US20070248481A1 - Adjustable rotary pump with reduced wear - Google Patents
Adjustable rotary pump with reduced wear Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20070248481A1 US20070248481A1 US11/737,397 US73739707A US2007248481A1 US 20070248481 A1 US20070248481 A1 US 20070248481A1 US 73739707 A US73739707 A US 73739707A US 2007248481 A1 US2007248481 A1 US 2007248481A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sliding
- actuating member
- rotary pump
- pump according
- track
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C14/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations
- F04C14/18—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber
- F04C14/185—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber by varying the useful pumping length of the cooperating members in the axial direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
- F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
- F04C2/12—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
- F04C2/14—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
- F04C2/18—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with similar tooth forms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2230/00—Manufacture
- F04C2230/90—Improving properties of machine parts
- F04C2230/91—Coating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/90—Alloys not otherwise provided for
- F05C2201/903—Aluminium alloy, e.g. AlCuMgPb F34,37
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
- F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
- F05C2203/0865—Oxide ceramics
- F05C2203/0869—Aluminium oxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
- F05C2225/04—PTFE [PolyTetraFluorEthylene]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
- F05C2225/06—Polyamides, e.g. NYLON
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
- F05C2225/12—Polyetheretherketones, e.g. PEEK
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/10—Hardness
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/14—Self lubricating materials; Solid lubricants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
- Y10T29/49236—Fluid pump or compressor making
- Y10T29/49242—Screw or gear type, e.g., Moineau type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rotary pump having an adjustable, preferably variable, delivery volume, and a method for manufacturing it.
- the rotary pump can in particular be used as a lube oil pump for supplying lube oil to an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle engine.
- Lube oil pumps in motor vehicles are driven in accordance with the rotational speed of the engine which is to be supplied with the lube oil, usually directly or via a mechanical gearing of the engine.
- the rotational speed of the pump correspondingly increases with the rotational speed of the engine. Since rotary pumps have a constant specific delivery volume, i.e. they deliver substantially the same amount of fluid per revolution at any rotational speed, the delivery volume increases in proportion to the rotational speed of the pump.
- the engine's requirement also increases roughly in proportion to the rotational speed of the engine, up to a certain limiting rotational speed, beyond which however it deviates or at least levels out, such that when the limiting rotational speed is exceeded, the rotary pump delivers beyond the requirement.
- Adjustable rotary pumps have been developed in order to not have to direct the excess delivered amount into a reservoir, which incurs losses.
- Examples of adjustable rotary pumps include the internal-axle and external-axle toothed wheel pumps known from DE 102 22 131 B4.
- Adjustable vane pumps are also known. These pumps each comprise an actuating member which can be moved back and forth.
- the delivery rotor is either a toothed wheel or a vane.
- the movement of the adjusting member adjusts the eccentricity between two mutually mating toothed wheels or the eccentricity between the vane and the actuating member in accordance with the requirement of the consumer.
- external-axle toothed wheel pumps the axial engagement length of two toothed wheels is adjusted.
- the respective actuating member is charged with an actuating force, for example charged directly with the high-pressure fluid.
- the actuating force is counteracted by a spring member.
- pumps of the type cited which are increasingly manufactured from light metal alloys, in particular aluminum alloys
- the surfaces of the pump casing and of the actuating member which are in frictional contact are surprisingly subject to particular wear and determine the service life of the pump.
- An exemplary embodiment of the invention is based on a displacement-type rotary pump which comprises a casing including a delivery chamber, a delivery rotor which can be rotated in the delivery chamber about a rotational axis, and at least one actuating member which can be moved back and forth in the casing.
- the actuating member can surround the delivery rotor or preferably can be arranged on, i.e. facing, a front face of the delivery rotor.
- An actuating member which surrounds the delivery rotor can in particular be provided in internal-axle pumps, for example toothed ring pumps and vane pumps, and can be formed as a rotationally mounted eccentric ring such as is known from DE 102 22 131 B4 or EP 0 846 861 B1, or as a lifting ring.
- an actuating member such as is known from external toothed wheel pumps, for example from DE 102 22 131 B4, is arranged on or facing a front face of the delivery rotor and axially seals the delivery chamber on the relevant front face.
- Such an actuating member forms an actuating piston which can be axially moved back and forth along the rotational axis of the feed wheel.
- the delivery chamber comprises a low-pressure side and a high-pressure side. At least one inlet is arranged on the low-pressure side, and at least one outlet for a fluid to be delivered is arranged on the high-pressure side.
- the low-pressure side of the delivery chamber and the entire upstream portion of the system in which the pump is installed form the low-pressure side of the pump.
- the high-pressure side of the delivery chamber and the entire subsequent downstream portion of the system form the high-pressure side of the pump.
- the low-pressure side extends as far as a reservoir for the fluid
- the high-pressure side extends at least as far as the most downstream point of consumption requiring a high fluid pressure.
- the actuating member can be charged with an actuating force in the direction of its mobility, said force being dependent on the pressure of the fluid on the high-pressure side of the pump or on another variable of the system which is decisive for the requirement.
- the pressure can be taken directly at the outlet of the delivery chamber or at a downstream pump outlet or can be taken from a point further downstream in the system, for example from the final point of consumption.
- the temperature of the fluid or of a component in the system in which the pump is installed for example a temperature of the engine, can for example feature in forming the actuating force.
- Other physical variables for determining the actuating force are adduced as applicable.
- the actuating force can be generated by means of an additional actuating member, for example an electric motor. More preferably, however, the actuating member can be directly charged with the pressure of the fluid, i.e. during operation of the pump, it is charged with the pressurized fluid. In preferred embodiments, in particular in embodiments in which it is charged with the pressurized fluid, the actuating member is charged with an elasticity force which counteracts the actuating force.
- the elasticity force is generated by an elasticity member, preferably a mechanical spring.
- the actuating member is in sliding contact with the casing, since the casing forms a track and the actuating member forms an actuating member sliding surface, and the actuating member is guided in the sliding contact by the track by means of its sliding surface.
- the actuating member can also additionally be guided in other ways, for example in a pivoting joint, however it is more preferably guided by the track only.
- the actuating member sliding surface and/or the track is/are formed from a sliding material.
- the sliding material can in particular be a plastic, a ceramic material, a nitride, a nickel-phosphorus compound, a sliding varnish, namely a lubricating varnish or solid film lubricant, a DLC coating, a Ferroprint coating or a nano-coating.
- the sliding material can form a surface coating. If the sliding material is a plastic, the relevant component—i.e. a casing portion forming the track, or the actuating member—can consist exclusively or at least substantially of the sliding material.
- both the actuating member sliding surface and the track consist of a sliding material, either each of the same sliding material or each of a different sliding material.
- wear is also reduced even if only the actuating member sliding surface or only the track consists of the sliding material, wherein using the sliding material for the actuating member sliding surface is preferred.
- Adhesion can in particular be the frictional mechanism which determines wear when the friction partners which are in sliding contact are so smooth that the frictional mechanism takes a back seat to furrowing or abrasion.
- actuating members arranged facing the front faces of the delivery rotor which can be axially moved, i.e. the two actuating pistons, are subject to considerable oscillating frictional wear. The adjusting movements required for setting the delivery volume are too slow to be causing the oscillating frictional wear.
- the adjusting movements are superimposed with oscillations having short strokes as compared to the varying movements and a substantially higher frequency. This therefore causes adhesion between the sliding surfaces of the actuating members and the track of the pump casing, resulting locally in material welding, which breaks away due to the adjusting movements.
- the sliding partners i.e. the sliding surface of the one or more actuating members and the one or more tracks of the casing—are configured such that the adhesion tendency in the friction system is significantly reduced as compared to the surfaces made of aluminum alloys which are usual for the sliding partners.
- the sliding material is advantageously chosen to exhibit an adhesion energy or free surface energy which is at most half the adhesion energy of pure aluminum.
- Heat-resistant thermoplasts are one group of materials which are particularly suitable as the sliding material.
