavy objects in the water and the floats in the water are diving with the platform, they should be considered as part of the platform. Their positive or negative buoyancy should be included in the platform's buoyancy; otherwise, they should not be included in the platform. The buoyancy can only be regarded as "equivalent,” a component of buoyancy.
  • a weight that sinks to the bottom of the water during operation should be regarded as the bottom structure of the depth control device; the weight is lifted when diving, and after lifting As the platform descends and floats, it should be considered as part of the platform's variable buoyancy device, which affects the capacity of the platform's variable buoyancy device. When it is lifted and does not float up with the platform, it should be regarded as a weight in the depth control device. Can count "when "Buoyancy”.
  • a float and a weight can be arranged to be connected to the same driving mechanism through a chain cable.
  • the water weight or the float in the water is basically stable and does not move up and down with the platform, which can reduce the power of movement.
  • the depth control device may have a sensor for measuring the tension of the chain cable, a sensor for measuring the effective length of the chain cable, and a sensor for measuring the horizontal angle and / or the pitch direction angle of the chain cable (the repeated text is added only to avoid The term "and / or” is ambiguous, and the measured tension signal, length signal and direction angle signal are sent to the control system of the platform.
  • These signals can be used to determine the following relevant parameters of the platform system: the position of the waterline of the platform main body and the detachable pontoon, the reserve buoyancy, the remaining buoyancy, the dive depth of the platform main body, the speed of the dive and buoyancy, acceleration, and swing attitude , Wave period, current direction, velocity, etc.
  • the mass of the platform body 201 is quite large, and the wave force after diving is quite small. Therefore, as long as there is a certain restraining tension after diving, it is relatively easy to keep the depth position basically stable.
  • the surface float 251 is continuously subjected to waves, and the tension of the chain cable 53 will be constantly changed, sometimes loosened and tightened, which will more or less disturb the depth position of the platform body. Therefore, the effective length of the surface buoyant chain cable 253 should be continuously adjusted according to the necessity of the situation.
  • the adjustment method is to use the sensor to feedback the chain cable tension, set the upper and lower limits of the tension, and the average value of the effective length variable of the chain cable 253, and control it with an automatic control system.
  • Embodiment 2 is a further improvement of Embodiment 2 (belonging to a type 1B platform).
  • the platform has a sub-station system 301.
  • the sub-platform 341 which is not suitable for diving, is a partial structure that can move up and down relative to the main body of the platform.
  • the sub-table system includes a sub-platform 341, a rigid small waterline surface connecting structure 311 between the partial structure and the platform main body 201, and a lifting driving mechanism.
  • the driving mechanism is used to drive the detachable partial structure to move up and down. Is less than the sum of the dive depth of the platform body and the height of the detachable partial structure relative to the water surface.
  • FIG. 14 shows a state where the main body descends and the sub-platform moves up.
  • the rigid small waterline surface connection structure 311 is a post 3 «.
  • the supporting pontoon 344 is connected to the column 342 through a rigid structure and moves up and down together with the detachable partial structure.
  • the rigid small waterline surface connection structure can be combined with the lifting drive mechanism into a scissor-type lifting mechanism common in the existing technology of mechanical equipment.
  • the supporting floating grab 344 has a buoyancy adjusting device.
  • This platform is shown in Figure 13 for normal operating activities in sub-critical wind and wave environments.
  • Waterline 5 is shown in the normal operating position.
  • Figure 14 shows the platform avoiding waves in the wind waves above the threshold.
  • the platform body 201 dives to avoid the waves, and the sub-platform 341 rises upward and leaves the wave surface. '
  • the main body of the platform abandons its operational reserve for buoyant controlled dives.
  • This platform is suitable for using underwater restraints, and requires that the lower chain cable 256 has greater tension when the platform main body dives, so that the platform main body has a high restraint stiffness.
  • a small-span sub-platform relies on a large-span, submersible and stable platform main body, and its attitude is also very stable, which is difficult to achieve in the existing technology.
  • the platform in this embodiment is a large floating comprehensive amusement center, equipped with many facilities such as hotels, indoor and outdoor amusement, water amusement, water amusement, marine fenced aquariums, etc., and has the function of on-site experience and watching a big storm. It can be anchored in the sea near the land, and it becomes a bright scene at night.
  • the sub-platform system is the hotel cabin set up on it.
  • the main body of the large-span platform is not only a place for amusement and leisure activities, a large area for carrying and amusement activities, and a large load-bearing capacity, but also the foundation for the stability of the platform under operating conditions and storms.
  • the large area of the platform is a perforated plate with a hole area of more than 50 ° /. In order to reduce the effect of the vertical component of the large wave force on the deck after diving.
  • the hotel system may have a variant design, and there may be no rigid connection between it and the platform body.
  • the auxiliary connection structure of the platform 201 is the Y configuration shown in the right half of the figure, the three columns 342 and the auxiliary connection structures h and k are staggered from each other in space. No contact.
  • the stay cable 343 shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 is installed.
  • a vertical movement cable 343 is provided.
