US20040170750A1 - Edible composition and dosage form comprising an edible shell - Google Patents

Edible composition and dosage form comprising an edible shell Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040170750A1
US20040170750A1 US10/476,514 US47651404A US2004170750A1 US 20040170750 A1 US20040170750 A1 US 20040170750A1 US 47651404 A US47651404 A US 47651404A US 2004170750 A1 US2004170750 A1 US 2004170750A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dosage form
shell
product
crystallizable carbohydrate
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/476,514
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English (en)
Inventor
Frank Bunick
Gus LaBella
Harry Sowden
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
Original Assignee
McNeil PPC Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/967,414 external-priority patent/US6742646B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/966,450 external-priority patent/US6982094B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/966,509 external-priority patent/US6767200B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/966,497 external-priority patent/US7122143B2/en
Priority claimed from US09/966,939 external-priority patent/US6837696B2/en
Application filed by McNeil PPC Inc filed Critical McNeil PPC Inc
Priority to US10/476,514 priority Critical patent/US20040170750A1/en
Assigned to MCNEIL-PPC, INC. reassignment MCNEIL-PPC, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SOWDEN, HARRY S., BUNICK, FRANK J., LABELLA, GUS B.
Publication of US20040170750A1 publication Critical patent/US20040170750A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
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    • A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
    • A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
    • A23G1/50—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. products with an inedible support
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Definitions

  • This invention relates to an edible product which may be used as a dosage form per se, or as a component of a dosage form, for example comprising a shell, such as pharmaceutical compositions comprising a shell.
  • Dosage forms of this invention comprise at least one active ingredient and the edible product itself, or may comprise a shell comprising the edible product and a substrate or core which is surrounded at least in part by the shell.
  • Sugar-based coatings are well known in the confectionery industry, and are used for example to encapsulate cores comprising jellies, chocolate, fondants, and the like.
  • Conventional methods for applying sugar based coatings include hard-panning, and soft panning techniques which are described in detail in e.g., Lachman, L., Lieberman, H. A., and Kanig, J. L.: The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy , 2 nd ed., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1976, Chapter 12, pages 359-368; and W. P. P. Edwards: The Science of Sugar Confectionery , 1 st ed., The Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 2000, Chapter 8, pages 95-100; and B. W.
  • Shells produced by hard-panning comprise crystals of relatively small particle size, e.g. about 2 to about 20 microns, and relatively narrow particle size distribution. Hard panned coatings are applied in several layers, which can generally be viewed in a cross-section utilizing a light microscope. Shells prepared by soft-panning have a wider distribution of crystal size, with at least a portion of the crystals having a size of at least 100 microns or more.
  • Sugar-coated pharmaceutical tablets are well known, and representative compositions and methods for manufacture are disclosed, for example, in Ceschel, G. C. et.
  • the edible product of this invention comprises at least about 50% by weight of a crystallizable carbohydrate based upon the weight of the product, wherein at least about 90% by weight of the crystallizable carbohydrate comprises crystals having an average particle size of about 100 microns or less, the product has a moisture content of not more than about 5% by weight loss on drying, at least about 30% of the cross-sectional area of the product is non-striated, and the product has a cross-sectional area in the range of about 1 to 900 sq. mm.
  • the product comprises about 60% of a crystallizable carbohydrate.
  • the product comprises about 75% of a crystallizable carbohydrate.
  • the crystals have an average particle size of less than about 50 microns.
  • the product has a moisture content of not more than about 3% loss on drying.
  • the product has a moisture content of not more than about 1% loss on drying.
  • At least about 50% of the cross-sectional area of the product is non-striated.
  • At least about 80% of the cross-sectional area is non-striated.
  • the product comprises at least one active ingredient.
  • the edible product of this invention may be prepared by a method comprising: (a) injecting a flowable crystallizable carbohydrate into a mold cavity; (b) hardening the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate into an edible product in the mold cavity; and (c) removing the edible product from the mold cavity.
  • the dosage form of this invention comprises at least one active ingredient and an edible shell residing on at least a portion of a substrate, wherein the shell comprises at least about 50% by weight of a crystallizable carbohydrate based upon the weight of the shell, at least about 90% by weight of the crystallizable carbohydrate comprises crystals having an average particle size of about 100 microns or less, the shell has a moisture content of not more than about 5% by weight loss on drying, at least about 30% of the cross-sectional area of the shell is non-striated, and the dosage form has a cross-sectional area in the range of about 1 to 900 sq. mm.
  • the shell comprises a first portion and a second portion which are joined at an interface.
  • first and second shell portions are visually distinct.
  • the substrate comprises an active ingredient.
  • the substrate is a core
  • the edible shell surrounds the core
  • the shell comprises an active ingredient.
  • the core comprises an active ingredient.
  • the shell and the core each comprise an active ingredient.
  • the active ingredient is capable of dissolution upon contacting of the dosage form with a liquid medium, and dissolution of the active ingredient meets USP specifications for immediate release tablets containing the active ingredient.
  • the dosage form of this invention may be prepared by a method comprising: (a) providing a substrate; (b) surrounding at least a portion of the substrate with an edible shell, wherein the shell comprises at least about 50% by weight of a crystallizable carbohydrate based upon the weight of the shell, at least about 90% by weight of the crystallizable carbohydrate comprises crystals having an average particle size of about 100 microns or less, the shell has a moisture content of not more than about 5% by weight loss on drying, at least about 30% of the cross-sectional area of the shell is non-striated, and the dosage form has a cross-sectional area in the range of about 1 to 900 sq. mm; and (c) providing at least one active ingredient in the substrate or the shell or a combination thereof.
  • the dosage form of this invention may be prepared by a method comprising: (a) injecting a heated, flowable, crystallizable carbohydrate into a mold cavity containing a substrate such that the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate surrounds a first portion of the substrate within the mold cavity; (c) changing the temperature of the mold cavity to induce thermal shock crystallization of the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate surrounding a first portion of the substrate; (d) opening the mold cavity and rotating the portion of the mold containing the substrate to expose a second portion of the substrate; (e) closing the mold cavity; (f) injecting heated, flowable, crystallizable carbohydrate into the mold cavity such that the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate surrounds the second portion of the substrate within the mold cavity; (g) rapidly changing the temperature of the mold cavity to induce thermal shock crystallization of the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate surrounding the second portion of the substrate; and (h) removing the substrate from the mold cavity.
  • the dosage form of this invention comprises at least one active ingredient and at least about 50% by weight of a crystallizable carbohydrate based upon the weight of the dosage form, wherein at least about 90% by weight of the crystallizable carbohydrate comprises crystals having an average particle size of about 100 microns or less, the dosage form has a moisture content of not more than about 5% by weight loss on drying, at least about 30% of the cross-sectional area of the dosage form is non-striated, and the dosage form has a cross-sectional area in the range of about 1 to 900 sq. mm.
  • the dosage form comprises about 60% of a crystallizable carbohydrate.
  • the dosage form comprises about 75% of a crystallizable carbohydrate.
  • the crystals have an average particle size of less than about 50 microns.
  • the dosage form has a moisture content of not more than about 3% loss on drying.
  • the dosage form has a moisture content of not more than about 1% loss on drying.
  • At least about 50% of the cross-sectional area of the dosage form is non-striated.
  • At least about 80% of the cross-sectional area of the dosage form is non-striated.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B depict cross-sectional micrographs of prior art pan coated sugar shells.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B depict cross-sectional and side views, respectively, of the dosage form of Example 1.
  • the term “dosage form” applies to any solid object, semi-solid, or liquid composition designed to contain a specific pre-determined amount (i.e. dose) of a certain ingredient, for example an active ingredient as defined below.
  • Suitable dosage forms may be pharmaceutical drug delivery systems, including those for oral administration, buccal administration; or compositions for delivering minerals, vitamins and other nutraceuticals, oral care agents, flavorants, and the like.
  • the dosage forms of the present invention are considered to be solid, however they may contain liquid or semi-solid components.
  • the dosage form is an orally administered system for delivering a pharmaceutical active ingredient to the gastro-intestinal tract of a human.
  • Suitable active ingredients for use in this invention include for example pharmaceuticals, minerals, vitamins and other nutraceuticals, oral care agents, flavorants and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable pharmaceuticals include analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, antiarthritics, anesthetics, antihistamines, antitussives, antibiotics, anti-infective agents, antivirals, anticoagulants, antidepressants, antidiabetic agents, antiemetics, antiflatulents, antifungals, antispasmodics, appetite suppressants, bronchodilators, cardiovascular agents, central nervous system agents, central nervous system stimulants, decongestants, diuretics, expectorants, gastrointestinal agents, migraine preparations, motion sickness products, mucolytics, muscle relaxants, osteoporosis preparations, polydimethylsiloxanes, respiratory agents, sleep-aids, urinary tract agents and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable oral care agents include breath fresheners, tooth whiteners, antimicrobial agents, tooth mineralizers, tooth decay inhibitors, topical anesthetics, mucoprotectants, and the like.
  • Suitable flavorants include menthol, peppermint, mint flavors, fruit flavors, chocolate, vanilla, bubblegum flavors, coffee flavors, liqueur flavors and combinations and the like.
  • Suitable gastrointestinal agents include antacids such as calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate; stimulant laxatives, such as bisacodyl, cascara sagrada, danthron, senna, phenolphthalein, aloe, castor oil, ricinoleic acid, and dehydrocholic acid, and mixtures thereof; H2 receptor antagonists, such as famotadine, ranitidine, cimetadine, nizatidine; proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole or lansoprazole; gastrointestinal cytoprotectives, such as sucraflate and misoprostol; gastrointestinal prokinetics, such as prucalopride, antibiotics for H.
  • antacids such as calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, dihydroxyaluminum
  • pylori such as clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and metronidazole; antidiarrheals, such as diphenoxylate and loperamide; glycopyrrolate; antiemetics, such as ondansetron, analgesics, such as mesalamine.
  • the active agent may be selected from bisacodyl, famotadine, ranitidine, cimetidine, prucalopride, diphenoxylate, loperamide, lactase, mesalamine, bismuth, antacids, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, isomers, and mixtures thereof.
  • the active agent may be selected from acetaminophen, acetyl salicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, diclofenac, cyclobenzaprine, meloxicam, rofecoxib, celecoxib, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, isomers, and mixtures thereof.
  • the active agent may be selected from pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, astemizole, terfenadine, fexofenadine, loratadine, desloratadine, cetirizine, mixtures thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, isomers, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable polydimethylsiloxanes which include, but are not limited to dimethicone and simethicone, are those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,906,478, 5,275,822, and 6,103,260, the contents of each is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
  • simethicone refers to the broader class of polydimethylsiloxanes, including but not limited to simethicone and dimethicone.
  • the active ingredient or ingredients are present in the dosage form in a therapeutically effective amount, which is an amount that produces the desired therapeutic response upon oral administration and can be readily determined by one skilled in the art. In determining such amounts, the particular active ingredient being administered, the bioavailability characteristics of the active ingredient, the dose regime, the age and weight of the patient, and other factors must be considered, as known in the art.
  • the core comprises at least about 85 weight percent of the active ingredient.
  • the active ingredient may be coated with a taste masking coating, as known in the art.
  • suitable taste masking coatings are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,851,226, U.S. Pat. No. 5,075,114, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,436.
  • Commercially available taste masked active ingredients may also be employed.
  • acetaminophen particles which are encapsulated with ethylcellulose or other polymers by a coaccervation process may be used in the present invention. Coaccervation-encapsulated acetaminophen may be purchased commercially from Eurand America, Inc. (Vandalia, Ohio) or from Circa Inc. (Dayton, Ohio).
  • suitable excipients for compression include fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, and the like.
  • Suitable fillers include water-soluble compressible carbohydrates such as sugars, which include dextrose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose, sugar-alcohols, which include mannitol, sorbitol, maltitol, xylitol, starch hydrolysates, which include dextrins, and maltodextrins, and the like, water insoluble plasticly deforming materials such as microcrystalline cellulose or other cellulosic derivatives, water-insoluble brittle fracture materials such as dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate and the like and mixtures thereof.
  • water-soluble compressible carbohydrates such as sugars, which include dextrose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose
  • sugar-alcohols which include mannitol, sorbitol, maltitol, xylitol
  • starch hydrolysates which include dextrins, and maltodextrins, and the like
  • Suitable binders include dry binders such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and the like; wet binders such as water-soluble polymers, including hydrocolloids such as alginates, agar, guar gum, locust bean, carrageenan, tara, gum arabic, tragacanth, pectin, xanthan, gellan, maltodextrin, galactomannan, pusstulan, laminarin, scleroglucan, gum arabic, inulin, pectin, whelan, rhamsan, zooglan, methylan, chitin, cyclodextrin, chitosan, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulosics, starches, and the like; and derivatives and mixtures thereof.
  • dry binders such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and the like
  • Suitable disintegrants include sodium starch glycolate, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose, starches, microcrystalline cellulose, and the like.
  • Suitable lubricants include long chain fatty acids and their salts, such as magnesium stearate and stearic acid, talc, and waxes.
  • Suitable glidants include colloidal silicon dioxide, and the like.
  • the dosage form of the invention may also incorporate pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants, including, for example, preservatives, high intensity sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, and saccharin; flavors, antioxidants, surfactants, and coloring agents.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants including, for example, preservatives, high intensity sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, and saccharin; flavors, antioxidants, surfactants, and coloring agents.
  • the active ingredient or ingredients are preferably capable of dissolution upon contact with a fluid such as water, gastric fluid, intestinal fluid or the like.
  • the dissolution characteristics of the active ingredient meets USP specifications for immediate release tablets containing the active ingredient.
  • the active ingredient or ingredients are preferably capable of dissolution upon contact with a fluid such as water, stomach acid, intestinal fluid or the like.
  • the dissolution characteristics of the active ingredient meets USP specifications for immediate release tablets containing the active ingredient.
  • USP 24 specifies that in pH 5.8 phosphate buffer, using USP apparatus 2 (paddles) at 50 rpm, at least 80% of the acetaminophen contained in the dosage form is released therefrom within 30 minutes after dosing, and for ibuprofen tablets, USP 24 specifies that in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer, using USP apparatus 2 (paddles) at 50 rpm, at least 80% of the ibuprofen contained in the dosage form is released therefrom within 60 minutes after dosing. See USP 24, 2000 Version, 19 -20 and 856 (1999).
  • the dissolution characteristics of the active ingredient are modified: e.g. controlled, sustained, extended, retarded, prolonged, delayed and the like.
  • the active ingredient or ingredients may be present in the dosage form in any form.
  • the active ingredient may be dispersed at the molecular level, e.g. melted or dissolved, within the dosage form, or may be in the form of particles, which in turn may be coated or uncoated.
  • the particles typically have an average particle size of about 1-2000 microns. In one preferred embodiment, such particles are crystals having an average particle size of about 1-300 microns. In another preferred embodiment, the particles are granules or pellets having an average particle size of about 50-2000 microns, preferably about 50-1000 microns, most preferably about 100-800 microns.
  • the edible product of this invention comprises at least about 50% by weight, more preferably at least about 60% by weight, most preferably at least about 75% by weight of a crystallizable carbohydrate.
  • Suitable crystallizable carbohydrates include, for example the monosaccharides and the oligosaccharides.
  • aldohexoses e.g., the D and L isomers of allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose
  • ketohexoses e.g., the D and L isomers of fructose and sorbose along with their hydrogenated analogs e.g., glucitol (sorbitol), and mannitol are preferred.
  • the 1,2-disaccharides sucrose and trehalose the 1,4-disaccharides maltose, lactose, and cellobiose, and the 1,6-disaccharides gentiobiose and melibiose, as well as the trisaccharide raffinose are preferred along with the isomerized form of sucrose known as isomaltulose and its hydrogenated analog isomalt.
  • Other hydrogenated forms of reducing disaccharides such as maltose and lactose
  • maltitol and lactitol are also preferred.
  • the hydrogenated forms of the aldopentoses e.g., D and L ribose, arabinose, xylose, and lyxose and the hydrogenated forms of the aldotetroses e.g., D and L erythrose and threose are preferred and are exemplified by xylitol and erythritol, respectively.
  • the crystallizable carbohydrate may be selected from sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, maltitol, lactitol, and derivatives and mixtures thereof.
  • the crystallizable carbohydrate is a fondant grade sugar.
  • the crystallizable carbohydrate is a sugar glass, such as for example the product obtained by cooling a cooked sugar and corn syrup mixture.
  • the crystallizable carbohydrate may have any suitable particle size.
  • the crystallizable carbohydrate will have a particle size ranging from about 2 to about 1000 microns.
  • the particle size of the crystallizable carbohydrate is preferably from about 2 to about 35 microns.
  • the crystalizable carbohydrate may have a particle size from about 2 to about 1000 microns, or about 1000 microns to about 5000 microns.
  • At least about 90% by weight of the crystallizable carbohydrate is in the crystalline form, and has an average particle size of about 100 microns or less, typically about 50 microns or less.
  • the moisture content of the edible product of the present invention is such that there is typically not more than about 5% by weight loss on drying, preferably, not more than about 3%, most preferably not more than about 1% by weight loss on drying.
  • Loss on drying may be measured by the following method: a sample (typically about 1 to about 10 grams) of the edible product is prepared by subdividing it into small pieces of about 1 to about 2 square millimeters in size, or ground to a coarse powder. A known quantity of the prepared sample is placed into a tared aluminum weigh boat and dried in a desiccator containing anhydrous calcium sulfate or other suitable drying agent until a constant weight is achieved. The difference in weight after drying from the original sample is expressed as percent moisture.
  • the USP Method ⁇ 731>Loss on Drying may be used.
  • the edible product of the present invention may advantageously be applied as sugar shell to a substrate directly by a molding process, yielding a uniform and homogeneous layer in 5 minutes or less, e.g. 60 seconds or less, or 30 seconds or less, or 10 seconds or less, and in certain embodiments, say 1 second or less.
  • at least about 30%, preferably at least about 50%, most preferably at least about 80% of the cross-sectional area of the edible product of the present invention is non-striated.
  • “non-striated” means homogeneous with respect to appearance, and with respect to the internal structure of the sugar matrix of the edible product when viewed under any magnification and lighting conditions. For example a cross-section of the product is free of striations, and uniform with respect to refractive properties when observed utilizing a light microscope at a magnification of about 50 to about 400 times.
  • the edible product or edible shell of the present invention has a cross-sectional area in the range of about 1 to 900 sq. mm, preferably about 25 to 400 sq. mm, most preferably about 50 to about 100 sq. mm.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B show prior art pan coated compositions having striations which are thus distinguishable from the present invention.
  • FIG. 1A is a micrographic cross-section of a prior art DRIXORAL 12 hour tablet (commercially available from Schering Plough Inc.) and
  • FIG. 1B is a micrographic cross-section of a prior art ADVIL tablet (commercially available from Wyeth Inc.). Both prior art products clearly have striations when viewed with a light microscope at magnifications ranging from about 50 ⁇ to 400 ⁇ .
  • the edible product of this invention may be made by a method comprising: (a) injecting a flowable, crystallizable carbohydrate into a mold cavity; (b) hardening the flowable, crystallizable carbohydrate into the edible product in the mold cavity; (c) removing the edible product from the mold cavity; (d) optionally drying the edible product; and (e) optionally finishing the surface of the edible product by smoothing or polishing.
  • One embodiment of the method further comprises inducing thermal shock crystallization of the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate in the mold cavity to harden it in the mold cavity.
  • Another embodiment of the method comprises cooling the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate below its glass transition temperature to form a non-flowable mass comprising an amorphous sugar-glass in the mold cavity.
  • flowable crystallizable carbohydrate means a flowable mass comprising a crystallizable carbohydrate, for example carbohydrate crystals dispersed in a saturated carbohydrate solution, i.e., fondant or a molten carbohydrate in the form of an amorphous glass.
  • hardening means rendering the mass unflowable.
  • a preferred method for making the edible product of this invention in the form of a shell surrounding at least a portion of a core or substrate comprises: (a) injecting a heated, flowable, crystallizable carbohydrate into a mold cavity containing the substrate such that the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate surrounds a first portion of the substrate within the mold cavity; (b) rapidly changing the temperature of the mold cavity to induce thermal shock crystallization of the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate surrounding the first portion of the substrate; (c) opening the mold cavity and rotating the portion of the mold containing the substrate to expose a second portion of the substrate; (d) closing the mold cavity; (e) injecting heated, flowable, crystallizable carbohydrate into the mold cavity such that the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate surrounds the second portion of the substrate within the mold cavity; (f) rapidly changing the temperature of the mold cavity to induce thermal shock crystallization of the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate surrounding the second portion of the substrate; and (g) removing the coated substrate from the mold cavity.
  • the shell comprises two parts that abut one another, thereby forming a shell that completely surrounds the substrate or core.
  • the shell may be dried, and optionally finished by smoothing or polishing in a rotating pan.
  • One suitable method for preparing the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate is to blend the crystallizable carbohydrate with sufficient water, and optionally to blend in a non-crystallizable carbohydrate, and optionally to cook the carbohydrate and water mixture, to obtain a desired solids content.
  • further crystallizable carbohydrate may be added in crystalline form to the cooked carbohydrate and water mixture.
  • Suitable temperatures for cooking the crystallizable carbohydrate range from about 100 to about 165° C.
  • the crystallizable carbohydrate may be cooked to a temperature above its melting point, for example at temperatures from about 145 to about 165° C.
  • the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate is in the form of a glass.
  • the crystallizable carbohydrate may be cooked to a temperature below its melting point, for example at temperatures from about 100 to about 130° C.
  • the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate is in the form of a fondant.
  • the ratio of crystallizable carbohydrate to non-crystallizable carbohydrate may be from about 50:50 to about 90:10.
  • the ratio of crystallizable carbohydrate to non-crystallizable carbohydrate is preferably from about 50:50 to about 69:41.
  • the ratio of crystallizable carbohydrate to non-crystallizable carbohydrate is preferably from about 70:30 to about 90:10.
  • the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate is preferably agitated during cooling.
  • the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate is in the form of a metastable glass that will crystallize after about 1 to about 60 minutes upon cooling without agitation.
  • the ratio of crystallizable carbohydrate to non-crystallizable carbohydrate may be from about 65:35 to about 75:25.
  • additional crystallizable carbohydrate in an amount up to about 1 percent by weight of the crystallizable carbohydrate, may be added in crystalline form to the cooked carbohydrate and water mixture.
  • Suitable temperatures for maintaining the heated flowable crystallizable carbohydrate at are from about 80 to about 98° C. Rapid temperature change of mold cavity is accordingly performed by quickly changing the temperature of the mold cavity from this higher temperature range to a suitable “cold cycle” temperature for shock crystallizing the crystallizable carbohydrate.
  • Suitable cold cycle temperatures range from about ⁇ 10 to about 60° C., preferably from about ⁇ 10 to about 25° C.
  • Suitable mold temperatures for cooling the flowable crystallizable carbohydrate to below its glass transition temperature to form a non-flowable mass comprising an amorphous sugar-glass range from about 0 to about 80° C.
  • the dosage form of this invention is a solid dosage form comprising at least one active ingredient and the edible product of this invention.
  • the dosage form of this invention comprises at least one active ingredient, an edible shell made from the edible product of this invention, and a substrate which may be a core, with the edible shell residing on the substrate or surrounding at least a portion thereof.
  • substrate refers to a surface or underlying support upon which another material resides or acts
  • core refers to a material such as a substrate which is enveloped or surrounded by some other material such as a shell. Any of the shell, core, substrate, or combination thereof may contain an active ingredient such as a pharmaceutically active ingredient.
  • the edible shell covers at least a portion of the substrate.
  • the substrate may be any edible material, and preferably may be selected from solid forms such as, for example, capsules, tablets, pills, lozenges, pellets, granules, powders, taffy, nougat, caramel, chocolate and the like; semi-solid forms such as for example gels, jellies, cremes, fondants, fudge, and the like; and liquid forms such as suspensions, solutions, syrups, emulsions, and the like.
  • the substrate is a core which may be compressed or molded.
  • the core may optionally be at least partially covered by a compressed, molded or sprayed sub-coating.
  • the core is obtained by compressing a powder.
  • the powder may preferably comprise an active ingredient and optionally contain various excipients, such as binders, disintegrants, lubricants, fillers, glidants and the like, as is conventional, or other particulate material of a medicinal or non-medicinal nature, such as inactive placebo blends for tableting, confectionery blends, and the like.
  • the core comprises active ingredient, powdered wax (such as shellac wax, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene glycol, and the like), and optionally disintegrants and lubricants and is described in more detail at pages 4-11 of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/966,493, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • powdered wax such as shellac wax, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene glycol, and the like
  • disintegrants and lubricants is described in more detail at pages 4-11 of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/966,493, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the core may be in a variety of different shapes.
  • the core may be in the shape of a truncated cone.
  • the core may be shaped as a polyhedron, such as a cube, pyramid, prism, or the like; or may have the geometry of a space figure with some non-flat faces, such as a cone, cylinder, sphere, torus, or the like.
  • Exemplary core shapes which may be employed include tablet shapes formed from compression tooling shapes described by “The Elizabeth Companies Tablet Design Training Manual,” (Elizabeth Carbide Die Co., Inc., p.7 (McKeesport, Pa.) (incorporated herein by reference) as follows (the tablet shape corresponds inversely to the shape of the compression tooling):
  • the core is a directly compressed tablet, made from a powder which is substantially free of water soluble polymeric binders and hydrated polymers.
  • This composition is advantageous for maintaining an immediate release dissolution profile, minimizing processing and material costs, and providing for optimal physical and chemical stability of the dosage form.
  • the core may also be made using the thermal cycle molding method and apparatus described in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/966,497, pages 27-51, the disclosure of which is also incorporated herein by reference.
  • a thermal cycle molding module having the general configuration shown in FIG. 3 therein is employed.
  • the thermal cycle molding module 200 comprises a rotor 202 around which a plurality of mold units 204 are disposed.
  • the thermal cycle molding module includes a reservoir 206 (see FIG. 4) for holding flowable material to make the core.
  • the thermal cycle molding module is provided with a temperature control system for rapidly heating and cooling the mold units.
  • FIGS. 55 and 56 depict such a temperature control system 600 .
  • the starting material comprises an active ingredient and a thermal setting material.
  • the thermal setting material may be any edible material that is flowable at a temperature between about 37 and about 120° C., and that is a solid at a temperature between about 0 and about 35° C.
  • Preferred thermal setting materials include water-soluble polymers such as polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene oxides and derivatives, and sucrose esters; fats such as cocoa butter, hydrogenated vegetable oil such as palm kernel oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil; mono- di- and triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes such as carnuba wax, spermaceti wax, beeswax, candelilla wax, shellac wax, microcrystalline wax, and paraffin wax; fat-containing mixtures such as chocolate; sugar in the form on an amorphous glass such as that used to make hard candy forms, sugar in a supersaturated solution such as that used to make fondant forms; low-moisture polymer solutions such as mixtures of gelatin and other hydrocolloids at water contents up to about 30% such as those used to make “gummi” confection forms.
  • the thermal setting material is a water-soluble polymer such as polyethylene glycol.
  • the shell of the present invention may be formed by injection molding the edible product, advantageously minimizing or eliminating the need for direct-compression filler-binders such as microcrystalline cellulose, spray-dried lactose, mineral salts such as calcium phosphate, crystalline sugars such as sucrose, dextrates and the like. These materials would disadvantageously detract from the clarity and stability of the shell.
  • the shell of the present invention comprises less than about 10%, e.g. less than about 1%, or less than about 0.1% of direct-compression filler-binders.
  • the shell of the present invention is thus an improvement over compression-coated shells, which typically comprise at least about 30% of a direct-compression filler-binder, as described, for example, in WO 00/18447.
  • the thermal cycle molding module is preferably of the type shown in FIG. 28A of copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/966,497, comprising a series of mold units 204 .
  • the mold units 204 in turn comprise upper mold assemblies 214 , rotatable center mold assemblies 212 and lower mold assemblies 210 as shown in FIG. 28C.
  • Cores are continuously transferred to the mold assemblies, which then close over the cores.
  • Crystallizable carbohydrate which is heated to a flowable state in reservoir 206 , is injected into the mold cavities created by the closed mold assemblies. The temperature of the flowable, crystallizable carbohydrate is then decreased, hardening it.
  • the mold assemblies open and eject the coated cores. Coating is performed in two steps, each half of the cores being coated separately as shown in the flow diagram of FIG. 28B of copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/966,497 via rotation of the center mold assembly.
  • the shell comprises a first shell portion and a second shell portion which are joined at an interface.
  • the dosage form of this invention is prepared by a method comprising providing a substrate and surrounding at least a portion of the substrate with an edible shell.
  • the shell comprises at least about 50% by weight of a crystallizable carbohydrate based upon the weight of the shell.
  • At least about 90% by weight of the crystallizable carbohydrate comprises crystals having an average size of less than about 100 microns, and the shell has a moisture content of not more than about 5% by weight loss on drying, preferably not more than about 3%, most preferably not more than about 1% by weight loss on drying.
  • At least about 30%, preferably at least about 50%, most preferably at least about 80% of the cross-sectional area of the shell is non-striated, and the dosage form has a cross-sectional area in the range of about 1 to 900 sq. mm, preferably about 25 to 400 sq. mm.
  • a batch of molded acetaminophen tablets were prepared according to the invention in the following manner:
  • the finished mixture was deposited into two-piece rubber or silicone molds at room temperature. Once the molds were filled, the mixture was allowed to harden sufficiently to be ejected from the molds. The product was allowed to dry thoroughly and harden further.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B Cross-sectional and side views of the molded dosage form having a molded core 20 and green-colored shell 22 are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
  • the molded dosage form of Example 1 does not contain any striations.
  • a batch of sugar coated solid dosage forms is made according to the invention.
  • Table 4 below sets forth the fondant blend according to the invention used as the shell for the dosage forms: TABLE 4 Theory Ingredient Trade Name Supplier Mg/tab Kg/batch Fondant Sugar (90% solids) Amerfond Domino 196 83.40 Sugar Bob Syrup (87% solids) 611 260.00 Purified Water 42 17.87 Invert Sugar Solution 1 0.43 (72% solids) TOTAL 850 361.7
  • Dry fondant sugar is placed in a planetary mixer bowl and slowly blended using a leaf blade until smooth and uniform as 10% w/w purified water is added. Next the invert sugar solution and purified water is combined with the fondant and mixed thoroughly.
  • Bob syrup prepared by cooking a mixture of granulated sucrose, 42 DE corn syrup, and water (75:7:18% w/w) to 87% solids or about 115° C., is added to the fondant/invert sugar mixture and blended until uniform (about 2 minutes).
  • the fondant blend is transferred to heated reservoirs.
  • the reservoirs are described in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/966,497, pages 27-51 and depicted as 206 in FIG. 4 therein.
  • the fondant blend is maintained within the reservoirs at 90-95° C. and slowly stirred by means of a motorized mixing blade (not shown).
  • the reservoirs are covered and pressurized to about 150 psi or sufficient pressure to allow the warm fondant blend to flow to a thermal cycle molding module as described in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/966,497.
  • Cores are prepared by the compression methods and apparatus described in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/966,509, pages 16-27, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Specifically, the cores are made using a rotary compression module comprising a fill zone, insertion zone, compression zone, ejection zone, and purge zone in a single apparatus having a double row die construction as shown in FIG. 6 of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/966,509.
  • the dies of the compression module are preferably filled using the assistance of a vacuum, with filters located in or near each die.
  • the purge zone of the compression module includes an optional powder recovery system to recover excess powder from the filters and return the powder to the dies.
  • the cores are received by a transfer device having the structure shown as 300 in FIG. 3 of copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/966,414, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
  • the transfer device comprises a plurality of transfer units 304 attached in cantilever fashion to a belt 312 as shown in FIGS. 68 and 69 of copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/966,414.
  • the transfer device rotates and operates in sync with the compression module and the thermal cycle molding module to which it is coupled.
  • Transfer units 304 comprise retainers 330 for holding the cores as they travel around the transfer device.
  • the transfer device transfers the cores to the thermal cycle molding module, which applies the fondant blend to the cores.
  • the thermal cycle molding module is of the type shown in FIG. 28A of copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/966,497.
  • the mold units 204 of the thermal cycle molding module comprise upper mold assemblies 214 , rotatable center mold assemblies 212 and lower mold assemblies 210 as shown in FIG. 28C. Cores are continuously transferred to the mold assemblies, which then close over the cores.
  • the mold assemblies are isothermally cooled to about 10° C.
  • the heated, flowable fondant blend fills the mold assemblies.
  • the fondant blend a supersaturated sugar solution, is shock crystallized and sets as a firm solid mass surrounding the compressed cores.
  • the mold assemblies open and eject the coated cores. Coating is performed in two steps, each half of the cores being coated separately as shown in the flow diagram of FIG. 28B of copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/966,497 via rotation of the center mold assembly.
  • the mold assembly is opened and the in-process dosage form is ejected from the thermal cycle molding module and conveyed to a drier to thoroughly harden the shell and remove residual moisture, to obtain the finished dosage form.
  • the coated cores may be optionally finished in a coating pan to provide added color, flavor, gloss, or smoothness.
  • a batch of solid dosage forms is made according to the invention using the formulation set forth in Table 5 below: TABLE 5 Theory Ingredient Trade Name Supplier Mg/tab Kg/batch Fondant Sugar Amerfond Domino 196 83.40 (90% solids) Sugar Bob Syrup 611 260.00 (87% solids) Acetaminophen Malincrodt 325 138.30 Purified Water 42 17.87 Invert Sugar Solution 1 0.43 (72% solids) TOTAL 1175 500.0
  • Dry fondant sugar is placed in a planetary mixer bowl and slowly blended using a leaf blade until smooth and uniform as 10% w/w purified water is added. Next the invert sugar solution and purified water is combined with the fondant and mixed thoroughly.
  • Bob syrup prepared by cooking a mixture of granulated sucrose, 42 DE corn syrup, and water (75:7:18% w/w) to 87% solids or about 115° C., is added to the fondant/invert sugar mixture and blended until uniform (approximately 2 minutes). While maintaining this mixture at 90-95° C., acetaminophen is added and the mixture is uniformly blended.
  • the acetaminophen/fondant blend is transferred to heated reservoirs.
  • the reservoirs are described in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/966,497, pages 27-51 and depicted as 206 in FIG. 4 therein.
  • the acetaminophen/fondant blend is maintained within the reservoirs at 90-95° C. and slowly stirred by means of a motorized mixing blade (not shown).
  • the reservoirs 206 are covered and pressurized to about 150 psi or sufficient pressure to allow the acetaminophen/fondant blend to flow to a thermal cycle molding module having the specific configuration shown in FIG. 26A of copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/966,497.
  • the thermal cycle molding module comprises center mold assemblies 212 and upper mold assemblies 214 as shown in FIG. 26C, which mate to form mold cavities.
  • the mold assemblies are isothermally cooled to about 10° C.
  • Acetaminophen/fondant blend is injected into the mold cavities.
  • the supersaturated sugar solution is shock crystallized and sets as a firm solid mass containing suspended acetaminophen crystals.
  • the mold assemblies are opened and the finished dosage forms are ejected from the thermal cycle molding module and conveyed to a drier to thoroughly harden.
  • the dosage forms are optionally finished in a coating pan to provide added color, flavor, gloss, or smoothness.

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US10/476,514 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Edible composition and dosage form comprising an edible shell Abandoned US20040170750A1 (en)

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US09/967,414 US6742646B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms
US09966450 2001-09-28
US09/966,450 US6982094B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms
US09966509 2001-09-28
US09/966,509 US6767200B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms
US09967414 2001-09-28
US09966939 2001-09-28
US09966497 2001-09-28
US09/966,497 US7122143B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Methods for manufacturing dosage forms
US09/966,939 US6837696B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Apparatus for manufacturing dosage forms
PCT/US2002/031164 WO2003026616A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Edible composition and dosage form comprising an edible shell
US10/476,514 US20040170750A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Edible composition and dosage form comprising an edible shell

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US10/476,514 Abandoned US20040170750A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Edible composition and dosage form comprising an edible shell
US10/477,334 Expired - Fee Related US7968120B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Modified release dosage forms
US10/476,238 Abandoned US20040241236A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Modified release dosage forms
US10/476,529 Abandoned US20050019407A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Composite dosage forms
US10/476,530 Expired - Fee Related US8545887B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Modified release dosage forms
US10/476,504 Abandoned US20040213848A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Modified release dosage forms
US10/484,485 Abandoned US20040241208A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Fondant-based pharmaceutical composition
US10/432,488 Abandoned US20040062804A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Modified release dosage forms
US10/393,752 Expired - Fee Related US7635490B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-03-21 Modified release dosage form
US10/393,871 Expired - Fee Related US7416738B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-03-21 Modified release dosage form
US10/393,610 Abandoned US20030219484A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-03-21 Immediate release dosage form comprising shell having openings therein
US10/393,765 Abandoned US20040018327A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-03-21 Delayed release dosage forms
US10/393,638 Abandoned US20030232082A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-03-21 Modified release dosage forms
US12/049,628 Abandoned US20080305150A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2008-03-17 Polymer Composition And Dosage Forms Comprising The Same
US12/391,475 Expired - Fee Related US7972624B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2009-02-24 Method of manufacturing modified release dosage forms

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US10/476,238 Abandoned US20040241236A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Modified release dosage forms
US10/476,529 Abandoned US20050019407A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Composite dosage forms
US10/476,530 Expired - Fee Related US8545887B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Modified release dosage forms
US10/476,504 Abandoned US20040213848A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Modified release dosage forms
US10/484,485 Abandoned US20040241208A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Fondant-based pharmaceutical composition
US10/432,488 Abandoned US20040062804A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2002-09-28 Modified release dosage forms
US10/393,752 Expired - Fee Related US7635490B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-03-21 Modified release dosage form
US10/393,871 Expired - Fee Related US7416738B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-03-21 Modified release dosage form
US10/393,610 Abandoned US20030219484A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-03-21 Immediate release dosage form comprising shell having openings therein
US10/393,765 Abandoned US20040018327A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-03-21 Delayed release dosage forms
US10/393,638 Abandoned US20030232082A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2003-03-21 Modified release dosage forms
US12/049,628 Abandoned US20080305150A1 (en) 2001-09-28 2008-03-17 Polymer Composition And Dosage Forms Comprising The Same
US12/391,475 Expired - Fee Related US7972624B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2009-02-24 Method of manufacturing modified release dosage forms

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NO20032363D0 (no) 2003-05-26
CA2461865A1 (en) 2003-04-03
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US20030232082A1 (en) 2003-12-18
US20080305150A1 (en) 2008-12-11
KR20040037203A (ko) 2004-05-04
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WO2003026629A2 (en) 2003-04-03
EP1438030A2 (en) 2004-07-21
US20030219484A1 (en) 2003-11-27
BR0213591A (pt) 2004-08-31
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EP1429724B1 (en) 2013-11-06
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JP2005509604A (ja) 2005-04-14
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ATE476957T1 (de) 2010-08-15
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US20030235616A1 (en) 2003-12-25
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US7972624B2 (en) 2011-07-05
DE60223269D1 (de) 2007-12-13
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