- the one or—as applicable—more polymers of the plastic sliding material are advantageously modified to lubrication, i.e. the plastic contains a sliding additive which improves its sliding properties.
- Such a sliding material is also highly suitable in cases in which only one of the sliding partners of the friction system consists of a sliding material.
- a preferred sliding additive is graphite.
- a polymer from the group of fluoropolymers may above all be considered as a sliding additive.
- a preferred example from this group is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- both graphite and at least one fluoropolymer, preferably PTFE are added to the polymer, copolymer, polymer mixture or polymer blend, as sliding additives.
- the proportion of the sliding additive should be at least 10% by weight in total; preferably, the proportion of the sliding additive is 20 ⁇ 5% by weight in total. If different materials form the sliding additive, the individual proportions should be at least substantially the same.
- Plastic sliding materials containing 10 ⁇ 2% by weight of graphite and 10 ⁇ 2% by weight of fluoropolymer are for instance preferred. Adding fibrous material is also regarded as being advantageous, wherein carbon fibers are preferred as the fibrous material. Glass fibers should not be added, since they can form fine needle points on the surface of the sliding layer formed from the sliding material and therefore impair its sliding properties.
- the plastic sliding material preferably contains 10 ⁇ 5% by weight, more preferably 10 ⁇ 3% by weight of fibrous material.
- Plastics which are preferred as the sliding material contain 70 ⁇ 10% by weight of polymer material. Although polymer mixtures or polymer blends may in principle be considered as the base material, the plastic sliding material preferably contains only one type of polymer. Polymers, with their long hydrocarbon chains, have a very low density of free electrons and also correspondingly few free spaces for free electrons of the sliding partner. Amorphous polymers, with their convoluted chains of molecules, are particularly advantageous in this regard. The degree of crystallinity of the polymer material should be as low as possible. Conversely, the polymer material should not have any practically significant entropy elasticity. The minimum working temperature should be around ⁇ 40° C., preferably below this. The permanent working temperature should be at least +150° C.
- the plastic sliding material should also be resistant to fuel. Resistance to the fluid delivered should be a general requirement. It is also advantageous if the sliding material also has the ability to embed or absorb hard particles which can be created by furrowing, i.e. attrition.
- Preferred polymer materials are:
- the actuating member is formed from the plastic sliding material, preferably by injection molding. In such embodiments, it preferably consists of the plastic. In principle, however, inserts can be embedded in the plastic; in this sense, the actuating member at least substantially consists of the plastic sliding material.
- a casing portion which forms the track can also formed from the plastic sliding material, preferably by injection molding and from the plastic alone or at least substantially from the plastic, in the above sense.
- the casing is formed from a metal, preferably light metal, and the track is formed by an insert, preferably a bushing, consisting of the plastic sliding material.
- the actuating member and a casing portion which forms the track, in particular an insert can also each be formed from the plastic sliding material.
- the actuating member consists at least substantially of the plastic sliding material, while the track is formed only as a surface coating by a plastic sliding material or, as applicable, another sliding material, or is formed as a non-coated metal surface.
- At least one of the sliding surfaces which are in sliding contact is formed by a thin sliding layer.
- the actuating member and/or the casing portion forming the track consists or consists of another material below the superficial sliding layer, i.e. a substrate material.
- the substrate material can in particular be a metal, preferably a light metal.
- Prospective light metals are above all aluminum, aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys.
- both sliding surfaces are preferably formed as superficial sliding layers, each from a sliding material which has a significantly lower adhesion energy than aluminum or magnesium. If only one of the sliding surfaces of the two sliding partners consists of the sliding material, it is preferably the sliding surface of the actuating member.
- a combination of a first and second embodiment is also advantageous, wherein the actuating member or the casing portion forming the track, preferably an insert, at least substantially consists of plastic and the other part comprises a surface layer made of the sliding material, for example also made of plastic or made of a ceramic material.
- the superficial sliding layer can be formed by applying the sliding material or by modifying the substrate material.
- Plastic sliding material is applied; preferably, the plastic is injection-molded around the blank formed from the substrate material.
- the plastic sliding material should exhibit a longitudinal thermal expansion which comes as close as possible to the longitudinal expansion of the substrate material.
- Modifying light-metal substrate materials by contrast, creates a metal-oxide ceramic sliding layer or a nitride layer.
- the substrate material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy
- the sliding layer is preferably obtained by anodisation.
- Anodisation can in particular form a so-called Hardcoat® sliding layer or more preferably a so-called Hardcoat® smooth sliding layer.
- Hardcoat® smooth electrolytes consist of a mixture of oxalic acid and additives.
- Sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4
- Hardcoat® layers Anodic oxidation methods for forming a metal-ceramic sliding layer comparable to Al 2 O 3 sliding layers are also known for magnesium and magnesium alloys as the substrate material, for example the so-called DOW method.
- PTFE is preferably dispersed in the ceramic sliding layer; the ceramic is impregnated with PTFE, so to speak.
- the casing or also only a casing portion forming the track can in particular be formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the casing or the relevant casing portion is preferably cast.
- the aluminum alloy is therefore preferably a cast aluminum alloy.
- the actuating member does not at least substantially consist of plastic sliding material, it is preferably formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy, preferably a cast alloy, preferably by casting and then extruding or by sintering and calibrating. It holds for both the casing portion and the actuating member that the respective aluminum alloy preferably contains 10 ⁇ 2% by weight of silicon.
- the respective alloy also preferably contains copper, though at a proportion of at most 4% by weight, preferably at most 3% by weight. It can furthermore contain a smaller proportion of iron.
- the casing portion and preferably other portions of the casing, is or are preferably formed by sand casting or die casting, wherein die casting is primarily appropriate for larger-volume runs and sand casting is primarily appropriate for smaller-volume runs. Chill casting can also be used instead of sand casting.
- a particularly preferred alloy for the casing portion and also for the casing as a whole is AlSi8Cu3 if it is formed by sand casting or chill casting, and AlSi9Cu3 plus a small proportion of iron if it is formed by die casting.
- Nitrides which are preferred as the sliding material are titanium carbon nitride (TiCN) and in particular nitrided steel.
- TiCN is used as a surface coating on a light-metal substrate material. If nitrided steel forms the sliding material, the corresponding steel is preferably the substrate material.
- the actuating member can in particular be formed from the steel and the actuating member sliding surface can consist of the nitrided steel.
- a particularly preferred tribological pairing is Hardcoat® ceramic or Hardcoat® smooth ceramic for one sliding partner and nitrided steel for the other sliding partner.
- the ceramic sliding material of this pairing can contain PTFE, however low wear is also achieved when using the ceramic only.
- a tribological pairing of Hardcoat® ceramic or Hardcoat® smooth ceramic with sintered tin bronze is also an alternative, although only a conditionally preferred alternative with regard to its thermal expansion.
- a DLC sliding coating can in particular be produced by plasma-coating.
- Sliding varnishes are also suitable sliding materials, wherein it also holds for sliding varnishes that, while wear is reduced even if only one of the sliding partners is coated, a sliding varnish coating on both sliding partners of the friction system is however preferred.
- a combination of a sliding varnish for one sliding partner and a plastic material for the other sliding partner is also an advantageous solution.
- the sliding varnish consists of an organic or inorganic binder, one or more solid lubricants and additives. MoS 2 , graphite or PTFE, individually or in combination, may in particular be considered as the solid lubricant.
- the surface to be coated is pre-treated, expediently by forming a phosphate layer on the surface to be coated.
- One particular sliding varnish is Ferroprint, which contains fine steel tips as the solid lubricant.
- nano-phosphorus compounds can in particular form the sliding layer.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a delivery chamber of an external toothed wheel pump comprising two delivery rotors in toothed engagement;
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the external toothed wheel pump.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of an external toothed wheel pump.
- a delivery chamber is formed in which two externally toothed delivery rotors 1 and 2 in the form of externally toothed wheels are mounted such that they can rotate about parallel rotational axes R 1 and R 2 .
