TWI410488B - 冷凍機油組成物 - Google Patents
冷凍機油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明係關於冷凍機油組成物,特別係關於具有低黏度、經改良的節約能源效果、良好的可密封性和極佳的承載耐久力之冷凍機油組成物,其適用於各式各樣冷凍應用範圍,特別是,用於密封系統冷凍機。
通常,壓縮型冷凍機由至少一壓縮機、冷凝機、膨脹機構(如,膨脹閥)和蒸發機和/或乾燥機所構成,且所具有的結構中,由冷凍劑和潤滑劑(冷凍機油)所構成的混合液體循環通過密閉系統。通常,因為壓縮機內側維持於高溫而冷卻機內側維持於低溫(雖然這些條件視冷凍機的類型而改變),所以,在壓縮型冷凍機中,要求在由低溫至高溫的寬溫度範圍內,混合液體循環通過系統且不使其相分離成冷凍劑和潤滑劑。混合液體中的冷凍劑和潤滑劑通常會分別在高溫和低溫側發生相分離情況。低溫側之相分離的最高溫度範圍以-10℃或更少為佳,-20℃或更少更佳,而高溫側之相分離的最低溫度範圍以30℃或更高為佳,40℃或更高更佳。如果混合液體於冷凍機的操作期間內發生相分離的情況,則這些設備的壽命或操作效能會明顯受到負面影響。例如,如果混合液體在壓縮機中相分離成冷凍劑和潤滑劑,於其可運動的零件處之潤滑作用欠佳,造成缺陷(如,卡住)並因此而顯著縮短設備的壽命。反之,如果相分離情況發生於蒸發機,則設備的熱交換效能會因為高黏稠性的潤滑劑存在於其中而受損。
目前,作為冷凍機之冷凍劑者主要是氯氟化碳(CFC)、氫氯氟化碳(HCFC)..等。然而,這些含有氯的化合物引發環境問題。因此,目前研究針對開發替代之不含氯的冷凍劑,如,氫氟碳化物(HFC)。但HFC曾被報導對於地球升溫具有不利影響。這些情況下,注意到適用於環境保護之所謂的天然冷凍劑,如,烴、氨和二氧化碳。
此外,因為潤滑劑用於冷凍劑以潤滑其可運動的零件,潤滑劑具有良好潤滑效能也很重要。特別地,因為壓縮機內部欲維持於高溫,潤滑劑所具有的黏度能夠維持提供良好潤滑性所須的油膜亦有其重要性。雖然潤滑劑所須黏度隨著壓縮機的類型和其使用條件而改變,潤滑劑於與冷凍劑混合之前的黏度(運動黏度,於40℃測定)以10至200平方毫米/秒為佳。一貫報導中指出,如果潤滑劑的黏度低於前述特定範圍,所形成的油膜減少,導致潤滑性欠佳,反之,如果潤滑劑的黏度高於前述特定範圍,則冷凍劑的熱交換效能會降低。
例如,揭示一種用於使用二氧化碳作為冷凍劑之蒸汽壓縮型冷凍機之潤滑劑組成物,其包含之潤滑劑基礎油的10%蒸餾點為400℃或更高,80%蒸餾點為600℃或更少(藉氣體層析蒸餾法測定)、於100℃測得的運動黏度是2至30平方毫米/秒,黏度指數是100或更高(如,參考日本專利申請公告第294886/2001號)。
前述日本專利申請案的實例中描述,潤滑劑組成物中所用的基礎油於40℃測得的運動黏度在17至70平方毫米/秒的範圍內。
使用具有此高黏度的冷凍機油之冷凍機無可避免地有能量消耗大的問題。因此,就節省冷凍機之能源的目的,針對降低冷凍機油之黏度及藉潤滑作用改良磨擦性質作研究。
例如,在用於冷儲存之冷凍機中,藉降低其中所用冷凍機油之黏度(VG32、22、15和10)而改良其節約能源效能。但當冷凍機油的黏度進一步降低時,會遇到密封性和潤滑性受損的問題。
就前述常見問題而發展本發明。本發明的目的是提供一種冷凍機油組成物,其具有低黏度、經改良的節約能源效果、良好的可密封性和極佳的承載耐久力且可適用於各式各樣冷凍應用範圍,特別是,用於密封系統冷凍機。
致力和廣泛研究的結果為發展出具有前述性質之冷凍機油組成物,發明者發現,使用含有比黏度低之氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物作為主要組份之基礎油,可達到本發明之目的。基於這些發現而完成本發明。
因此,本發明提供:(1)一種冷凍機油組成物,包含基礎油,此基礎油含有氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物作為主要組份且於40℃測得的運動黏度是1至8平方毫米/秒;(2)前述特點(1)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其中該基礎油的分子量是140至660;(3)前述特點(1)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其中該基礎油的閃點是100℃或更高;(4)前述特點(1)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其中該氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物製自具有5至20個碳原子的α-烯烴之寡聚物之氫化反應,而該α-烯烴寡聚物係藉由使用金屬芳香類觸媒而得到的;(5)前述特點(1)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其另包含至少一種選自極壓試劑(extreme pressure agent)、油性劑(oiliness agent)、抗氧化劑、酸清除劑和消沫劑之添加劑;(6)前述特點(1)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其中該組成物施用至使用以烴為基礎、以二氧化碳為基礎、以氫氟碳化物為基礎或以氨為基礎之冷凍劑的冷凍機;(7)前述特點(6)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其中該組成物施用至使用以烴為基礎之冷凍劑的冷凍機;(8)前述特點(6)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其中冷凍機包括由工程用塑膠材料製成的滑動部分,或者於其上施以有機塗膜或無機塗膜;(9)前述特點(8)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其中有機塗膜是聚四氟乙烯塗膜、聚醯亞胺塗膜或聚醯胺醯
亞胺塗膜;(10)前述特點(8)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其中無機塗膜是石墨膜、類似鑽石的碳膜、錫膜、鉻膜、鎳膜或鉬膜;(11)前述特點(1)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其中該組成物施用在用於汽車、氣體熱幫浦、通用空調設備、冷凍機、自動販賣機或玻璃陳列櫃之空調機之各式各樣的熱水供應系統或冷凍或加熱系統;及(12)前述特點(11)中所描述之冷凍機油組成物,其中系統中的水含量是以質量計之60ppm或更少,其中殘留的空氣含量是8kPa或更少。
根據本發明,提供一種冷凍機油組成物,其具有低黏度、經改良的節約能源效果、良好的可密封性和極佳的承載耐久力且可適用於各式各樣冷凍應用範圍,特別是,用於密封系統冷凍機。
於本發明之冷凍機油組成物中,使用含有氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物作為主要組份之基礎油。此處,"含有氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物作為基礎油中之主要組份"是指基礎油之氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物含量為50質量%或更高。氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物在基礎油中之含量以70質量%或更高為佳,90質量%或更高更佳,100質量%又更佳。
本發明中所用的基礎油於40℃測得的運動黏度是1至8平方毫米/秒。當基礎油的運動黏度是1平方毫米/秒或更高時,所得冷凍機油組成物可具有良好承載耐久力和良好密封性,然而當基礎油的運動黏度是8平方毫米/秒或更少時,所得冷凍機油組成物可以完全展現出具有改良能量節省效能之效果。於40℃測得之基礎油的運動黏度以1至6平方毫米/秒為佳,2至5平方毫米/秒更佳。
同樣地,基礎油的分子量以140至660為佳,140至340較佳,200至320更佳。基礎油的分子量在前述範圍內時,此基礎油可展現出所欲的運動黏度。基礎油的閃點以100℃或更高為佳,130℃或更高較佳,150℃或更高更佳。此外,關於基礎油的分子量分佈,基礎油的重量平均分子量對基礎油的數目平均分子量比以1.5或更少為佳,1.2或更少較佳。
於本發明中,只要基礎油可展現出前述性質,組成物除了氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物以外,亦可含有任何其他基礎油,其含量為50質量%或更少,30質量%或更少為佳,10質量%或更少更佳。但本發明之冷凍機油組成物以不含有氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物以外的其他基礎油更佳。
可以與氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物併用的其他基礎油的例子包括聚乙烯醚、聚氧化烯二醇衍生物、醚化合物、礦油、脂環族烴化合物和烷化的芳族烴化合物。
於本發明中,適合作為基礎油之主要組份之氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物係以產自氫化使用金屬芳香類觸媒而得之具有5至20個碳原子的α-烯烴寡聚物為佳。
具有5至20個碳原子的α-烯烴的例子包括1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二烯、1-十四烯、1-十六烯和1-十八烯。這些α-烯烴中,較佳者是1-己烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯和1-十二烯。這些α-烯烴可以單獨使用或者與其任何二或更多者合併使用。
此氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物可製自,如,下列方法。
首先,前述α-烯烴在金屬芳香類觸媒存在時聚合而得到α-烯烴寡聚物。關於該金屬芳香類觸媒,以使用具有共軛碳5員環的錯合物與含氧的有機鋁化合物之組合為佳,該錯合物含有屬於週期表第4族元素(即,金屬芳香類錯合物)。
金屬芳香類錯合物中所含之屬於週期表第4族元素的例子包括鈦、鋯和鉿。這些元素中,較佳者是鋯。同樣地,作為具有共軛碳5員環之錯合物,通常使用具有經取代或未經取代之環戊二烯基配位基的錯合物。
作為金屬芳香類錯合物,可使用適當地選自一般已知的化合物者。
適當的金屬芳香類錯合物的例子包括二氯化雙(正-十八基環戊二烯基)鋯、二氯化雙(三甲基矽基環戊二烯基)鋯、二氯化雙(四氫茚基)鋯、二氯化雙[(第三丁基二甲基矽基)環戊二烯基]鋯、二氯化雙(二-第三丁基
環戊二烯基)鋯、二氯化(亞乙基-雙茚基)鋯、二氯化雙環戊二烯基鋯、二氯化亞乙基雙(四氫茚基)鋯和二氯化雙[3,3-(2-甲基-苯並茚基)]二甲基矽烷二基鋯。這些金屬芳香類錯合物可以單獨使用或與其任二或多者合併使用。
另一方面,含氧的有機鋁化合物的例子包括甲基鋁氧烷、乙基鋁氧烷和異丁基鋁氧烷。這些含氧的有機鋁化合物可以單獨使用或與其任二或多者合併使用。
於寡聚合反應中,不須使用溶劑。寡聚合反應可於懸浮液、液態單體或惰性溶劑中進行。寡聚合反應於溶劑中進行時,所用溶劑可為,如,苯、乙苯、甲苯..等。此寡聚合反應以在過量的液態單體存在時進行為佳。
寡聚合反應的後處理中,觸媒藉任何已知的方法(如,水或醇加至反應系統中或以不含鹵素的酸處理該觸媒)加以鈍化,藉此中止寡聚合反應。
可於寡聚合反應之後,藉抽除而移除於寡聚合反應階段期間內製得的α-烯烴異構物副產物。或者,對寡聚合反應產物施以氫化處理且未自其中移除α-烯烴異構物之後,藉由對所得的氫化寡聚物施以蒸餾而移除α-烯烴異構物。
藉此處理之寡聚合反應產物之後以含水的鹼溶液或鹼的醇溶液處理,並自其中清洗出及移除觸媒組份。
藉此而得的α-烯烴寡聚物可為二聚物、三聚物或四聚物形式。本發明中,所用的α-烯烴寡聚物以1-辛烯二
聚物、1-癸烯二聚物、1-十二烯二聚物或這些二聚物之混合物為佳。
在金屬芳香類觸媒存在下製得的α-烯烴寡聚物含有雙鍵,特別地,終端亞乙烯基雙鍵的含量高。本發明中,這些雙鍵經氫化以將α-烯烴寡聚物轉化成飽和結構。
此氫化處理可於已知之以Ni或以Co為基礎的觸媒或以惰性金屬為基礎的觸媒(如,以Pd和以Pt為基礎的觸媒)存在時進行。氫化反應觸媒的例子包括經矽藻土承載的Ni觸媒、參乙醯基丙酮鈷/有機鋁觸媒、經活性碳承載的鈀觸媒和經氧化鋁承載的鉑觸媒。
此氫化反應通常於200℃或以下進行。更特定言之,使用以Ni為基礎的觸媒時,氫化反應溫度約150至200℃;使用以貴金屬為基礎的觸媒(如,以Pd和以Pt為基礎的觸媒)時,氫化反應溫度約50至150℃;使用均相還原劑(如,三乙醯基丙酮鈷/有機鋁)時,氫化反應溫度約20至100℃。同樣地,氫化反應中所用的氫氣壓由常壓至約20MPa。
藉此得到的氫化產物經蒸餾處理以得到具有所欲運動黏度的餾份,其可作為本發明的基礎油。
本發明之冷凍機油組成物亦可包含至少一種選自極壓試劑、油性劑、抗氧化劑、酸清除劑和消沫劑之添加劑。
極壓試劑的例子包括以磷為基礎的極壓試劑,如,磷酸鹽、磷酸、亞磷酸鹽、亞磷酸和其銨鹽。
這些以磷為基礎的極壓試劑中,就良好的極端壓力性質和磨擦性質,特別佳者是三甲苯基磷酸鹽、三硫代苯基磷酸鹽、三(壬基苯基)亞磷酸鹽、二油醯基亞磷酸氫鹽和2-乙基己基二苯基亞磷酸鹽。
此外,也可以使用羧酸的金屬鹽作為極壓試劑。羧酸的金屬鹽以具有3至60個碳原子的羧酸之金屬鹽為佳,具有3至30個碳原子的脂肪酸之金屬鹽較佳,具有12至30個碳原子的脂肪酸之金屬鹽更佳。極壓試劑的其他例子包括這些脂肪酸的二聚酸或三聚酸的金屬鹽及具有3至30個碳原子的二羧酸之金屬鹽。這些極壓試劑中,較佳者是具有12至30個碳原子的脂肪酸和具有3至30個碳原子的二羧酸之金屬鹽。
同樣地,構成金屬鹽之金屬元素以鹼金屬或鹼土金屬為佳,鹼金屬較佳。
前述所揭示者以外的其他極壓試劑包括以硫為基礎的極壓試劑,其例子如,為硫化的脂肪和油、硫化的脂肪酸、硫化的酯、硫化的烯烴、二烴基多硫化物、硫代胺基甲酸酯、硫萜和二烷基硫代二丙酸鹽。
就潤滑性質和安定性的觀點,以組成物總量為基礎,極壓試劑的摻合量通常是0.001至5質量%,以0.005至3質量%為佳。
這些極壓試劑可以單獨使用或二或多者併用。
油性劑的例子包括脂族飽和或不飽和單羧酸(如,硬脂酸和油酸)、聚合的脂肪酸(如,二聚酸和氫化的二聚酸)、羥基脂肪酸(如,蓖麻油酸和12-羥基硬脂酸)、脂族飽和或不飽和單醇(如,月桂醇和油醇)、脂族飽和或不飽和的單胺(如,硬脂胺和油胺)、脂族飽和或不飽和的單羧酸醯胺(如,月桂醯胺和油醯胺)和多羥基醇(如,甘油和山梨糖醇)與脂族不飽和或飽和的單羧酸之部分酯類。
這些油性劑可以單獨使用或與其任何二或更多者併用。以組成物之總量為基礎,此油性劑的摻合量通常是0.01至10質量%,以0.1至5質量%為佳。
抗氧化劑的例子包括以酚為基礎之抗氧化劑(如,2,6-二-第三丁基-4-甲基酚、2,6-二-第三丁基-4-乙基酚和2,2'-伸甲基雙(4-甲基-6-第三丁基酚))和以胺為基礎的抗氧化劑(如,苯基-α-萘基胺和N,N'-二苯基-對-伸苯基二胺)。就良好效果和經濟優點觀之,以組成物之總量為基礎,摻合之抗氧化劑的量通常是0.01至5質量%,以0.05至3質量%為佳。
酸清除劑的例子包括苯基縮水甘油醚、烷基縮水甘油醚、伸烷二醇縮水甘油醚、1,2-環氧環己烷、氧化α-烯(α-olefinoxide)和環氧化物(如,環氧化的大豆油)。就良好相容性的觀點,這些酸清除劑中,較佳者是苯基縮水甘油醚、烷基縮水甘油醚、伸烷二醇縮水甘油醚、1,2-環氧環己烷和氧化α-烯。
烷基縮水甘油醚中所含的烷基和伸烷二醇縮水甘油醚中所含的伸烷基可為支鏈或非支鏈和,且通常各具有3至30個碳原子,以4至24個碳原子為佳,6至16個碳原子更佳。本發明中,就良好效果和防止形成淤渣的觀點,以組成物總量為基礎,摻合的這些酸清除劑的量通常是0.005至5質量%,以0.05至3質量%為佳。
本發明中,於其中摻入酸清除劑可改良冷凍機油組成物的安定性,酸清除劑與極壓試劑和抗氧化劑併用,可進一步改良冷凍機油組成物的安定性。
消沫劑的例子包括矽酮油和氟化的矽酮油。
除非添加劑之添加會對本發明之目的造成負面影響,否則本發明之冷凍機油組成物另可含有各種其他已知的添加劑。其他已知添加劑的例子包括鋼鈍化劑,如,N-[N,N'-二烷基(C3
至C1 2
烷基)胺基甲基]甲苯***。
本發明之冷凍機油組成物可以適當地施用至使用以烴為基礎、以二氧化碳為基礎、以氫氟碳化物為基礎或以氨為基礎之冷凍劑的冷凍機,特別是,使用以烴為基礎之冷凍劑的冷凍機。
製造使用本發明之冷凍機油組成物之冷凍機的方法中,前述各種冷凍劑和冷凍機油組成物的用量使得冷凍劑與冷凍機油組成物的質量比是99/1至10/90,95/5至30/70更佳。所用的冷凍劑的量低於前述範圍時,冷凍效能會受損。所用冷凍劑的量超過前述範圍時,潤滑效能會受損。本發明之冷凍機油組成物可施用於各種冷凍機,特別地,適用於壓縮型冷凍機的壓縮再冷凍循環。
施以本發明之冷凍機油組成物的冷凍機具有基本上由壓縮機、冷凝機、膨脹系統(如,膨脹閥)和蒸發機或壓縮機、冷凝機、膨脹系統、乾燥機和蒸發機所構成的冷凍循環。如前述者,冷凍機中,它們可以使用本發明之冷凍機油組成物作為冷凍機油和各種冷凍劑。
較佳地,此乾燥機以孔徑0.33奈米或更少的沸石製成的乾燥劑填充。沸石的例子包括天然沸石和合成沸石。較佳地,此沸石於25℃、CO2
氣體分壓為33kPa時測得的CO2
氣體吸收率是1.0%或更少。具有此吸收率之合成沸石的特定例子包括Union Showa Co.,Ltd.提供之註冊名稱"XH-9"、"XH-600"..等者。
本發明中,使用此乾燥劑時,有效地自冷凍循環移除水且未吸收存在於冷凍循環中的冷凍劑。同時,因為此乾燥劑本身避免因為受損而粉化,因此,可以防止管線被粉末所堵塞或者因為粉末進入壓縮機的滑動部分而導致的不正常磨損。因此,冷凍機可以長時間安定地操作。
施以本發明之冷凍機油組成物的冷凍機中,各種滑動部分(如,軸承)位於其壓縮機中。本發明中,就良好密封性的觀點,較佳地,這些滑動部分製自工程塑膠材料,或者於其上施以有機塗膜或無機塗膜。
就良好密封性、滑動性和耐磨性的觀點,較佳工程塑膠材料包括聚醯胺樹脂、聚苯硫樹脂和聚縮醛樹脂。
就良好密封性、滑動性和耐磨性的觀點,有機塗膜的例子包括含氟的樹脂塗膜(如,聚四氟乙烯塗膜)、聚醯亞胺塗膜和聚醯胺醯亞胺塗膜。
就良好密封性、滑動性和耐磨性的觀點,無機塗膜的例子包括石墨膜、類似鑽石的碳膜、鎳膜、鉬膜、錫膜和鉻膜。這些無機塗膜可藉電鍍處理或PVD(物理蒸鍍法)法形成。
此外,滑動部分可製自慣用的合金材料,如,以Fe為基礎的合金、以Al為基礎的合金和以Cu為基礎的合金。
本發明之冷凍機油組成物可適用於汽車、氣體熱幫浦、通用空調設備、冷凍機、自動販賣機或陳列櫃之空調機之各種的熱水供應系統或冷凍與加熱系統。
本發明中,這些系統的水含量是以質量計之60ppm或更少為佳,以質量計之50ppm或更少更佳。系統中的殘留空氣含量以8kPa或更少為佳,7kPa或更少更佳。
本發明之冷凍機油組成物由含有氫化的α-烯烴寡聚物作為主要組份的基礎油所構成並可具有低黏度、改良的節約能源效果和和極佳的承載耐久力。
將藉由參考下列實例,更詳細地描述本發明。但應注意這些實例僅作說明之用並不欲限制本發明。同時,藉下列方法測定基礎油和冷凍機油組成物的各種性質。
根據JIS K2283-1983,使用玻璃毛細管黏度計。
根據JIS K2265,藉C.O.C.法測定。
使用Falex咬損測試器(seizure tester)依據ASTM D3233測量。在下面條件下實施咬損負荷的測量:旋轉速度:290rpm;針的材料:AISIC 1137;滑車的材料:SAE3135;冷凍劑(異丁烷)的起泡量:5 L/h。
由Fe、Cu和Al構成的觸媒引至玻璃管中。此外,樣品油和冷凍劑(異丁烷)以樣品油與冷凍劑為4毫升/1克的比例填入玻璃管中,之後封住玻璃管。使玻璃管的內容物於175℃靜置30天,之後觀察以評估或測定各種油和觸媒的外觀、其中有或無淤渣及其酸值。
使用短循環試驗機(往復型冷凍機;毛細管長度:1米),於下列條件下進行1000小時期間試驗,以測定試驗之後的毛細管流量降低率:排放壓力Pd
/吸氣壓力Ps
:3.3MPa/0.4MPa;排放側溫度Td
/吸氣側溫度Ts
:110℃/30℃;和樣品油量/冷凍劑("R600a":異丁烷)量:400克/400克。
使用各種滑動組件作為活塞,比較由介於活塞和汽缸之間的空隙所排出之鼓動的氣體量。將參考例1中得到的鼓動氣體量視為10,各鼓動氣體量以計算所得的指數表示。
製備附表1中所示的冷凍機油和冷凍機油組成物,以其進行卡住載量測定和密封管試驗。其結果示於附表1。
由附表1,證實相較於比較例1和2中得到者,根據本發明之實例1至9得到的冷凍機油組成物皆具有高卡住載量及良好的密封管試驗結果。比較例3中得到的冷凍機油組成物具有相當高的卡住載量,但於-10℃為固體狀態。
附表2中所列的樣品油進行短循環試驗。其結果示於附表2。
由附表2,證實實例10至15中得到的冷凍機油組成物於系統中之水含量低於以質量計之60ppm,殘留氣體含量低於8kPa,因此,顯示於短循環試驗中之良好結果。
另一方面,實例16至18中得到的冷凍機油組成物於系統中之水含量高於以質量計之60ppm或殘留氣體含量高於8kPa。因此,實例16至18中得到的短循環試驗結果略不及於實例10至15中所得者。
此外,比較例4至6中得到的冷凍機油組成物進行短循環試驗時,壓縮機卡住或毛細管堵塞。
使用附表3中所列的樣品油,附表3中所示的滑動組件進行密封性比較試驗。其結果示於附表3。
由附表3:證實實例19至22中得到的冷凍機油組成物的鼓動氣體量皆小,因此,相較於參考例1所得者,其密封性良好。
本發明之冷凍機油組成物具有低黏度、改良的節約能源效果、良好的可密封性和極佳的承載耐久力並且,因此,可適用於各種冷凍應用範圍,特別是,用於密封系統冷凍機。
Claims (10)
- 一種冷凍機油組成物,其係使用於冷凍機之冷凍機油組成物,該冷凍機係為滑動部分為由工程用塑膠材料所構成者,或具有有機塗膜或無機塗膜者,其特徵為包含基礎油,該基礎油含有分子量140~340之α-烯烴寡聚物之氫化物作為主要組份且於40℃測得的運動黏度是1至8平方毫米/秒,而該α-烯烴寡聚物係將藉由使用金屬芳香類(metallocene)觸媒所得之碳數5~20之α-烯烴之寡聚物予以氫化所得者。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機油組成物,其中該基礎油的分子量是140至282。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機油組成物,其中該基礎油的閃點是100℃以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1~3項中任一項之冷凍機油組成物,其另包含至少一種選自極壓試劑(extreme pressure agent)、油性劑(oiliness agent)、抗氧化劑、酸清除劑和消沫劑之添加劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機油組成物,其中該組成物施用至使用以烴為基礎、以二氧化碳為基礎、以氫氟碳化物為基礎或以氨為基礎之冷凍劑的冷凍機。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之冷凍機油組成物,其中該組成物施用至使用以烴為基礎之冷凍劑的冷凍機。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機油組成物,其中該有機塗膜是聚四氟乙烯塗膜、聚醯亞胺塗膜或聚醯胺醯亞胺塗膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機油組成物,其中該無機塗膜是石墨膜、類似鑽石的碳膜、錫膜、鉻膜、鎳膜或鉬膜。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之冷凍機油組成物,其中該組成物施用在用於汽車、氣體熱幫浦、通用空調設備、冷凍機、自動販賣機或玻璃陳列櫃之空調機之各種熱水供應系統或冷凍或加熱系統。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之冷凍機油組成物,其中該系統中的水含量是以質量計之60ppm或更少,且其中殘留的空氣含量是8kPa以下。
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