WO1994020294A1 - Autonomously responsive laminate, method of manufacturing the same and window using the same laminate - Google Patents
Autonomously responsive laminate, method of manufacturing the same and window using the same laminate Download PDFInfo
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- WO1994020294A1 WO1994020294A1 PCT/JP1994/000325 JP9400325W WO9420294A1 WO 1994020294 A1 WO1994020294 A1 WO 1994020294A1 JP 9400325 W JP9400325 W JP 9400325W WO 9420294 A1 WO9420294 A1 WO 9420294A1
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- aqueous solution
- laminate
- water
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
- B32B17/10486—Variable transmission photochromic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
- B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
- B32B17/10568—Shape of the cross-section varying in thickness
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on thermo-optic effects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate that blocks light when it is irradiated with a light beam, which changes to white turbidity due to a thermal action due to light absorption, and to its production and use. This makes it possible to realize buildings, vehicles, etc. with windows that selectively block only the surface irradiated with direct light. In addition, it can be used for partitions with electronic curtains and indoor windows such as doors by combining with a thermal element. Background art
- a light control glass in which a composite glass incorporating a functional material is used instead of a mechanical method to control light reversibly physicochemically.
- a liquid crystal an electoric aperture chromium, a fine particle polarization orientation, a photochromic, and a slim aperture mixer.
- heat-absorbing glass and heat-reflecting glass have been used for windows to prevent solar energy from entering the living space.
- heat-absorbing glass and heat-reflecting glass certainly prevent solar energy from entering the living space, they still have the disadvantage that coloring and surface glare remain, losing the inherent colorless and transparent advantages of glass.
- the photochromic method and the quick-mix method can be selected, but they are more artificial than the photochromic method, which has a complicated action mechanism and wavelength dependence.
- the thermo-mix type which relies solely on the heat action that can easily adjust the temperature as needed, is excellent.
- Solar energy reaching the earth is in the range of 290 to 2140 nm, of which about 80% is in the visible to near-infrared region of 400 to 100 nm, and more than in the near-infrared region. It should be noted that the visible region is larger. This indicates that controlling sunlight in the visible region is important not only for blindfold action, but also for energy saving and anti-glare effects.
- the present invention is intended to utilize the fact that when light is irradiated on an object, the light is absorbed and converted into heat, and the heat raises the temperature of the object. Further, the temperature may be artificially controlled by a thermal element for use.
- thermochromic glass In order to be widely used as thermochromic glass, the following conditions must be satisfied.
- Transparent-opaque phase change is reversible.
- the present inventor has focused on an aqueous solution that undergoes a phase transition from a colorless and transparent state to a cloudy and opaque state due to a rise in the temperature of the aqueous solution, as an autonomous response material that may satisfy these conditions.
- this is transparent under normal conditions, and is opaque and light-shielded by the addition of energy, which is also advantageous in terms of fail-safe.
- a water-soluble aqueous polymer solution is a colorless, transparent, and homogeneous aqueous solution.However, if it is heated and left in a cloudy, opaque state, it undergoes phase separation, causing unevenness in the aqueous solution and reducing the uniformity. could not be maintained and repeated reversible changes could not be made. Further, when a laminate was formed using this aqueous solution and left standing vertically, the cloudy aggregate was easily sedimented and separated due to a difference in specific gravity, and became unusable. In particular, it is necessary to control the turbidity onset temperature for practical use. However, when an inorganic electrolyte was added for this purpose, this phenomenon became more remarkable.
- an aqueous solution of a polysaccharide derivative having a hydroxypropyl group having a good hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance has a sufficient solar direct light even in a thin film state. We noticed that it could be shut off. Therefore, we focused on a water-soluble polymer having a polysaccharide as the main chain and a hydroxypropyl group in the side chain, and as a representative example, a hydroxypropyl cellulose having a structurally stable cellulose as the main chain for the time being. The solution was selected and its aqueous solution was studied in detail.
- an aqueous solution of hydroxypropylcellulose having a concentration of 50% by weight or more has a characteristic characteristic of cholesteric liquid crystal as a polymer cholesteric liquid crystal having a lip opening. And a rainbow-colored interference color having a viewing angle dependency due to selective scattering of visible light rays.
- the dislocation temperature shifts depending on the molecular weight, concentration, the amount of electrolyte added, and the like. Therefore, a study was conducted to roughly satisfy the above condition 4.
- the selective scattering wavelength of the liquid crystal is red-shifted by decreasing the concentration or increasing the temperature.
- the concentration was reduced, and a concentration that selectively scattered near-infrared rays at around 20 ° C (for example, a weight of 56 was devised so as to satisfy the conditions for achromaticization.
- a concentration that selectively scattered near-infrared rays at around 20 ° C for example, a weight of 56 was devised so as to satisfy the conditions for achromaticization.
- the concentration of this aqueous solution is further reduced (for example, even if the weight is 52%, in this case, two phases of a liquid crystal phase and an isotropic phase are used). State, pale and light scattering, transparency was severely impaired and could not be used.
- the present inventor has again focused on an isotropic aqueous solution of a polysaccharide derivative that does not show viewing angle dependence in both the transparent state and the cloudy opaque state, and as a result, the reversible change of the isotropic aqueous solution has been confirmed.
- the inventors have found that repetition can be performed without causing separation, and thus have remained as a basic problem so far, and have solved the deficiencies that cannot be put to practical use, leading to the present invention. Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide an isotropic aqueous solution of a polysaccharide derivative, which can be repeatedly and stably reversibly changed into a transparent state and a cloudy opaque state by a temperature change without having a viewing angle dependency. It is to provide a manufacturing method and a window using the same.
- the present invention provides at least one isotropic aqueous solution in which a polysaccharide derivative dissolved in water is aggregated due to an increase in temperature to cause cloudy scattering and reduce light transmittance.
- the isotropic aqueous solution has a weight average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 200,000.
- An aqueous medium comprising water and an amphiphile in an amount of about 25 to about 450 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative per 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative about 110 to about 2,000 parts by weight
- An autonomous response laminate which is a solution dissolved in water, is provided.
- the laminate of the present invention can be produced by sealing an isotropic aqueous solution of the above composition in a cell having at least a-part that is transparent and allows the aqueous solution to be viewed directly.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one embodiment of the autonomous response laminate according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views schematically showing other examples of the autonomous response laminate according to the present invention.
- FIG 8 and 9 are graphs each showing the relationship between the temperature and the spectrum change in one embodiment of the autonomous response laminate according to the present invention.
- the aqueous solution used in the present invention is an aqueous medium composed of water and an amphipathic substance, and a polysaccharide derivative dissolved in the aqueous medium, which is dissolved in the aqueous medium. It is an autonomously responsive isotropic aqueous solution that essentially consists of a polysaccharide derivative that forms an isotropic aqueous solution with reduced light transmittance and satisfies the following conditions.
- Transparent-opaque phase change is reversible.
- the present invention has made possible, for example, the stable and reversible change of an isotropic aqueous solution of a polysaccharide derivative which produces a cloudy and opaque state with an increase in temperature.
- the polysaccharide derivative useful in the present invention contains a nonionic functional group and is uniformly dissolved even at a high concentration of about 25 to about 50% by weight at room temperature to form an aqueous solution, and becomes cloudy and opaque as the temperature rises. It is.
- the polysaccharide used as a raw material is not particularly limited, and for example, polysaccharides such as cellulose, pullulan, and dextran can be widely used. Specific examples of such polysaccharide derivatives include propylene. There are hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylpurpuran, hydroxypropyl dextran and the like obtained by adding a high level of oxide. Among them, cellulose derivatives are important because they have high stability.