- the delivery rotor 1 is rotary driven, for example by the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
- the delivery rotors 1 and 2 are in toothed engagement with each other, such that when the delivery rotor 1 is rotary driven, the delivery rotor 2 mating with it is also rotationally driven.
- An inlet 4 feeds into the delivery chamber on a low-pressure side, and an outlet 5 on a high-pressure side, for a fluid to be delivered, preferably lube oil for an internal combustion engine.
- the casing portion 3 forms a radial sealing surface 9 which faces each of the delivery rotors 1 and 2 in the radial direction and encloses the respective delivery rotor 1 or 2 circumferentially, forming a narrow radial sealing gap.
- the casing 3 , 6 also forms an axial sealing surface on each front face of the delivery rotor 1 , axially facing it, of which the sealing surface 7 can be seen in FIG. 1 .
- Another axial sealing surface is formed axially facing each of the two front faces of the delivery rotor 2 , of which the sealing surface 17 can be seen in the cross-section in FIG. 1 .
- fluid is suctioned into the delivery chamber through the inlet 4 and, in the tooth gaps of the delivery rotors 1 and 2 , delivered through the respective enclosure to the high-pressure side of the delivery chamber, where it is delivered through the outlet 5 to the consumer—in the assumed example, the internal combustion engine.
- the high-pressure side is separated from the low-pressure side by the sealing gaps formed between the delivery rotors 1 and 2 and the sealing surfaces cited, and by the toothed engagement of the delivery rotors 1 and 2 .
- the delivery rate of the pump increases in proportion to the rotational speed of the delivery rotors 1 and 2 .
- the delivery rate of the pump is regulated above the limiting rotational speed.
- the delivery rotor 2 can be moved axially, i.e. along its rotational axis R 2 , back and forth relative to the delivery rotor 1 , such that the engagement length of the delivery rotors 1 and 2 , and correspondingly the delivery rate, can be changed.
- the delivery rotor 2 assumes an axial position exhibiting an axial overlap, i.e. an engagement length, which has already been reduced as compared to the maximum engagement length.
- the delivery rotor 2 is part of an adjusting unit consisting of a bearing journal 14 , an actuating member 15 , an actuating member 16 and the delivery rotor 2 which is mounted on the bearing journal 14 between the actuating members 15 and 16 such that it can rotate.
- the bearing journal 14 connects the actuating members 15 and 16 to each other, secure against rotation.
- the actuating member 16 forms the axial sealing surface 17 facing the delivery rotor 2 .
- the actuating member 15 forms the other axial sealing surface 18 .
- the entire adjusting unit is mounted, secured against rotation, in a shifting space of the pump casing 3 , 6 , such that it can shift axially back and forth.
- the casing is formed by the casing portion 3 and the casing cover 6 which is fixedly connected to it.
- the casing cover 6 is formed with a base, the front face of which facing the delivery rotor 1 forms the sealing surface 7 .
- the casing portion 3 forms the fourth axial sealing surface 8 which axially faces the delivery rotor 1 .
- the side of the sealing surface 8 facing the adjusting unit is provided with a circular segment-shaped cutaway for the actuating member 15 .
- the side of the actuating member 16 facing the delivery rotor 1 is provided with a circular segment-shaped cutaway for the base 6 forming the sealing surface 7 .
- the sealing surface 7 corresponds to the sealing surface 8
- the sealing surface 17 corresponds to the sealing surface 18 .
- the adjusting members 15 and 16 of the example embodiment are adjusting pistons.
- the shifting space in which the adjusting unit can be moved axially back and forth comprises a partial space 10 which is limited by the rear side of the actuating member 15 and a partial space 11 which is limited by the rear side of the actuating member 16 .
- the partial space 11 is connected to the high-pressure side of the pump and is constantly charged with pressurized fluid diverted there, thus acting on the rear side of the actuating member 16 .
- a mechanical pressure spring is arranged in the space 10 as an elasticity member 12 , the elasticity force of which acts on the rear side of the actuating member 15 .
- the elasticity member 12 counteracts the pressure force acting on the actuating member 16 in the partial space 11 .
- the regulation of such external toothed wheel pumps is known and does not therefore need to be explained.
- the regulation can in particular be configured in accordance with DE 102 22 131 B4.
- the sealing surfaces 7 , 8 , 17 and 18 are each provided with a relieving pocket on the high-pressure side.
- the pockets 7 a and 17 a can be seen in FIG. 1 .
- Relieving pockets are only formed on the high-pressure side.
- the casing portion 3 guides the actuating members 15 and 16 in a sliding contact.
- the casing portion 3 forms a track 3 a and the casing portion 3 together with the cover 6 forms a track 3 b , 6 b .
- the actuating members 15 and 16 each form an actuating member sliding surface 15 a and 16 a at their outer circumferential surface.
- the track 3 a and the actuating member sliding surface 15 a on the one hand, and the track 3 b , 6 b and the actuating member sliding surface 16 a on the other hand, are in sliding contact.
- a particular sliding material forms at least one of each of the sliding partners of the relevant friction system, wherein in the friction system 3 a / 15 a , either the track 3 a or the actuating member sliding surface 15 a can be formed by the sliding material.
- the same sliding material can also form both the track 3 a and the actuating member sliding surface 15 a .
- the two sliding surfaces 3 a and 15 a can each be formed by a different sliding material. The same applies in relation to the other friction system 3 b , 6 b / 16 a .
- the same sliding material is expediently used in each case. If both friction partners consist of a sliding material, the actuating member sliding surfaces 15 a and 16 b are each formed by the same sliding material or the tracks 3 a , 3 b and 6 b are each formed by the same sliding material.
- one of the sliding partners in the respective friction system can consist of a metal alloy, preferably a light metal alloy, it is in accordance with preferred example embodiments if each of the sliding partners is formed by a particular sliding material having a low adhesion energy.
- the sliding material of the sliding partners of the respective friction system can be the same or can be different.
- the actuating members 15 and 16 can be formed entirely from the sliding material, or can be formed from a substrate material, preferably a light metal alloy, and each superficially comprise a sliding layer made of the sliding material.
- the casing in the example embodiment, the casing portion 3 and the cover 6 —can also be formed from plastic, however in preferred example embodiments, at least the casing portion 3 and preferably the cover 6 are cast from a metal alloy, preferably a light metal alloy. Aluminum alloys may in particular be considered as the light metal. Preferred examples are given below:
- casing portion 3 and cover 6 each made of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die cast actuating members 15 and 16: PES compound: 10% by weight of carbon fibers, 10% by weight of graphite, 10% by weight of PTFE, remainder PES (e.g. ULTRASON ®)
- the casing portion 3 and the cover 6 are each formed from the same aluminum alloy, namely AlSi9Cu3, by die casting.
- the alloy can contain a small proportion of iron.
- the tracks 3 a , 3 b and 6 b are obtained in an exact fit by being mechanically machined.
- the actuating members 15 and 16 are each formed entirely from the specified plastic sliding material.
- the sliding surfaces 15 a and 16 a are produced in an exact fit by being mechanically machined.
- casing portion 3 and cover 6 each made of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die cast actuating members 15 and 16: PES compound: 10% by weight of carbon fibers, 10% by weight of graphite, 10% by weight of PTFE, remainder PES (e.g. ULTRASON ®) tracks 3a, 3b and 6b: coated with plastic or sliding varnish modified to lubrication
- PES compound 10% by weight of carbon fibers, 10% by weight of graphite, 10% by weight of PTFE, remainder PES (e.g. ULTRASON ®) tracks 3a, 3b and 6b: coated with plastic or sliding varnish modified to lubrication
- Example 2 corresponds to Example 1. Unlike Example 1, however, each of the tracks 3 a , 3 b and 6 b is formed by a sliding layer of plastic sliding material or sliding varnish.
- the plastic sliding material can in particular be the material of the actuating members 15 and 16 .
