PL79501B1 - - Google Patents

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PL79501B1
PL79501B1 PL1972157544A PL15754472A PL79501B1 PL 79501 B1 PL79501 B1 PL 79501B1 PL 1972157544 A PL1972157544 A PL 1972157544A PL 15754472 A PL15754472 A PL 15754472A PL 79501 B1 PL79501 B1 PL 79501B1
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carrier
catalyst
nickel
platinum
cobalt
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PL1972157544A
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/89Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9463Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
    • B01D53/9472Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/10Oxidants
    • B01D2251/102Oxygen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1021Platinum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20746Cobalt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20753Nickel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Description

Uprawniony z patentu: Sud-Chemie AG, Monachium (Republika Fede¬ ralna Niemiec) Sposób wytwarzania katalizatora do oczyszczania gazów odlotowych z silników spalinowych Przedmiotem wynalazku jest sposób wytwarza¬ nia katalizatora do oczyszczania gazów odlotowych z silników spalinowych.Wiadomo, ze podczas pracy silników spalino¬ wych paliwo nie jest spalane calkowicie i w ga- 5 zach spalinowych pozostaja znaczne ilosci nieprze- reagowanych lub niecalkowicie przereagowanych weglowodorów, tlenku wegla i tlenków azotu. Wia¬ domo równiez, ze substancje te sa szkodliwe dla zdrowia i w zwiazku z wzmagajacym sie ruchem 10 pojazdów napedzanych silnikami spalinowymi, sta¬ nowia powazne zagrozenie dla otoczenia.Czyniono juz liczne próby usuwania wspomnia¬ nych wyzej szkodliwych substancji na drodze ka- 15 talitycznej. Stosowano przy tym katalizatory za¬ wierajace metale szlachetne, aby za ich pomoca, w atmosferze utleniajacej,, przeprowadzac tlenek wegla i weglowodory w nieszkodliwe produkty spalania. W tym celu, gazy ulatujace z komór spa- 20 lania mieszano z nadmiarem powietrza i wprowa¬ dzano do reaktora zawierajacego katalizator. Jako metal szlachetny w katalizatorach stosowano z re¬ guly platyne, ale próbowano równiez stosowac mniej kosztowne metale nieszlachetne, majace 25 wlasciwosci katalityczne, np. miedz, chrom, kobalt, mangan itp. Metale stanowiace czynny skladnik katalizatora, stosowano przewaznie na nosnikach odpornych na dzialanie wysokiej temperatury, aby otrzymac trwaly katalizator. 30 2 Ze wzgledu na zawartosc przede wszystkim tlenku wegla, gazy odiotowe z silników spalino¬ wych maja wlasciwosci redukujace i znane sa próby polegajace na tym, aby tlenki azotu zawar¬ te w spalinach redukowac do azotu za pomoca tych skladników spalin, które maja zdolnosc redu¬ kowania. Do tej reakcji stosowano katalizatory zawierajace zwlaszcza metale przydatne w proce¬ sach redukcji, mianowicie miedz, nikiel, zela¬ zo itp., przy czym w celu nadania tym katalizato¬ rom trwalosci, równiez i w tym przypadku prze¬ waznie stosowano nosniki odporne na dzialanie wysokiej temperatury. Zamiast kombinacji metalu z nosnikiem odpornym na dzialanie wysokiej tem¬ peratury, stosowano równiez stopy metali w posta¬ ci opilek, wiórów itp.W celu usuwania tlenków azotu, np. NO i N02, okreslanych dalej ogólnie wzorem NOx, tlenku wegla i weglowodorów, stosuje sie urzadzenia skladajace sie z dwóch reaktorów, pomiedzy któ- rymi znajduje sie doprowadzanie powietrza.W pierwszym reaktorze ze spalin majacych wlasci¬ wosci redukujace usuwa sie za pomoca odpowied¬ niego katalizatora w znacznej mierze NOx, po czym doprowadza sie powietrze, w celu wytworze¬ nia atmosfery utleniajacej, i nastepnie wprowadza sie do drugiego reaktora, w którym znajduje sie katalizator dzialajacy w atmosferze utleniajacej.Aby uklad katalityczny nadawal sie do stosowa¬ nia w technice, powinien spelniac szereg warun- 79 50179501 23 ków. Przede wszystkim powinien on byc na tyle aktywny, aby umozliwial daleko idace zmniejsze¬ nie zawartosci szkodliwych substancji, przy czym aktywnosc ta powinna przejawiac sie w szerokich granicach temperatury, mianowicie okolo 200— 5 100Q°C. Aktywnosc ta nie powinna ulegac zmianie w ciagu dlugiego czasu pracy urzadzenia katali¬ tycznego, poniewaz z praktycznych wzgledów wy¬ miana katalizatora moze odbywac sie tylko w od¬ stepach okolo jednego roku lub dluzszych. Poza 10 tym katalizator powinien byc odporny na dziala¬ nie typowych trucizn katalizatorów, takich jak siarka, a w" przypadku stosowania katalizatora do czyszczenia gazów odlotowych z silników spalino¬ wych, szczególnie wazna jest jego odpornosc na H5 dzialanie olowiu.Szczególne wymagania stawia sie wytrzymalosci czastek katalizatora. Reaktory umieszczone w po¬ jazdach mechanicznych sa narazone na ciagle wa¬ hania, w czasie których- czastki katalizatora latwo 20 scieraja sie, co moze powodowac powstawanie ka¬ nalów w masie katalizatora, a tym samym nie¬ wlasciwe dzialanie ukladu.Jak mozna bylo tego oczekiwac,' bardzo trudno jest wytworzyc katalizator, który spelnialby wszystkie te warunkL JKatalizatory platynowe. sa, jak wiadomo, wrazliwe na dzialanie olowiu i po¬ bierajac olów traca aktywnosc. Katalizatory opar¬ te na metalach nieszlachetnych starzeja sie pod wplywem dzialania ciepla i poddane dzialaniu temperatury 700—1000°C nie sa aktywne nawet w temperaturze 100—300°C.Sposób wedlug wynalazfcu pozwala na otrzyma¬ nie katalizatora, który nie ma opisanych wyzej wad znanych katalizatorów i zadowalajaco spelnia stawiane mu warunki.Sposób wytwarzania katalizatora wedlug wyna¬ lazku, zawierajacego jako czynne skladniki platy- rie, "nikiel i/lub kobalt, osadzone na nosniku odpor¬ nym na dzialanie temperatury, polega na tym, ze na nosnik najpierw nanosi sie nikiel i/lub kobalt a nastepnie platyne, przy czym produkty wyjscio¬ we do wytwarzania nosnika i