- the description is mainly made of the cellulose derivative, but of course, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the average molecular weight of the polysaccharide derivative is small, the aggregation is small and the cloudiness is weak. If the average molecular weight is large, the aggregation becomes too large due to the polymer effect, and the phase separation is liable to occur.
- the molecular weight of the polysaccharide derivative ranges from about 10,000 to about 200,000, preferably from about 15,000 to about 100,000. Further, two or more derivatives having a molecular weight distribution may be used as a mixture.
- hydroquinethyl cellulose has a hydrophilic group and is water-soluble, but cannot aggregate because it has no hydrophobic group. Does not cause cloudiness.
- hydroxypropylcellulose is water-soluble and can produce a coagulated cloudy state.
- a functional group having both a nonionic hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group is added, and even at a high concentration of about 25 to about 50 wt.
- Water-soluble polysaccharide derivatives that dissolve uniformly in water are useful in the present invention.
- the addition of the functional group may be a single kind or a plurality of kinds, and is not particularly limited.
- a derivative in which an additional functional group is added to a hydroxyl group of the added hydroxypropyl group and a derivative in which a hydroxypropyl group is added as an additional functional group (for example, a derivative added to hydroxyxethyl cellulose).
- the present invention is not limited to a derivative having a single functional group.
- These functional groups and the method of adding them are disclosed in detail, for example, in “Area Organic Chemistry”, Volume 19, published by Asakura Shoten. By combining these methods with general addition reactions, hydroxyl groups and lower By adding an alkyl group, a halogen group, etc., the hydrophilic / hydrophobic balance can be adjusted.
- the amphiphilic substance is a compound having both a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part, and functions to prevent the occurrence of phase separation when the above-mentioned isotropic aqueous solution of the polysaccharide derivative is clouded and agglomerated.
- the principle of action of the amphiphile is that when a polysaccharide derivative undergoes cloudy agglomeration, it is incorporated into the aggregate at the molecular or micellar level and water molecules, It is thought that the phase separation does not occur because the water is converted into bound water.
- the concentration of the polysaccharide derivative in water is about 18% by weight or less, and more certainly about 25% by weight or less, the incorporation of water molecules becomes insufficient and free. Increased water can cause water separation and phase separation.
- the addition of amphiphilic substances weakens aggregation and shifts the onset temperature of cloudy aggregation to a few degrees higher.
- the onset temperature of cloudy aggregation can be easily controlled by the composition of the aqueous medium (mixing ratio of water-amphiphilic molecules) and the concentration of the polysaccharide derivative-aqueous medium. And even down to room temperature.
- the starting temperature of cloudy aggregation can also be lowered by adding an electrolyte, for example, sodium chloride, and the starting temperature can be controlled by the amount of addition.
- an electrolyte for example, sodium chloride
- the hydrophobic group of the amphiphilic substance forms a water bond with the hydrophobic group of the polysaccharide derivative, and the hydrophilic group maintains the uptake of water molecules by hydration. It is likely that the specific action of the substance will maintain the overall phase balance and prevent phase separation.
- the amphipathic substance does not exist, a hydrophobic bond is generated between the polysaccharide derivative molecules, and together with the polymer effect, aggregation becomes dense and phase separation occurs, resulting in an irreversible change system.
- the hydrophilic portion of the amphiphilic substance is preferably neutral for the stability of the aqueous solution, but may be an ionic one, for example, a sodium sulfonate base. Nonionic, for example, hydroxyl group It may be.
- This basic principle can be widely used without any particular limitation as long as it is a polysaccharide derivative having a hydrophobic group that causes cloudy aggregation when the temperature of an aqueous solution rises due to the effect of hydrophobic bonding.
- the ratio of the water-polysaccharide derivative is preferably about 18% by weight or more, more preferably about 25% by weight or more, from the phase separation of water.
- the high concentration side does not need to be particularly high; instead, the effect of the hydrophobic bond is weakened, and no phase separation occurs, but the opacity light shielding is weakened and the viscosity becomes high, making it difficult to laminate uniformly without bubbles. Therefore, the content is preferably about 50% by weight or less.
- the amount is not limited to about 50% by weight or less, but, for example, a liquid crystal phase such as hydroxypropylcellulose, which has a small addition amount of an amphiphile and exhibits interference colors If it is less than about 50% by weight, it is difficult to obtain a colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution.
- a composition of 75% by weight of hydroxypropyl propylcellulose (the remaining 25% by weight is a 5% by weight aqueous solution of sodium chloride) may have an amphipathic substance, for example, polyoxypropylene 2 having a molecular weight of 400.
- Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol was added as a solvent, and when the ratio of hydroxypropyl cellulose to the total amount was about 30% by weight, a cloudy change appeared at about 67 ° C.
- concentration the ratio of the water-monosaccharide derivative
- the concentration is not limited to about 50% by weight or less. In addition, from the standpoint of practicality, it is much easier to reduce the viscosity by controlling the overall proportion of the polysaccharide derivative, and the production becomes much easier.
- an isotropic aqueous solution having a polysaccharide derivative concentration of about 30% by weight which can be obtained by ordinary stirring and mixing, can be relatively easily defoamed.
- this isotropic aqueous solution was placed on a substrate, laminated, pressed, washed, and the outer periphery was sealed, whereby a bubble-free uniform laminate was obtained.
- the amount of water (which may contain an electrolyte) is preferably about 25 to about 450 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative. Preferably, it is about 50 to about 300 parts by weight.
- An amphiphilic substance is a compound that has both a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group and is soluble or uniformly dispersed in water at room temperature.
- the hydrophilic group include a nonionic group such as a hydroxyl group, an ether bond and an ester bond, and an ionic group such as a sodium sulfonate base.
- the hydrophobic group include a lower alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group and a butyl group, and a higher alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example, a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, There are nonionic groups such as aromatic alkyl groups.
- the pH of the resulting solution can be adjusted with a buffer, but a neutral salt is preferred from the viewpoint of stability.
- a neutral salt is preferred from the viewpoint of stability.
- the molecular weight of the amphiphilic substance is too large, irreversible changes are likely to occur due to the macromolecular effect, and especially if the molecular weight is large, the effect will not be better, and the viscosity of the isotropic aqueous solution will increase. The workability is deteriorated. Further, those having a halogen substituent such as chlorine (merely increasing the molecular weight) also do not show particularly excellent effects. Therefore, this molecular weight may be about 3,000 or less of the oligomer region, and is more preferably about 1,000 or less, because it is easy to use.
- the molecular weight is preferably about 140 or more. Since the ionic group has a very high hydrophilicity, the hydrophobic group is preferably an alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms in order to balance this.
- nonionic amphiphiles include dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, molecular weight Polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 200 to 1,000, polyoxypropylene glycerin having a molecular weight of 400 to 000, and polyoxypropylene having a molecular weight of 300 to 800 2-hydroxyethyl-1,2-hydroxymethyl-1,3, -pronoxydiol, molecular weight 300 ⁇ 2,000 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene (weight ratio 50:50) block co-oligomer, molecular weight 250 ⁇
- a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxyl group and an ether bond
- a hydrophobic group such as a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms can be widely used.
- the amphiphilic substance is used in an amount of about 0.5 to about 800 parts by weight, particularly about 3 to about 600 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of water present in the isotropic aqueous solution.
- two or more amphiphilic substances may be used as a mixture.
