TW201715003A - 積層用接著劑、多層薄膜、及使用其之二次電池 - Google Patents
積層用接著劑、多層薄膜、及使用其之二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201715003A TW201715003A TW105127358A TW105127358A TW201715003A TW 201715003 A TW201715003 A TW 201715003A TW 105127358 A TW105127358 A TW 105127358A TW 105127358 A TW105127358 A TW 105127358A TW 201715003 A TW201715003 A TW 201715003A
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- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- film
- resin
- secondary battery
- acid
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Classifications
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- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J123/26—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
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- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J5/12—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives
- C08J5/124—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives using adhesives based on a macromolecular component
- C08J5/128—Adhesives without diluent
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
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Abstract
一種以具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)、硬化劑(B)、及苯乙烯樹脂(C)為必要成分的積層用接著劑,其中前述苯乙烯樹脂(C)的摻合比例係在相對於前述烯烴樹脂(A)的100質量份為0.01~1.5質量份的範圍內的積層用接著劑;以利用前述積層用接著劑將未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜和金屬薄膜接著的積層體為必要的薄膜結構的多層薄膜;及使用前述多層薄膜之二次電池。
Description
本發明係關於將二次電池中使用的電解質進行封裝用的積層用接著劑、使用其之積層體、及二次電池。
從高能量密度這樣的優點出發,鋰離子電池被廣泛用於資訊通訊機器及家電機器,特別是用作行動電源,此外,最近,從取代石油或對環境的負擔低等觀點出發,作為油電混合車、電動車等的驅動用電源,甚至作為太陽光發電、風力發電等的可再生能源系統中的電力貯存用電池,利用範圍正在擴大。
作為這樣的鋰離子電池的外觀形態,向來廣泛使用金屬製外殼的圓筒形狀或四方形形狀,近年來,使用樹脂薄膜和鋁箔的複合材的積層薄膜作為電池用外裝材的囊型鋰離子電池,或者是,將前述積層薄膜密封(seal)在利用深衝壓成形(deep draw forming)或擠脹成形(bulge forming)而形成有凹部的容器的壓紋狀鋰離子電池,與具有金屬製的外殼的鋰離子電池相比,成形的自由度高且重量輕,因此受到了關注。
此處,就構成鋰離子電池的要素之一的電解
質而言,使用了非水電解液、凝膠聚合物系電解質、有機-無機固體電解質等,它們當中,由於穩定性和離子傳導度高,因此現今,將六氟化磷的鋰離子鹽(LiPF6)混合於碳酸酯系有機溶媒的非水電解液成為主流。然而,在水混入此非水電解液的情況下,因非水電解液中的前述六氟化磷的鋰離子鹽和水的反應而生成了氟酸,其會穿透構成電池外裝材的樹脂薄膜,進一步侵襲存在於樹脂薄膜與鋁箔之間的接著劑層,導致接著強度降低。
從這樣的狀況出發,例如,已知有一種接著劑組成物,係包含具有羧基的非結晶性聚烯烴樹脂、黏著賦予劑、和含氮丙啶的化合物作為提高對電解質溶液的耐性的積層薄膜用的接著劑的接著劑,以相對於具有羥基的非結晶性聚烯烴樹脂及黏著賦予劑的總計100質量份,前述含羧基的非結晶性聚烯烴樹脂達到20~90質量份、前述黏著賦予劑達到10~80重量質量份的比例使用(下述專利文獻1)。儘管如此,這樣的接著劑組成物,為了提高接著性能而摻合有大量的黏著賦予劑,雖然這樣的摻合量可得到高凝集力,但是由於黏著賦予劑本身對烯烴系薄膜的接著性低,因此還是得不到充分的接著性能。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2013-112697號公報
本發明所要解決的課題在於提供:耐電解質溶液浸漬後的接著強度優異且使用其而製成的複合薄膜、使用該複合薄膜作為外裝材的耐電解質溶液性優異的二次電池。
本發明人等,為了解決上述課題而反覆專心檢討,結果發現了下述事情而完成本發明:藉由在以含酸基的聚烯烴為主劑的接著劑中少量添加苯乙烯樹脂,即使在電解質溶液中產生氟酸的情況下接著強度也不會降低,此外,能保持適度的使用壽命(pot life)。
即,本發明係關於一種積層用接著劑,係以具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)、硬化劑(B)、及苯乙烯樹脂(C)為必要成分的積層用接著劑,其特徵為:前述苯乙烯樹脂(C)的摻合比例係在相對於前述烯烴樹脂(A)的100質量份為0.01~1.5質量份的範圍內。
另外,本發明係關於一種多層薄膜,以利用前述接著劑使未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜和金屬薄膜接著的積層體為必要的薄膜結構。
另外,本發明係關於一種二次電池,係以二次電池本體、分別與該二次電池的正極及負極接合的接頭導線(tab lead)、電解質溶液、及以將前述接頭導線露出在二次電池外部的方式將前述二次電池本體和電解質溶液封入的外裝材為必要的構成要素的二次電池,前述外裝材係以前述未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜側形成熱封部的方式
將前述多層薄膜構成囊狀的包裝袋。
另外,本發明係關於一種二次電池,具有下述構造:前述多層薄膜具有利用深衝壓成形或擠脹成形、以未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜側構成密封劑面的方式被賦型為壓紋狀的形狀,將2個該多層薄膜的密封劑面彼此貼合,且在由此貼合所形成的內部空隙配設二次電池本體和電極端子,該電極端子係露出至電池外部,且電解質溶液被液密地(liquid tight)填充在該內部空隙。
根據本發明,便能提供耐電解質溶液浸漬後的接著強度優異的積層用接著劑、使用其而製成的複合薄膜、使用該複合薄膜作為外裝材的耐電解質溶液性優異的二次電池。
A‧‧‧未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜
B‧‧‧本發明的積層用接著劑
C‧‧‧金屬薄膜
D‧‧‧接著劑層
E‧‧‧基材薄膜
a‧‧‧接頭導線
b‧‧‧多層薄膜
c‧‧‧熱封部
d‧‧‧電極端子
e‧‧‧成形體
第1圖係本發明的多層薄膜的剖面圖。
第2圖係使用本發明的多層薄膜的囊狀的二次電池的平面圖。
第3圖係利用將多層薄膜進行深衝壓成形或擠脹成形來成形本發明的多層薄膜所得到的二次電池的斜視圖。
如前所述,本發明的積層用接著劑,係以具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)、硬化劑(B)、及苯乙烯樹脂(C)為必要成分的積層用接著劑,其特徵為:前述苯
乙烯樹脂(C)的摻合比例係在相對於前述烯烴樹脂(A)的100質量份為0.01~1.5質量份的範圍內。依此方式,本發明藉由將較少量的苯乙烯樹脂(C)摻合具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A),能夠有效地防止特別是因六氟化磷的鋰離子鹽和水的反應而生成的氟酸所造成的對接著劑層與金屬層的界面的侵蝕,有效地防止在高溫高濕環境下的接著性劣化。
(具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A))
接下來,本發明的積層用接著劑中使用的具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)可舉出:烯烴系單體、和乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐的共聚物,或者是,將乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐接枝至聚烯烴以進行改性的樹脂。
作為前者的烯烴系單體、和乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐的共聚物中所使用的烯烴系單體,可舉出:碳原子數2~8的烯烴,例如,乙烯、1-丙烯、異丁烯、1-丁烯、4-甲基戊烯、己烯、乙烯基環己烷等。它們當中,特別是從接著強度變佳的方面出發,較佳為碳原子數3~8的烯烴,特別是從對溶劑的耐性優異、接著強度優異的方面出發,較佳為1-丙烯、及1-丁烯。
此外,作為與烯烴系單體的共聚合中所使用的乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐,其次,作為與前述烯烴系單體的共聚物中所使用的、或與聚烯烴的接枝改性中所使用的乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽
和羧酸酐,例如,可舉出:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、馬來酸、衣康酸、檸康酸、中康酸、馬來酸酐、4-甲基環己-4-烯-1,2-二甲酸酐、雙環[2.2.2]辛-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐、1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10-八氫萘-2,3-二甲酸酐、2-辛-1,3-螺[4.4]二酮-7-烯、雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐、馬來海松酸(maleopimaric acid)、四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基-雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐、甲基-降冰片-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐、降冰片-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐等。它們當中,特別是從與烯烴系單體的反應性、共聚合後的酸酐的反應性優異,且該化合物本身的分子量小而製成共聚物的情況的官能基濃度變高的方面出發,較佳為馬來酸酐。它們能夠單獨使用或併用2種以上來使用。
此外,前述共聚物,除了上述的各種單體成分外,還能併用具有其他乙烯性不飽和基的化合物。作為這樣的化合物,可舉出:苯乙烯、丁二烯、異戊二烯等。
另一方面,作為接枝改性中所使用的聚烯烴,可舉出:碳原子數2~8的烯烴的均聚物、共聚物;碳原子數2~8的烯烴與其他單體的共聚物等,具體而言,例如,可舉出:高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、線狀低密度聚乙烯樹脂等聚乙烯;聚丙烯、聚異丁烯、聚(1-丁烯)、聚4-甲基戊烯、聚乙烯基環己烷、乙烯-丙烯嵌段共聚物、乙烯-丙烯無規共聚物、乙烯-丁烯-1共聚物、乙烯-4-甲基-1-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物等α-烯烴共聚物;乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-
甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物等。它們當中,特別是從接著強度變佳的方面出發,較佳為碳原子數3~8的烯烴的均聚物、2種以上的碳原子數3~8的烯烴的共聚物,特別是從對溶劑的耐性優異、接著強度優異的方面出發,較佳為丙烯的均聚物、或丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物。
接下來,作為與聚烯烴的接枝改性中所使用的乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐,例如,可舉出:丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、馬來酸、衣康酸、檸康酸、中康酸、馬來酸酐、4-甲基環己-4-烯-1,2-二甲酸酐、雙環[2.2.2]辛-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐、1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10-八氫萘-2,3-二甲酸酐、2-辛-1,3-螺[4.4]二酮-7-烯、雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐、馬來海松酸、四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、甲基-雙環[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐、甲基-降冰片-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐、降冰片-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐等。它們當中,特別是從接枝改性後的官能基的反應性高,此外,經接枝改性的聚烯烴的官能基濃度變高的方面出發,較佳為馬來酸酐。它們能夠單獨使用或併用2種以上來使用。
就利用接枝改性使上述乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐與聚烯烴進行反應來說,具體而言,可舉出:將前述聚烯烴熔融,對其添加乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐(接枝單體)以使其進行接枝反應的方法;將聚烯烴樹脂溶解於溶媒而作成溶液,對其添加乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐以使其
進行接枝反應的方法;將溶解在有機溶劑的聚烯烴樹脂、和前述乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐混合,在前述聚烯烴樹脂的軟化溫度或熔點以上的溫度下加熱而在熔融狀態下同時進行自由基聚合和脫氫反應的方法等。
不論在什麼情況下,為了效率佳地使前述接枝單體進行接枝共聚合,較佳為在自由基聚合引發劑的存在下實施接枝反應。接枝反應通常在60~350℃的條件下進行。自由基聚合引發劑的使用比例通常是在相對於改性前的聚烯烴樹脂100重量份為0.001~1重量份的範圍內。
作為自由基聚合引發劑,較佳為有機過氧化物,例如,可舉出:過氧化苯甲醯、過氧化二氯苯甲醯、二枯基過氧化物、二三級丁基過氧化物、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(過氧化苯甲酸酯)己炔-3、1,4-雙(過氧化三級丁基異丙基)苯、過氧化月桂醯、過氧乙酸三級丁酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(過氧化三級丁基)己炔-3、2,5-二甲基-2.5-二(過氧化三級丁基)己烷、過氧化苯甲酸三級丁酯、過氧化苯基乙酸三級丁酯、過氧化異丁酸三級丁酯、過氧化二級辛酸三級丁酯、過氧化新戊酸三級丁酯、過氧化新戊酸枯基酯及過氧化二乙基乙酸三級丁酯等。此外,也可以使用偶氮化合物,例如偶氮雙異丁腈、二甲基偶氮異丁酸酯等。
上述自由基聚合引發劑,若依照接枝反應的製程選定最適合者的話即可,通常較佳地使用:二枯基
過氧化物、二三級丁基過氧化物、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(過氧化三級丁基)己炔-3、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(過氧化三級丁基)己烷、1,4-雙(過氧化三級丁基異丙基)苯等二烷基過氧化物。
從進一步提升金屬層的緊貼性,耐電解質性優異出發,上述的具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)更佳為具有1~200mgKOH/g的酸價。
本發明中,從接著強度優異的方面出發,將乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐接枝至聚烯烴以進行改性的樹脂,係比烯烴系單體、和乙烯性不飽和羧酸或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐的共聚物更佳。
作為這樣的具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A),特別是從接著強度,特別是在高溫環境下的接著強度優異的方面出發,較佳為馬來酸酐改性聚丙烯、丙烯-1-丁烯共聚物的馬來酸酐改性體。
從耐電解液性優異的方面出發,以上詳述的具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A),其熔點較佳為在65℃~85℃的範圍內,另外,從耐電解液性優異的方面出發,基於DSC(微差掃描熱量分析)的結晶化波峰溫度較佳為28℃以上。
(硬化劑(B))
接下來,硬化劑(B)係與具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)反應而進行交聯以使接著劑本身硬化的成分,可舉出:多官能異氰酸酯化合物、含氮丙啶基的化合物、及環氧化合物、三聚氰胺樹脂等。
此處,作為多官能異氰酸酯化合物,例如,可舉出:2,4-甲苯二異氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二異氰酸酯、二甲苯二異氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯、異佛酮二異氰酸酯、1,5-萘二異氰酸酯、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、雙(4-異氰酸酯環己基)甲烷、或氫化二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯等二異氰酸酯及從它們所衍生的化合物,即前述二異氰酸酯的異三聚氰酸酯物、加成物、縮二脲型、脲二酮物、脲甲酸酯物、具有異氰酸酯殘基的預聚物(由二異氰酸酯和多元醇所得到的低聚合物)、或它們的複合體等。
在使用前述多官能異氰酸酯化合物作為硬化劑(B)的情況下,從硬化性、接著強度的方面出發,較佳為異氰酸酯基對具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)中的酸基(酸酐基設為2當量)的當量比[NCO/酸基]成為0.05~0.6的比例。
作為前述含氮丙啶基的化合物,例如,可舉出:N,N’-六亞甲基-1,6-雙(1-氮丙啶羧基醯胺)、N,N’-二苯基甲烷-4,4’-雙(1-氮丙啶羧基醯胺)、三羥甲基丙烷-三-β-氮丙啶基丙酸酯)、N,N’-甲苯-2,4-雙(1-氮丙啶羧基醯胺)、三伸乙基三聚氰胺、三羥甲基丙烷-三-β(2-甲基氮丙啶)丙酸酯、雙異酞醯基-1-2-甲基氮丙啶、三-1-氮丙啶基氧化膦、參-1-2-甲基氮丙啶氧化膦等。
在使用前述含氮丙啶基的化合物作為硬化劑(B)的情況下,從硬化性、接著強度的方面出發,較佳為氮丙啶基對具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)中的酸基(酸酐基設為2當量)的當量比[氮丙啶基/酸基]成為0.3~
10的比例。
作為前述環氧化合物,可舉出:乙二醇、丙二醇、己二醇、新戊二醇、三羥甲基乙烷、三羥甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、甘油、二甘油、山梨糖醇、螺二醇或者氫化雙酚A等脂肪族多元醇的聚縮水甘油醚型環氧樹脂;雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、雙酚S型環氧樹脂、雙酚AD型環氧樹脂等雙酚型環氧樹脂;酚酚醛樹脂、甲酚酚醛樹脂的縮水甘油醚的酚醛型環氧樹脂等芳香族環氧樹脂;雙酚A、雙酚F、雙酚S、雙酚AD等的芳香族系多羥基化合物的環氧乙烷或環氧丙烷加成物的多元醇的聚縮水甘油醚;聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚四亞甲基二醇等聚醚多元醇的聚縮水甘油醚型環氧樹脂;雙(3,4-環氧環己基甲基)己二酸酯、3,4-環氧環己基甲基-3’,4’-環氧環己基甲酸酯等環狀脂肪族型聚環氧樹脂。
從能確保長使用壽命,並且交聯密度高而接著強度變得更佳的方面出發,上述的環氧化合物較佳為環氧當量位於100~300g/eq.的範圍內,特別是從接著強度優異的方面出發,較佳為脂肪族多元醇的聚縮水甘油醚型環氧樹脂。
此外,在使用環氧化合物作為硬化劑(B)的情況下,環氧基對具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)中的酸基(酸酐基設為2當量)的當量比[環氧基/酸基]成為0.1~10的比例,其中從硬化性、接著強度的方面出發,較佳為成為0.1~3的比例。此外,本發明中,較佳為將前述環氧化合物和硬化促進劑一起併用。
此處,可使用的硬化促進劑,例如,可舉出:磷系化合物、三級胺、咪唑、有機酸金屬鹽、路易士酸、胺錯合鹽等。它們當中,從硬化促進效果優異的方面出發,較佳為咪唑。
上述的各種硬化劑(B)當中,特別是從使用壽命性優異,此外,接著強度也變佳的方面出發,較佳為環氧化合物。即,作為硬化劑(B),例如,在使用多官能異氰酸酯化合物的情況下,與主劑的具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)的反應性高,硬化性良好,但相反地,使用壽命變短,變得容易導致凝膠化,環氧化合物則是確保長期的使用壽命,同時也兼具優異的接著強度者。
接下來,本發明中使用的苯乙烯樹脂(C)可舉出:苯乙烯的均聚物、α-甲基苯乙烯的均聚物等苯乙烯系單體的均聚物;苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯的共聚物;苯乙烯及α-甲基苯乙烯等的苯乙烯系單體和聚合性脂肪族單體的共聚物;苯乙烯及α-甲基苯乙烯等的苯乙烯系單體和聚合性芳香族單體的共聚物等。
(苯乙烯樹脂(C))
此外,從耐電解液性優異的方面出發,上述苯乙烯樹脂(C)較佳為熔點位於80~140℃的範圍內。此外,從對金屬薄膜的潤濕性得到改善,氟酸的阻擋效果變得更加優異的方面出發,較佳為其重量平均分子量位於800~3,000的範圍內。又,此處,重量平均分子量係依下述條件所測定的值。
測定裝置:Tosoh股份公司製HLC-8220GPC
管柱:Tosoh股份公司製TSK-GUARDCOLUMN SuperHZ-L
+Tosoh股份公司製TSK-GEL SuperHZM
-M×4
檢測器:RI(微差折射計)
資料處理:Tosoh股份公司製Multistation GPC-8020model II
測定條件:管柱溫度 40℃
溶媒 四氫呋喃
流速 0.35ml/分鐘
標準:單分散聚苯乙烯
試料:用微過濾器將以樹脂固體成分換算為0.2質量%的四氫呋喃溶液進行過濾者(100μl)
如前所述,苯乙烯樹脂(C)的摻合量係在相對於前述烯烴樹脂(A)的100質量份為0.01~1.5質量份的範圍內。在此摻合量低於0.01質量份的情況下,變得無法充分顯現出由摻合該苯乙烯樹脂(C)所產生的氟酸阻擋效果,另一方面,在超過1.5質量份的情況下,導致接著強度降低,變得很難防止氟酸所造成的對接著劑層與金屬層的界面的侵蝕。
本發明的積層接著劑中,除了上述各成分外,還能藉由摻合有機溶劑來確保流動性,使其顯現出適合的塗敷性。作為這樣的有機溶劑,若為能夠藉由在塗敷接著劑時的乾燥步驟中的加熱來使其揮發並除去的有
機溶劑的話,便沒有特別的限定,例如,可舉出:甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族系有機溶媒;正己烷、正庚烷等脂肪族系有機溶媒;環己烷、甲基環己烷等脂環族系有機溶劑;甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、環己酮等酮系溶劑;乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等酯系溶劑;乙醇、甲醇、正丙醇、2-丙醇(異丙醇)、丁醇、己醇等醇系溶劑;二異丙基醚、丁基賽路蘇、四氫呋喃、二烷、丁基卡必醇等醚系溶劑;二乙二醇一甲基醚、三乙二醇一甲基醚、丙二醇一甲基醚等二醇醚系溶劑;乙二醇一甲基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇一甲基醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇一乙基醚乙酸酯等二醇酯系溶劑等,它們可以單獨使用,也可以併用2種以上。
儘管如此,本發明中使用的前述具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)係非氯系的烯烴樹脂,通常,對有機溶劑的溶解性差。因此,作為對前述具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)呈現出良好的溶解性的有機溶媒,理想的是作成脂環族系有機溶劑、酯系溶劑和醇系溶劑的混合溶媒來使用。
作為脂環族系有機溶劑,較佳為環己烷、甲基環己烷等,作為酯系溶劑,較佳為乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等,作為醇系溶劑,較佳為乙醇、甲醇、正丙醇、2-丙醇(異丙醇)、丁醇、己醇等,其中,較佳為丁醇、異丙醇。摻合比率沒有特別的限定,若脂環族系有機溶劑係相對於混合溶媒整體量佔有50%的量,則溶解性更優異而較佳。
例如,較佳為甲基環己烷/乙酸丁酯/丁醇,或甲基環己烷、乙酸乙酯和異丙醇的組合。
前述混合溶媒,通常,苯乙烯系樹脂以外的熱塑性樹脂為難溶解,本發明中使用的苯乙烯樹脂(C)雖是熱塑性樹脂,卻良好地溶解於該混合溶媒。因此,在使用前述混合溶媒的情況下,接著劑的塗敷性、對金屬薄膜的潤濕性變佳,阻擋氟酸的效果變得更佳。
此處,作為前述有機溶劑的用量,從作為接著劑的塗敷性、對金屬薄膜的潤濕性優異的方面出發,較佳為前述具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)對前述具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)和該有機溶劑的總計質量的比例成為10~30質量%的比例。
本發明的積層用接著劑,還能夠根據需要,使用黏著賦予劑、塑化劑、熱塑性彈性體、磷酸化合物、矽烷偶合劑、或反應性彈性體。這些添加劑的含量,能夠在不損害本發明的接著劑的範圍內適宜調整來使用。
此處,作為可使用的黏著賦予劑,可舉出:聚萜烯樹脂、松脂系樹脂、脂肪族系石油樹脂、脂環族系石油樹脂、共聚合系石油樹脂、及氫化石油樹脂等。
此外,作為塑化劑,可舉出:聚異戊二烯、聚丁烯、加工油等,作為熱塑性彈性體,可舉出:苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(SBS)、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚合的氫化物(SEBS)、SBBS、苯乙烯-異戊二烯共聚合的氫化物(SEPS)、苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(TPS)、烯烴系彈性體(TPO)等,反應性彈性體可舉出將這些彈性體進行酸改性者。此外,作為矽烷偶合劑,可舉出:胺基矽烷、巰基矽烷、乙烯基矽烷、環氧基矽烷、甲基丙烯酸基矽烷、脲基矽烷、
烷基矽烷、苯乙烯基矽烷、硫化物矽烷、異氰酸酯矽烷。
能夠藉由混合以上詳述的各成分來調整本發明的積層用接著劑。此時,各成分可以同時摻合且混合以製成接著劑,但從接著劑的穩定性、作業性優異的方面出發,較佳為作成下述的2液型的接著劑:將硬化劑(B)以外的成分預先混合而先製造主劑的預混合物,當使用接著劑時再混合硬化劑(B)。
(多層薄膜)
使用本發明的積層用接著劑,將未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜和金屬薄膜貼合,從而能得到本發明的多層薄膜。
此處,作為使用的金屬薄膜,可舉出:金屬箔、貼合各種薄膜的金屬箔、金屬蒸鍍薄膜等,作為其素材,例如,可舉出:鋁、銅、鎳、不鏽鋼等。這些金屬薄膜可以施加噴砂處理、研磨處理、脫脂處理、蝕刻處理、利用浸漬或噴灑防鏽劑的表面處理、3價鉻轉化處理、磷酸鹽轉化處理、硫化物轉化處理、形成陽極氧化被膜、塗布氟樹脂等的表面處理。它們當中,從緊貼性保持性能(耐環境劣化性)、防蝕性優異的方面出發,較佳為施加了3價鉻轉化處理的金屬薄膜。此外,從防止腐蝕的觀點出發,此金屬薄膜的厚度較佳為在10~100μm的範圍內。
另一方面,作為未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜,可舉出:聚乙烯、聚丙烯等的未拉伸薄膜。此外,從能進行包裝袋的薄膜化且包裝袋本身的強度優異的方面出發,未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜的厚度較佳為在10~100μm的範圍內。
作為製造多層薄膜的具體方法,在使用前述的有機溶劑來將本發明的積層用接著劑調整為適合的黏度後,使用輥塗布法、凹版塗布法、棒塗布法等周知的塗布方法來塗布於前述金屬薄膜並進行乾燥,從而形成接著層。此時,本發明的積層用接著劑組成物的乾燥塗布重量較佳為在成為0.5~20.0g/m2的範圍內。若低於0.5g/m2,則連續均勻塗布性變得容易降低,另一方面,若超過20.0g/m2,則塗布後的溶劑脫離性也降低,作業性降低、變得容易發生殘留溶劑的問題。
接下來,在金屬薄膜的塗敷有本發明的積層用接著劑的面上重疊未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜並利用乾式積層法(dry lamitation)進行貼合,能得到作為目的的本發明的多層薄膜。此處,較佳為在積層輥的溫度為25~120℃、壓力為3~300kg/cm2的條件下實施。
此外,從能提高接著強度的方面出發,較佳為在進行乾式積層法後進行老化處理(aging)。老化處理的條件較佳為25~100℃、12~240小時。
從賦型性的方面出發,上述的本發明的多層薄膜較佳為在前述金屬薄膜之與利用前述接著劑進行接著的側為相反的側上進一步透過接著層而有基材薄膜被積層。此處,構成接著層的接著劑可以是公知泛用的積層用接著劑,但從接著強度的方面出發,理想的是本發明的積層用接著劑。
此處,作為可使用的基材薄膜,可舉出:雙軸拉伸聚酯薄膜或雙軸拉伸聚醯胺薄膜。使此基材薄膜
位於在用作二次電池的外裝材之際的最外層。此外,基材薄膜的厚度,通常,可舉出15~30μm的範圍。
第1圖係依此方式操作所得到的本發明的多層薄膜的剖面圖,金屬薄膜C和未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜A係透過本發明的接著劑B進行積層,另外透過接著劑層D(理想的是本發明的接著劑),進一步與基材薄膜E進行積層。此處,在將這樣的多層薄膜形成為二次電池的外裝材的情況下,未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜A側係以與電解質溶液接觸的方式使用,最終地,相向的未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜A被熱封,從而成為包裝材。
(二次電池)
接下來,當使用本發明的多層薄膜製造二次電池時,作為該二次電池的形態,可舉出:將多層薄膜成形為囊狀而製成二次電池的形態,或者是,藉由將多層薄膜進行深衝壓成形或擠脹成形來形成外裝材而製成二次電池的形態。
此處,囊狀的二次電池,具體而言,係以二次電池本體、構成分別與該二次電池的正極及負極接合的端子的接頭導線、電解質溶液、及以將前述接頭露出在二次電池外部的方式將前述二次電池本體和電解質溶液封入的外裝材為必要的構成要素的二次電池,前述外裝材可舉出:將本發明的多層薄膜以前述未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜側相向而形成熱封部的方式重疊在一起或是折疊,藉由進行熱封,從而構成囊狀的包裝袋。作為具體的囊狀的包裝袋,有三邊密封袋、四邊密封袋及枕頭型態等
的袋形式,例如在四邊密封袋的情況下,如第2圖的平面圖所示,可舉出具有下述構造者:在以將電池本體包含在內的方式利用多層薄膜b形成包裝袋,將與二次電池本體的正極及負極接合的接頭導線a露出在外部,且電解質溶液被液密地填充在內部的狀態下藉由四邊的熱封部c予以密閉。
另一方面,基於多層薄膜的深衝壓成形或擠脹成形的二次電池,具體而言,可舉出具有下述構造者:藉由將本發明的多層薄膜進行深衝壓成形或擠脹成形,形成以未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜側構成密封劑面的方式被賦型為壓紋狀的成形體,將2個成形體(多層薄膜的密封劑面彼此)貼合,且在由此貼合所形成的內部空隙配設二次電池本體和電極端子,該電極端子係露出至電池外部,且電解質溶液被液密地填充在該內部空隙。具體而言,例如如第3圖的斜視圖所示,可舉出下述構造:被賦型為壓紋狀的電池容器e,將二次電池包含在內,且以填充電解質溶液的方式予以貼合,且具有電極端子d。又,藉由將被賦型為壓紋狀的成形體的密封劑面彼此熱封所形成的凸緣部可以如第3圖所示予以切掉。
此處,前述二次電池,理想的是用作鋰離子電池,此時的電解質溶液係由碳酸丙二酯、碳酸乙二酯、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸乙基甲酯等的非質子性溶媒和電解質構成。此處,作為電解質的鋰鹽,可使用LiPF6、LiBF4等的鹽。
如前所述,這些鋰鹽會因與水分的水解反應而產生
氟酸,而有引起金屬面的腐蝕、多層薄膜各層間的積層強度降低的情形,但本發明能夠有效地阻擋此氟酸到達金屬面。
以下,利用實施例具體說明本發明。標記「份」表示「質量份」。
又,各實施例及比較例中使用的苯乙烯樹脂的重量平均分子量(Mw)係按照下述條件所測定的值。
測定裝置:Tosoh股份公司製HLC-8220GPC
管柱:Tosoh股份公司製TSK-GUARDCOLUMN SuperHZ-L
+Tosoh股份公司製TSK-GEL SuperHZM
-M×4
檢測器:RI(微差折射計)
資料處理:Tosoh股份公司製Multistation GPC-8020model II
測定條件:管柱溫度 40℃
溶媒 四氫呋喃
流速 0.35ml/分鐘
標準:單分散聚苯乙烯
試料:用微過濾器將以樹脂固體成分換算為0.2質量%的四氫呋喃溶液進行過濾者(100μl)
(實施例1~4及比較例1~6)
使用將馬來酸酐接枝於包含1-丙烯和1-丁烯的共聚
物以進行改性的含酸基的烯烴樹脂20質量份作為具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)、及溶解在混合溶媒(甲基環己烷/乙酸丁酯/丁醇=72/7/1(質量比))80質量份的樹脂溶液(不揮發成分20質量%,東洋紡公司製「Hardlen NS-2002」)100質量份作為主劑,混合表1或表2所示的環氧化合物以外的成分並仔細攪拌以製造主劑的預混合物。接下來,用表1或表2中的摻合量,將表1或表2所示的環氧化合物摻合於前述預混合物以調整接著劑後,用棒塗布機、以塗布量5g/m2(dry)塗布在未表面處理的鋁箔(東洋Aluminium公司製的鋁箔「1N30H」:膜厚30μm),使其進行80℃-1分鐘的乾燥處理後,在100℃下與未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜(Toray Film加工股份公司製的「ZK-93KM」膜厚:70μm)貼合而製作積層體。之後,在使其進行60℃-5天的老化處理後,測定初期接著強度。
(實施例5)
除了作為具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)使用將馬來酸接枝於包含1-丙烯和1-丁烯的共聚物以進行改性的含酸基的烯烴樹脂(GMP7550E)20質量份作為具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)、及溶解在混合溶媒(甲基環己烷/乙酸乙酯/異丙醇=72/7/1的混合溶媒)80質量份的樹脂溶液(不揮發成分20質量%)100質量份作為主劑外,與實施例4同樣地操作以調整接著劑,使用該接著劑而製作積層體。
對於各例所得到的積層體,評價接著性能及耐電解液性,將其結果顯示在表1。又,各性能試驗的條
件如下。
(初期接著強度的測定)
在A&D(股)製的Tensilon試驗中,將前述塗敷物切成15mm寬,測定180°剝離強度。
(耐電解液性)
使積層體在電解液「碳酸乙二酯:碳酸乙基甲酯:碳酸二甲酯=1:1:1(wt%)+LiPF6:1mol+碳酸乙烯二酯:1質量%」中進行85℃-7天的浸漬,如下所述由浸漬前後的接著強度的保持率實施評價。
○:80%以上
△:60%以上小於80%
×:小於60%
(使用壽命性)
根據表1及表2的摻合,摻合主劑和硬化劑、溶劑並仔細攪拌並脫泡後,用B型黏度計測定黏度。將樣品瓶的蓋子蓋緊,放入40℃的恆溫槽,分別測定2小時後、4小時後、6小時後的黏度,依下述的基準評價黏度的變化。
○:相對於初期的黏度上升率小於30%
△:相對於初期的黏度上升率為30%以上小於50%
×:相對於初期的黏度上升率為50%以上
(熱強度試驗)
在A&D公司(股)製的Tensilon試驗中,將前述塗敷物切成15mm寬,在80℃的恆溫槽內測定剝離強度。
Hardlen NS-2002:使將馬來酸酐接枝於包含1-丙烯和1-丁烯的共聚物以進行改性的含酸基的烯烴樹脂溶解在混合溶媒(甲基環己烷/乙酸丁酯/丁醇=72/7/1(
質量比))的樹脂溶液(不揮發成分20質量%)
GMP7550E:將馬來酸接枝於包含1-丙烯和1-丁烯的共聚物以進行改性的含酸基的烯烴樹脂(不揮發成分100質量%)
Curezol 2E4MZ:咪唑(四國化成工業股份公司製的「Curezol 2E4MZ」,不揮發成分100%)
Denacol EX-321:環氧樹脂(三羥甲基丙烷聚縮水甘油醚,Nagase chemtex公司製的「Denacol EX-321」,不揮發成分100質量%)
FTR6100:苯乙烯系單體和聚合性脂肪族單體的共聚物(三井化學公司製的苯乙烯系樹脂「FTR6100」,重量平均分子量1100,不揮發成分100質量%)
FTR2140:苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯的共聚物(三井化學公司製的「FTR2140」,重量平均分子量3200,不揮發成分100質量%)
FMR0150:苯乙烯系單體和聚合性芳香族單體的共聚物(三井化學公司製的「FMR0150」,重量平均分子量2000,不揮發成分100質量%)
FTR8120:苯乙烯系單體的均聚物(三井化學公司製的「FTR8120」,重量平均分子量1500,不揮發成分100質量%)
Epikuron 860:雙酚A型環氧樹脂(DIC股份公司製的「Epikuron 860」,環氧當量240g/eq.,不揮發成分100質量%)
其結果,使用了實施例1~5的積層用接著劑
的積層體係初期接著強度高且耐電解液性優異。比較例1~4係未放入苯乙烯樹脂的例子,耐電解液性差。此外,比較例5~6係苯乙烯樹脂超過1.5質量份的例子,初期接著強度差。
Claims (12)
- 一種積層用接著劑,係以具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)、硬化劑(B)、及苯乙烯樹脂(C)為必要成分的積層用接著劑,其特徵為:該苯乙烯樹脂(C)的摻合比例係在相對於該烯烴樹脂(A)的100質量份為0.01~1.5質量份的範圍內。
- 如請求項1的積層用接著劑,其中該苯乙烯樹脂(C)係熔點位於80~140℃的範圍內。
- 如請求項1或2的積層用接著劑,其中該苯乙烯樹脂(C)係重量平均分子量位於800~3,000的範圍內。
- 如請求項1至3中任一項的積層用接著劑,其中該苯乙烯系樹脂(C)係苯乙烯系單體的均聚物;苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯的共聚物;苯乙烯系單體和聚合性脂肪族單體的共聚物;或苯乙烯系單體和聚合性芳香族單體的共聚物。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項的積層用接著劑,其中該硬化劑(B)係環氧化合物。
- 如請求項1至5中任一項的積層用接著劑,其中該具有酸基或酸酐基的烯烴樹脂(A)係將乙烯性不飽和羧酸、或乙烯性不飽和羧酸酐接枝於碳原子數3~8的烯烴的均聚物、或2種以上的碳原子數3~8的烯烴的共聚物以進行改性。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項的積層用接著劑,其含有脂環族系有機溶劑、酯系溶劑和醇系溶劑的混合溶媒。
- 一種多層薄膜,以利用如請求項1至7中任一項的接著 劑將未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜和金屬薄膜接著的積層體為必要的薄膜結構。
- 如請求項8的多層薄膜,其中在該金屬薄膜之與利用該接著劑進行接著的側為相反的側,進一步透過接著層來積層基材薄膜。
- 如請求項9的多層薄膜,其中該基材薄膜係雙軸拉伸聚酯薄膜或雙軸拉伸聚醯胺薄膜。
- 一種二次電池,係以二次電池本體、分別與該二次電池的正極及負極接合的接頭導線(tab lead)、電解質溶液、及以將該接頭導線露出在二次電池外部的方式將該二次電池本體和電解質溶液封入的外裝材為必要的構成要素的二次電池,其特徵為:該外裝材係以該未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜側形成熱封部的方式將如請求項8至10中任一項的多層薄膜構成囊狀的包裝袋。
- 一種二次電池,具有下述構造:如請求項8至10中任一項的多層薄膜具有利用深衝壓成形或擠脹成形而以未拉伸聚烯烴薄膜側構成密封劑面的方式被賦型為壓紋狀的形狀,將2個該多層薄膜的密封劑面彼此貼合,且在由此貼合所形成的內部空隙配設二次電池本體和電極端子,該電極端子係露出至電池外部,且電解質溶液被液密地填充在該內部空隙。
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JP6911635B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-24 | 2021-07-28 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 接着剤組成物および積層体 |
WO2019171709A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-12 | 東洋紡株式会社 | ポリオレフィン系接着剤組成物 |
WO2019172109A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-07 | 2019-09-12 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 接着剤組成物及びこれを用いた接着剤層付き積層体 |
CN111918944A (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-11-10 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 聚烯烃类粘接剂组合物 |
CN111971360B (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2022-07-08 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 聚烯烃系粘接剂组合物 |
JP7310298B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-15 | 2023-07-19 | Dic株式会社 | 接着剤、積層体、電池用包装材及び電池 |
KR102030603B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-10-10 | 주식회사 케이엠지 | 파우치형 리튬이차전지용 접착제 및 이를 이용한 파우치형 리튬이차 전지 |
US11075407B2 (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2021-07-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Grafted polyesters as electrolytes for lithium ion batteries |
EP3998649A4 (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2023-07-19 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | ADHESIVE FILM FOR A METAL TERMINAL, METAL TERMINAL PROVIDED WITH THE ADHESIVE FILM INTENDED FOR A METAL TERMINAL, ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE IMPLEMENTING SUCH ADHESIVE FILM FOR A METAL TERMINAL, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE |
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JP7006845B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-01-24 | Dic株式会社 | 接着剤、積層体、包装材、電池用包装材、電池 |
JP2021102700A (ja) * | 2019-12-25 | 2021-07-15 | Dic株式会社 | コーティング剤、積層体、成型体及び包装材 |
WO2021251221A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-12-16 | 東洋紡株式会社 | ポリオレフィン系接着剤組成物および積層体 |
WO2024059996A1 (zh) * | 2022-09-20 | 2024-03-28 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 复合膜及其制备方法、电池模块、电池包和用电装置 |
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