  • the structural conditions of the hotel ship 341 and the platform body 201 can be generally compared to a semi-submersible platform and an extra large floating body, which are connected by chain cables 343 and 343, which are connected and positioned, and maintain a stable positional relationship by the tension of the chain cables.
  • the hotel cabin system can not only have a lifting movement relative to the platform main body, but also a movement in the horizontal plane and an attitude tilting movement may occur.
  • the height position of the sub-platform system relative to the platform body is determined by adjusting the effective lengths of each of the lifting motion cables 343 and the stay cable 343.
  • hotels generally only perform lifting movements; other movements only come from the adjustment deviation of the stay cable and the effect of distance variation caused by the "cable" of the stay cable.
  • the hotel cabin system can also have another variant design, without supporting the floating body unit 344, see Figures 15 and 16, so that the column 342 is fixedly connected to the platform, and the hotel cabin 341 is lifted and moved on the column 342, its movement
  • the structure is closer to the lifting mechanism of the self-elevating platform.
  • the advantage of this structure is that when the hotel cabin 341 'does not rise, the structure of the underwater part below the platform occupies a small space, and the water depth of the channel is required to be low when moving.
  • Another variant design of the hotel cabin system is that a structure suitable for contact with the bottom is provided on the lower surface of the platform body 201, and the bottom can be controlled in a shallow water storm environment.
  • Figure 6 shows a Y-shape; in addition, it can also be a hollow circular ring, a ⁇ (trilateral) shape, or a polygon. All should pay attention to reducing the harmful effects of wind Designed as appropriate.
  • the hotel-like 41 fixed to the upper end of the pillar and becomes a roof cabin. It does not perform lifting movements and omit the lifting mechanism. That is, there is a small waterline surface structure above the platform body, and the small waterline surface structure has a top cabin far from the main part of the platform body.
  • the depth of the dive is not greater than a given value, which guarantees that the distance from the local structure that is not rigidly connected with the platform or platform body to the dive to the horizontal plane is not less than the maximum wave amplitude.
  • the small waterplane connection structure to the platform may be a high tower.
  • the upper part of the high tower is the top of the tower, which is where the platform control center is located.
  • the dive depth of the platform body 201 when diving is to ensure that the top of the tower is at a suitable height above the water surface, not less than the wave amplitude, and avoid wave slamming. Therefore, the height of the tall tower should not be less than the sum of the dive depth of the platform body and the amplitude of the largest wave in the sea area.
  • the top tank of the tower can escape from the tower and survive safely.
  • the cabin is equipped with the necessary technology and living facilities, and can sail for self-rescue.
  • Example 4 Figures 17 and 18 show that the platform consists of 5 to 10 (only 3 are shown in the figure) structural blocks 401A, 401B, and 401C, each of which is about 80 meters long and about 40 meters wide. It is a maritime airport for short-range take-off and landing aircraft, with a length of more than 300 meters to 500 meters. More than 15 building blocks can form an airport for taking off and landing of conventional aircraft.
  • This platform belongs to the type 2 platform of the present invention.
  • the span of the building block is obviously much smaller than the platform span.
  • Adjacent building blocks are connected using a variable degree of freedom connection device 402, which has at least two connection states, including a fixed connection with zero relative freedom of movement of adjacent building blocks, and relative movement of adjacent building blocks.
  • the platform can reduce the effect of wave load on the platform structure by changing the connection state of the building blocks, that is, as shown in FIG. 17, in a wave environment below the threshold, the adjacent building blocks 401A, 401B There is a fixed connection between 401C and 401C, so that the platform has a good overall rigidity and stability; as shown in FIG. 18, in an environment where waves above the threshold may occur, the adjacent building blocks 401A, 401B, 401C Change to active connection to reduce the effect of wave load on the platform structure.
  • the movable connection has at least one degree of freedom of rotation, and can have at most six degrees of freedom of movement, and at least one of the six degrees of freedom of movement has a limited stroke.
  • the movable connection is a ball hinge or a universal joint with a rotating shaft.
  • (1) 3-0 variable-degree-of-freedom connection The movable connection has 3 rotational degrees of freedom.
  • Figure 19, Figure 20, and Figure 21 are 3-0 variable-degree-of-freedom connection devices.
  • Between adjacent building blocks 401A and 401B there is a ball hinge or a universal hinge 413 with a rotating shaft.
  • a oscillating member 414 is hinged on the building block 401B, and the latter has a connection head 414a.
  • the building block 401A has a slotted connecting piece 415.
  • the connector 415 can receive the connector 414a.
  • the connector 414a of the swinging member 414 hinged on the building block 401B does not enter the groove of the connecting member 415 of the building block 401A.
  • Figures 19 and 20 show that the connector 411 ⁇ 2 of the swinging member 414 enters the groove of the connecting member 415 on the building block 401A, and uses a rigid connecting member (such as a bolt, a pin, a stopper, etc.) not shown in the figure to limit the position. Cannot come out of the tank.
  • the two building blocks are in a connected state with a fixed connection relationship, they cannot move relative to each other, and their freedom of movement is zero.
  • the winch 419 on the building block 401A pulls the connector 414a through the rope 418 into the groove of the connection block 415, and then limits the position.
  • the transition is from the 3 degrees of freedom state to the 0 degrees of freedom state. .