- the amount of water is 100 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polysaccharide derivative, if the amount of the nonionic amphiphile added is increased, it becomes colorless and transparent. An isotropic aqueous solution is obtained. This seems to be because the amphiphile acts as a solvent. Also, as the amount of water becomes relatively small, the cohesive force becomes weak, and a higher temperature is required for strong clouding.
- the amount of the aqueous medium comprising water (which may contain an electrolyte or a low molecular weight alcohol) and the amphiphilic substance is about 100 to about 100. It is preferably 2,000 parts by weight, preferably about 150 to about 1,800 parts by weight.
- the turbidity change rate and the turbidity onset temperature can be freely designed, and the turbidity onset temperature can be easily reduced to about 5 ° C. . this Is useful for indoor and outdoor windows that require a translucent state at room temperature, electronic curtains such as indoor partitions that control the temperature with thermal elements, and for special industrial applications (for example, temperature sensors).
- ionic amphiphiles include, for example, sodium lauryl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium polyoxyshethylene higher fatty acid monoethanolamide sulfonate (eg, Examples include amizette S 3 L) of Kawaken Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., and amphoteric amidopropyl betaine laurate.
- compounds having both an ionic hydrophilic group which becomes dissociated and neutral and a hydrophobic group such as an alkyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms can be widely used. These can be used in the same amounts as described above for the nonionic amphiphile.
- an inorganic electrolyte may be added as a temperature shifting agent.
- It is preferably a neutral salt, for example, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate and the like.
- the addition amount may be 0.1 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water, and usually about 1 to 8 parts by weight is preferable for use in windows and the like.
- a low molecular alcohol which is a temperature shift agent and also has a solvent action, for example, ethyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol and the like can also be used.
- Ethyl alcohol and propylene glycol contribute to the temperature rise, and sec-butyl alcohol contributes to the temperature drop.
- the addition amount thereof may be 0.5 to 500 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of water, and usually about 3 to 300 parts by weight is preferable for use in windows and the like.
- a coloring agent for optional coloring of the isotropic aqueous solution and an ultraviolet absorber for improving light resistance may be added, and a near infrared absorber may be added for absorbing heat rays.
- the coloring agent only needs to be dissolved in water.
- I. Direct Blue 86, CI Acid Red 8, CI Acid Yellow 11, and the like The addition amount may be 0.01 to 2 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the isotropic aqueous solution.
- the UV absorber must be water-soluble, for example, Sumisorb 110S of Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the addition amount may be 0.01 to 2 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the isotropic water solution.
- the water may be ordinary pure water.
- the aqueous medium referred to in the present invention is a low-viscosity liquid composed of water and an amphiphilic substance, and may further contain the above-mentioned electrolyte, low-molecular-weight alcohol and other additives.
- the temperature dependency of the autonomous response laminate of the present invention depends on the isotropic aqueous solution used.
- 100 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl cellulose (100% by weight of hydroxypropyl group, 62.4% of 2% aqueous solution viscosity 8.5 cps. Average molecular weight of about 60,000) and 400 average molecular weight Prepare a colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution at 20 ° C consisting of 10 parts by weight of pyrene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 6 parts by weight of sodium chloride and 200 parts by weight of pure water. Made.
- This isotropic aqueous solution was provided at a thickness of 0.2 band between Asahi Glass's 10 cm square float soda glass with a thickness of 6 mm to form a laminate.
- the reversible stability of the laminate at room temperature and 60 ° C and the stability when left at 60 ° C for a long time were both good without phase separation.
- the rate of change was also very steep.
- the cloudiness started to be opaque at about 34 ° C, and at about 40, the cloudiness was strongly shielded, and it became impossible to see through at all.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of measuring the light transmission spectrum in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions of nm.
- 1 is the initial spectrum at room temperature (about 20 ° C)
- 2 is the spectrum at about 45 ° C. Measured while cooling from this temperature, 3, 4, 5, and This is a spectrum of 6.
- ionic amphiphile for example, hydroxypropyl cellulose (62.4% of hydroxypropyl group, viscosity of 2% aqueous solution 8.5 cps, average molecular weight about 60,000) Parts by weight, 10 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, 6 parts by weight of sodium chloride and 200 parts by weight of pure water to prepare a colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution at 20 ° C. Thus, a laminate having a thickness of 0.2 mm was prepared. Both the irreversible stability at room temperature and 60 ° C. and the stability when left for a long time at 60 ° C. were good without phase separation. FIG.
- FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are schematic cross-sectional views of one embodiment of the laminate of the present invention, wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is an isotropic aqueous solution, 3 is a sealing agent, and 4 is a frame. It is.
- the laminate of FIG. 1 has the basic form of the laminate according to the present invention, and isotropic aqueous solution 2 is laminated between substrate 1 at least partially transparent and capable of directly viewing isotropic aqueous solution 2. It was done.
- the layer thickness of the isotropic aqueous solution 2 is not particularly limited, but may be about 0.01 to 2 thighs, and a thickness of about 0.2 mm can sufficiently shield light.
- the sealant 3 is provided to prevent water from evaporating, and may be disposed between the substrates at the outer peripheral portion or may be disposed outside the substrate.
- a fixing frame 4 for example, a U-shaped member, an L-shaped member, a metal tape, or the like
- This frame 4 is particularly effective in the case of a manufacturing method in which an isotropic aqueous solution is laminated and then sealed. Also, for stronger sealing and ease of production, for example, the outer periphery is temporarily sealed with a metal tape with adhesive, adhesive rubber, fast-curing resin, etc., and then isotropically attached to the outer periphery. The aqueous solution or the like may be washed and removed, and then the frame may be sealed with the sealing agent 3 to perform multi-stage sealing. Further, a corner cap may be used at the end as an auxiliary frame. In the case of a laminated body provided with external terminals for energization, it is only necessary to pay attention to short-circuits caused by the frame, and it is not necessary to particularly explain.
- sealing agent 3 examples include an epoxy resin (for example, Flep of Toray Recoal), an acryl resin (for example, a photosensitive resin such as a photo bond of Sunrise Macey), a polysulfide sealant, and the like.
- an epoxy resin for example, Flep of Toray Recoal
- an acryl resin for example, a photosensitive resin such as a photo bond of Sunrise Macey
- a polysulfide sealant examples include an epoxy resin (for example, Flep of Toray Recoal), an acryl resin (for example, a photosensitive resin such as a photo bond of Sunrise Macey), a polysulfide sealant, and the like.
- Isobutylene-based sealants, water-resistant acrylic adhesives, etc. can be used.
- an inorganic sealant that adheres to glass for example, Asahi Glass's Cerasolzer. Is also good.
- the present inventors have studied a method that can reliably suppress the evaporation of water for a long time even with an organic sealing agent. Focusing on the fact that water evaporates due to permeation through a membrane, this problem was solved by two-stage sealing, focusing on the fact that the gas-liquid equilibrium was not established. In other words, a second sealing portion is provided outside the first sealing portion, an environment region of saturated steam or Z and water is created between these sealing portions, and isotropically sealed between the laminated substrates. This is a method to prevent evaporation of water by always establishing a vapor-liquid equilibrium with the aqueous solution.
- 10 and 11 are schematic cross-sectional views of one embodiment of the present invention having such a configuration, wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is an isotropic aqueous solution, 3 is a sealing agent, 4 is a frame, and 10 is saturated. Steam and / or water, 12 is a tube.
- the amount of water to be inserted between the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion may be determined in consideration of the amount of evaporation from the second sealing portion and can be easily calculated.
