CN101153765B - 回流冷凝器 - Google Patents
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- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
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- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
- F25J5/007—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger combined with mass exchange, i.e. in a so-called dephlegmator
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- F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
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- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
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- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
- F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种回流冷凝器,该回流冷凝器具有至少一个热交换器块(1),所述热交换器块具有一些回流通道和一些制冷介质通道,该回流冷凝器具有一个压力容器(2),该压力容器在上面和侧面包围所述热交换器块(1)。设置有用于将蒸汽输入到这些回流通道的下部区域中的装置(14,15,16,17)、用于将液体从这些回流通道的下部区域输出的装置(19)、用于将蒸汽从这些回流通道的上部区域抽出的装置(29,30)以及用于将制冷介质输入到这些制冷介质通道中的装置。这些回流通道在它们的下端部上与一个集管相连通,该集管设置在所述热交换器块(1)下方并且具有一个相分离装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种回流冷凝器。
背景技术
已公知了两种基本结构形式的回流冷凝器。或者热交换器块(或多个热交换器块)设置在压力容器的内部,这就像例如EP 1189000 A2中所描述的那样,或者热交换器块在所有侧通过集管封闭,参见例如US 6128920。本发明涉及第一种方案。
给回流冷凝器的回流通道从下面加载以蒸汽。蒸汽在回流通道中上升时部分冷凝。在此对回流通道这样设计结构,使得冷凝的液体不被一起带走,而是向下流动。通过蒸汽和液体的对流而在回流通道中进行蒸馏。在下端部上排出的液体富含较难于挥发的组分,在上面排出的蒸汽富含较易于挥发的组分。
回流冷凝器(也称作分馏器)可作为单独的分离单元来使用。作为替换方案,该回流冷凝器可作为分离塔的塔顶冷凝器来使用并且增强该分离塔的分离效果。
空间概念如“上面”、“下面”、“侧面”等在此总是涉及回流冷凝器在符合规定地工作时的取向。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务在于,改进开头所述类型的回流冷凝器的经济性并且获得特别有利的制造成本和/或工作成本。
该任务这样来解决:在压力容器与热交换器块之间具有中间空间,回流通道在它们的下端部上与一个集管相连通,该集管设置在热交换器块下方并且具有一个相分离装置。
该集管是用于将蒸汽输入到回流通道的下部区域中的装置的和用于将液体从回流通道的下部区域输出的装置的至少一部分。
尽管根据本发明的回流冷凝器的热交换器块安装在压力容器的内部,但该热交换器块的回流通道相对于压力容器与热交换器块之间的中间空间不敞开,而是具有一个集管。这首先显得过度费事,但具有优点:在集管中可设置一个相分离装置,该相分离装置允许蒸汽和液体在回流通道下方可彼此有效分离。由此尤其是避免液体被蒸汽流一起带走。总体而言获得回流冷凝器中热和物质交换过程的特别高的效能。
根据本发明的结构的另一个优点在于:压力容器的内部空间、即压力容器与热交换器块之间的中间空间可用于其它目的并且也可具有与回流通道不同的压力。
热交换器块优选制造成片式热交换器,尤其是制造成焊接的铝片式热交换器。
有利的是,设置在集管中的相分离装置具有一个底板,其中,该底板包括至少一个气体穿通孔并且气体穿通孔在其上侧上设置有用于拦截液体的镶边部。
由此使得从回流通道排出的液体在底板上聚集。上升的并且稍后进入到回流通道中的蒸汽经由气体穿通孔在所拦截的液体旁边流过,而没有遭受显著的压力损失并且在此情况下没有一起带走液体微滴。
气体穿通孔的镶边部可通过一个或多个垂直的壁来构成,在最简单的情况下通过圆柱壳状的具有垂直对称轴线的壁构成。但也可考虑其它形式的镶边部,例如扩张或收缩的形式。镶边部优选直接设置在气体穿通孔的边缘上,但也可相对于气体穿通孔的边缘具有一定距 离。
气体穿通孔的下侧可与分离塔的塔顶处于流动连接,由此使该分离塔的塔顶气体流入到回流通道中。
热交换器块的相分离装置具有例如一至十个气体穿通孔、优选二至六个气体穿通孔。
相分离装置优选具有至少一个用于排出被拦截在底板上的液体的排出管。通过所述排出管使捕集在底板上的液体与进入的蒸汽流分开地输出。
排出管例如可与一个液体分配器处于流动连接,该液体分配器将回流通道中形成的液体分配到分离塔的物质交换段上,该分离塔包含有规整的填料或填充体。在板式塔的情况下,排出管通到塔板上。
另外有利的是,在气体穿通孔上方相对于底板间隔开地设置有遮挡装置,所述遮挡装置遮蔽气体穿通孔的横截面面积的至少一部分。以此方式避免从回流通道落下来的液体到达气体穿通孔中。遮挡装置优选遮蔽气体穿通孔的整个横截面。相对于底板或相对于镶边部的上端部的垂直距离在此这样选择,使得蒸汽可在没有值得一提的压力损失的情况下流过去。整个结构可按照烟囱底板(Kaminboden)的原理来构造。
在本发明的范围内可比在具有管连接件的通常集管的情况下给进入的蒸汽提供显著大的横截面面积。相分离装置的气体穿通孔的横截面优选取值为热交换器块的下端面的至少四十分之一、尤其是至少二十分之一、特别是至少十分之一。如果相分离装置具有多于一个的气体穿通孔,则该尺度适用于所有气体穿通孔的横截面的总和。
