TWI392842B - 回流凝結器 - Google Patents

回流凝結器 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI392842B
TWI392842B TW096128939A TW96128939A TWI392842B TW I392842 B TWI392842 B TW I392842B TW 096128939 A TW096128939 A TW 096128939A TW 96128939 A TW96128939 A TW 96128939A TW I392842 B TWI392842 B TW I392842B
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heat exchanger
gas passage
refrigerant
reflux condenser
phase separation
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TW096128939A
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TW200827648A (en
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Thomas Hecht
Sepp Schuhbeck
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Linde Ag
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04624—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using integrated mass and heat exchange, so-called non-adiabatic rectification, e.g. dephlegmator, reflux exchanger
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/007—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger combined with mass exchange, i.e. in a so-called dephlegmator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/02—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a single pressure main column system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/32—Details on header or distribution passages of heat exchangers, e.g. of reboiler-condenser or plate heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Description

回流凝結器
本發明關於一種依據申請專利範圍第1項之序文部分所述之回流凝結器。
已知有兩種基本形式的回流凝結器。一種為熱交換器區塊(或其他複數個熱交換器區塊)被配置於壓力容器的內側中，如歐洲第1189000 A2號專利中所示，另一種為熱交換器區塊於所有的側邊上藉由集管箱所關閉，如美國第6128920號專利中所示。本發明係關於第一種形式的變化。
回流凝結器的回流通道受到從下蒸氣的影響。當蒸氣部分在回流通道中上升時，上述蒸氣部分部分地凝結。回流通道係以此種方式構成，使得回流液體不被傳輸，反而往下流動。因為蒸氣和液體反方向流動的關係，精餾發生於回流通道中。於下端露出之液體富有較不易蒸發的成分，而於頂端露出的蒸氣則為更易蒸發的成分。
回流凝結器(同時也稱作精餾器)可單獨作為分離單元而使用。作為一種選擇，其可使用作為一分離塔的頂端凝結器且加強其分離動作。
空間名詞諸如”於頂端處”、”於底部處”、”側面地”等等在此通常意指回流凝結器於正確操作期間時的方向。
因此，本發明主要目的係基於改良於開始所提及之該種類型回流凝結器之的經濟效益，且特別係為了達到有利的製造及/或操作成本。
此目的可藉由該等回流通道在它們之下側端部處與配置於該熱交換器區塊底部之一集管箱連通，並具有相分離裝置。
上述集管箱係由用以將蒸氣引進該等回流通道的下側區域之至少部分機構和用以將液體引導離開該等回流通道的下側區域之至少部分機構所構成。
儘管依據本發明之回流凝結器的熱交換器區塊係安裝於壓力容器的內側中，其回流通道係不開啟於壓力容器和熱交換器區塊間的中間空間，而係具有一集管箱。此配置一開始似乎是過度地複雜，但具有可將一相分離裝置配置於該集管箱中之優點，因此而使得蒸氣和液體可在回流通道之下面有效地彼此分離。因此而特別地預防液體藉由蒸氣流而傳輸。大體上，一特別高程度的熱和物質交換操作之效率可於該回流凝結器中達到。
依據本發明結構的另一優點為，壓力容器的內側，即介於壓力容器和熱交換器區塊間之中間空間，可用於不同的目的，且也可具有較回流通道不同之壓力。
熱交換器區塊係較佳地製造成一薄片式熱交換器，特別地為一焊接之鋁薄片式熱交換器。
如果配置於集管箱中之相分離裝置具有一基底係有利的，其中該基底包含至少一個氣體通道開口及該氣體通道開口於其設置上側具有一用於滯留液體之邊緣部。