- the environment area of saturated steam can be maintained for a long period of 10 years or more.
- sealants commonly used in glass typically have a moisture permeability of about 0.05 g / sq.m.
- polyisobutylene at 20 ° C, 5 thighs, and 85% relative humidity. 'Day, about 1 g Z square meter in polysulfide system' day.
- the saturated steam is not strictly meaning, but may be substantially saturated, and is used in that sense. Naturally, the presence of liquid water will maintain saturation regardless of the temperature.
- the atmosphere between the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion is in a state of saturated steam, evaporation of water from the isotropic aqueous solution can be prevented.
- the method of holding the water is not particularly limited and can be widely used.
- a method of injecting water between the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion from the injection hole into the laminated body up to the second sealing, a water retention material, for example, a superabsorbent polymer, glass fiber, micro A method of arranging capsules, cotton fibers, sponges, etc. with water, arranging water in a tube having a water-permeable membrane, arranging a basin at the bottom of the frame of the laminate, etc.
- spacers for example, glass beads, resin beads, etc.
- spacers for example, glass beads, resin beads, etc.
- spacers for example, glass beads, resin beads, etc.
- the substrate is only required to be partially transparent and capable of directly viewing the isotropic aqueous solution 2, and various materials, for example, glass, plastic, ceramics, metal, and the like can be used. If so, it may be a simple substance, a composite material, a material whose surface is processed, or the like, and may be used in combination. For example, the combination of glass and a blackened aluminum plate is effective for autonomous response because the aluminum plate becomes a high light absorber.
- glass sheets as window materials include simple single-pane glass, tempered glass, netted glass, heat absorbing glass, heat reflecting glass, heat absorbing reflecting glass, laminated glass, ultraviolet absorbing laminated glass, transparent conductive glass,
- multi-layer glass, composite glass of transparent veneer glass and polycarbonate, and the like which can be used as a pair of substrates according to the purpose by appropriately combining types, thicknesses, and the like.
- the shape of the cut surface can be freely selected, such as a normal right angle, about 45 degrees, a partial oblique cut, etc., and can be used for sealing structure, production, etc.
- lamination of different size substrates lamination of shifted substrates
- the substrate may be selected so that a sealant pool is provided by the above method.
- the heat-absorbing glass is a glass coated with a heat-absorbing glass designed to absorb solar energy, a heat-reflecting glass (reflection and strong absorption), a heat-absorbing and reflecting glass, and a near-infrared absorbing agent.
- a green heat-absorbing glass designed to strongly absorb ultraviolet and near-infrared rays by adding cerium or titanium or increasing the amount of iron added a colorless transparent heat ray called Low-E glass Reflective glass, blue heat ray reflective glass, etc. should be used.
- a window using a laminated composite laminate can provide an unprecedented window that has an autonomous response effectively with respect to a selective light-shielding function while having advantages such as colorless and transparent, energy saving and weather resistance.
- a pair of ordinary single veneer glasses can also be used in the present invention because they are heated by absorbing solar energy.
- the ultraviolet-absorbing glass is a glass that specifically excites ultraviolet light of 330 nm or less, preferably 350 nra or less.
- General soda-lime glass is preferred from the viewpoint of weather resistance, since the ultraviolet transmittance below 330 nm rapidly decreases when the thickness is about 5 or more.
- the transmittance of ultraviolet light at 330 nm is about 16% for a thigh thickness and about 39% for a 3 mm thickness.
- the thicker the plate the greater the absorption of heat rays, and the thicker plate is also advantageous for selective shading.
- a source that cuts this ultraviolet light more strongly as the soda lime glass substrate there is the above-mentioned green heat ray absorbing glass (for example, Green Ral SP, 330 nm from Central Glass Co., Ltd., transmittance of about 0% at 6 thicknesses).
- green heat ray absorbing glass for example, Green Ral SP, 330 nm from Central Glass Co., Ltd., transmittance of about 0% at 6 thicknesses.
- borosilicate glass for example, ITY of Isuzu Seie Glass Co., Ltd.
- JP-A-4-18501 and JP-A-5-229848 is disclosed in JP-A-4-18501 and JP-A-5-229848.
- the sharp absorption characteristics of the bulk make it possible to cut UV rays in the entire UV region below 400 nm with high selectivity.
- a liquid ultraviolet absorber for example, Tinuvin 109, 171, 384 of Ciba Geigy Co., Ltd.
- a liquid film layer is formed as an ultraviolet absorbing layer
- the ultraviolet light is reliably absorbed in a planar manner as in the absorption of glass bulk.
- a stable filter that can be absorbed into the filter was obtained.
- the present inventor measured the transmission spectrum in the ultraviolet region by laminating Tinuvin 171 and Tinuvin 109 with a thickness of 0.1 between three soda lime glass substrates. The former started from 392nm, and the latter started from 412nm.
- Irradiation was performed for 500 hours using an -F2 type exposure apparatus under the conditions of an ultraviolet intensity of 100 mW, a black panel temperature of 63 ° C, and an irradiation distance of 235 strokes.
- Example 1 3 mm thick soda lime glass
- large unevenness in white turbidity occurred with bubbles.
- No change was observed in the white turbidity characteristics of the laminate of 1.5 mm thick IT Y-420 substrate.
- 3 Thick soda lime glass Z 0.1 Thick tinuvin 171 ZS mm Thick soda lime glass laminate showed no change in cloudiness characteristics.
- Three No change was observed in the cloudiness characteristics of the laminate of soda lime glass with a thickness of 0.375 mm butyral film and a thickness of 0.3 mm soda lime glass.
- the degree of the cloudy and opaque state is continuously changed by continuously changing the layer thickness of the isotropic aqueous solution 2. This is useful for adjusting solar radiation near windows.
- the aqueous solution 2 in a certain part is thinned or eliminated to ensure transparency (for example, a car window), or images of figures, characters, abstract patterns, etc.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment, in which isotropic aqueous solutions 2-1 and 2-2 having different compositions are provided as an isotropic aqueous solution 2 so that image information can be displayed based on a difference in the degree of cloudiness.
- It is a laminated body.
- the arrangement of the aqueous solutions 2-1 and 2-2 may be in parallel or in series.
- the aqueous solution 2-2 may be formed into a normal polymer solution (for example, an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer) that is soluble in water of substantially the same concentration, to form a laminate that can display image information based on the presence or absence of cloudiness.
- This image information can be used without any particular limitation, such as figures, characters, and abstract patterns. In the case of serial connection, it may be separated by thin glass, transparent film, or the like.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of still another embodiment, in which at least one substrate is provided with an ultraviolet absorbing layer 5 (this substrate is set outside the window).
- the ultraviolet-absorbing layer 5 is formed on the surface of the substrate (for example, Atom Chemical Co., Ltd.'s Atombarian UV) or the inside of the substrate (for example, laminated glass having a petal film that absorbs ultraviolet light, liquid ultraviolet absorption).
- the substrate may be the laminated glass having a sorbent or the like, or the substrate itself (eg, Greenlar SP of Central Glass, ITY of Isuzu Seie Glass, etc.). Normal soda lime glass absorbs ultraviolet light, but it becomes easier to transmit ultraviolet light as it becomes thinner.
- an ultraviolet absorbing layer 5 When using a thin plate of less than 4 layers, it is preferable to provide an ultraviolet absorbing layer 5.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view of still another embodiment.
- This is a composite multilayer laminate that uses the principle of the hot box to store solar heat in the gas layer, and at the same time provides a heating effect as well as the heat insulating effect of conventional multilayer glass.