- casing portion 3 and cover 6 each made of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die cast actuating members 15 and 16: extruded parts made of a cast aluminum semi-finished product as the substrate material, for example AlSi8Cu3 sliding surfaces 15a and 16a: PES compound: 10% by weight of carbon fibers, 10% by weight of graphite, 10% by weight of PTFE, remainder PES (e.g. ULTRASON ®)
- the casing portion 3 and the cover 6 correspond to Example 1.
- the actuating members 15 and 16 each consist of the same aluminum alloy, preferably AlSi8Cu3. They are formed from a cast semi-finished product of the aluminum alloy, by extrusion. At least the circumferential surfaces are then each provided with a sliding layer of the plastic sliding material.
- the blanks can be formed by sintering and calibrating. The extruded or calibrated blanks are heated and the plastic sliding material is injection-molded around them in a die, preferably completely enclosing them.
- casing portion 3 and cover 6 each made of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die cast tracks 3a, 3b and 6b: Hardcoat ® smooth (Hardcoat ® smooth sliding layer, preferably impregnated with PTFE) actuating members 15 and 16: extruded parts made of a cast aluminum semi-finished product as the substrate material, for example AlSi8Cu3 sliding surfaces 15a and 16a: Hardcoat ® smooth (Hardcoat ® smooth sliding layer, preferably impregnated with PTFE)
- the casing portion 3 and the cover 6 correspond to Example 1.
- the actuating members 15 and 16 each consist of the same aluminum alloy, preferably AlSi8Cu3. They are either formed from a cast semi-finished product by extrusion or alternatively by sintering and calibrating. The actuating member blanks are then anodized at least on their circumferential surface forming the respective sliding surface 15 a and 16 a .
- a mixture of oxalic acid and additives is used as the electrolyte, such that a sliding layer of Al 2 O 3 Hardcoat® smooth is formed on each of the outer circumferential surfaces.
- the sliding layer is preferably impregnated with PTFE.
- the tracks 3 a , 3 b and 6 b are formed in the same way, also each as a Hardcoat® smooth sliding layer, preferably as a PTFE-impregnated sliding layer.
- one of the two sliding partners or also both sliding partners can each be formed as a Hardcoat® sliding layer, also preferably as a PTFE-impregnated sliding layer.
- casing portion 3 and cover 6 each made of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die cast tracks 3a, 3b and 6b: Hardcoat ® sliding layer actuating members 15 and 16: steel, for example 30CrMoV9, as the substrate material sliding surfaces 15a and 16a: nitrided steel
- the casing portion 3 and the cover 6 correspond to Example 1 and, once formed, are anodized such that the tracks 3 a , 3 b and 6 b are obtained as an Al 2 O 3 Hardcoat® (Hardcoat® sliding layer).
- the Hardcoat® sliding layer can be impregnated with PTFE.
- the actuating members 15 and 16 are formed from steel and nitrided on their surface, at least on their outer circumferential surfaces.
- AlSi8Cu3 sand cast or chill cast actuating members 15 and 16 extruded parts made of a cast aluminum semi-finished product as the substrate material, for example AlSi8Cu3 sliding surfaces 15a and 16a: Hardcoat ® smooth (Hardcoat ® smooth sliding layer)
- the casing portion 3 and the cover 6 are each formed from AlSi8Cu3 by sand casting or chill casting.
- the tracks 3 a , 3 b and 6 b are produced in an exact fit by being mechanically machined.
- the actuating members 15 and 16 are each formed from a cast aluminum semi-finished product by extrusion, and anodized. A mixture of oxalic acid and additives is used as the electrolyte, such that a sliding layer of Al 2 O 3 Hardcoat® smooth (Hardcoat® smooth sliding layer) is formed on each of the outer circumferential surfaces.
- the Hardcoat® smooth sliding layer preferably contains PTFE.
- a Hardcoat® ceramic or Hardcoat® smooth ceramic also forms the tracks 3 a , 3 b and 6 b , wherein here, too, the ceramic can advantageously be impregnated with PTFE.
- Metal-ceramic sliding layers are particularly suitable for use in friction systems comprising a light-metal sand cast structure or chill cast structure or light-metal cast alloys in general which are solidified at or near thermodynamic equilibrium.
- the ⁇ -mixed crystals—for example AlSi—of the die cast structure which are smaller due to the shorter cooling time, cause problems which for metal-oxide ceramic sliding layers act as fine abrasive grains.
- each of the two sliding partners should comprise a Hardcoat® sliding layer or Hardcoat® smooth sliding layer. Even for sand cast structures or chill cast structures, however, both sliding partners preferably consist of a sliding material having a low adhesion energy.
Abstract
A rotary pump having a variable delivery volume, comprising: a casing; a delivery chamber formed in the casing; at least one delivery rotor which is rotatable in the delivery chamber; an actuating member which is arranged facing a front face of the delivery rotor or surrounds the delivery rotor, and is moveable in the casing for adjusting the delivery volume; the actuating member chargeable with an actuating force which is dependent on a fluid requirement; a track which is formed in the casing and guides the actuating member on an actuating member sliding surface in a sliding contact; and a sliding material which forms at least one of the track and the actuating member sliding surface.
Description
- This application claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2006 018 124.7 filed Apr. 19, 2006, which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference.
- 1. Technical Field
- The invention relates to a rotary pump having an adjustable, preferably variable, delivery volume, and a method for manufacturing it. The rotary pump can in particular be used as a lube oil pump for supplying lube oil to an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle engine.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Lube oil pumps in motor vehicles are driven in accordance with the rotational speed of the engine which is to be supplied with the lube oil, usually directly or via a mechanical gearing of the engine. The rotational speed of the pump correspondingly increases with the rotational speed of the engine. Since rotary pumps have a constant specific delivery volume, i.e. they deliver substantially the same amount of fluid per revolution at any rotational speed, the delivery volume increases in proportion to the rotational speed of the pump. The engine's requirement also increases roughly in proportion to the rotational speed of the engine, up to a certain limiting rotational speed, beyond which however it deviates or at least levels out, such that when the limiting rotational speed is exceeded, the rotary pump delivers beyond the requirement. Adjustable rotary pumps have been developed in order to not have to direct the excess delivered amount into a reservoir, which incurs losses. Examples of adjustable rotary pumps include the internal-axle and external-axle toothed wheel pumps known from DE 102 22 131 B4. Adjustable vane pumps are also known. These pumps each comprise an actuating member which can be moved back and forth. In the examples cited, the delivery rotor is either a toothed wheel or a vane. In the known internal-axle toothed wheel pumps and vane pumps, the movement of the adjusting member adjusts the eccentricity between two mutually mating toothed wheels or the eccentricity between the vane and the actuating member in accordance with the requirement of the consumer. In external-axle toothed wheel pumps, the axial engagement length of two toothed wheels is adjusted. For adjusting, the respective actuating member is charged with an actuating force, for example charged directly with the high-pressure fluid.
- The actuating force is counteracted by a spring member. In pumps of the type cited, which are increasingly manufactured from light metal alloys, in particular aluminum alloys, the surfaces of the pump casing and of the actuating member which are in frictional contact are surprisingly subject to particular wear and determine the service life of the pump.
- An exemplary embodiment of the invention is based on a displacement-type rotary pump which comprises a casing including a delivery chamber, a delivery rotor which can be rotated in the delivery chamber about a rotational axis, and at least one actuating member which can be moved back and forth in the casing. The actuating member can surround the delivery rotor or preferably can be arranged on, i.e. facing, a front face of the delivery rotor. An actuating member which surrounds the delivery rotor can in particular be provided in internal-axle pumps, for example toothed ring pumps and vane pumps, and can be formed as a rotationally mounted eccentric ring such as is known from DE 102 22 131 B4 or EP 0 846 861 B1, or as a lifting ring. Preferably, however, an actuating member such as is known from external toothed wheel pumps, for example from DE 102 22 131 B4, is arranged on or facing a front face of the delivery rotor and axially seals the delivery chamber on the relevant front face. Such an actuating member forms an actuating piston which can be axially moved back and forth along the rotational axis of the feed wheel. An actuating member which surrounds the delivery rotor is rotationally or pivotably mounted, or alternatively can also be mounted such that it can be moved linearly. The delivery chamber comprises a low-pressure side and a high-pressure side. At least one inlet is arranged on the low-pressure side, and at least one outlet for a fluid to be delivered is arranged on the high-pressure side. The low-pressure side of the delivery chamber and the entire upstream portion of the system in which the pump is installed form the low-pressure side of the pump. The high-pressure side of the delivery chamber and the entire subsequent downstream portion of the system form the high-pressure side of the pump. The low-pressure side extends as far as a reservoir for the fluid, and the high-pressure side extends at least as far as the most downstream point of consumption requiring a high fluid pressure.