集管可具有平的、尤其是矩形的侧壁,这些侧壁与热交换器块的下棱边相连接。此外,该集管可具有一个底板,该底板也构成相分离装置的底板。该集管总地例如具有长方体的形状,其上端面通过热交 换器块的下端面构成。
用于将制冷介质输入到制冷介质通道中的装置构造成热交换器块的侧面的孔,制冷介质通道通过这些侧面的孔与处于压力容器与热交换器块之间的中间空间相连通。由此该中间空间可用于引导制冷介质,而为此目的无需集管。如果制冷介质以液态输入,则压力容器与热交换器块之间的中间空间可用作液体浴。侧面的孔则这样布置,使得这些侧面的孔在回流冷凝器的工作中处于液体表面下方。这些侧面的孔可设置在热交换器块的一侧或两侧上。
此外,制冷介质通道优选在热交换器块的上侧向上敞开。以此方式可使制冷介质通道如常规循环蒸发器(浴式蒸发器)那样借助于热虹吸效应来工作,而在制冷介质侧无需集管。热交换器块于是除了下端部上的用于回流通道的所述集管之外仅具有另一个集管,该集管用作将蒸汽从回流通道的上部区域抽出的装置。
此外,本发明还涉及根据本发明的回流冷凝器的应用。
附图说明
下面借助于附图中示意性地示出的实施例对本发明以及本发明的其它细节进行详细描述。附图表示:
图1纵剖面,
图2平面A-A中的横剖面。
具体实施方式
热交换器块1设置在压力容器2的内部。该热交换器块构造成焊接的铝片式热交换器并且交替地具有未详细示出的回流通道和制冷介质通道。
在该实施例中制冷介质通道作为循环蒸发器工作。液态的制冷介 质通过接管4输入到压力容器2与热交换器块1之间的中间空间3中并且在那里形成液体浴。液体5通过制冷介质通道的一些侧面的孔从所述浴流入到制冷介质通道中。制冷介质通道中的两相混合物通过热虹吸效应向上引导并且在热交换器块1的上侧从在那里敞开的制冷介质通道排出。气态的制冷介质6通过一个气体管路7被抽出,剩下的液态的制冷介质8回落到液体浴中。
回流通道在它们的下端部上敞开并且与一个设置在热交换器块1下方的集管相连通。该集管具有四个矩形的侧壁9、10、11、12以及一个底板13。底板13同时构成一个相分离装置的底板并且在该例子中具有四个气体穿通孔14、15、16、17。这些气体穿通孔在它们的上侧上各设置有一个用于拦截液体的镶边部18。所拦截的液体可通过排出管19流出。在气体穿通孔上方各设置有一个遮挡装置20、21。
回流冷凝器直接设置在分离塔的塔顶上。图1中用虚线表明了塔壁22。来自塔顶的蒸汽23流动通过气体穿通孔,由遮挡装置20、21偏转(24)并且最后流入到回流通道中(25)。在回流通道中形成的液体(26)从这些回流通道的下端部排出,可能情况下碰到遮挡装置20、21中一个,被拦截在底板13上并且最后通过排出管19流出(27,28)。剩余的气态部分在上面通过一个侧面的集管29和一个气体输出管30从回流通道被抽出。
Claims (12)
1.回流冷凝器,其具有:至少一个热交换器块(1),所述热交换器块具有一些回流通道和一些制冷介质通道;一个压力容器(2),该压力容器在上面和侧面包围所述热交换器块(1);用于将蒸汽输入到这些回流通道的下部区域中的装置;用于将液体从这些回流通道的下部区域输出的装置;用于将蒸汽从这些回流通道的上部区域抽出的装置(29,30);以及用于将制冷介质输入到这些制冷介质通道中的装置,其特征在于:在所述压力容器(2)与所述热交换器块(1)之间具有中间空间(3),这些回流通道在它们的下端部上与一个集管相连通,该集管设置在所述热交换器块(1)下方并且具有一个相分离装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的回流冷凝器,其特征在于:该相分离装置具有一个底板(13),其中,该底板包括至少一个气体穿通孔(14,15,16,17)并且所述气体穿通孔在其上侧上设置有用于拦截液体的镶边部(18),所述至少一个气体穿通孔(14,15,16,17)作为所述用于将蒸汽输入到这些回流通道的下部区域中的装置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的回流冷凝器,其特征在于:该相分离装置具有至少一个用于排出被拦截在该底板(13)上的液体的排出管(19),所述排出管(19)作为所述用于将液体从这些回流通道的下部区域输出的装置。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的回流冷凝器,其特征在于:在所述气体穿通孔(14,15,16,17)上方相对于该底板(13)间隔开地设置有遮挡装置(20,21),所述遮挡装置遮蔽所述气体穿通孔的横截面面积的至少一部分。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的回流冷凝器,其特征在于:该相分离装置的气体穿通孔的横截面或所有气体穿通孔(14,15,16,17)的横截面总和取值为所述热交换器块(1)的下端面的至少四十分之一。
6.根据权利要求5所述的回流冷凝器,其特征在于:该相分离装置的气体穿通孔的横截面或所有气体穿通孔(14,15,16,17)的横截面总和取值为所述热交换器块(1)的下端面的至少二十分之一。
7.根据权利要求6所述的回流冷凝器,其特征在于:该相分离装置的气体穿通孔的横截面或所有气体穿通孔(14,15,16,17)的横截面总和取值为所述热交换器块(1)的下端面的至少十分之一。
8.根据权利要求1至3中一项所述的回流冷凝器,其特征在于:该集管具有平的侧壁(9,10,11,12),这些侧壁与所述热交换器块(1)的下棱边相连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的回流冷凝器,其特征在于:所述侧壁(9,10,11,12)呈矩形。
10.根据权利要求1至3中一项所述的回流冷凝器,其特征在于:该集管具有一个底板,该底板也构成该相分离装置的底板。
11.根据权利要求1至3中一项所述的回流冷凝器,其特征在于:所述用于将制冷介质输入到这些制冷介质通道中的装置构造成所述热交换器块(1)的侧面的孔,这些制冷介质通道通过这些侧面的孔与处于该压力容器(2)与所述热交换器块(1)之间的中间空间(3)相连通。
12.根据权利要求1至11中一项所述的回流冷凝器的应用,所述回流冷凝器用作分离塔的塔顶冷凝器。
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DE102006037058.9 | 2006-08-08 | ||
DE102006037058 | 2006-08-08 |