  • the entire platform is a structure with a high overall rigidity, as shown in Fig. 17, which is suitable for performing various operations under normal circumstances.
  • Fig. 17 When a storm can occur, the adjacent building blocks are transformed into connections with relative freedom of movement.
  • the platform loses its overall stiffness, which can greatly reduce the structural damage caused by wind waves.
  • the movable connection includes a cylindrical hinge having 1 degree of freedom of rotation, and a rotation axis thereof is substantially parallel to a basic plane of the platform, that is, a static horizontal plane.
  • the ball hinge 13 is replaced by a pair of coaxial cylindrical pin hinges, which is a 1-0 variable degree of freedom connection.
  • the axis of the cylindrical hinge is preferably arranged horizontally.
  • the active connection is a chain cable connection having 6 degrees of freedom.
  • Figure 22 and Figure 23 show the chain-type 6-0 variable degree of freedom connection.
  • the variable-degree-of-freedom connection structure has a pre-position structure 403.
  • the pre-positioning structure 403 has three guiding guide members, namely, a cone socket member 422 and a cone head member 421, each of which is shown in the figure only; and a chain cable 423 and a chain cable 424.
  • FIG. 23 shows that when the bolt connection 425 is effective, the building blocks 401A and 401B cannot move relative to each other.
  • FIG. 23 shows that when the bolt connection 425 is disassembled and disassembled, the building blocks 401A and 401B are connected to each other via three chain cables 423 (only one is shown in the figure). The relative freedom of motion is now 6.
  • the tensioner 424 is wound around the tightening chain cable 423, the two building blocks are brought closer to each other, and the cone socket piece 422 and the cone head piece 421 are positioned so that the bolt 425 connection can be easily restored.
  • the rope 423 is preferably passed through the central hole of the cone head and the cone socket, and the tensioner is driven by a worm gear with a self-locking function.
  • variable-degree-of-freedom connections It is not difficult to design a variety of variable degrees of freedom connections from 1-0 to 6-0 using conventional means in mechanical technology.
  • variable-degree-of-freedom connection structures that is, they and the structure Parts 401A and 401B are not all permanently connected (such as welding), and at least one side (401A side or 401B side) is detachable.
  • the variable-degree-of-freedom connection structure is separated from at least one building block, adjacent building blocks are completely separated and have no relationship with each other.
  • Each building block can be sailed to the working water area and formed by itself. If individual building blocks are damaged, they can be dismantled and removed so that the entire platform can quickly restore basic functions.
  • the ball joint 413 may be considered to adopt a quick clutch structure, similar to a railway vehicle connector (but three degrees of freedom movement should be allowed after joining), which is a practical detail.
  • Each building block of the variable degree of freedom structure is configured with the variable buoyancy device and the depth control device described in this patent, and a method of diving and avoiding waves can be adopted to further reduce the damage of the platform structure caused by wind and wave loads. By doing so, the effects of Embodiments 1 and 2 can be further obtained.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de réduire la puissance de la houle due au vent exercée sur une plateforme à site de fixation à la surface de l'eau, et une plateforme associée. Avant d'atteindre une situation critique de houle due au vent, la plateforme possède une flottabilité et une rigidité globales nécessaires à ses possibilités de fonctionnement normal, ces propriétés ne permettant plus un fonctionnement normal de la plateforme si les conditions environnantes dépassent la situation critique. La plateforme ou le corps principal de la plateforme passe dans un état de sécurité spécifique de façon à réduire les dommages sur la structure et sur le système d'amarrage de la plateforme provoqués par la puissance de la houle due au vent, ce qui permet d'assurer la survie de la plateforme et de diminuer son poids. Dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, on met en oeuvre une structure de plateforme submergée anti-vague constituée d'un dispositif de changement de la flottabilité pouvant d'autre part comprendre un dispositif de régulation de la profondeur et une structure partiellement non immergée. Un autre mode de réalisation concerne une structure de plateforme à modules multiples avec possibilité de changement de la rigidité globale, le modules pouvant être connectés grâce à une connexion à plusieurs degrés de liberté.
PCT/CN2003/000304 2002-04-25 2003-04-25 Procede de reduction de la puissance de la houle due au vent exercee sur une plateforme a site de fixation a la surface de l'eau et plateforme associee WO2003091092A1 (fr)

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AU2003236163A AU2003236163A1 (en) 2002-04-25 2003-04-25 A method to decrease wind-wave load for water-surface fixation-site platform and related platform

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CN02117180 2002-04-25
CN02117180.7 2002-04-25
CN02123868.5 2002-07-05
CN02123868 2002-07-05
CN02125379.X 2002-07-30
CN 02125379 CN1453184A (zh) 2002-04-25 2002-07-30 水上浮动平台及其降低风浪载荷的方法

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CN100391785C (zh) * 2006-03-22 2008-06-04 中国科学院力学研究所 一种带有避难装置的海上浮式平台
CN102862656A (zh) * 2012-10-22 2013-01-09 东莞市科旺网络能源有限公司 一种模块化水上平台
CN102943432A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-02-27 杨石红 一种海上浮桥
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