- The actuating member can be charged with an actuating force in the direction of its mobility, said force being dependent on the pressure of the fluid on the high-pressure side of the pump or on another variable of the system which is decisive for the requirement. The pressure can be taken directly at the outlet of the delivery chamber or at a downstream pump outlet or can be taken from a point further downstream in the system, for example from the final point of consumption. Instead of or in addition to the pressure, the temperature of the fluid or of a component in the system in which the pump is installed, for example a temperature of the engine, can for example feature in forming the actuating force. Other physical variables for determining the actuating force are adduced as applicable. The actuating force can be generated by means of an additional actuating member, for example an electric motor. More preferably, however, the actuating member can be directly charged with the pressure of the fluid, i.e. during operation of the pump, it is charged with the pressurized fluid. In preferred embodiments, in particular in embodiments in which it is charged with the pressurized fluid, the actuating member is charged with an elasticity force which counteracts the actuating force. The elasticity force is generated by an elasticity member, preferably a mechanical spring.
- The actuating member is in sliding contact with the casing, since the casing forms a track and the actuating member forms an actuating member sliding surface, and the actuating member is guided in the sliding contact by the track by means of its sliding surface. The actuating member can also additionally be guided in other ways, for example in a pivoting joint, however it is more preferably guided by the track only.
- In accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the actuating member sliding surface and/or the track is/are formed from a sliding material. The sliding material can in particular be a plastic, a ceramic material, a nitride, a nickel-phosphorus compound, a sliding varnish, namely a lubricating varnish or solid film lubricant, a DLC coating, a Ferroprint coating or a nano-coating. The sliding material can form a surface coating. If the sliding material is a plastic, the relevant component—i.e. a casing portion forming the track, or the actuating member—can consist exclusively or at least substantially of the sliding material. In preferred embodiments, both the actuating member sliding surface and the track consist of a sliding material, either each of the same sliding material or each of a different sliding material. However, wear is also reduced even if only the actuating member sliding surface or only the track consists of the sliding material, wherein using the sliding material for the actuating member sliding surface is preferred.
- The invention is based on the insight that furrowing, or conversely also adhesion, can be decisive for wear. Adhesion can in particular be the frictional mechanism which determines wear when the friction partners which are in sliding contact are so smooth that the frictional mechanism takes a back seat to furrowing or abrasion. It has for instance been established for adjustable external toothed wheel pumps that the actuating members arranged facing the front faces of the delivery rotor which can be axially moved, i.e. the two actuating pistons, are subject to considerable oscillating frictional wear. The adjusting movements required for setting the delivery volume are too slow to be causing the oscillating frictional wear. However, the adjusting movements are superimposed with oscillations having short strokes as compared to the varying movements and a substantially higher frequency. This therefore causes adhesion between the sliding surfaces of the actuating members and the track of the pump casing, resulting locally in material welding, which breaks away due to the adjusting movements. In accordance with the invention, the sliding partners—i.e. the sliding surface of the one or more actuating members and the one or more tracks of the casing—are configured such that the adhesion tendency in the friction system is significantly reduced as compared to the surfaces made of aluminum alloys which are usual for the sliding partners. The sliding material is advantageously chosen to exhibit an adhesion energy or free surface energy which is at most half the adhesion energy of pure aluminum. This condition is fulfilled in particular by plastic materials and ceramic materials, preferably metal oxide ceramics, but also by the other sliding materials cited above. The adhesion energy or free binding energy increases with the density of free electrons. Accordingly, the requirement for a low adhesion energy is fulfilled by materials having a low density of free electrons.
- Heat-resistant thermoplasts are one group of materials which are particularly suitable as the sliding material. The one or—as applicable—more polymers of the plastic sliding material are advantageously modified to lubrication, i.e. the plastic contains a sliding additive which improves its sliding properties. Such a sliding material is also highly suitable in cases in which only one of the sliding partners of the friction system consists of a sliding material. A preferred sliding additive is graphite. Alternatively, a polymer from the group of fluoropolymers may above all be considered as a sliding additive. A preferred example from this group is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Particularly preferably, both graphite and at least one fluoropolymer, preferably PTFE, are added to the polymer, copolymer, polymer mixture or polymer blend, as sliding additives. The proportion of the sliding additive should be at least 10% by weight in total; preferably, the proportion of the sliding additive is 20±5% by weight in total. If different materials form the sliding additive, the individual proportions should be at least substantially the same. Plastic sliding materials containing 10±2% by weight of graphite and 10±2% by weight of fluoropolymer are for instance preferred. Adding fibrous material is also regarded as being advantageous, wherein carbon fibers are preferred as the fibrous material. Glass fibers should not be added, since they can form fine needle points on the surface of the sliding layer formed from the sliding material and therefore impair its sliding properties. The plastic sliding material preferably contains 10±5% by weight, more preferably 10±3% by weight of fibrous material.
- Plastics which are preferred as the sliding material contain 70±10% by weight of polymer material. Although polymer mixtures or polymer blends may in principle be considered as the base material, the plastic sliding material preferably contains only one type of polymer. Polymers, with their long hydrocarbon chains, have a very low density of free electrons and also correspondingly few free spaces for free electrons of the sliding partner. Amorphous polymers, with their convoluted chains of molecules, are particularly advantageous in this regard. The degree of crystallinity of the polymer material should be as low as possible. Conversely, the polymer material should not have any practically significant entropy elasticity. The minimum working temperature should be around −40° C., preferably below this. The permanent working temperature should be at least +150° C. Within this range of working temperatures, a low creeping tendency, sufficient mechanical stability and dimensional stability are required. For its use in vehicle manufacturing, the plastic sliding material should also be resistant to fuel. Resistance to the fluid delivered should be a general requirement. It is also advantageous if the sliding material also has the ability to embed or absorb hard particles which can be created by furrowing, i.e. attrition. Preferred polymer materials are:
-
- polysulphone (PSU) or in particular polyether sulphone (PES), and copolymerides of PES and polysulphone (PSU);
- polyphenylene sulfide (PPS);
- polyether ketones, namely PAEK, PEK or in particular PEEK;
- polyphthalamide (PPA);
- and polyamide (PA).
- In preferred first embodiments, the actuating member is formed from the plastic sliding material, preferably by injection molding. In such embodiments, it preferably consists of the plastic. In principle, however, inserts can be embedded in the plastic; in this sense, the actuating member at least substantially consists of the plastic sliding material. Instead of the actuating member, a casing portion which forms the track can also formed from the plastic sliding material, preferably by injection molding and from the plastic alone or at least substantially from the plastic, in the above sense. In a comparatively preferred variant, the casing is formed from a metal, preferably light metal, and the track is formed by an insert, preferably a bushing, consisting of the plastic sliding material. In principle, the actuating member and a casing portion which forms the track, in particular an insert, can also each be formed from the plastic sliding material. Within the context of the first embodiments, it is particularly preferred if only the actuating member consists at least substantially of the plastic sliding material, while the track is formed only as a surface coating by a plastic sliding material or, as applicable, another sliding material, or is formed as a non-coated metal surface.