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US (1) | US8080092B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1890099A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2008039386A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101447458B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101153765B (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0703407B1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUE040267T2 (zh) |
LT (1) | LT1890100T (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2443953C2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI392842B (zh) |
UA (1) | UA100357C2 (zh) |
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DE202008013444U1 (de) | 2007-07-30 | 2009-02-12 | Linde Ag | Kondensator-Verdampfer |
EP2026025A1 (de) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-02-18 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Druckstickstoff durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft in einer Einzelsäule |
EP2313732A4 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2014-03-12 | Carrier Corp | FLOW AND INTEGRATED SUCTION VOLUME SEPARATION DEVICE FOR USE IN A HEAT EXCHANGER |
CN110494712B (zh) * | 2016-12-22 | 2021-02-26 | 艾威普科公司 | 微型管的空气冷却式工业蒸汽冷凝装置 |
JP7308237B2 (ja) * | 2021-03-12 | 2023-07-13 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 分縮器、塔頂分縮器、空気分離装置 |
USD1009296S1 (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2023-12-26 | Rolf Winter | Laboratory glassware |
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- 2007-07-06 HU HUE07013228A patent/HUE040267T2/hu unknown
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- 2007-08-06 JP JP2007204019A patent/JP2008039386A/ja active Pending
- 2007-08-07 TW TW096128939A patent/TWI392842B/zh active
- 2007-08-07 KR KR1020070079007A patent/KR101447458B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-08-07 RU RU2007130088/06A patent/RU2443953C2/ru active
- 2007-08-07 BR BRPI0703407-5A patent/BRPI0703407B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2007-08-08 UA UAA200709115A patent/UA100357C2/ru unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR101447458B1 (ko) | 2014-10-08 |
RU2007130088A (ru) | 2009-02-20 |
BRPI0703407A (pt) | 2008-04-01 |
HUE040267T2 (hu) | 2019-02-28 |
CN101153765A (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
KR20080013779A (ko) | 2008-02-13 |
TW200827648A (en) | 2008-07-01 |
BRPI0703407B1 (pt) | 2019-04-24 |
EP1890099A1 (de) | 2008-02-20 |
UA100357C2 (xx) | 2012-12-25 |
US20080035314A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
TWI392842B (zh) | 2013-04-11 |
RU2443953C2 (ru) | 2012-02-27 |
JP2008039386A (ja) | 2008-02-21 |
LT1890100T (lt) | 2018-08-27 |
US8080092B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 |
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