- 6 is an additional substrate
- 7 is a gas layer
- 8 is a sealant for the gas layer.
- This structure corresponds to a conventional double-glazed glass having a substrate on one side formed as a laminate of the present invention.
- the ultraviolet absorbing layer shown in Fig. 5 when combined with the ultraviolet absorbing layer shown in Fig. 5, it is very effective as a skylight, atrium or the like. Also, it is preferable to prevent the evaporation of water by suppressing a rise in the temperature of the sealing portion by forming a mask, radiating heat, or the like in accordance with the shape of the frame, a method of attaching the frame, or the like.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of still another embodiment. This is to provide a thermal element to further expand the range of use of the laminate of the present invention and to artificially control the heat as an electronic curtain to block the line of sight.
- the thermal element layer 9 is provided in the laminate. Have been.
- the thermal element layer 9 may be provided outside the laminate, or may be provided in a sandwiched state in the laminate. Examples of the heat element include a transparent conductive film, carbon paste, metal base, metal wire, barium titanate-based ceramics, etc., and a thermoelectric element that can be further heated and cooled (for example, Komatsu Electronics Co., Ltd.). Thermo panels, etc.) can also be used.
- the setting of the heat element can be performed on the entire surface of the substrate or a part thereof. Also, the substrate may be divided into stripes so that the substrate can be heated evenly.
- the substrate surface can be selectively irradiated with an imaged thermal element or with infrared rays (for example, a laser). Image information may be displayed.
- the inner periphery of the sealing portion may be masked to shield a transparent portion, which is likely to occur on the outer periphery of the laminate, from light. These can, of course, be controlled automatically by combining them with sensors and control circuits.
- the temperature of the laminate may be controlled by circulating a cooling medium (for example, dry air, antifreeze water, etc.) through the gas layer of the composite multilayer laminate of FIG.
- a cooling medium for example, dry air, antifreeze water, etc.
- shading light using the waste heat of automobiles is effective not only in terms of livability but also in terms of energy saving during cooling in summer. In winter, if this is used as an air layer, it will become a double-glazed glass and can prevent cooling from windows.
- the laminate of the present invention as a window glass for the entire ceiling, it is possible to realize a new concept car that satisfies both openness and comfort.
- Examples of the windows according to the present invention include windows of ordinary buildings, vehicles such as automobiles and railway vehicles, and windows of transport machines such as ships, aircraft, and elevators.
- This window has a broad meaning and includes things such as arcades and atrium glass ceilings, doors with windows, partitions, etc., as well as glass doors, screens, and walls that are entirely transparent.
- the autonomous response laminate is combined with a building material sash or a vehicle frame to form an autonomous response laminate having a frame for each application such as a building or a vehicle.
- the present invention also includes a window unit that is simply attached to a vehicle. This unit will make it easier to seal the autonomous response stack. It is effective in preventing water evaporation due to permeation and preventing sealing deterioration due to light.Especially effective for semi-permanent use or severe use such as ordinary building windows and vehicle windows. is there.
- an isotropic aqueous solution is used in the form of a plate by coating and laminating an isotropic aqueous solution in a hollow body, a sphere, a microcapsule, a resin sheet, or the like is also available. If present, it is included in the laminate of the present invention.
- the rod-shaped hollow body only needs to be able to hold an isotropic aqueous solution in the hollow portion, and the material (eg, glass, plastic, etc.), cross-sectional shape (eg, circle, ellipse, rectangle, division, etc.), size, size —
- the material eg, glass, plastic, etc.
- cross-sectional shape eg, circle, ellipse, rectangle, division, etc.
- size size
- the gas layer tube is arranged inside the hollow body, it will be lighter, heat-insulating, hot-box, etc., and will be more functional.
- the sealing portions are provided only at both ends, sealing can be easily and reliably performed. This sealing is preferably performed by glass fusion sealing.
- glass fusion sealing By arranging a large number of these hollow bodies in a plane, they can be used in the same manner as curtains and blinds. In other words, when the hollow assembly is closed like a force, it is difficult to see through the interior from the outside due to the lens effect, and it is possible to selectively block cloudy light when irradiated with direct light. In addition, it can be easily replaced, so it can be called a new functional curtain.
- the laminate according to the present invention includes a solution method in which an isotropic aqueous solution having the above-described composition is laminated between substrates, and a method in which a solid coating film made of a polysaccharide derivative, a unit film, a fine rod, a small ball, or the like is provided on a substrate. And then dissolved by contact between the aqueous medium and the substrate to obtain an isotropic aqueous solution having the above-mentioned composition. Can be At this time, even if flow unevenness occurs at the time of pressurization and lamination, if it is left for several days, it becomes uniform by self-diffusion, so that there is no particular problem.
- an aqueous solution of a polysaccharide derivative which is uniformly dissolved using water containing 0.1 to 5% by weight of an electrolyte, is heated to agglomerate cloudy, and rapidly
- This high-concentration aqueous solution of the polysaccharide derivative and a low-viscosity medium, such as an aqueous medium containing an amphipathic substance, an electrolyte, etc., are uniformly mixed with a static mixer so that the desired composition is obtained.
- An isotropic aqueous solution is obtained.
- an isotropic aqueous solution of the polysaccharide derivative can be easily obtained by changing the composition of the low-viscosity medium, which is very convenient.
- This isotropic aqueous solution may be placed between the substrates, and after pressurized lamination, the outer periphery may be sealed. This solution method is suitable not only for the production of the laminate of FIG.
- an isotropic aqueous solution of the intended composition may be applied to the substrate in a thin film over the entire surface, such as once every apriquet, left as it is, and after defoaming, the opposite substrate may be laminated.
- This defoaming by leaving as it is can be performed in a short time because it is in a thin film state. It may be left under saturated steam if necessary.
- Lamination may be performed by paying attention to air bubbles and contacting from the sides to match the surfaces, and high pressure is not particularly required.
- in order to prevent air bubbles It may be layered.
- the solid method is a method in which an aqueous medium is diffused in a polysaccharide derivative between substrates to obtain a uniform isotropic aqueous solution having a desired composition.
- various forms of solids can be used, and the solid method is particularly limited.
- a simple coating method is very effective.
- This coating film method is a method in which a polysaccharide derivative is applied to a substrate by an ordinary method, dried, and then a counter substrate is laminated at regular intervals. In this case, a simultaneous lamination method in which these opposing substrates are laminated via an aqueous medium and then sealing, and an aqueous medium is injected into the gaps between the substrates after sealing the outer periphery of the substrates and sealing is performed.
- the temperature for forming the seal can be set to 100 ° C. or higher, so that a wide range of sealants can be selected and good sealing can be easily obtained.
- solder that also adheres to glass (for example, Cerasolzer by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.).
- solder for example, Cerasolzer by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.
- the coating film of the polysaccharide derivative is periodically applied or removed in the form of a strip or the like, and the concave portion is degassed in an aqueous medium or the like (for example, pure water at 80 ° C). Filling and stacking, and draining the excess aqueous medium from the strip groove
- an aqueous solution of the target composition can be laminated without using a spacer.
- the film may be used after being subjected to processing such as strip grooves, waving, and punching.c
- the heated aqueous medium not only has the advantage of being degassed, but also has a high temperature at high temperatures. Since it has the advantage of being difficult to dissolve in diffusion and of being able to reliably discharge an excess aqueous medium during lamination, it is useful for preparing an isotropic aqueous solution having a desired concentration.