- In preferred second embodiments, at least one of the sliding surfaces which are in sliding contact is formed by a thin sliding layer. The actuating member and/or the casing portion forming the track consists or consists of another material below the superficial sliding layer, i.e. a substrate material. The substrate material can in particular be a metal, preferably a light metal. Prospective light metals are above all aluminum, aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys. In the second embodiments, both sliding surfaces are preferably formed as superficial sliding layers, each from a sliding material which has a significantly lower adhesion energy than aluminum or magnesium. If only one of the sliding surfaces of the two sliding partners consists of the sliding material, it is preferably the sliding surface of the actuating member. A combination of a first and second embodiment is also advantageous, wherein the actuating member or the casing portion forming the track, preferably an insert, at least substantially consists of plastic and the other part comprises a surface layer made of the sliding material, for example also made of plastic or made of a ceramic material.
- The superficial sliding layer can be formed by applying the sliding material or by modifying the substrate material. Plastic sliding material is applied; preferably, the plastic is injection-molded around the blank formed from the substrate material. The plastic sliding material should exhibit a longitudinal thermal expansion which comes as close as possible to the longitudinal expansion of the substrate material. Modifying light-metal substrate materials, by contrast, creates a metal-oxide ceramic sliding layer or a nitride layer. If the substrate material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy, the sliding layer is preferably obtained by anodisation. Anodisation can in particular form a so-called Hardcoat® sliding layer or more preferably a so-called Hardcoat® smooth sliding layer. Hardcoat® smooth electrolytes consist of a mixture of oxalic acid and additives. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is generally used to manufacture Hardcoat® layers. Anodic oxidation methods for forming a metal-ceramic sliding layer comparable to Al2O3 sliding layers are also known for magnesium and magnesium alloys as the substrate material, for example the so-called DOW method. PTFE is preferably dispersed in the ceramic sliding layer; the ceramic is impregnated with PTFE, so to speak.
- As already mentioned, the casing or also only a casing portion forming the track can in particular be formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The casing or the relevant casing portion is preferably cast. The aluminum alloy is therefore preferably a cast aluminum alloy. If the actuating member does not at least substantially consist of plastic sliding material, it is preferably formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy, preferably a cast alloy, preferably by casting and then extruding or by sintering and calibrating. It holds for both the casing portion and the actuating member that the respective aluminum alloy preferably contains 10±2% by weight of silicon. The respective alloy also preferably contains copper, though at a proportion of at most 4% by weight, preferably at most 3% by weight. It can furthermore contain a smaller proportion of iron. The casing portion, and preferably other portions of the casing, is or are preferably formed by sand casting or die casting, wherein die casting is primarily appropriate for larger-volume runs and sand casting is primarily appropriate for smaller-volume runs. Chill casting can also be used instead of sand casting. A particularly preferred alloy for the casing portion and also for the casing as a whole is AlSi8Cu3 if it is formed by sand casting or chill casting, and AlSi9Cu3 plus a small proportion of iron if it is formed by die casting.
- Nitrides which are preferred as the sliding material are titanium carbon nitride (TiCN) and in particular nitrided steel. Steels having a high chromium content, preferably with a proportion of molybdenum and also preferably with a proportion of vanadium, for example 30CrMoV9, are in particular used as nitrided steels. TiCN is used as a surface coating on a light-metal substrate material. If nitrided steel forms the sliding material, the corresponding steel is preferably the substrate material. For instance, the actuating member can in particular be formed from the steel and the actuating member sliding surface can consist of the nitrided steel. A particularly preferred tribological pairing is Hardcoat® ceramic or Hardcoat® smooth ceramic for one sliding partner and nitrided steel for the other sliding partner. The ceramic sliding material of this pairing can contain PTFE, however low wear is also achieved when using the ceramic only. A tribological pairing of Hardcoat® ceramic or Hardcoat® smooth ceramic with sintered tin bronze is also an alternative, although only a conditionally preferred alternative with regard to its thermal expansion.
- A DLC (diamond-like carbon) coating, and then in particular a tungsten carbide coating, also has a wear-reducing effect. A DLC sliding coating can in particular be produced by plasma-coating.
- Sliding varnishes are also suitable sliding materials, wherein it also holds for sliding varnishes that, while wear is reduced even if only one of the sliding partners is coated, a sliding varnish coating on both sliding partners of the friction system is however preferred. A combination of a sliding varnish for one sliding partner and a plastic material for the other sliding partner is also an advantageous solution. The sliding varnish consists of an organic or inorganic binder, one or more solid lubricants and additives. MoS2, graphite or PTFE, individually or in combination, may in particular be considered as the solid lubricant. Before being coated with the sliding varnish, the surface to be coated is pre-treated, expediently by forming a phosphate layer on the surface to be coated. One particular sliding varnish is Ferroprint, which contains fine steel tips as the solid lubricant.
- If a nano-coating forms the sliding material, nano-phosphorus compounds can in particular form the sliding layer.
- Example embodiments of the invention are explained below on the basis of figures. Features disclosed by the example embodiments, each individually and in any combination of features which are not mutually exclusive, advantageously develop the subjects of the embodiments described above. There is shown:
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a delivery chamber of an external toothed wheel pump comprising two delivery rotors in toothed engagement; and -
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the external toothed wheel pump. -
FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of an external toothed wheel pump. In a pump casing comprising acasing portion 3 and a cover 6 (FIG. 2 ), a delivery chamber is formed in which two externallytoothed delivery rotors delivery rotor 1 is rotary driven, for example by the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. Thedelivery rotors delivery rotor 1 is rotary driven, thedelivery rotor 2 mating with it is also rotationally driven. Aninlet 4 feeds into the delivery chamber on a low-pressure side, and anoutlet 5 on a high-pressure side, for a fluid to be delivered, preferably lube oil for an internal combustion engine. Thecasing portion 3 forms aradial sealing surface 9 which faces each of thedelivery rotors respective delivery rotor delivery rotor 1, thecasing delivery rotor 1, axially facing it, of which thesealing surface 7 can be seen inFIG. 1 . Another axial sealing surface is formed axially facing each of the two front faces of thedelivery rotor 2, of which the sealingsurface 17 can be seen in the cross-section inFIG. 1 . - By rotary driving the
delivery rotors inlet 4 and, in the tooth gaps of thedelivery rotors outlet 5 to the consumer—in the assumed example, the internal combustion engine. During the delivery action, the high-pressure side is separated from the low-pressure side by the sealing gaps formed between thedelivery rotors delivery rotors delivery rotors delivery rotor 2 can be moved axially, i.e. along its rotational axis R2, back and forth relative to thedelivery rotor 1, such that the engagement length of thedelivery rotors - In
FIG. 2 , thedelivery rotor 2 assumes an axial position exhibiting an axial overlap, i.e. an engagement length, which has already been reduced as compared to the maximum engagement length. Thedelivery rotor 2 is part of an adjusting unit consisting of abearing journal 14, an actuatingmember 15, an actuatingmember 16 and thedelivery rotor 2 which is mounted on thebearing journal 14 between the actuatingmembers journal 14 connects theactuating members member 16 forms theaxial sealing surface 17 facing thedelivery rotor 2. The actuatingmember 15 forms the otheraxial sealing surface 18. The entire adjusting unit is mounted, secured against rotation, in a shifting space of thepump casing - The casing is formed by the
casing portion 3 and thecasing cover 6 which is fixedly connected to it. Thecasing cover 6 is formed with a base, the front face of which facing thedelivery rotor 1 forms the sealingsurface 7. On the opposite front face, thecasing portion 3 forms the fourthaxial sealing surface 8 which axially faces thedelivery rotor 1. The side of the sealingsurface 8 facing the adjusting unit is provided with a circular segment-shaped cutaway for the actuatingmember 15. The side of the actuatingmember 16 facing thedelivery rotor 1 is provided with a circular segment-shaped cutaway for thebase 6 forming the sealingsurface 7. Apart from the respective cutaway, the sealingsurface 7 corresponds to the sealingsurface 8, and the sealingsurface 17 corresponds to the sealingsurface 18. - The adjusting