因此，從回流通道露出之液體被收集於該基底上。稍後進入回流通道上之上升蒸氣經由氣體通道開口而流經滯留液體，其無須遭受一實質壓力損失且無須在過程中傳輸液滴。
氣體通道開口之邊緣部可藉由一或多個垂直壁而形成，在最簡單的方式中，係藉由以一具有垂直軸對稱之圓柱外殼形狀之壁而形成。然而，亦可想像其他的邊緣部形狀，如較寬或錐形的形狀。較佳地邊緣部，直接配置於氣體通道開口之邊緣，但也可位於與該氣體通道開口之邊緣部相距某一距離處。
氣體通道開口之下側可以流至一分離塔的頂端之方式予以連接，使得頂端處移出之氣體流進該回流通道。
熱交換器區塊之相分離裝置具有，如一至十個氣體通道開口，較佳地為二至六個氣體通道開口。
較佳地相分離裝置，具有至少一支排出管，用於在該基底上滯留之液體。在基底上被捕捉之液體經由上述排出管而被引導從進入之蒸氣流離開。
排出管可以如流至一液體分配器之方式連接，該液體分配器分配形成於回流通道中之液體至一分離塔之物質熱交換區，該分離塔包含分類填料或填充物。在一板型塔的例子中，排出管在板型塔上開啟。
如果在氣體通道開口之上配置有與該基底相距一距離之一覆蓋部，且該覆蓋部覆蓋至少該氣體通道開口之截面區域的部分，係更有利的。以此預防從回流通道大量降下的液體進入該氣體通道開口。覆蓋部較佳地覆蓋氣體通道開口的全部截面區域。從該基底或從該邊緣部的上邊緣之垂直距離被以此種方式選擇，使得蒸氣可流動經過而不會在壓力上有重大的損失。全部的結構可依據煙囪座基本原則來設計。
相較於傳統具有管狀連接之集管箱，在本發明中，進入之蒸氣可提供實質上較大量的截面積。相分離裝置之氣體通道開口的截面區域較佳地總計為該熱交換器區塊之下側端面之至少四十分之一，尤其為至少二十分之一，特別地為至少十分之一。如果該相分離裝置具有超過一個氣體通道開口，此尺寸為應用至所有氣體通道開口之截面區域的總和。
集管箱可具有平面的，特別為矩形的側壁，該等側壁被連接至該熱交換器區塊的各個下側。此外，該集管箱可具有一基底，該基底也形成該相分離裝置之基底。例如，其全部係為一立方體的形狀，其上端面係藉由熱交換器區塊的下端面所形成。
用以將冷凍劑引進該冷凍劑通道之機構係設計成該熱交換器區塊之側壁開口，藉此該冷凍劑通道與在壓力槽和該熱交換器區塊之間的中間空間連通。因此，上述中間空間可被用以帶入冷凍劑而無須一用於此目的之集管箱。如果冷凍劑被以液體形式引進，介於壓力槽和熱交換器區塊之間的中間空間可被用作為一液體槽。接著側壁開口以此種方式配置，使得側壁開口位於在回流凝結器操作期間時的液體表面之下。側壁開口可被配置於熱交換器區塊的一或兩個側面上。
冷凍劑通道較佳地在熱交換器區塊的上側向上開啟。因此使得冷凍劑通道以一慣常的循環蒸發器(槽蒸發器)之方式，藉由溫差循環系統效應之幫助，無須在該冷凍劑側上需要集管箱而運作。接著熱交換器區塊除了所述用於回流通道之集管箱外，只在下端部另具有一集管箱，該另一集管箱作為將回流通道之上區域的蒸氣抽出用。
本發明也關於依據申請專利範圍第9項之一回流凝結氣之使用。
一熱交換器區塊1配置於一壓力容器2之內側。其係設計成如一焊接鋁薄片熱交換器且在一替代方式中，具有回流通道和冷凍劑通道，該等通道未詳細地描繪。
在該較佳實施例中，冷凍劑通道作用如一循環蒸發器。液體冷凍劑經由一連接支管4而被引進介於壓力槽3和熱交換器區塊1間的中央空間3，於此形成一液體槽。液體5從槽流出經由冷凍劑通道的側壁開口而進入冷凍劑通道。藉由溫差循環系統效應，一兩相混合物在冷凍劑通道中被引導向上且在熱交換器區塊1的上側上，從開啟於該點之冷凍劑通道露出。氣態的冷凍劑6經由一氣體線7而被抽離，且保持液態之冷凍劑8落回液體槽。
回流通道係開啟於其下端部處且與一集管箱連通，該集管箱係配置於熱交換器區塊1之下方。集管箱具有四矩形側壁9、10、11、12和一基底13。基底13也同時形成一相分離裝置之基底，且在該例子中，具有四個氣體通道開口14、15、16、17。於氣體通道開口其上側處分別設置有邊緣部18，該邊緣部18用以滯留液體。滯留之液體可經由一排出管19而流出。各個覆蓋部20、21配置於氣體通道開口之上。
回流凝結器係直接地配置於一分離塔之頂端。塔壁22在第1圖中由虛線指出。蒸氣23經由氣體通道開口從塔頂端流出，並藉由覆蓋部20、21而被轉向(箭頭24)，且最後流進回流通道(25)。形成於回流通道中之液體(26)從其下端部處顯露，如果適當地衝擊於一個覆蓋部20、21，則被滯留在基底13上液體(26)最終經由排出管19(27，28)而流出。而保持氣態之部分經由側壁集管箱29和一氣體排出管30而從回流通道頂端處抽離。
1．．．熱交換器區
2．．．壓力容器
3．．．中間空間
4．．．連接支管
5．．．液體
6．．．冷凍劑
7．．．氣體線
8．．．冷凍劑
9．．．矩形側壁
10．．．矩形側壁
11．．．矩形側壁
12．．．矩形側壁
13．．．基底
14．．．氣體通道開口
15．．．氣體通道開口
16．．．氣體通道開口
17．．．氣體通道開口
18．．．邊緣部
19．．．排出管
20．．．覆蓋部
21．．．覆蓋部
22．．．塔壁
23．．．蒸氣
24．．．箭頭
25．．．回流通道
26．．．液體
27．．．排出管
28．．．排出管
29．．．側壁集管箱
30．．．氣體排出管
本發明和本發明之細節係配合概要描繪於圖式中之一實施例而說明於下。
第1圖顯示一縱向斷面圖；及第2圖顯示在第1圖A－A平面中一截面圖。
1．．．熱交換器區
2．．．壓力容器
3．．．中間空間
4．．．連接支管
5．．．液體
6．．．冷凍劑
7．．．氣體線
8．．．冷凍劑
9．．．矩形側壁
10．．．矩形側壁
13．．．基底
18．．．邊緣部
19．．．排出管
20．．．覆蓋部
21．．．覆蓋部
22．．．塔壁
23．．．蒸氣
24．．．箭頭
25．．．回流通道
26．．．液體
27．．．排出管
28．．．排出管
29．．．側壁集管箱
30．．．氣體排出管