- hydroxypyl cellulose which is considered to be the most suitable as the polysaccharide derivative, is used, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- hydroxypropyl cellulose 62.4% of hydroxypropyl group, viscosity of 2% aqueous solution 8.5 cps, average molecular weight of about 60,000
- 2-hydroxypropyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3 A colorless and transparent isotropic solution was prepared at 20 ° C, comprising 20 parts by weight of pandiol (average molecular weight: 400), 6 parts by weight of sodium chloride, and 200 parts by weight of pure water.
- This isotropic aqueous solution was provided in a thickness of 0.2 t between soda-lime glass having a size of 6 cm and a thickness of 3 mm, and sealed to form a laminate.
- This laminate was good without any phase separation in both the reversible repetition test at room temperature and 60 ° C and the free-standing test at 60 ° C for 48 hours.
- the laminate was placed in a constant-temperature bath from a black-and-white striped pattern with a pitch of 2 a.m., and the light was illuminated from above and visually observed.
- the white turbidity started to change from 34 ° C.
- it became strongly opaque and light-shielded, making it impossible to see through at all.
- a colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution was prepared at 20 ° C using polypropylene glycol (average molecular weight: 400) instead of polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2, hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol of Example 1. did.
- a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and its stability and change in white turbidity were evaluated. As a result, no phase separation was found to be favorable, and white turbidity started at 36 ° C. It was recognized that it became opaque and light-shielded and could not be seen at all.
- a colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution was prepared at 20 ° C using diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (molecular weight: 162) in place of the polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol of Example 1. did.
- a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and its stability and change in white turbidity were evaluated. As a result, no phase separation was observed and the white turbidity was good at 34. However, it was recognized that she could not see through at all.
- diisopropyl glycol monomethyl ether (molecular weight 148) was used instead of a colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution at 20 ° C.
- a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and its stability and change in white turbidity were evaluated. As a result, no phase separation was found to be favorable, and white turbidity started at 36 ° C and became strongly cloudy at 43 ° C. It was recognized that the light was shielded and the image could not be seen at all.
- Example 5 A colorless, transparent, isotropic aqueous solution was prepared at 20 ° C by using polyoxypropylene glycerin (average molecular weight: 600) instead of the polyoxypropylene 2 -ethyl-2, hydroxymethyl 1,3 -propanediol of Example 1. .
- a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and its stability and change in white turbidity were evaluated. As a result, no phase separation was found to be favorable, and white turbidity started at 37 ° C and became strongly opaque at 44 ° C. However, it was recognized that she could not see through at all.
- a colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution was prepared at 20 ° C. by using sodium lauryl sulfate instead of the polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol of Example 1.
- a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and its stability and change in white turbidity were evaluated. As a result, no phase separation was observed and the white turbidity was good at 32 ° C. However, it was recognized that she could not see through at all.
- Example 1 100 parts by weight of the same hydroxypropylcellulose as used in Example 1 and a 50:50 weight ratio of poly (oxyethylene-l-oxypropylene) glycol / monobutyletherpolyoxypropyleneglycerin (average molecular weight 2300)
- a colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution at 20 ° C was prepared, comprising 20 parts by weight and 200 parts by weight of pure water.
- a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and its stability and change in white turbidity were evaluated. As a result, no phase separation was found to be favorable, and white turbidity started at 47 ° C and became strongly cloudy at 57 ° C. However, it was recognized that the patient could not see through at all.
- Aqueous medium composed of pure water (2 parts by weight, 200 parts by weight), water composed of polypropylene 2-ethyl-2-, hydroxymethyl-1,3—pronondiol / pure water (5 parts by weight, 200 parts by weight)
- Medium B
- polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-1 -hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol / pure water 200 parts by weight 200 parts by weight
- Medium C
- polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2- Hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol A colorless and transparent isotropic aqueous solution at 20 ° C was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using each of aqueous media (D
- Example 1 the amounts of sodium chloride added were 0 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight, and 10 parts by weight, respectively, to prepare an isotropic aqueous solution.
- a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the stability and the change in white turbidity were evaluated.
- the amount of addition was 10 parts by weight, the solution strongly aggregated and showed phase separation. However, in other cases, there was no phase separation and the condition was good.
- the cloudiness started at 49 ° C, and at 55 ° C, the cloudy light was blocked, making it impossible to see through at all.
- polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-12-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol / sodium chloride / pure water (20 parts by weight 3 parts by weight 100 parts by weight (A), water containing polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroquinone-1,3-propanediol Z sodium chloride pure water (50 parts by weight 3 parts by weight 100 parts by weight)
- a water medium (C) comprising a medium (B), polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-3-propanediol / sodium chloride pure water (200 parts / 2.4 parts / 80 parts by weight) and Polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-1 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol / sodium chloride pure water (200 parts by weight 1.5 parts by weight Z50 parts by weight) Re with each, in the same manner as in Example 1, and the isotropic aqueous solution was prepared.
- hydroxypropyl cellulose 62.6% of hydroxypropyl group, 2% viscosity of aqueous solution 5.4 cps. Average molecular weight of about 40,000
- polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1 polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1
- Aqueous medium (A) consisting of 3 — propanediol sodium chloride Z pure water (200 parts by weight, 1.5 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight), polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-12-hydroxymethyl-1,3—prono.
- Aqueous medium (B) consisting of diol Z sodium chloride pure water (1,200 parts by weight / ⁇ 2 parts by weight, 400 parts by weight), polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2 -hydroxymethyl-3 -prono.
- Aqueous medium consisting of pure sodium zirconium chloride Z pure water 800 parts by weight Z 5 parts by weight 100 parts by weight
- (C) an aqueous medium composed of polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediolnochloride pure water (1,500 parts by weight Z 9 parts by weight 300 parts by weight)
- (D) polyoxypropylene Aqueous medium consisting of 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl 1,3-propanediol sodium chloride / pure water (800 parts by weight 6 parts by weight Z 300 parts by weight); polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl Aqueous medium consisting of 1,3-propanediol sodium chloride pure water (800 parts by weight Z 9 parts by weight 300 parts by weight)
- aqueous medium (G) comprising polyoxypropylene Pyrene 2-ethyl-2, hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol Z sodium chloride / pure water (200 parts / 2 parts 100 parts by weight)
- Aqueous medium (H) consisting of polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2, hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol Z sodium chloride Z pure water (300 parts by weight 2 parts by weight 100 parts by weight)
- An aqueous medium (J) consisting of (I) and polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol sodium chloride pure water (300 parts by weight, 3 parts by weight, and 100 parts by weight) was used.
- An isotropic aqueous solution was prepared in the same manner as (1).
- a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the stability and the change in opacity were evaluated.
- the product was colorless and transparent at room temperature. However, when the temperature was raised to 65 ° C, the cloudiness changed, and even when the temperature was further increased to 80 ° C, the increase in light-shielding properties was small, and it did not occur until the strong cloudy light was shielded. Changes to white turbidity at 27 ° C In (C), the opacity changed from 41 ° C and the light-shielding property increased when the temperature was further increased, but even at 80 ° C, the opacity was not severe.
- the cloudiness temperature range can be freely set by changing the composition of the aqueous medium and the concentration of the polysaccharide derivative. Also, when the proportion of the amphiphile is relatively large, the turbidity due to the temperature change is increased. It can be seen from the comparison with Example 1 that the rate of change becomes smaller. Further, in all the laminates, the isotropic aqueous solution was colorless and excellent without phase separation, and did not freeze even at 120 ° C.
- Polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol / sec-butyl alcohol Z pure water (10 parts by weight Z 50 parts by weight 200 parts by weight) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydroxypropyl cellulose of Example 11
- Aqueous medium (A) consisting of polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2, hydroxymethyl-1,3-pronondiol / sec-butyl alcohol pure water (20 parts by weight / 100 parts by weight 100 parts by weight)
- aqueous medium (B) polyoxypropylene 2 - Echiru 2 - arsenide Dorokishimechiru 1, 3 - propanediol / sec-butyl alcohol / / isocyanatomethyl Li ⁇ beam Z pure chloride (20 parts by weight Z 4 parts by weight Z 4.
- Aqueous medium (C) consisting of 1 part by weight of Z (160 parts by weight), and polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2, hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol sec-butyl alcohol
- an aqueous medium (D) consisting of sodium zirconium Z pure water (20 parts by weight 150 parts by weight 1.5 parts by weight 50 parts by weight)
- an isotropic aqueous solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a laminate was prepared using these aqueous solutions in the same manner as in Example 1, and the stability and the change in cloudiness were evaluated.
- (A) the cloudiness change occurred from 31 ° C, and the cloudiness changed strongly at 36 ° C.
- Example 11 Aqueous medium (A) consisting of 100 parts by weight of hydroxypropylcellulose of 1 with amide 5 CZ pure water (20 parts by weight, Z 200 parts by weight) from Kawaken Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 100 parts by weight of the same hydroxypropylcellulose used in Example 1, 20 parts by weight of polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 50 parts by weight of propylene glycol, and sodium chloride A 10% by weight of pure water and 200 parts by weight of pure water were prepared.
- a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and the stability and the change in white turbidity were evaluated. As a result, no phase separation was observed, and the white turbidity started at 33 ° C. Strong cloudiness at ° C It was observed that it glowed and could not be seen through at all. This laminate does not freeze even when the aqueous solution is at ⁇ 20 ° C., and is suitable for vehicles.
- hydroxypropyl cellulose (61.6% of a hydroxypropyl group, 2% aqueous solution, viscosity 2.5 cps, average molecular weight of about 20,000)
- A hydroxypropyl cellulose
- B hydroxypropyl cellulose
- Two types of aqueous solutions were prepared. Further, a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and the stability and the change in cloudiness were evaluated. In (A), no phase separation was observed, and the film was good.
- Example 2 As a comparative example, the isotropic aqueous solution containing no polyoxypropylene 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxy-prono or diol as an amphipathic substance in Example 1 and further containing sodium chloride. No two isotropic aqueous solutions were prepared. Further, a laminate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the stability and the change in white turbidity were evaluated.In each case, the water was phase-separated and the reversible change could not be obtained, and sedimentation occurred when standing upright. Was. Thus, it can be seen that the presence of the amphiphile is very important for reversible stability.
- Example 1 Apply the aqueous solution of Example 1 without bubbles in a 30 cm square, 3 thigh soda It was evenly applied to a 1 mm-thick glass substrate with an applicator.
- the substrate was cooled to 0 (water vapor pressure of about 4.6 wakes) and then reduced to 8 gigahertz Hg.
- a substrate of the same size with fine water droplets uniformly attached by condensation from above was placed on the side. The surface was gradually brought into contact with each other, and then brought into close contact with the entire surface.
- a 25-thigh-width aluminum tape coated with a sealing agent (containing 100 parts by weight of Toray Recoal Corp. as FLEP 60 and 28 parts by weight of Daito Sangyo Co., Ltd. as a hardener) was applied.
- Example 1 To 100 parts by weight of the hydroxypropylcellulose of Example 1, 500 parts by weight of a 1% by weight aqueous sodium chloride solution was added, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred and mixed to obtain a uniform aqueous solution. Two liters of this aqueous solution was placed in a container having an inner diameter of 10 cm. After decomposing under reduced pressure, the mixture was defoamed. Thereafter, the mixture was allowed to settle in an atmosphere of 70 ° C. for 12 hours to be separated into a cloudy aggregated layer and a water layer. The water was removed, and the temperature was returned to room temperature to obtain a high-concentration aqueous solution without bubbles.
- This high-concentration aqueous solution and a 50% by weight aqueous solution of polypropylene glycol are uniformly mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1 with a static mixer having 24 elements and no bubbles. It was an isotropic aqueous solution. Thereafter, the same treatment as in Example 17 was performed to obtain a good laminate.
- Example 2 200 parts by weight of pure water was further added to the same aqueous solution obtained in Example 1 to obtain a low-viscosity aqueous solution.
- This aqueous solution is coated with silica
- a 30cm square, 6 cm thick soda lime glass substrate was coated with apricot all day long to suppress the dissolution of sodium, and then sprayed with 0.3 cm diameter resin beads and dried. It was coated as a 1-strand solid film.
- the coated substrate was immersed in pure water at 80 ° C., which was purged with nitrogen. Further, the same glass substrate as the opposite substrate was laminated and pressed. The outer periphery of the laminate was temporarily sealed with a copper tape with an adhesive, and the outer periphery was sufficiently washed. Thereafter, a U-shaped aluminum frame provided with the same sealing agent as used in Example 16 was fixed to the outer periphery and sealed. Thereafter, this was left to obtain a colorless and transparent bubble-free laminate without haze.
- a substrate having the same size as that of the above was used, and a thin glass having a thickness of 0.3 thigh and a width of 10 thighs was used as a spacer, and laminated through the same sealant as used in Example 12.
- the sealant was heated and cured at 120 ° C. with two diagonal ends opened as injection holes. Thereafter, the end was immersed in the same aqueous medium used in Example 1 which had been degassed under reduced pressure, and was sucked up from the other end to fill the inside of the laminate.
- sealing was performed at room temperature using a corner cap through the same sealing agent as used in Example 16. Thereafter, this was left to obtain a colorless and transparent bubble-free laminate without haze.
- aqueous solution consisting of 100 parts by weight of the same hydroxypropylcellulose as used in Example 1, 10 parts by weight of dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (molecular weight 148) and 500 parts by weight of pure water was cast. A lmm thick film was made. Dipropylene glycol monomethyl The luster was dropped on a 30 cm square soda lime glass substrate with a thickness of 3 mm, and a film of the same size as the substrate was adhered to the soda lip with this solution. Next, the substrate provided with the film is immersed in a 70 ° C. aqueous solution containing 3 parts by weight of sodium chloride and 100 parts by weight of pure water, and the aqueous solution is passed through a 0.2 thigh spacer. Substrates of the same size were stacked inside, pulled out, sealed, and left at room temperature. As a result, a good laminate without bubbles was obtained. Industrial applications
- the present invention is an isotropic aqueous solution in which a dissolved polysaccharide derivative is aggregated by an increase in temperature to cause cloudy scattering, and can stably maintain a uniform state even in a cloudy state.
- a laminate including an aqueous solution capable of stably and reversibly changing between a transparent state and a transparent state. Since this laminated body autonomously responds to environmental changes, if it is applied to a window, when the window is heated by the direct rays of the sun, the irradiated part selectively changes from a transparent state to a cloudy state. And direct rays are blocked.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Special Wing (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT94907705T ATE208707T1 (de) | 1993-03-01 | 1994-02-28 | Autonom reagierendes laminat, methode zu dessen herstellung und fenster mit einem solchen laminat |
KR1019940703868A KR100310727B1 (ko) | 1993-03-01 | 1994-02-28 | 자율-응답적층제,그제조방법및이를사용한창 |
US08/325,385 US5615040A (en) | 1993-03-01 | 1994-02-28 | Self-responding laminated bodies, their production process and windows using the same |
EP94907705A EP0639450B1 (en) | 1993-03-01 | 1994-02-28 | Autonomously responsive laminate, method of manufacturing the same and window using the same laminate |
DE69429042T DE69429042T2 (de) | 1993-03-01 | 1994-02-28 | Autonom reagierendes laminat, methode zu dessen herstellung und fenster mit einem solchen laminat |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP5/62502 | 1993-03-01 | ||
JP5062502A JPH06255016A (ja) | 1993-03-01 | 1993-03-01 | 自律応答積層体と製法及びそれを使用した窓 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1994020294A1 true WO1994020294A1 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
Family
ID=13202015
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1994/000325 WO1994020294A1 (en) | 1993-03-01 | 1994-02-28 | Autonomously responsive laminate, method of manufacturing the same and window using the same laminate |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5615040A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0639450B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPH06255016A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100310727B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1046232C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE208707T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69429042T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2162860T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1994020294A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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JP2006056224A (ja) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-03-02 | Affinity Kk | 発熱導電膜をもった積層体 |
US7033655B2 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2006-04-25 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Laminated glazing and means for its peripheral sealing |
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DE19521494A1 (de) * | 1995-06-13 | 1996-12-19 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Vorrichtung zur regelbaren Einstellung der Strahlungsmission transparenter Medien |
US6001487A (en) * | 1996-10-17 | 1999-12-14 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage | Glazing assembly having a thermally, electrically and/or electrochemically active system |
JPH10154824A (ja) * | 1996-11-21 | 1998-06-09 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | 光電変換装置 |
US6020989A (en) * | 1997-05-14 | 2000-02-01 | Affinity Co., Ltd. | Laminated bodies and windows using them |
JPH1124054A (ja) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-01-29 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | コレステリック液晶表示素子 |
JPH1124111A (ja) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-01-29 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | 遮光素子および遮光方法 |
FR2782810B1 (fr) * | 1998-08-31 | 2003-05-30 | Armines Ass Pour La Rech Et Le | Vitrage a pouvoir absorbant variable |
US6084702A (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-07-04 | Pleotint, L.L.C. | Thermochromic devices |
KR100687321B1 (ko) * | 1999-06-25 | 2007-02-27 | 비오이 하이디스 테크놀로지 주식회사 | 액정 표시 장치 |
BE1013332A3 (fr) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-12-04 | Glaverbel | Panneau vitre. |
US6362303B1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2002-03-26 | Pleotint, L.L.C. | Thermoscattering materials and devices |
ATE386788T1 (de) * | 2003-05-22 | 2008-03-15 | Affinity Co Ltd | Selbst lichtabsorbtion regulierendes laminat und fenster mit demselben |
US6831712B1 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2004-12-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal display comprising an ultraviolet blocking layer and methods for making the same |
CN100434491C (zh) * | 2004-10-11 | 2008-11-19 | 同济大学 | 一种温致透光率可逆变化材料及其制备方法 |
CN102976637B (zh) * | 2006-05-12 | 2016-03-30 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | 夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃 |
CN100567388C (zh) * | 2006-12-12 | 2009-12-09 | 同济大学 | 一种常温下为固态的温致透光率可逆变材料 |
US9782949B2 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2017-10-10 | Corning Incorporated | Glass laminated articles and layered articles |
US20100244495A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Phase change material usage in window treatments |
US20110051231A1 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-03 | Kilolambda Technologies Ltd. | Light excited limiting window |
US9289079B2 (en) | 2009-11-05 | 2016-03-22 | Hussmann Corporation | Door for a refrigerated merchandiser |
KR101137373B1 (ko) * | 2010-01-07 | 2012-04-20 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 스마트 창호 |
CN101968593B (zh) * | 2010-09-07 | 2013-01-16 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 一种碳纳米管-聚氨酯复合调光薄膜及其制备方法 |
WO2012118485A1 (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2012-09-07 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Temperature controlled variable reflectivity coatings |
WO2017175682A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-10-12 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ガラス板構成体 |
CN106150321A (zh) * | 2016-08-14 | 2016-11-23 | 广西大学 | 一种可调挡光窗户 |
CN108572468A (zh) * | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-25 | 深圳大学 | 一种智能强激光防护镜 |
US11028319B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2021-06-08 | E Ink Corporation | Passive thermally driven variable opacity materials |
CN109372388B (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2023-09-22 | 北方工业大学 | 一种吸收式光热独立自动调节透光结构、玻璃幕墙及外墙窗 |
US20230243555A1 (en) * | 2022-01-31 | 2023-08-03 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Passive thermal regulation system and devices thereof |
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JPS621987B2 (ja) * | 1983-11-21 | 1987-01-17 | Kogyo Gijutsuin |
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GB1145060A (en) * | 1965-07-31 | 1969-03-12 | Tillo Faulhaber | Multi-glazed unit for buildings, vehicles and the like |
DE2331414A1 (de) * | 1972-06-23 | 1974-01-17 | Gen Electric | Glasschichtstrukturen und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
US4132464A (en) * | 1976-02-06 | 1979-01-02 | Hideki Ishii | Liquid crystal device |
JPS52134456A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1977-11-10 | Ishii Hideki | Heatttoooptical converter |
GB1604388A (en) * | 1977-08-03 | 1981-12-09 | Bfg Glassgroup | Fire screening panels |
JPS553953A (en) * | 1978-06-27 | 1980-01-12 | Ishii Hideki | Laminated body |
JPS61179535A (ja) * | 1985-01-30 | 1986-08-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | パターン形成方法 |
DE3506133A1 (de) * | 1985-02-22 | 1986-08-28 | Flachglas AG, 8510 Fürth | Brandschutzfuellung fuer glasbauelemente aus wasser und zumindest einem cellulose-derivat |
-
1993
- 1993-03-01 JP JP5062502A patent/JPH06255016A/ja active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-02-28 CN CN94190152A patent/CN1046232C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-02-28 US US08/325,385 patent/US5615040A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-28 KR KR1019940703868A patent/KR100310727B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-28 AT AT94907705T patent/ATE208707T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-28 EP EP94907705A patent/EP0639450B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-28 WO PCT/JP1994/000325 patent/WO1994020294A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1994-02-28 DE DE69429042T patent/DE69429042T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-02-28 ES ES94907705T patent/ES2162860T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS621987B2 (ja) * | 1983-11-21 | 1987-01-17 | Kogyo Gijutsuin |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7033655B2 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2006-04-25 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Laminated glazing and means for its peripheral sealing |
JP2006056224A (ja) * | 2004-08-18 | 2006-03-02 | Affinity Kk | 発熱導電膜をもった積層体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2162860T3 (es) | 2002-01-16 |
CN1106609A (zh) | 1995-08-09 |
DE69429042D1 (de) | 2001-12-20 |
CN1046232C (zh) | 1999-11-10 |
EP0639450B1 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
DE69429042T2 (de) | 2002-06-06 |
EP0639450A4 (en) | 1995-12-27 |
JPH06255016A (ja) | 1994-09-13 |
KR100310727B1 (ko) | 2002-10-04 |
ATE208707T1 (de) | 2001-11-15 |
US5615040A (en) | 1997-03-25 |
EP0639450A1 (en) | 1995-02-22 |
KR950701278A (ko) | 1995-03-23 |
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