substancji czynnych dobiera sie tak aby zawartosc alkalii i zawartosc siarki w katalizatorze byla mniejsza niz 0,05% wagowych.Korzystnie nosnik nasyca sie roztworem soli niklu i/lub kobaltu a nastepnie roztworem soli pla¬ tyny, przy czym nosnik po kazdorazowym nasyce¬ niu suszy sie i kalcynuje.,Mozna tez wytracac aktywne skladniki katali¬ zatora na nosniku, przy czym nosnik moze np. sta¬ nowic zawiesine w roztworze soli aktywnych skladników. Z roztworu tego wytraca sie wodo- 55 tlenki niklu i/lub kobaltu, np. za pomoca alkalii, po czym przez dodatek srodka redukujacego lub innych reagentów stracajacych wytraca sie platy¬ ne. Zwiazki metali lub szlachetny metal osadzaja sie na powierzchni nosnika, po czym nosnik z osa- 60 dzonymi skladnikami metalicznymi suszy sie i wy¬ praza. Jako produkty wyjsciowe stosuje sie prze¬ waznie rozpuszczalne w wodzie sole platyny, niklu i/lub kobaltu, np. kwas szesciochloroplatynowy, chlorek, azotan lub octan niklu i/lub kobaltu. 65 30 35 40 45 50 Korzystny sposób wytwarzania katalizatora po¬ lega na tym, ze jako produkt wyjsciowy stosuje sie alkoholan glinu, hydrolizuje go za pomoca wo¬ dy, suszy otrzymany wodorotlenek glinu, formuje go w ksztaltki i kalcynuje sie je korzystnie w tem¬ peraturze co najmniej 5Ó0°C, przeprowadzajac wo¬ dorotlenek glinu w tlenek glinu A1208. Otrzymane ksztaltki z tlenku glinu nasyca sie najpierw wod¬ nym roztworem soli niklu i/lub kobaltu a nastep¬ nie wodnym roztworem soli platyny, przy czym nosnik po kazdorazowym nasyceniu kalcynuje sie w temperaturze 350°C—700°C.Produkty wyjsciowe stanowiace skladniki czynne do wytwarzania katalizatora dobiera sie tak, ze zawartosc platyny w katalizatorze wynosi okolo 0,01—1% wagowego i 0,1—10% wagowych niklu i/lub kobaltu, a zwlaszcza okolo 0,05—0,3% wago¬ wych platyny i okolo 1—5% wagowych niklu i/lub kobaltu. Stosunek wagowy platyny do niklu i/lub kobaltu wynosi w przeliczeniu na metale od okolo 1:1000 do 10 ;1, korzystnie od okolo 1:100 do okolo 1 :3. Jezeli jako aktywny skladnik stosuje sie mieszanine niklu i kobaltu, to stosunek wago¬ wy tych metali wynosi korzystnie od okolo 1 :100 do okolo 100 :1, zwlaszcza od 1:10 do 10:1.Dobra aktywnosc wykazuje katalizator, który jako aktywny skladnik zawtera oprócz "~ platyny tylko nikiel.; Katalizator otrzymany sposobem wedlug wyna¬ lazku zawiera korzystnie np. 98,95 — 94,7% wa¬ gowych nosnika, 0,05 — 0,3% wagowych platyny i 1 — 5% wagowych niklu.Jako nosniki do wytwarzania katalizatorów spo¬ sobem wedlug .wynalazku stosuje sie wszystkie znane nosniki utleniajace, nie dzialajace rozszcze¬ piajaco i majace duza odpornosc na scieranie i zmiany temperatury. Wlasciwosci te osiaga sie w ten sposób, ze nosniki wypraza sie w tempera¬ turze powyzej 500°C, korzystnie w temperaturze 600 — 1200°C. Nosniki te lub produkty uzyte do ich wytwarzania powinny praktycznie biorac nie zawierac siarki i topników^ takich jak alkalia. Za¬ wartosc alkalii nie powinna byc wyzsza niz 0,05% wagowych. Odpowiednimi nosnikami sa miedzy in¬ nymi tlenki glinu, dwutlenek krzemu, krzemiany glinowe i inne np. krzemian magnezu, dwutlenek tytanu, tlenek magnezu i dwutlenek cyrkonu.Substancje te mozna stosowac pojedynczo lub w mieszaninach. Szczególnie korzystny jest nosnik z tlenku glinowego, wytwarzany przez wyprazanie wodorotlenku glinowego, otrzymanego w wyniku hydrolizy organicznych zwiazków glinu, zwlaszcza alkoholanów glinu. Nosnik taki nie zawiera prak¬ tycznie biorac wcale siarki i alkalii.Nosniki stosuje sie przewaznie w postaci gru¬ dek. W celu ograniczenia scierania sie katalizato¬ ra i aby uzyskac równomierny przeplyw gazu pod¬ dawanego oczyszczaniu, nosnik wykonuje sie ko¬ rzystnie w postaci wytloczek, tabletek o srednicy korzystnie okolo 1,0 — 5 mm, a zwlaszcza 1,5 — 3 mm, albo w postaci monolitów z kana¬ lami. W celu ograniczenia scierania sie katalizato¬ ra, niezaleznie od opisanych wyzej zabiegów, two¬ rzywo katalizatora sprasowuje sie w wytloczki lub tabletki pod bardzo duzym cisnieniem. Ksztaltki79 501 katalizatora powinny byc wytrzymale na dzialanie sily 3 kG, a korzystnie 5 kG na 1 mm dlugosci mierzonej wzdluz walcowatej sciany.Katalizator otrzymany sposobem wedlug wyna¬ lazku w postaci monolitów stanowi walcowate lub prostopadloscienne elementy, przez które w jed¬ nym kierunku przebiegaja równolegle kanaly.Zewnetrzna srednica tych monolitów wynosi okolo 20 — 300 mm, a srednia wartosc srednicy kanalów okolo 0,5 — 5 mm.Katalizator wytworzony sposobem wedlug wy¬ nalazku w postaci tabletek o srednicy 1,5 — 3 mm ma bardzo wysoka odpornosc na zlamanie, wyno¬ szaca przy mierzeniu na scianie walca co najmniej 3 kG, a korzystnie okolo 5 kG/mm. Jest on bardzo odporny na zmiany temperatury i jak stwierdzo¬ no, jego niewrazliwosc na dzialanie olowiu jest nieoczekiwanie duza.Katalizator otrzymany sposobem wedlug wyna¬ lazku stosuje sie do oczyszczania gazów odloto¬ wych z silników spalinowych. W celu usuwania tlenków azotu (NOx) w atmosferze redukujacej, katalizator ten stosuje sie bez dodawania powie¬ trza, a w celu usuwania tlenku wegla i weglowodo¬ rów, co odbywa sie korzystnie po usunieciu tlen¬ ków azotu, stosuje sie go w atmosferze utleniaja¬ cej, otrzymanej przez zmieszanie spalin z powie¬ trzem.Sposób wedlug wynalazku opisano dokladnie w nizej podanych przykladach.Przyklad I. 1,5 kg etanolami glinu miesza sie w temperaturze pokojowej z 10 litrami odso- lonej wody i otrzymana zawiesine miesza sie w ciagu nocy w celu uzyskania calkowitego rozkla¬ du. Nastepnie odsacza sie zawiesine, osad przemy¬ wa letnia woda, suszy w temperaturze 120°C i granuluje na czastki o srednicy nie wiekszej niz 0,5 mm. Za pomoca maszyny do tabletkowania z granulatu formuje sie tabletki o grubosci 3 mm i srednicy 3 mm. Tabletki te maja przecietna od¬ pornosc na zlamanie, mierzona na scianie walca, wynoszaca 5 kG/mm.Do tabletkowania stosuje sie maszyne mimosro- dowa, majaca matryce z przewodem doprowadza¬ jacym granulat. Matryca konczy sie u dolu rucho¬ mym stemplem dolnym, który podczas pracy ma¬ szyny jest za pomoca rnimosrodu przesuwany ku górze, a równoczesnie drugi stempel umieszczony u góry ,na skutek przeciwcisnienia wytlacza z ma¬ terialu w matrycy tabletke, która po cofnieciu sie stempla górnego zostaje wycisnieta z matrycy przez dolny stempel. Polozenie obu stempli mozna regulowac, dzieki czemu zmienia sie wypelnienie matrycy, a takze cisnienie tloczenia. Przez odpo¬ wiednie nastawienie obu stempli mozna uzyskiwac sile nacisku na czolowa powierzchnie tabletek wy¬ noszaca kilka ton, dzieki czemu uzyskuje sie za¬ dana wytrzymalosc na zlamanie wynoszaca 5 kG/mm sciany walca.Otrzymany nosnik prazy sie w temperaturze 600°C w ciagu 5 godzin, otrzymujac 960 g produk¬ tu. Czesc tego produktu stosuje sie do próby ozna¬ czania zdolnosci pochlaniania wody przez nosnik. 150 g Ni(No3)2. 6H20 rozpuszcza sie w takiej ilosci wody, która ulega równomiernemu wchlonieciu przez cala ilosc nosnika uzytego do próby. W obro¬ towym bebnie nosnik nasyca sie równomiernie roztworem azotanu niklu i wypraza w temperatu¬ rze 400°C. Nastepnie ponownie oznacza sie ilosc 5 wody pobierana przez katalizator i w tej ilosci wo^ dy rozpuszcza 2,1 g H^(PtCL6), roztwór ten nanosi sie równomiernie na katalizator i ponownie prazy w ciagu 6 godzin w temperaturze 6Ó0°C. Otrzymuje sie 1 kg gotowego katalizatora zawierajacego 10 0,1% Pt i 3,0% Ni. Wytrzymalosc jego na zlama¬ nie mierzona na scianie walca wynosi przecietnie 16 kG/mm. Katalizator nie zawiera siarki ani sodu.Przyklad II. 1150 g roztworu szkla wodnego (Na20.3,9SiOa) o gestosci 31,3° Be rozciencza sie w odsolona woda do objetosci 5 litrów i mieszajac wlewa powoli w temperaturze pokojowej do 25 litrów roztworu zawierajacego 5080 g Al(NOs)3 • 9H20 w odsolonej wodzie, po czym dodaje sie ste¬ zonego amoniaku az do otrzymania wartosci pH 20 7—8,5. Nastepnie miesza sie w ciagu 2 godzin, od¬ sacza i osad przemywa odsolona woda az do zaniku jonów azotanowych. Osad suszy sie w temperatu¬ rze 150°C, po czym granuluje i tabletkuje w spo¬ sób analogiczny do opisanego w przykladzie I, ale 25 wypraza sie w temperaturze 900°C, po czym po¬ krywa niklem i platyna w sposób opisany w przy¬ kladzie I i wypraza w temperaturze 600°C. Otrzy¬ muje sie 1000 g katalizatora, w którym nosnik stanowi krzemiaa .glinu (mulit). Katalizator za- 30 wiera 0,1% Pt, 3,0% Ni, 69,0% A1208 i 27,5°/o Si02 oraz 0,04% Na, natomiast analiza nie wykazuje za¬ wartosci siarki. Wytrzymalosc katalizatora na zla¬ manie mierzona na walcowatej powierzchni tablet¬ ki wynosi 14 kG. 35 40 Przyklad III. Postepuje sie w sposób ana¬ logiczny do opisanego w przykladzie I, ale do im¬ pregnacji stosuje sie roztwory zawierajace 4,2 g kwasu chloroplatynowego, 100 g Ni(NOa)2. 6H20 i 100 g Co(N03)2. 6H20. Gotowy katalizator zawiera jako czynne skladniki 0,2% platyny, 2,0% niklu i 2,0% kobaltu. Analiza nie wykazuje zawartosci siarki ani sodu, a wytrzymalosc na zlamanie wy¬ nosi 15 kG. 45 Przyklad IV. Wytwarza sie katalizator spo¬ sobem analogicznym do opisanego w przykladzie ' I, ale stosujac 'do impregnowania roztwory zawie¬ rajace 6,3 g kwasu szesciochloroplatynowego i 250 g Co(N03)2. 6H20. Gotowy katalizator zawiera jako 50 czynne skladniki 0,3% platyny i 5% kobaltu, na¬ tomiast stosujac znane metody analizy nie wy¬ krywa sie w nim siarki ani sodu. Wytrzymalosc na zlamanie tabletek 3 mm wynosi przecietnie 17 kG. 55 Przyklad V. Oznacza sie zdolnosc wchlania¬ nia wody przez dwa walcowate monolity o sredni¬ cy 100 mm i ciezarze po 500 g, wykonane z poro¬ watego dwutlenku krzemu i majace wewnatrz 60 kanaly o srednicy 2,5 mm, biegnace równolegle do podluznej osi walca, po czym monolity te nasyca sie roztworem 150 g azotanu niklu w takiej ilosci odsolonej wody, jaka jest potrzebna do calkowi¬ tego zwilzenia kazdego z monolitów. Jeden z mo- 65 nolitów kalcynuje sie, pokrywa platyna i ponownie79 501 kalcynuje w sposób opisany w przykladzie I, na¬ tomiast drugi suszy sie w temperaturze 100° po*o*iawia na noc w % n roztworze wodorotlenku sodowego, przeprowadzajac azotan niklu znajdu¬ jacy sie w porach nosnika w wodorotlenek niklu.Nastepnie drugi monolit wypraza sie w tempera¬ turze 4C0PC, wymywa jony sodu odsolona woda W sposób opisany w przykladzie I i nasyca roztwo¬ rem kwasu szeseiochloroplatynowego, po czym za¬ nurza w i n roztworze wodorotlenku amonu, wy¬ tracajac szesciochloroplatynian amonu, który na¬ stepnie przeprowadza sie w wolna platyne, wypra¬ zajac w temperaturze do 600PC.Oba otrzymane katalizatory w postaci monoli¬ tów zawieraja jako czynne skladniki 0,1% platyny i 3,0% niklu, natomiast nie zawieraja siarki ani sodu.Przyklad VI. Otrzymany w sposób opisany w przykladzie I katalizator, zawierajacy 0,1% Pt i 3,0% Ni na tlenku glinu bada sie jako kataliza¬ tor do oczyszczania gazów spalinowych. Kataliza¬ tor ten w ilosci 3,5 litra umieszcza sie w naczyniu o ksztalcie walca, polaczonym z czterócylindro- wym silnikiem stacjonarnym o pojemnosci skoko¬ wej 1700 ml. Liczba obrotów silnika wynosi 3000 na 1 minute, jako paliwo stosuje sie zwykla benzyne, zawierajaca okolo 0,5% olowiu. Gazy od¬ lotowe z silnika w przeliczeniu na suchy gaz za¬ wieraja 2,5 — 3,0% objetosciowych tlenku wegla i 500 — 1200 czesci weglowodorów (jako heksan) na 4 milion czesci gazu, zas reszte stanowi dwutle¬ nek wegla, azot i para wodna. Do gazów spalino¬ wych dodaje sie 5—10% tlenu, w przeliczeniu na suchy gaz.W analogicznych warunkach przeprowadza sie próbe, stosujac katalizator porównawczy, zawiera¬ jacy 0,1% Pt i 3,0% Ni na nosniku z tlenku glinu, przy czym katalizator ten zawiera 0,30% siarki i 0,4% sodu.Zaden z badanych katalizatorów w chwili roz¬ poczynania próby nie zawieral olowiu w ilosciach dajacych sie wykryc. Wyniki prób prowadzonych dla kazdego z tych katalizatorów w czasie do 210 godzin podano w tablicy 1. W tablicy tej podano dla obu katalizatorów zawartosc tlenku wegla w 10 25 30 35 40 45 gazach po przejsciu przez katalizator i lizatora wedlug wynalazku zaw*xt«#c weglowodo¬ rów w przeliczeniu na heksan. Wartosci te poda¬ no w czesciach na milion.Zawartosc olowiu w obu katalizatorach po wy¬ konaniu próby wynosi Q,5% wagowych i kataliza¬ tor porównawczy zawiera 0,2% wagowych siarki, podczas gdy analiza nie wykazuje obecnosci siar¬ ki w katalizatorze otrzymanym sposobem wedlug wynalazku. Za wyjatkiem okresu czasu ód 193 go¬ dziny do konca trwania próby, w którym to cza¬ sie katalizator otrzymany sposobem wedlug wy¬ nalazku stosowano w temperaturze 1000*0, tem¬ peratura pracy obu katalizatorów wynosi 400— 700°C. Aktywnosc katalizatora otrzymanego sposo¬ bem wedlug wynalazku w temperaturze 350— 1000°C jest jednakowa. Temperatura palenia sie katalizatora wedlug wynalazku po 210 godzinach próby wynosi 1909C, natomiast temperatura palenia sie katalizatora porównawczego juz po 60 godzi¬ nach pracy wynosi 3009C. Wartosci te swiadcza o tym, ze katalizator wedlug wynalazku ma trwa¬ la aktywnosc. Czas trwania próby 210 godzin od¬ powiada trasie przejazdu silnikowego na trasie co najmniej okolo 15 000 km.Przyklad VII. Katalizator wytworzony spo¬ sobem wedlug wynalazku opisany w przykladzie I i znany katalizator porównawczy podany w przy¬ kladzie VI poddaje sie próbom w celu oznaczenia ich zdolnosci do usuwania tlenków azotu z gazów spalinowych. Próby prowadzi sie w warunkach opisanych w przykladzie VI z ta róznica, ze do ga¬ zów spalinowych nie doprowadza sie tlenu, prowa¬ dzac próby w atmosferze redukujacej. Pomiary zawartosci tlenków azotu (NOx) dokonuje sie kaz¬ dorazowo podczas fazy przyspieszenia, zwiekszajac obroty silnika w granicach 2000—5000 na 1 minu¬ te. Zawartosc NOx w gazach doprowadzanych do katalizatorów wynosila 700—1400 czesci na milion, przy czym tlenki te wystepuja przewaznie w posta¬ ci NO. Wyniki prób, to jest zawartosc NOx w cze¬ sciach na milion w gazach po przejsciu przez ka¬ talizatory, podano w tablicy 2.Tablica 1 Czas pracy silnika w godzinach 1 1 10 30 60 100 120 140 170 180 210 Katalizator porównawczy Zawartosc CO 2 < 25 ppm 50 ppm 1000 ppm 2000 ppm 5000 ppm Katalizator wytworzony sposobem wedlug wynalazku Zawartosc CO 3 < 25 ppm < 25 „ <10 „ <10 „ < 25 ppm < 10 ppm < 25 ppm < 25 ppm < 10 ppm Zawartosc weglowodorów 4 40 ppm 30 ppm 60 ppm 30 ppm 40 ppm 20 ppm79 501 10 Tablica 2 Czas pracy silnika godzinach 1 10 50 100 150 200 Zawartosc NOx w czesciach | na Katalizator porównawczy 120 140 160 220 190 240 milion Katalizator wy¬ tworzony sposo¬ bem wedlug wynalazku 110 80 180 130 210 160 PL PLAuthorized by the patent: Sud-Chemie AG, Munich (Federal Republic of Germany). Method of producing a catalyst for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. The subject of the invention is a method of producing a catalyst for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. The fuel is not completely burned and considerable amounts of unreacted or incompletely reacted hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides remain in the exhaust gases. It is also known that these substances are harmful to health and, due to the increasing traffic of vehicles powered by internal combustion engines, pose a serious threat to the environment. Numerous attempts have already been made to remove the above-mentioned harmful substances via the catalytic route. Catalysts containing precious metals were used to convert carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons into harmless combustion products in an oxidizing atmosphere. For this purpose, the gases escaping from the combustion chambers were mixed with the excess air and introduced into the reactor containing the catalyst. As a noble metal in the catalysts, platinum was generally used, but attempts were also made to use less expensive non-noble metals having catalytic properties, e.g. copper, chromium, cobalt, manganese, etc. The active components of the catalyst were usually used on carriers resistant to the action of high temperature to obtain a permanent catalyst. 30 2 Due to the content of mainly carbon monoxide, exhaust gases from combustion engines have reducing properties, and there are known attempts to reduce the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas to nitrogen with the help of those exhaust gas components that are capable of reducing Kings. For this reaction, catalysts containing, in particular, metals useful in the reduction processes, namely copper, nickel, iron, etc., were used, and in order to render these catalysts stable, carriers resistant to high impact were also usually used in this case. temperature. Metal alloys in the form of swarf, shavings, etc. have also been used instead of combining metal with a high-temperature resistant carrier. In order to remove nitrogen oxides, e.g. NO and NO2, hereinafter generally referred to as NOx, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, a device consisting of two reactors with an air supply between them. In the first reactor, largely NOx is removed from the exhaust gases having reducing properties by means of a suitable catalyst, and then air is introduced to produce the oxidizing atmosphere, and then introduced into the second reactor, which contains the catalyst operating in the oxidizing atmosphere. For the catalyst system to be suitable for use in the art, it should meet a number of conditions. First of all, it should be active enough to enable a far-reaching reduction of the content of harmful substances, and this activity should be manifested within wide temperature limits, namely around 200 ° C to 100 ° C. This activity should not change over a long period of operation of the catalytic device because, for practical reasons, the replacement of the catalyst can only take place in steps of about one year or more. In addition, the catalyst should be resistant to the usual catalyst poisons, such as sulfur, and in the case of using a catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas from internal combustion engines, its resistance to H5 to lead is particularly important. Particular requirements are imposed on the strength of the particles. Reactors placed in motor vehicles are subject to constant fluctuations, during which the catalyst particles rub easily, which can cause fouling in the mass of the catalyst and therefore malfunction of the system. it was expected that it is very difficult to produce a catalyst that would meet all these conditions. Platinum catalysts are known to be sensitive to the action of lead and lose their activity when absorbing lead. Catalysts based on base metals age under the action of heat and subjected to the action of temperatures of 700-1000 ° C, they are not active even at a temperature of 100-300 ° C. the inventor makes it possible to obtain a catalyst that does not have the above-described disadvantages of known catalysts and satisfies the conditions set for it satisfactorily. The method of producing a catalyst according to the invention, containing as active ingredients platinum, "nickel and / or cobalt, deposited on a carrier resistant to The temperature effect is that nickel and / or cobalt are first applied to the carrier and then platinum, with the starting products for the production of the carrier and the active substances selected so that the alkali and sulfur content of the catalyst is lower. The carrier is preferably impregnated with a nickel and / or cobalt salt solution and then with a platinum salt solution, the carrier being dried and calcined after each impregnation. It is also possible to lose the active components of the catalyst on the carrier. the carrier may, for example, be a suspension in a salt solution of the active ingredients. From this solution, nickel and / or cobalt oxides are precipitated, for example, with alkali and the platinum is destroyed by the addition of a reducing agent or other losing reagents. The metal compounds or the precious metal are deposited on the surface of the carrier, and the carrier with the deposited metallic components is then dried and ironed. The starting products used are mostly water-soluble salts of platinum, nickel and / or cobalt, for example hexachloroplatinic acid, nickel and / or cobalt chloride, nitrate or acetate. A preferred method of preparing the catalyst is that aluminum alkoxide is used as the starting product, it is hydrolyzed with water, the obtained aluminum hydroxide is dried, formed into shapes and preferably calcined at a temperature. at least 50 ° C., converting the aluminum hydroxide to the aluminum oxide A1208. The obtained alumina particles are first impregnated with an aqueous solution of nickel and / or cobalt salts and then with an aqueous solution of platinum salts, the carrier, after each impregnation, being calcined at a temperature of 350 ° C-700 ° C. The starting products being the active ingredients for the preparation of the catalyst, it is selected so that the platinum content of the catalyst is about 0.01-1 wt% and 0.1-10 wt% nickel and / or cobalt, in particular about 0.05-0.3 wt% platinum. and about 1-5% by weight of nickel and / or cobalt. The weight ratio of platinum to nickel and / or cobalt, based on metals, is from about 1: 1000 to 10.1, preferably from about 1: 100 to about 1: 3. If a mixture of nickel and cobalt is used as the active ingredient, the weight ratio of these metals is preferably from about 1: 100 to about 100: 1, in particular from 1:10 to 10: 1. The catalyst has good activity as active ingredient. in addition to "platinum", only nickel; the catalyst obtained by the process of the invention preferably contains, for example, 98.95-94.7% by weight of the carrier, 0.05-0.3% by weight of platinum and 1-5% by weight of nickel. According to the invention, all known oxidizing carriers that do not break down and have high resistance to abrasion and temperature variation are used as carriers for the preparation of catalysts. These properties are achieved in such a way that the carriers are calibrated at temperature. above 500 ° C., preferably at a temperature of 600-1200 ° C. These carriers or the products used in their preparation should be practically free of sulfur and fluxes such as alkali, and their alkali content should not exceed 0.05% by weight. A suitable nose These substances include, but are not limited to, aluminum oxides, silicon dioxide, aluminum silicates, and others, for example, magnesium silicate, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide and zirconium dioxide. These substances may be used individually or in mixtures. An alumina carrier produced by the evaporation of aluminum hydroxide obtained by hydrolysis of organic aluminum compounds, in particular aluminum alkoxides, is particularly preferred. Such a carrier contains virtually no sulfur and no alkali. The carriers are usually used in the form of lumps. In order to limit the abrasion of the catalyst and to obtain a uniform flow of the gas to be treated, the carrier is preferably made in the form of an extrudate, tablets with a diameter of preferably about 1.0-5 mm, especially 1.5-3 mm. or in the form of monoliths with channels. In order to limit the abrasion of the catalyst, notwithstanding the procedures described above, the catalyst material is pressed into extrudates or tablets under very high pressure. The catalyst shapes 79 501 should be able to withstand a force of 3 kg, preferably 5 kg, per mm of length measured along the cylindrical wall. The catalyst obtained by the method of the invention in the form of monoliths is cylindrical or rectangular elements through which they run parallel in one direction. The outer diameter of these monoliths is about 20 - 300 mm, and the average value of the diameter of the channels is about 0.5 - 5 mm. The catalyst produced according to the invention in the form of tablets with a diameter of 1.5 - 3 mm has a very high resistance to breaking. when measured on the wall of a cylinder is at least 3 kg, and preferably about 5 kg / mm. It is very resistant to temperature fluctuations and has been found to have unexpectedly high insensitivity to lead. The catalyst obtained by the process of the invention is used for the treatment of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. For the removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a reducing atmosphere, this catalyst is used without adding air, and for the removal of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, which is preferably done after the removal of nitrogen oxides, it is used in an oxidizing atmosphere. The method according to the invention is described in detail in the following examples. Example 1 1.5 kg of aluminum ethanol are mixed at room temperature with 10 liters of desalted water and the resulting suspension is stirred overnight. in order to obtain complete decomposition. The suspension is then filtered off, the precipitate washed with lukewarm water, dried at a temperature of 120 ° C and granulated into particles with a diameter of not more than 0.5 mm. The granules are formed into tablets with a thickness of 3 mm and a diameter of 3 mm on a tabletting machine. These tablets have an average fracture toughness of 5 kg / mm measured on a cylinder wall. An eccentric machine having a matrix with a pellet feed line is used for tabletting. The die ends at the bottom with a movable lower punch, which is shifted upwards during the machine operation, and at the same time a second punch placed at the top, due to the counter-pressure, extrudes a tablet from the material in the die, which after the punch is withdrawn the upper one is pressed out of the die by the lower punch. The position of both punches is adjustable, so that the filling of the die as well as the pressing pressure are changed. By appropriately adjusting both punches, it is possible to obtain a pressing force of several tons on the front surface of the tablets, thanks to which the desired breaking strength of 5 kg / mm of the cylinder wall is obtained. The resulting carrier is wrapped at a temperature of 600 ° C during 5 hours, yielding 960 g of the product. Part of this product is used to test the water-absorbing capacity of a carrier. 150 g Ni (No3) 2. 6H 2 O is dissolved in the amount of water which is evenly absorbed by the entire amount of test medium. In a rotating drum, the carrier is uniformly saturated with the nickel nitrate solution and calcined at 400 ° C. Then the amount of water taken up by the catalyst is determined again, and 2.1 g of H 2 (PtCL 6) are dissolved in this water amount, this solution is evenly applied to the catalyst and re-sprinkled for 6 hours at 60 ° C. 1 kg of finished catalyst is obtained, containing 0.1% Pt and 3.0% Ni. Its fracture strength, measured on the wall of the cylinder, is on average 16 kg / mm. The catalyst does not contain sulfur or sodium. Example II. 1150 g of a water glass solution (Na20.3.9SiOa) with a density of 31.3 ° B is diluted in salted water to the volume of 5 liters and, while stirring, slowly pour at room temperature to 25 liters of a solution containing 5080 g of Al (NOs) 3 • 9H20 in in desalted water, and then concentrated ammonia is added until the pH is between 7 and 8.5. It is then stirred for 2 hours, filtered and the precipitate washed with salted water until the disappearance of nitrate ions. The precipitate is dried at a temperature of 150 ° C, then granulated and pelleted in a manner analogous to that described in Example 1, but it is crushed at 900 ° C, and then it is covered with nickel and platinum as described in ¬ clade I and roast at 600 ° C. The obtained catalyst is 1000 g, in which the carrier is aluminum silicate (mullite). The catalyst contains 0.1% Pt, 3.0% Ni, 69.0% Al 2 O8, 27.5% SiO 2, and 0.04% Na, while the analysis shows no sulfur content. The fracture strength of the catalyst, measured on the cylindrical surface of the tablet, is 14 kg. 35 40 Example III. The procedure is analogous to that described in Example 1, but for the impregnation, solutions containing 4.2 g of chloroplatinic acid, 100 g of Ni (NOa) 2 are used. 6H 2 O and 100 g Co (NO 3) 2. 6H20. The finished catalyst contains 0.2% platinum, 2.0% nickel and 2.0% cobalt as active ingredients. The analysis shows no sulfur or sodium and the fracture strength is 15 kg. 45 Example IV. The catalyst was prepared by a method analogous to that described in Example 1, but using for impregnation solutions containing 6.3 g of hexachloroplatinic acid and 250 g of Co (NO3) 2. 6H20. The finished catalyst contains 0.3% of platinum and 5% of cobalt as active components, and no sulfur or sodium can be detected by known methods of analysis. The breaking strength of 3 mm tablets is on average 17 kg. 55 Example 5 The water absorption capacity of two cylindrical monoliths 100 mm in diameter and 500 g each, made of porous silicon dioxide and having 60 channels 2.5 mm in diameter running parallel to the longitudinal the axis of the roll, and the monoliths are then impregnated with a solution of 150 g of nickel nitrate in the amount of salted water needed to completely wet each monolith. One of the monoliths is calcined, covered with platinum and re-calcined as described in Example 1, while the other is dried at 100 ° C for the night in sodium hydroxide solution, with nickel nitrate found It is formed in the pores of the carrier into nickel hydroxide. The second monolith is then precipitated at 4C0PC, the sodium ions are washed with desalted water as described in Example 1, and saturated with hexesiochloroplatinic acid solution, and then the wine is drenched with ammonium hydroxide solution. losing ammonium hexachloroplatinate, which is gradually converted to free platinum, and calcined at a temperature of up to 600 ° C. Both the obtained monolithic catalysts contain 0.1% of platinum and 3.0% of nickel as active ingredients, while not contain sulfur and sodium. Example VI. The catalyst obtained as described in Example 1, containing 0.1% Pt and 3.0% Ni on alumina, is tested as a catalyst for flue gas purification. 