members partial space 10 which is limited by the rear side of the actuatingmember 15 and apartial space 11 which is limited by the rear side of the actuatingmember 16. Thepartial space 11 is connected to the high-pressure side of the pump and is constantly charged with pressurized fluid diverted there, thus acting on the rear side of the actuatingmember 16. A mechanical pressure spring is arranged in thespace 10 as anelasticity member 12, the elasticity force of which acts on the rear side of the actuatingmember 15. Theelasticity member 12 counteracts the pressure force acting on the actuatingmember 16 in thepartial space 11. The regulation of such external toothed wheel pumps is known and does not therefore need to be explained. The regulation can in particular be configured in accordance with DE 102 22 131 B4. - If the axial sealing surfaces 7, 8 and 17, 18 were circumferentially smooth and the axial sealing gaps correspondingly circumferentially narrow, fluid on the high-pressure side in the engagement region of the
delivery rotors - In order to eliminate the disadvantages cited, the sealing surfaces 7, 8, 17 and 18 are each provided with a relieving pocket on the high-pressure side. Of the four pockets, the
pockets 7 a and 17 a can be seen inFIG. 1 . Relieving pockets are only formed on the high-pressure side. Thecasing portion 3 guides theactuating members casing portion 3 forms a track 3 a and thecasing portion 3 together with thecover 6 forms atrack actuating members member sliding surface member sliding surface 15 a on the one hand, and thetrack member sliding surface 16 a on the other hand, are in sliding contact. In the prior art, it is usual to produce thecasing actuating members tracks member sliding surfaces 15 a and 16 b on the other hand, a particular sliding material forms at least one of each of the sliding partners of the relevant friction system, wherein in the friction system 3 a/15 a, either the track 3 a or the actuatingmember sliding surface 15 a can be formed by the sliding material. The same sliding material can also form both the track 3 a and the actuatingmember sliding surface 15 a. Lastly, the two slidingsurfaces 3 a and 15 a can each be formed by a different sliding material. The same applies in relation to theother friction system member sliding surfaces 15 a and 16 b are each formed by the same sliding material or thetracks - Although in principle one of the sliding partners in the respective friction system can consist of a metal alloy, preferably a light metal alloy, it is in accordance with preferred example embodiments if each of the sliding partners is formed by a particular sliding material having a low adhesion energy. The sliding material of the sliding partners of the respective friction system can be the same or can be different. The
actuating members casing portion 3 and thecover 6—can also be formed from plastic, however in preferred example embodiments, at least thecasing portion 3 and preferably thecover 6 are cast from a metal alloy, preferably a light metal alloy. Aluminum alloys may in particular be considered as the light metal. Preferred examples are given below: -
casing portion 3 and cover 6:each made of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die cast actuating members 15 and 16: PES compound: 10% by weight of carbon fibers, 10% by weight of graphite, 10% by weight of PTFE, remainder PES (e.g. ULTRASON ®) - In Example 1, the
casing portion 3 and thecover 6 are each formed from the same aluminum alloy, namely AlSi9Cu3, by die casting. The alloy can contain a small proportion of iron. Thetracks actuating members -
casing portion 3 and cover 6:each made of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die cast actuating members 15 and 16: PES compound: 10% by weight of carbon fibers, 10% by weight of graphite, 10% by weight of PTFE, remainder PES (e.g. ULTRASON ®) tracks 3a, 3b and 6b: coated with plastic or sliding varnish modified to lubrication - Except for the
tracks tracks actuating members -
casing portion 3 and cover 6:each made of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die cast actuating members 15 and 16: extruded parts made of a cast aluminum semi-finished product as the substrate material, for example AlSi8Cu3 sliding surfaces 15a and 16a: PES compound: 10% by weight of carbon fibers, 10% by weight of graphite, 10% by weight of PTFE, remainder PES (e.g. ULTRASON ®) - The
casing portion 3 and thecover 6 correspond to Example 1. Theactuating members actuating members -
casing portion 3 and cover 6:each made of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die cast tracks 3a, 3b and 6b: Hardcoat ® smooth (Hardcoat ® smooth sliding layer, preferably impregnated with PTFE) actuating members 15 and 16:extruded parts made of a cast aluminum semi-finished product as the substrate material, for example AlSi8Cu3 sliding surfaces 15a and 16a: Hardcoat ® smooth (Hardcoat ® smooth sliding layer, preferably impregnated with PTFE) - The
casing portion 3 and thecover 6 correspond to Example 1. Theactuating members surface tracks - In a modification, one of the two sliding partners or also both sliding partners can each be formed as a Hardcoat® sliding layer, also preferably as a PTFE-impregnated sliding layer.
-
casing portion 3 and cover 6:each made of an AlSi9Cu3(Fe) die cast tracks 3a, 3b and 6b: Hardcoat ® sliding layer actuating members 15 and 16: steel, for example 30CrMoV9, as the substrate material sliding surfaces 15a and 16a: nitrided steel - The
casing portion 3 and thecover 6 correspond to Example 1 and, once formed, are anodized such that thetracks actuating members -
casing portion 3 and cover 6:AlSi8Cu3 sand cast or chill cast actuating members 15 and 16: extruded parts made of a cast aluminum semi-finished product as the substrate material, for example AlSi8Cu3 sliding surfaces 15a and 16a: Hardcoat ® smooth (Hardcoat ® smooth sliding layer) - The
casing portion 3 and thecover 6 are each formed from AlSi8Cu3 by sand casting or chill casting. Thetracks actuating members - In a modification, a Hardcoat® ceramic or Hardcoat® smooth ceramic also forms the
tracks - The method of manufacture and choice of materials in the last example embodiment is particularly suitable for smaller-volume runs, while forming the
casing portions - In the foregoing description, preferred embodiments of the invention have been presented for the purpose of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principals of the invention and its practical application, and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth they are fairly, legally, and equitably entitled to.
Claims (34)
1. A rotary pump having a variable delivery volume, comprising:
a casing;
a delivery chamber formed in the casing and comprising an inlet for a fluid on a low-pressure side and an outlet for the fluid on a high-pressure side of the pump;
at least one delivery rotor rotatable in the delivery chamber about a rotational axis;
an actuating member which is arranged facing a front face of the delivery rotor or surrounds the delivery rotor, and is moveable in the casing for adjusting the delivery volume; the actuating member chargeable, in the direction of its mobility, with an actuating force which is dependent on a fluid requirement;
a track which is formed in the casing and guides the actuating member on an actuating member sliding surface in a sliding contact; and
a sliding material which forms at least one of the track and the actuating member sliding surface.
2. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein the sliding material consists of at least one of plastic, ceramic, nitride, a nickel-phosphorus compound, a sliding varnish, a DLC coating, a Ferroprint coating or a nano-coating.
3. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein the sliding material exhibits an adhesion energy which is at most half an adhesion energy of aluminum.
4. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein:
the actuating member, another actuating member and the delivery rotor are part of an adjusting unit which can be moved as a whole back and forth in the casing;
the actuating members are each arranged facing one of the front faces of the delivery rotor, and another track is formed in the casing which guides the other actuating member on its actuating member sliding surface in a sliding contact; and
wherein at least one of the other track and the actuating member sliding surface of the other actuating member consists of the sliding material.
5. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein the sliding material is a thermoplast modified to lubrication.
6. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein the sliding material is a polymer compound of at least one heat-resistant polymer filled with fibrous material and a sliding additive.
7. The rotary pump according to claim 6 , wherein the sliding material comprises at least one of graphite, a fluoropolymer and PTFE.
8. The rotary pump according to claim 6 , wherein the proportion of polymer is at least 60% by weight and at most 80% by weight.
9. The rotary pump according to claim 6 , wherein the proportion of the sliding additive is at least 10% by weight and at most 30% by weight.
10. The rotary pump according to claim 6 , wherein the proportion of the fibrous material is at least 5% by weight and at most 15% by weight.