Claims (7)

  1. 一種回流凝結器，其包含一熱交換器區塊(1)，該熱交換器區塊具有多數回流通道和冷凍劑通道；一壓力容器(2)，於頂端和側面地包圍該熱交換器區塊(1)；用以將蒸氣引進該等回流通道的下側區域之複數個機構(14,15,16,17)；用以將液體引導離開該等回流通道的下側區域之機構(19)；用以將蒸氣抽離該等回流通道的上側區域之複數個機構(29,30)；和將冷凍劑引進該等冷凍劑通道之機構，其特徵在於，該等回流通道在它們之下側端部處與配置於該熱交換器區塊(1)底部之一集管箱連通，並具有相分離裝置；該相分離裝置具有一基底(13)，該基底包含至少一個氣體通道開口(14,15,16,17)及該氣體通道開口於其上側設置有一用於滯留液體之邊緣部(18)；及該相分離裝置具有至少一支排出管(19)，用於在該基底(13)上滯留之液體。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之回流凝結器，其中在該氣體通道開口(14,15,16,17)之上側，配置有距離該基底(13)一距離之覆蓋部(20,21)，該覆蓋部(20,21)至少覆蓋部分的該氣體通道開口之截面區域。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之回流凝結器，其中該氣體通道開口的截面區域或該相分離裝置之該等氣體通道開口(14,15,16,17)的所有截面區域的總合，總計為該熱交換 器區塊(1)之下側端面之至少四十分之一，尤其為至少二十分之一，特別地為至少十分之一。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之回流凝結器，其中該集管箱具有平面的，特別為矩形的側壁(9,10,11,12)，該等側壁被連接至該熱交換器區塊(1)的各個下緣。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之回流凝結器，其中該集管箱具有一基底，該基底也形成該相分離裝置之基底。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項之回流凝結器，其中用以將冷凍劑引進該冷凍劑通道之該機構係設計成該熱交換器區塊(1)之側壁開口，藉此該冷凍劑通道與在壓力槽(2)和該熱交換器區塊(1)之間的中間空間(3)連通。
  7. 一種使用如申請專利範圍第1至6項中任一項之回流凝結器，作為一分離塔之頂端凝結器。
TW096128939A 2006-08-08 2007-08-07 回流凝結器 TWI392842B (zh)

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JP2008039386A (ja) 2008-02-21
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