3.5 liters of this catalyst is placed in a cylinder-shaped vessel connected to a four-cylinder inboard engine with a stroke capacity of 1700 ml. The engine speed is 3000 per minute and the fuel is regular gasoline with a lead content of about 0.5%. Engine exhaust gas in terms of dry gas contains 2.5-3.0% by volume of carbon monoxide and 500-1200 parts of hydrocarbons (as hexane) per 4 million parts of gas, the rest being carbon dioxide, nitrogen. and steam. 5-10% oxygen, calculated as dry gas, is added to the flue gas. In analogous conditions, a test is carried out using a comparative catalyst containing 0.1% Pt and 3.0% Ni on an alumina carrier. This catalyst contains 0.30% sulfur and 0.4% sodium. None of the tested catalysts contained detectable amounts of lead at the start of the test. The results of tests carried out for each of these catalysts for up to 210 hours are given in Table 1. This table shows the carbon monoxide content in the gases after passing through the catalyst and the lyser according to the invention for both catalysts, including * xt hydrocarbons expressed as hexane. These values are given in parts per million. The lead content of both catalysts after the test is Q.5 wt% and the comparative catalyst contains 0.2 wt% sulfur, while the analysis shows no sulfur in the catalyst. obtained by the method according to the invention. Except for the time period of 193 hours to the end of the test, in which time the catalyst obtained according to the invention was used at a temperature of 1000 ° C, the operating temperature of both catalysts was 400-700 ° C. The activity of the catalyst obtained by the process according to the invention is the same at 350 to 1000 ° C. The burning temperature of the catalyst according to the invention after 210 hours of test is 1909C, while the burning temperature of the comparative catalyst after 60 hours of use is 3009C. These values show that the catalyst according to the invention has a stable activity. The test duration of 210 hours corresponds to a motorized journey of at least 15,000 km. Example VII. The catalyst prepared according to the invention described in Example 1 and the known comparative catalyst of Example VI are tested in order to determine their ability to remove nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases. The tests are carried out under the conditions described in Example VI, with the difference that no oxygen is supplied to the exhaust gas when the tests are conducted in a reducing atmosphere. Measurements of the content of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are made each time during the acceleration phase, increasing the engine speed in the range of 2000-5000 per minute. The content of NOx in the gases fed to the catalysts was 700-1400 parts per million, these oxides mostly in the form of NO. The test results, that is, the NOx content in parts per million of the gases after passing through the catalysts, are given in Table 2. Table 1 Engine running time in hours 1 1 10 30 60 100 120 140 170 180 210 Comparative catalyst CO 2 content <25 ppm 50 ppm 1000 ppm 2000 ppm 5000 ppm Catalyst prepared according to the invention Content of CO 3 <25 ppm <25 "<10" <10 "<25 ppm <10 ppm <25 ppm <25 ppm <10 ppm Content of hydrocarbons 4 40 ppm 30 ppm 60 ppm 30 ppm 40 ppm 20 ppm79 501 10 Table 2 Engine running time hours 1 10 50 100 150 200 NOx content in parts | per Comparative catalyst 120 140 160 220 190 240 million Catalyst prepared by the method according to the invention 110 80 180 130 210 160 PL PL

Claims (9)

1. Zastrzezenia patentowe 1. Sposób wytwarzania katalizatora do oczyszcza¬ nia gazów odlotowych z silników spalinowych, zawierajacego jako czynne skladniki platyne, ni¬ kiel i/lub kobalt na nosniku odpornym na dziala¬ nie temperatury, znamienny tym, ze na nosnik najpierw nanosi sie nikiel i/lub kobalt i nastepnie platyne, przy czym produkty wyjsciowe do wytwa¬ rzania nosnika i substancje czynne dobiera sie tak, aby zawartosc alkalii i zawartosc siarki w katali¬ zatorze byla mniejsza niz 0,05% wagowych.1. Claims 1. A method for the preparation of a catalyst for the purification of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, containing platinum, nickel and / or cobalt as active components on a temperature-resistant carrier, characterized in that the carrier is first applied to the carrier. nickel and / or cobalt followed by platinum, the carrier starting materials and active ingredients being chosen such that the alkali content and sulfur content of the catalyst is less than 0.05% by weight. 2. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, ze produkty wyjsciowe stanowiace skladniki czynne katalizatora dobiera sie tak, ze zawartosc platyny w gotowym katalizatorze wynosi 0,1—1% wago¬ wego, a zawartosc niklu i/lub kobaltu wynosi 0,1—10% wagowych.2. The method according to claim The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the active ingredients of the starting products of the catalyst are selected such that the platinum content of the finished catalyst is 0.1-1 wt%, and the nickel and / or cobalt content is 0.1-10 wt%. 3. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2, znamienny tym, ze nosnik nasyca sie najpierw roztworem so¬ li niklu i/lub roztworem soli kobaltu, a nastepnie 10 15 25 30 35 roztworem soli platyny, przy czym nosnik po kaz¬ dorazowym nasyceniu suszy sie i kalcynuje.3. The method according to p. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the carrier is impregnated first with a nickel salt solution and / or a cobalt salt solution and then with a platinum salt solution, the carrier being dried and calcined after each impregnation. 4. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2 albo 3, zna¬ mienny tym, ze jako nosnik stosuje sie tlenek gli¬ nu, dwutlenek krzemu, krzemian glinu i/lub krze¬ mian magnezu, tlenek magnezu, dwutlenek tyta¬ nu i/lub dwutlenek cyrkonu.4. The method according to p. 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that alumina, silicon dioxide, aluminum silicate and / or magnesium silicate, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide and / or zirconium dioxide are used as the carrier. 5. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2, albo 3 albo 4, znamienny tym, ze do wytwarzania nosnika jako produkt wyjsciowy stosuje sie alkoholan glinu, któ¬ ry hydrolizuje sie za pomoca wody i otrzymany wodorotlenek glinu suszy sie, a otrzymany produkt formuje sie w ksztaltki i przez kalcynowanie przeksztalca w tlenek glinu, otrzymane ksztaltki najpierw nasyca sie wodnym roztworem soli niklu i/lub kobaltu i nastepnie wodnym roztworem soli platyny, a nosnik po kazdorazowym nasyceniu kal¬ cynuje sie w temperaturze 350—700°C.5. The method according to p. 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that aluminum alkoxide is used as a starting product for the production of the carrier, which is hydrolyzed with water and the obtained aluminum hydroxide is dried and the product obtained is formed into shapes and by calcining the transformer into alumina, the resulting particles are first impregnated with an aqueous solution of nickel and / or cobalt salts and then with an aqueous solution of platinum salts, and the carrier, after each impregnation, is calcinated at a temperature of 350-700 ° C. 6. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2, albo 3, albo 4, albo &, znamienny tym, ze stosuje sie nosnik w po¬ staci wytloczek, tabletek albo w postaci monolitów z kanalami.6. The method according to p. A carrier as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier is in the form of an extrudate, tablets or monoliths with channels. 7. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 1 albo 2, albo 3, albo 4, albo 5, znamienny tym, ze stosuje sie nosnik w po¬ staci wytloczek i tabletek, których srednia war¬ tosc srednicy wynosi 1,5—5 mm.7. The method according to p. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier is in the form of extrudates and tablets, the average diameter of which is 1.5-5 mm. 8. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 6, znamienny tym, ze stosuje sie nosnik w postaci walcowatych wytlo¬ czek lub tabletek, których wytrzymalosc na zla¬ manie, mierzona na scianie walca, wynosi co naj¬ mniej 3 kG/1 mm, korzystnie 5 kG na 1 mm dlu¬ gosci walcowatej sciany.8. The method according to p. 6. The method of claim 6, characterized in that the carrier is in the form of cylindrical extrudates or tablets, the breaking strength of which, measured on the wall of the cylinder, is at least 3 kg / 1 mm, preferably 5 kg per mm of length. cylindrical wall. 9. Sposób wedlug zastrz. 6, znamienny tym, ze stosuje sie nosnik w postaci monolitów z wew¬ netrznymi kanalami o sredniej wartosci srednicy 0,5—5 mm. PL PL9. The method according to p. 6. The method of claim 6, wherein the monolithic carrier with internal channels has an average diameter of 0.5-5 mm. PL PL
PL1972157544A 1971-09-01 1972-09-01 PL79501B1 (en)

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DE19712143789 DE2143789C3 (en) 1971-09-01 Process for the production of catalytic converters and the use thereof for cleaning exhaust gases from internal combustion engines

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CA (1) CA994318A (en)
CH (1) CH571890A5 (en)
CS (1) CS157607B2 (en)
DK (1) DK142266C (en)
FR (1) FR2150782B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1368661A (en)
IL (1) IL40262A (en)
IT (1) IT962112B (en)
NL (1) NL7211789A (en)
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JPS5343316B2 (en) * 1973-07-13 1978-11-18
JPS542912B2 (en) * 1973-09-10 1979-02-15
GB2024646B (en) * 1978-07-10 1983-05-05 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Catalytic oxidation of smoke in exhaust gases
JPS6135853A (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-02-20 Nikki Universal Co Ltd Carbon monoxide removing catalyst
US7150861B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2006-12-19 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Catalyst for purification of exhaust gases and process for purification of exhaust gases
DE102018128152A1 (en) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-14 Man Energy Solutions Se Process for the aftertreatment of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine

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SE381576B (en) 1975-12-15
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CA994318A (en) 1976-08-03
CH571890A5 (en) 1976-01-30
DE2143789B2 (en) 1976-04-01
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RO62454A (en) 1978-01-15
DE2143789A1 (en) 1973-03-22
GB1368661A (en) 1974-10-02
IL40262A (en) 1976-01-30
CS157607B2 (en) 1974-09-16
AT322515B (en) 1975-05-26
IL40262A0 (en) 1972-10-29
SU460606A3 (en) 1975-02-15
BR7206055D0 (en) 1973-08-30
FR2150782A1 (en) 1973-04-13
FR2150782B1 (en) 1980-03-14
IT962112B (en) 1973-12-20

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