11. The rotary pump according to claim 6 , wherein the fibrous material comprises or consists of carbon fibers.
12. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein the sliding material is a plastic, and a base material of the plastic is a polymer including copolymer, a mixture of polymers or a polymer blend from the group consisting of polyether sulphone (PES), polysulphone (PSU), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyether ketones (PAEK, PEK, PEEK), polyamide (PA) and polyphthalamide (PPA).
13. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the actuating member sliding surface and the track is formed by a metal-ceramic layer.
14. The rotary pump according to the preceding claim, wherein the layer is a ceramic layer or a smooth ceramic layer.
15. The rotary pump according to claim 14 , wherein the layer contains PTFE.
16. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein nitrided steel or TiCN forms one of the track and the actuating member sliding surface.
17. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein a casing portion comprising the track at least substantially consists of metal or is formed from a metal as a substrate material and a sliding layer of the sliding material forming the track is applied to the substrate material or is formed by modifying the substrate material.
18. The rotary pump according to claim 17 , wherein a casting material forms the casing portion or the substrate material of the casing portion.
19. The rotary pump according to claim 18 , wherein the casting material is a die casting material, a chill casting material or a sand casting material exhibiting a corresponding structure.
20. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein the actuating member including the actuating member sliding surface consists at least substantially of metal or is formed from a metal as a substrate material and a sliding layer of the sliding material forming the actuating member sliding surface is applied to the substrate material or is formed by modifying the substrate material.
21. The rotary pump according to claim 20 , wherein a casing portion comprising the track at least substantially consists of metal or is formed from a metal as a substrate material and a sliding layer of the sliding material forming the track is applied to the substrate material or is formed by modifying the substrate material, and wherein the metal of the casing portion and the metal of the actuating member contain the same metallic element at least as their main constituent.
22. The rotary pump according to claim 17 , wherein the metal is aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy or another light metal.
23. The rotary pump according to claim 17 , wherein a ceramic material of the substrate material forms the sliding layer.
24. The rotary pump according to claim 17 , wherein the ceramic material of the substrate material is aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
25. The rotary pump according to claim 17 , wherein the metal is aluminum or an aluminum-based alloy which contains silicon, or the metal is an aluminum-based alloy containing at least one of copper and iron.
26. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the actuating member and the casing, or at least a casing portion which forms the track, is formed from the sliding material.
27. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein the actuating force is arranged to counteract an elasticity member; or the actuating member is an actuating piston which can be charged with the fluid of the high-pressure side.
28. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein the delivery rotor and the actuating member can be axially moved in relation to the rotational axis.
29. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , comprising another delivery rotor which can be rotated in the delivery chamber about another rotational axis, wherein the delivery rotors are in delivery engagement with each other.
30. The rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein the pump is an external-axle rotary pump or an external toothed wheel pump.
31. A method for manufacturing the rotary pump according to claim 1 , wherein:
a) a casing portion forming the track is formed from a light metal;
b) the actuating member is formed from the same or a different light metal; and
c) the casing portion for producing the track or the actuating member for producing the actuating member sliding surface is coated with the sliding material, or the light metal of the casing portion or the light metal of the actuating member is or are modified at the surface into the sliding material.
32. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein at least one of the casing portion and the actuating member is ceramised in the region of the track or the actuating member sliding surface, preferably anodized, nitrided or provided with a plastic coating, a sliding varnish, a tungsten carbide coating, a Ferroprint coating or a nano-coating.
33. The method according to claim 25 , wherein the casing portion is formed from an aluminum-based alloy by sand casting, chill casting or die casting, and the track is preferably formed by mechanically machining the casting material.
34. The method according to claim 25 , wherein the actuating member for forming the actuating member sliding surface is coated with a plastic modified to lubrication.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/079,270 US8186982B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2011-04-04 | Adjustable rotary pump with reduced wear |
US13/464,206 US8770955B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2012-05-04 | Adjustable rotary pump with reduced wear |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006018124A DE102006018124A1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2006-04-19 | Adjustable rotary pump with wear reduction |
DE102006018124.7 | 2006-04-19 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/079,270 Continuation US8186982B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2011-04-04 | Adjustable rotary pump with reduced wear |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20070248481A1 true US20070248481A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
Family
ID=38283219
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/737,397 Abandoned US20070248481A1 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2007-04-19 | Adjustable rotary pump with reduced wear |
US13/079,270 Active US8186982B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2011-04-04 | Adjustable rotary pump with reduced wear |
US13/464,206 Active 2027-06-07 US8770955B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2012-05-04 | Adjustable rotary pump with reduced wear |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/079,270 Active US8186982B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2011-04-04 | Adjustable rotary pump with reduced wear |
US13/464,206 Active 2027-06-07 US8770955B2 (en) | 2006-04-19 | 2012-05-04 | Adjustable rotary pump with reduced wear |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20070248481A1 (en) |
EP (3) | EP3376031B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4662559B2 (en) |
AT (2) | ATE500423T1 (en) |
DE (4) | DE102006018124A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE040650T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1847713T3 (en) |
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US20100086422A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2010-04-08 | Tbk Co., Ltd. | Gear pump |
US20120020825A1 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-01-26 | Schwabische Huttenwerke Automotive Gmbh | Displacement pump with suction groove |
CN102498297A (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2012-06-13 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Fuel pump with an overflow and a bypass valves |
US20130129554A1 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-05-23 | Audi Ag | Lubricant pump and control piston |
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DE102006018124A1 (en) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH & Co. KG | Adjustable rotary pump with wear reduction |
WO2010001764A1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2010-01-07 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Variable displacement gear pump |
DE102010004594B4 (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2017-05-24 | Audi Ag | Usually oil pump |
DE102010005984B4 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2013-11-28 | Audi Ag | Usually oil pump |
DE102010046941A1 (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-03-29 | Wittenstein Ag | Device, preferably tri-bological system, useful for power transmission, comprises first body and second body adapted to stand with the first body in sliding-rolling contact |
DE102011104049A1 (en) | 2011-06-11 | 2012-12-27 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | pump |
US9429149B2 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2016-08-30 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Polyetherimide pump |
KR102003107B1 (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2019-07-24 | 장순길 | Variable displacement pump |
DE102017117787A1 (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH | Adjustable external gear pump |
DE102019106660A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-17 | Wagner Gmbh & Co. Kg | Control valve with a connection surface for several valve ports |
CN112518239B (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2022-02-08 | 浙江海洋大学 | Screw pump rotor rotary die extrusion forming process |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100086422A1 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2010-04-08 | Tbk Co., Ltd. | Gear pump |
US8376724B2 (en) * | 2007-05-21 | 2013-02-19 | Tbk Co., Ltd. | Gear pump enabling efficient pump capacity change |
CN102498297A (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2012-06-13 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Fuel pump with an overflow and a bypass valves |
US20130129554A1 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2013-05-23 | Audi Ag | Lubricant pump and control piston |
US9181946B2 (en) * | 2010-05-12 | 2015-11-10 | Audi Ag | Lubricant pump and control piston |
US20120020825A1 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-01-26 | Schwabische Huttenwerke Automotive Gmbh | Displacement pump with suction groove |
US8899951B2 (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2014-12-02 | Schwabische Huttenwerke Automotive Gmbh | Displacement pump with suction groove |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3376031A1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
EP3376031B1 (en) | 2021-12-22 |
EP2327881B1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
PL1847713T3 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
EP2327881A3 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
US20120219448A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
ATE500423T1 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
DE502007006577D1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
US8186982B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
DE202007018987U1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
US8770955B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 |
US20110182760A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
DE102006018124A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
JP2007285300A (en) | 2007-11-01 |
DE10178105T8 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
EP2327881A2 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
EP1847713A3 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
EP1847713B1 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
AT11651U1 (en) | 2011-02-15 |
EP1847713A2 (en) | 2007-10-24 |
HUE040650T2 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
JP4662559B2 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
DE10178105T1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SCHWABISCHE HUTTENWERKE AUTOMOTIVE GMBH & CO. KG, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LAMPARSKI, CHRISTOF;REEL/FRAME:019515/0971 Effective date: 20070503 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |