DK142266B - FIVE-METHOD FOR CATALYTY MANUFACTURER FOR CATALYTIC CLEANING OF GAS EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES - Google Patents

FIVE-METHOD FOR CATALYTY MANUFACTURER FOR CATALYTIC CLEANING OF GAS EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES Download PDF

Info

Publication number
DK142266B
DK142266B DK396772AA DK396772A DK142266B DK 142266 B DK142266 B DK 142266B DK 396772A A DK396772A A DK 396772AA DK 396772 A DK396772 A DK 396772A DK 142266 B DK142266 B DK 142266B
Authority
DK
Denmark
Prior art keywords
catalyst
platinum
nickel
catalyty
manufacturer
Prior art date
Application number
DK396772AA
Other languages
Danish (da)
Other versions
DK142266C (en
Inventor
C E Hofstadt
R Fahn
M Schneider
G Donga
Original Assignee
Sued Chemie Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19712143789 external-priority patent/DE2143789C3/en
Application filed by Sued Chemie Ag filed Critical Sued Chemie Ag
Publication of DK142266B publication Critical patent/DK142266B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DK142266C publication Critical patent/DK142266C/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/89Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9463Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
    • B01D53/9472Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different zones
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/10Oxidants
    • B01D2251/102Oxygen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1021Platinum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20746Cobalt
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/207Transition metals
    • B01D2255/20753Nickel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Description

142266142266

Det er kendt, at brændstoffer ved driften af forbrændingsmotorer ikke forbrændes restløst. I forbrændingsafgasserne er der endnu betydelige mængder ikke eller kun ufuldstændigt omsatte carbonhydrider, carbonmonoxid og nitrogenoxider. Det er ligeledes kendt, at disse stoffer er sundhedsskadelige, og at de på grund af den tiltagende færdselstæthed udgør en alvorlig fare.It is known that fuels in the operation of internal combustion engines are not incinerated incinerated. In the combustion exhaust gases, there are still significant amounts of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, or only incompletely reacted. It is also known that these substances are harmful to health and that, due to the increasing density of traffic, they pose a serious danger.

Der er foretaget talrige forsøg på at fjerne de nævnte skadelige stoffer ad katalytisk vej. Hertil anvendtes til at begynde med ædelmetalholdige katalysatorer til i oxiderende atmosfære at omdanne carbonmonoxidet og carbonhydriderne til uskadelige forbrændingsprodukter. Hertil blev de fra forbrændingskamrene udtrædende afgasser efter tilsætning af luftoverskud tilført den i en reaktor værende katalysator. I stedet for ædelmetaller, i reglen platin, har det heller ikke manglet på forsøg på at anvende billige, katalytisk virksomme ikke-ædelmetaller (Cu, Cr, Co, Mn etc.).Numerous attempts have been made to remove the aforementioned catalytic pathways. For this purpose, initially, precious metal-containing catalysts were used to convert the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons into harmless combustion products in an oxidizing atmosphere. To this end, the gases exiting the combustion chambers after the addition of excess air were fed to the catalyst in a reactor. Instead of precious metals, usually platinum, it has also not lacked attempts to use cheap, catalytically active non-precious metals (Cu, Cr, Co, Mn etc.).

De aktive metaller anbringes for deres stabilisering mest på temperaturbestandige bærestoffer.For their stabilization, the active metals are placed mostly on temperature resistant carriers.

De af forbrændingskamrene udtrædende gasser har i første linie på grund af carbonmonoxid-indholdet reducerende egenskaber. Der kendes forsøg, ved hvilke nitrogen-oxider omsættes katalytisk med de reducerende bestanddele i afgasseme til nitrogen. Disse katalysatorer indeholder fortrinsvis metaller, som er egnede til reduktionen (Cu,The gases emitted from the combustion chambers have, in the first line, due to the carbon monoxide content reducing properties. There are known experiments in which nitrogen oxides are catalytically reacted with the reducing components in the exhaust gases to nitrogen. These catalysts preferably contain metals suitable for the reduction (Cu,

Ni, Fe etc.). Til stabilisering anvendes der også her for det meste temperaturbestandige bærere.Ni, Fe, etc.). For stabilization, mostly temperature-resistant carriers are also used here.

Det er ligeledes kendt at anvende metallegeringer i form af spåner, uld etc. i stedet for kombination af aktivt metal-temperaturbestan-dige bærere.It is also known to use metal alloys in the form of chips, wool, etc. in place of the combination of active metal temperature resistant carriers.

For at fjerne nitrogenoxider, som f. eks. NO, NOg (i det følgende alment betegnet som NO ), carbonmonoxid og carbonhydrider, er der Λ udtænkt systemer, som består af to reaktorer med derimellem indskudt lufttilførsel.To remove nitrogen oxides, such as NO, NOg (hereinafter commonly referred to as NO), carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, there are Λ devised systems consisting of two reactors with intermittent air supply.

2 142266 I den første reaktor skal de reducerende virkende afgasser befries vidtgående for NO^-gasserne ved hjælp af en egnet katalysator. I tilslutning hertil tilføres der afgasserne luft for at frembringe en oxiderende atmosfære. Åfgasserne tilføres så den anden reaktor med en i oxiderende atmosfære virksom katalysator.In the first reactor, the reducing acting gases must be liberated far from the NO 2 gases by a suitable catalyst. Subsequently, the exhaust gases are supplied with air to produce an oxidizing atmosphere. The exhaust gases are then fed to the second reactor with an oxidizing atmosphere catalyst.

Teknisk brugbare katalysatorsysterner må kunne opfylde forskellige forudsætninger:Technically useful catalyst systems must be able to fulfill different requirements:

For det første må katalysatoren være aktiv nok til at nedsætte de omtalte skadelige stoffer til en minimal rest. Tillige må denne aktivitet være til stede i et stort temperaturområde (ca. 200 til 1000°C).First, the catalyst must be active enough to reduce the aforementioned harmful substances to a minimal residue. Also, this activity must be present in a large temperature range (about 200 to 1000 ° C).

Aktiviteten må være til stede i en lang driftsperiode, da en udveksling af katalysatoren af praktiske grunde kun kan foretages med tidsafstande på ea. 1 år eller mere, Katalysatoren må være modstandsdygtig over for typiske katalysatorgifte, som svovl.The activity must be present for a long operating period, since for practical reasons an exchange of the catalyst can only be carried out with time distances of ea. 1 year or more, the catalyst must be resistant to typical catalyst poisons, such as sulfur.

Fremdeles er bestandigheden over for bly af stor vigtighed ved den særlige anvendelse som katalysator for afgasser.Still, the resistance to lead is of great importance in the particular application as a catalyst for exhaust gases.

Særlige krav må der stilles til styrken af katalysatorsmådelene.Particular requirements must be set for the strength of the catalyst means.

De på motorkøretøjer anbragte reaktorer er udsat for stadige svingninger. Katalysatordelene afgnides derfor let af hinanden, hvad der kan føre til kanaldannelse og dermed til svigten af systemet.The reactors located on motor vehicles are subject to constant fluctuations. The catalyst portions are therefore easily cut off from one another, which can lead to channel formation and thus to the failure of the system.

Man må derfor vente, at det er vanskeligt at fremstille en katalysator, der opfylder alle krav. Platihkatalysatorer er som bekendt blyfølsomme og mister ved blyoptagelse deres aktivitet. Katalysatorer på ikke-ædelmetalbasis har tilbøjelighed til termisk ældning og mister deres aktivitet i området fra 100 til 300°C, når de udsættes for temperaturer på 700 til 1000°C.Therefore, one must expect that it is difficult to produce a catalyst that meets all requirements. As is well known, platinum catalysts are lead sensitive and lose their activity upon lead uptake. Non-precious metal-based catalysts are prone to thermal aging and lose their activity in the range of 100 to 300 ° C when subjected to temperatures of 700 to 1000 ° C.

Det lykkedes nu at finde en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en katalysator, der på tilfredsstillende måde opfylder de stillede krav. Fremgangsmåden er af den art, ved hvilken der på formede temperaturbestandige bærere påføres platin- og nikkel- og/eller koboltforbindelser som aktive komponenter, hvorefter disse tørres og cal- 142266 3 cineres ved høje temperaturer, og fremgangsmåden er ejendommelig ved, at man først påfører nikkelet og/eller kobolten på bæreren og derefter platinen, idet alkali- og svovlindholdet af den færdige katalysator holdes under 0,05 vægt%, at dens platinindhold holdes på 0,01 til 1 vægt%, og dens nikkel- og/eller koboltindhold på 0,1 til 10 vægt%.We have now succeeded in finding a process for producing a catalyst which satisfies satisfactorily the requirements set. The process is of the kind in which platinum and nickel and / or cobalt compounds are applied to shaped temperature-resistant carriers as active components, after which they are dried and calcined at high temperatures, and the process is characterized by first applying the nickel and / or cobalt on the support and then the platinum, keeping the alkali and sulfur content of the finished catalyst below 0.05% by weight, its platinum content being 0.01 to 1% by weight, and its nickel and / or cobalt content of 0.1 to 10% by weight.

Fortrinsvis udgør katalysatorens platinindhold på ca. 0,05 til 0,3 vægt#, medens nikkel- eller koboltindholdet eller indholdet af begge fortrinsvis udgør ca. 1 til 5 vægt#. Vægtforholdet mellem platin og nikkel eller kobolt eller begge disse (beregnet som" metaller) udgør hensigtsmæssigt ca. 1:1000 til 10:1, fortrinsvis ca. 1:100 til 1:3. Anvendes der en blanding af de aktive komponenter nikkel og kobolt, så udgør vægtforholdet af disse komponenter hensigtsmæssigt ca. 1:100 til 100:1 , fortrinsvis 1:10 til 10:1. Gode aktiviteter fås, når der som yderligere aktive komponenter ved siden af platin kun anvendes nikkel.Preferably the platinum content of the catalyst is approx. 0.05 to 0.3% by weight, while the nickel or cobalt content or content of both preferably amounts to approx. 1 to 5 weight #. The weight ratio of platinum to nickel or cobalt or both of these (calculated as "metals") is suitably about 1: 1000 to 10: 1, preferably about 1: 100 to 1: 3. A mixture of the active components nickel and cobalt is used. , the weight ratio of these components is suitably about 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably 1:10 to 10: 1. Good activities are obtained when, as additional active components besides platinum, only nickel is used.

En foretrukket katalysator kan eksempelvis have følgende sammensætning: Bærer 98,95 - 9*+,7 vægt#, platin 0,05 - 0,3 vægt#, nikkel 1-5 vægt#.For example, a preferred catalyst may have the following composition: Carrier 98.95 - 9 * +, 7 wt #, platinum 0.05 - 0.3 wt #, nickel 1-5 wt #.

Som bærere kan der anvendes alle kendte ikke spaltende virkende oxi-diske bærere med høj slidbestandighed og temperaturbestandighed.As carriers, all known non-cleavage-acting oxide disks with high abrasion resistance and temperature resistance can be used.

Disse egenskaber opnås ved, at bærerne calcineres ved høje temperaturer, f. eks. fra 500°C og opefter. En foretrukket calcinerings-temperatur ligger mellem 600 og 1200°C. Væsentligt er det, at bærerne eller de til deres fremstilling anvendte udgangsstoffer er praktisk fri for svovl. Fremdeles er det væsentligt, at bæreren er så vidt mulig fri for flusmidler, som alkalier. Alkaliindholdet bør ikke overstige 0,05 vægt#.These properties are obtained by calcining the carriers at high temperatures, for example from 500 ° C upwards. A preferred calcination temperature is between 600 and 1200 ° C. Essentially, the carriers or the starting materials used in their manufacture are practically free of sulfur. Still, it is essential that the carrier is as far as possible free of fluxes, such as alkalis. The alkali content should not exceed 0.05 weight #.

Bærere, som tilfredsstiller de nævnte krav, er blandt andet aluminium= oxider, siliciumoxid, aluminium- og andre silikater, titandioxid, magnesiumoxid og zirkondioxid. Disse stoffer kan anvendes enkeltvis eller i blanding.Carriers which satisfy the aforementioned requirements are, among others, aluminum = oxides, silica, aluminum and other silicates, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide and zirconia. These substances can be used individually or in admixture.

4 U2266 Særlig gunstig har en bærer vist sig at være, der blev fremstillet ved hydrolyse af organiske aluminiumforbindelser, fortrinsvis alumi= niumalkoholater., og calcinering af det ved hydrolysen fremkomne aluminiumhydroxid til aluminiumoxid. Denne katalysator er praktisk talt svovl- og alkalifri.In particular, a carrier has been found to be prepared by hydrolysis of organic aluminum compounds, preferably aluminum alcoholates, and calcination of the aluminum hydroxide produced by the hydrolysis to alumina. This catalyst is virtually sulfur- and alkali-free.

Bæreren foreligger i almindelighed i stykform. Til formindskelse af afgnidningen og for at få en regelmæssig gennemstrømning af de gasser, der skal renses, består bæreren fortrinsvis af strengpressede smådele, tabletter eller af med kanaler gennemtrukne monoliter. De strengpressede deles og tabletternes diameter ligger hensigtsmæssigt imellem ca. 1,0 og 5 mm, fortrinsvis mellem 1,5 og 3 mm.The carrier is generally in unitary form. To reduce the abrasion and to have a regular flow of the gases to be purified, the carrier preferably consists of extruded small parts, tablets or duct-drawn monoliths. Conveniently, the diameter of the extruded portions and tablets lies between approx. 1.0 to 5 mm, preferably between 1.5 and 3 mm.

En høj afgnidningsstyrke opnås foruden som ovenfor beskrevet også ved en ekstrem sammenpresning af bærermaterialet til strengpressede små-legemer eller tabletter. Disse katalysatorlegemer må i gennemsnit være bestandige mod kraftpåvirkninger (målt ved cylindervæggen) på 3 kp, fortrinsvis 5 kp pr. mm cylindervæglængde.In addition to being described above, a high abrasion resistance is also achieved by an extreme compression of the support material for extruded small bodies or tablets. These catalyst bodies must, on average, withstand the force effects (measured by the cylinder wall) of 3 kp, preferably 5 kp. mm cylinder wall length.

Ved monoliter skal der forstås af katalysatorbærermateriale bestående cylindriske eller prismatiske legemer, som er gennemtrukket af i én retning parallelt løbende kanaler.By monoliths is meant catalyst support material consisting of cylindrical or prismatic bodies, which are drawn by channels running in one direction parallel to one another.

Anvendes katalysatoren i form af monoliter, har kanalerne en middeldiameter fra ca. 0,5 til 5 mm, fortrinsvis fra ca. 1,5 til 3 mm, idet den ydre diameter af monoliterne kan være ca. 20 til ca. 300 mm.If the catalyst is used in the form of monoliths, the channels have an average diameter of approx. 0.5 to 5 mm, preferably from approx. 1.5 to 3 mm, with the outer diameter of the monoliths being approx. 20 to approx. 300 mm.

Fortrinsvis imprægneres bæreren med en platin- og nikkel- eller kobolt-saltopløsning eller opløsning af begge disse salte, hvorpå den med saltopløsningen imprægnerede bærer tørres og calcineres.Preferably, the support is impregnated with a platinum and nickel or cobalt salt solution or solution of both of these salts, and the carrier impregnated with the salt solution is dried and calcined.

En yderligere mulighed består i at udfælde de aktive komponenter på bæreren. Her kan bæreren eksempelvis være suspenderet i en opløsning af saltene af de aktive komponenter. Fra saltopløsningen udfældes så,f. eks. ved tilsætning af alkali,hydroxiderne af nikkel eller kobolt eller begge disse, og i tilslutning hertil ved hjælp af reduktionsmidler eller andre fældningsreagenser platinet. Metalforbindelserne eller ædelmetallet som sådant udfælder sig på bæreroverfladen, og det således fremkomne katalysatormellemprodukt bliver så overført til slutproduktet ved tørring og calcinering.A further possibility is to precipitate the active components on the support. Here, for example, the carrier may be suspended in a solution of the salts of the active components. From the brine solution then precipitates, f. for example, by the addition of alkali, the hydroxides of nickel or cobalt or both, and subsequently by means of reducing agents or other precipitating reagents platinum. The metal compounds or noble metal as such settle on the support surface, and the resulting catalyst intermediate is then transferred to the final product by drying and calcination.

142266 5142266 5

Som udgangsmaterialer for de aktive komponenter anvender man i almindelighed vandopløselige salte af platinet, nikkelet eller koboltet eller begge disse, eksempelvis hexachloroplatinsyre, nikkel- og kobolt= chlorid, -nitrat eller -acetat.As starting materials for the active components, water-soluble salts of platinum, nickel or cobalt or both, for example hexachloroplatinic acid, nickel and cobalt = chloride, nitrate or acetate, are generally used.

Fortrinsvis fremstilles katalysatoren ved, at man går ud fra et alu= miniumalkoholat og hydrolyserer dette med vand til aluminiumhydroxid, derpå tørrer det fremkomne aluminiumhydroxid og i tilslutning hertil former og ved calcinering omdanner de fremkomne formlegemer ved mindst 500°C til aluminiumoxid. Derpå imprægneres de fremkomne AlgO^-formlegemer med en vandig opløsning af platin- og nikkel- eller koboltsalte eller begge disse og tørrer de med saltopløsningen imprægnerede bærere og i tilslutning hertil calcinerer ved mindst 350°C.Preferably, the catalyst is prepared by starting from an aluminum alcoholate and hydrolyzing it with water to aluminum hydroxide, then drying the resulting aluminum hydroxide and, subsequently, forming forms and, by calcination, the resulting moldings at least 500 ° C into alumina. Then, the resulting AlgO 2 molds are impregnated with an aqueous solution of platinum and nickel or cobalt salts or both, and the carriers impregnated with the saline solution dry and subsequently calcined at at least 350 ° C.

Den på denne måde fremstillede katalysator har, når den foreligger i form af tabletter med ca. 1,5-3 mm's diameter, en meget høj brudstyrke. Brudbelastningen på cylindervæggen udgør pr. mm længde i gennemsnit mindst 3 kp, fortrinsvis ca. 5 kp. Katalysatoren har en høj temperaturvekselbestandighed, og det blev fremdeles konstateret, at dens ufølsorahed over for bly er overraskende høj.The catalyst thus prepared, when in the form of tablets having approx. 1.5-3 mm diameter, a very high breaking strength. The breaking load on the cylinder wall is per. mm length on average at least 3 kp, preferably approx. 5 kp. The catalyst has a high temperature exchange resistance and it was still found that its insensitivity to lead is surprisingly high.

.Til fjernelse af nitrogenoxider (NO ) bliver katalysatoren IndførtTo remove nitrogen oxides (NO), the catalyst is introduced

XX

i en reducerende afgas-atmosfære uden tilblanding af luft.in a reducing gas atmosphere without admixing air.

Til fjernelse af carbonmonoxid og carbonhydrider, som hensigtsmæssigt følger efter fjernelsen af nitrogenoxiderne, bliver katalysatoren anbragt i en oxiderende afgas-atmosfære under tilblanding af luft.To remove carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons which conveniently follow the removal of the nitrogen oxides, the catalyst is placed in an oxidizing exhaust gas atmosphere with admixture of air.

Opfindelsen skal belyses ved de følgende eksempler:The invention will be illustrated by the following examples:

Eksempel 1 1,5 kg aluminiumethoxylat indførtes under omrøring ved stuetemperatur i 10 liter afsaltet vand, og den fremkomne suspension blev omrørt i løbet af natten til fuldstændig spaltning. Efter filtrering blev der udvasket med lunkent vand. Filterkagen blev tørret ved 120°C og derpå granuleret til en maksimal kornstørrelse på 0,5 mm. Granulatet blev ved hjælp af en tabletteringsmaskine formet til tabletter med 3 mm højde og diameter, som målt ved cylindervæggen udviste en gennemsnitlig brudstyrke på 5 kp/mm cylindervæglængde.Example 1 1.5 kg of aluminum ethoxylate was introduced with stirring at room temperature in 10 liters of desalted water and the resulting suspension was stirred overnight to complete decomposition. After filtration, wash with lukewarm water. The filter cake was dried at 120 ° C and then granulated to a maximum grain size of 0.5 mm. The granulate was formed by means of a tableting machine into tablets of 3 mm height and diameter, which measured at the cylinder wall showed an average breaking strength of 5 kp / mm cylinder wall length.

U2266 6U2266 6

Der anvendtes en excentermaskine. Ved tabletteringen fyldes en matrice, som forneden er lukket med et bevægeligt stempel,med det fra fyldeskoen kommende granulat. Under maskinens gang bliver af excenteren det nedre stempel skudt opad, medens samtidigt et yderligere stempel ovenfra ved modtryk sammenpresser materialet i matricen til en tablet , som derpå efter det øvre stempels tilbagegang trykkes ud af matricen af det nedre stempel. Stillingen af det øvre og det nedre stempel kan indstilles individuelt, så at såvel matricefyldningen som pressetrykket varieres. Ved rigtig indstilling af de to stempler kan der frembringes et pressetryk på flere tons på tabletternes endeflader, så at der opnås den nødvendige brudstyrke på 5 kp/mm cylindervæglængde.An eccentric machine was used. In the tableting, a die, which is closed at the bottom with a movable piston, is filled with the granules coming from the filling shoe. During the machine operation, the lower piston is shot upwards by the eccentric, while at the same time a further piston from above, by counterpressure, compresses the material in the matrix into a tablet which is then pushed out of the matrix by the lower piston after the decline of the upper piston. The position of the upper and lower pistons can be adjusted individually so that both the die filling and the pressing pressure are varied. Properly adjusting the two pistons can produce a compressive pressure of several tons on the end faces of the tablets, so that the required breaking strength of 5 kp / mm cylinder wall length is obtained.

Bæreren blev calcineret ved 600°C i 5 timer. Man fik 9&0 g bærer.The support was calcined at 600 ° C for 5 hours. 9 & 0 g of carrier were obtained.

Med en del af bæreren blev dens vandoptagelsesevne bestemt. 150 g Mi(N0^)2, 6H20 opløstes i den mængde vand, som netop blev opsuget af hele bærermængden. Bæreren blev i en roterende tromle imprægneret regelmæssigt med nikkelnitratopløsningen, og det fremkomne katalysatormellemprodukt derpå calcineret ved ^00°0. Efter fornyet bestemmelse af vandoptagelsen blev 2,1 g H2(PtClg) opløst i den beregnede vandmængde og mellemproduktet regelmæssigt imprægneret med hexa-chloroplatinsyren. Til sidst blev der calcineret 6 timer ved 600°C.With part of the carrier, its water uptake ability was determined. 150 g of Mi (NO 2) 2, 6H 2 O was dissolved in the amount of water just absorbed by the entire carrier amount. The carrier was impregnated regularly with the nickel nitrate solution in a rotary drum, and the resulting catalyst intermediate was then calcined at 00 00 ° 0. After re-determining the water uptake, 2.1 g of H2 (PtClg) was dissolved in the calculated amount of water and the intermediate was regularly impregnated with the hexa-chloroplatinic acid. Finally, calcined 6 hours at 600 ° C.

Man fik 1 kg katalysator med 0,1$ platin og 350$ nikkel. Katalysatoren havde en brudstyrke (målt ved cylindervæggen) på gennemsnitlig 16 kp. Hverken svovl eller natrium kunne påvises.1 kg of catalyst was obtained with 0.1 $ platinum and 350 $ nickel. The catalyst had a breaking strength (measured at the cylinder wall) of an average of 16 kp. Neither sulfur nor sodium could be detected.

Eksempel 2 1150 g vandglasopløsning (Na20 . 35 9 Si02) på 31?3°Bé fortyndedes med afs altet vand til 5 liter.Example 2 1150 g of aqueous glass solution (Na 2 O, 35 9 SiO 2) of 31? 3 ° B was diluted with distilled water to 5 liters.

Af 5Ο8Ο g AICNO^)^ · 9 H20 og afsaltet vand fremstilledes 25 liter opløsning. Til aluminiumsaltopløsningen blev vandglasopløsningen langsomt tilført under omrøring ved stuetemperatur. Derpå blev pH-værdien indstillet på 7 til 8,6 med koncentreret ammoniak. Efter endt tilsætning blev der endnu omrørt i 2 timer, derpå filtreret og 142266 7 filterkagen vasket med meget afsaltet vand, indtil nitratpåvisningen i vaskevandet var blevet negativ.Of 5Ο8Ο g of AICNO ^Ο 9 H₂O and desalted water, 25 liters of solution were prepared. To the aluminum salt solution, the aqueous glass solution was slowly added with stirring at room temperature. Then the pH was adjusted to 7 to 8.6 with concentrated ammonia. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued for 2 hours, then filtered and the filter cake washed with much desalted water until the nitrate detection in the wash water became negative.

Kagen blev tørret ved 150°C, derpå som beskrevet i eksempel 1 granuleret, tabletteret, derpå calcineret ved 900°C, som beskrevet i eksempel 1, belagt med nikkel og platin og til sidst calcineret ved 600°C.The cake was dried at 150 ° C, then granulated as described in Example 1, tableted, then calcined at 900 ° C as described in Example 1, coated with nickel and platinum and finally calcined at 600 ° C.

Man fik 1000 g katalysator med aluminiumsilikat (mullit) som bærer.1000 g of catalyst with aluminum silicate (mullite) was obtained as the carrier.

Formel sammensætning: 0,1# Pt 3,0# Ni 69,0# A1203 27,5# Si02Formal composition: 0.1 # Pt 3.0 # Ni 69.0 # A1203 27.5 # Si02

Svovl kunne ikke påvises. Katalysatoren indeholdt 0,0^ Na. Den på cylinderfladen målte brudstyrke var i gennemsnit m kp.Sulfur could not be detected. The catalyst contained 0.0 2 Na. The fracture strength measured on the cylinder surface was, on average, m bp.

Eksempel 3Example 3

Man gik frem som beskrevet i eksempel 1, idet dog de til imprægneringen anvendte væskemængder indeholdt *+,2 g platinchlorhydrogensyre samt 100 g Ni(NQ3)2 , 6 HgO og 100 g Co(N03)2 , 6 HgO.Proceed as described in Example 1, however, containing the amounts of liquid used for the impregnation contained * +, 2 g platinum chlorohydrogenic acid and 100 g Ni (NQ3) 2, 6 HgO and 100 g Co (NO3) 2, 6 HgO.

Den færdige katalysator indeholder som aktive komponenter 0,2# platin, 2,0# nikkel og 2,0# kobolt.The finished catalyst contains as active components 0.2 # platinum, 2.0 # nickel and 2.0 # cobalt.

Svovl og natrium kunne ikke påvises. Brudstyrken var i middel 15 kp. Eksempel *+Sulfur and sodium could not be detected. The fracture strength was on average 15 kp. Example * +

Katalysatoren fremstilledes som angivet i eksempel 1, idet dog de til imprægnering anvendte væskemængder indeholdt 6,3 g H2(PtClg) (hexachloroplatinsyre) og 250 g Co(N03)2 , 6 H20 (koboltnitrat).The catalyst was prepared as set forth in Example 1, however, the amounts of liquid used for impregnation contained 6.3 g of H2 (PtClg) (hexachloroplatinic acid) and 250 g of Co (NO3) 2, 6 H2 O (cobalt nitrate).

Den færdige katalysator indeholder som aktive komponenter 0,3# platin og 5,0# kobolt.The finished catalyst contains as active components 0.3 # platinum and 5.0 # cobalt.

Svovl og natrium kunne igen ikke påvises under anvendelse af do af 142266 8 kemikeren kendte analysemetoder. Brudstyrken af de 3 mm tabletter var i middel 17 kp.Sulfur and sodium again could not be detected using known chemistical methods of analysis. The fracture strength of the 3 mm tablets was on average 17 kp.

Eksempel 5Example 5

To hver 500 g tunge cylindriske monoliter med 100 mm diameter af porøs Si02, som parallelt til eylinderaksen var gennemtrukket med kanaler med 2,5 mm diameter, imprægneredes efter en bestemmelse af vandoptagelsen med 150 g nikkelnitrat opløst i den til fuldstændig gennemvædning nødvendige vandmængde (som tidligere: afsaltet vand).Two 500 g heavy cylindrical monoliths of 100 mm diameter of porous SiO2, which were drawn parallel to the cylinder axis with 2.5 mm diameter channels, were impregnated with a determination of water uptake of 150 g nickel nitrate dissolved in the water required for full soaking (as formerly: desalinated water).

Den ene monolit blev som beskrevet i eksempel 1 calcineret, belagt med platin og på ny calcineret.One monolith was calcined, as described in Example 1, coated with platinum and again calcined.

Den anden monolit blev tørret ved 100°C, henstillet i løbet af natten i et bad med 2 n NaOH, idet det i porerne på bæreren tilstedeværende nikkelnitrat omdannedes til nikkelhydroxid. Derpå blev der calcineret ved ^00°0 og natriumionerne som beskrevet i eksempel 1 udvasket med afsaltet vand, hvorpå der gennemvædedes med HgiPtClg)-opløsning. Den imprægnerede monolit blev derpå dyppet i et bad af 2 n ammoniak, hvori hexachloroplatinsyren udfældedes i form af platinammoniak (NHj^gCPtClg).The second monolith was dried at 100 ° C, placed overnight in a 2N NaOH bath, the nickel nitrate present in the pores converted to nickel hydroxide. Then, calcined at 50 ° C and the sodium ions as described in Example 1, leached with desalted water, then soaked with HgiPtCl 2) solution. The impregnated monolith was then dipped in a 2N ammonia bath in which the hexachloroplatinic acid precipitated in the form of platinum ammonia (NH 2

Den påfølgende calcinering ved 600°C førte til omdannelse af det uopløselige salt til platin.The subsequent calcination at 600 ° C led to the conversion of the insoluble salt to platinum.

Begge monoliter indeholdt 0,1$ Pt og 3j0$ nikkel som aktive komponenter.Both monoliths contained 0.1 $ Pt and 3j0 $ nickel as active components.

Man kunne hverken påvise svovl eller natrium.Neither sulfur nor sodium could be detected.

Eksempel 6Example 6

Den ifølge eksempel 1 fremstillede katalysator, som indeholdt 0,1$ Pt og 3,0% Ni på Al^O^, blev prøvet som afgaskatalysator. Katalysatoren blev indfyldt i en mængde på 3,5 liter i en cylindrisk beholder, der var tilsluttet en fircylindret standmotor med et slagvolumen på 1700The catalyst prepared according to Example 1, containing 0.1 $ Pt and 3.0% Ni on Al 2 O 2, was tested as a gas catalyst. The catalyst was charged to a volume of 3.5 liters in a cylindrical container connected to a four-cylinder stand engine with a stroke volume of 1700

OISLAND

cur. Motorens omdrejningstal var 3000/min. Som brændstof anvendtes 142266 9 en blyholdig normalbenzin med et blyindhold på ca. 0,5#· Motor-afgasserne indeholdt 2,5 til 3,0 vol.# CO, 500 til 1200 ppm carbon-hydrider (bestemt som hexan), begge beregnet på tørgassen, rest C02 , N2 og vanddamp. Til afgassen sattes, beregnet i forhold til tørgassen, 5 til 10# 02·cur. Engine RPM was 3000 / min. A fuel containing normal leaded gasoline with a lead content of approx. 0.5 # · The engine fumes contained 2.5 to 3.0 vol. # CO, 500 to 1200 ppm hydrocarbons (determined as hexane), both calculated on the dry gas, residue CO 2, N 2 and water vapor. To the exhaust gas, calculated in relation to the dry gas, was added 5 to 10 # 02 ·

Den ifølge eksempel 1 fremstillede katalysator blev under de samme betingelser sammenlignet med en sammenligningskatalysator, der indeholdt 0,1# Pt, 3,0# Ni på en AlgO^-bærer, men hvis svovlindhold var 0,30#, og hvis Na-indhold var 0,!+#.The catalyst prepared according to Example 1 was compared under the same conditions with a comparison catalyst containing 0.1 # Pt, 3.0 # Ni on an AlgO4 support, but whose sulfur content was 0.30 # and whose Na content was 0,! + #.

Blyindholdet hos de to katalysatorer lå før begyndelsen af forsøget under påvisningsgrænsen (0,00#). I den følgende tabql er de med sammenligningskatalysatoren fundne værdier for CO samt de med katalysatoren ifølge eksempel 1 fundne værdier for CO og carbonhydrider (som hexan) hver gang bag ved katalysatoren angivet for driftstider indtil 210 timer.The lead content of the two catalysts was below the detection limit (0.00 #) before the start of the experiment. In the following table, the values of CO and the values of CO and hydrocarbons (such as hexane) found behind the catalyst for operating times up to 210 hours are indicated for CO with the comparative catalyst.

Tabel 1 . . I I - n ' ' ' ' .........."" 1 i : jTable 1. . I I - n '' '' .......... "" 1 i: j

Drifts- Sammenlignings-; Katalysator ifølge eks, 1 ! tid katalysator | _ . [ (timer) CO i CO i CH (som hexan) -1-1--j 1 I 5. 25 ppm ^ 25 ppm kO ppmOperating Comparison; Catalyst according to Ex, 1! time catalyst | _. [(h) CO in CO in CH (as hexane) -1-1 - j 1 I 5. 25 ppm ^ 25 ppm kO ppm

10 j " " I10 j "" I

•30 i 50 " , ^ 10 " i i 60 j 1000 " ! " " ; 30 "• 30 i 50 ", ^ 10" i i 60 j 1000 "!" "; 30"

100 2000 » I100 2000 »I

] ! , i 120 I > 25 “ : 60 " ikO v10 " I 30 " 170 I 5000 " ^ 25 " j kQ " 180 ' " " ; 210 ; : <10 " j 20 n ' i]! , i 120 I> 25 “: 60" ikO v10 "I 30" 170 I 5000 "^ 25" j kQ "180 '" "; 210; : <10 "j 20 n 'i

Begge katalysatorer indeholdt efter forsøget 0,5 vægt# Pb. Sammenligningskatalysatoren indeholdt efter forsøget 0,2 vægt# svovl, 142266 ίο medens der i den efter eksempel 1 fremstillede katalysator ikke kunne påvises noget svovl. Begge katalysatorer havde under forsøget en temperatur på ^00 - 70Q°C, med undtagelse af tiden fra 183 til 210 timer, i hvilken katalysatoren ifølge eksempel 1 anvendtes ved 1000°C. Aktiviteten af katalysatoren ifølge eks. 1 var mellem 350 og 1000°C den samme. Tændingstemperaturen af katalysatoren ifølge eksempel 1 lå efter en driftstid på 210 timer ved 190°C, medens tændingstemperaturen af sammenligningskatalysatoren allerede efter 60 driftstimer lå over 300°C. De angivne værdier viser, at katalysatoren ifølge opfindelsen har en meget god varighedsaktivitet. En driftstid på 210 timer svarer til en kørsel af et motorkøretøj på i det mindste ca. 15000 km.Both catalysts, after the experiment, contained 0.5 weight # Pb. The comparative catalyst after the experiment contained 0.2% by weight sulfur, while no sulfur could be detected in the catalyst prepared by Example 1. Both catalysts had, during the test, a temperature of +/- 70 ° C, with the exception of the time from 183 to 210 hours, in which the catalyst of Example 1 was used at 1000 ° C. The activity of the catalyst of Example 1 was between 350 and 1000 ° C. The ignition temperature of the catalyst of Example 1 was after an operating time of 210 hours at 190 ° C, while the ignition temperature of the comparative catalyst was already above 300 ° C after 60 operating hours. The values indicated show that the catalyst of the invention has a very good duration activity. An operating time of 210 hours is equivalent to driving a motor vehicle of at least approx. 15000 km.

Eksempel 7Example 7

Katalysatoren ifølge eksempel 1 såvel som den i eksempel 6 nævnte sammenligningskatalysator hlev til bestemmelse af deres aktivitet ved fjernelsen af nitrogenoxider prøvet under de samme betingelser som i eksempel 6 med den undtagelse, at der ikke tilsattes luft til afgassen, d.v.s. at der arbejdedes under reducerende betingelser.The catalyst of Example 1, as well as the comparative catalyst mentioned in Example 6, were used to determine their activity in the removal of nitrogen oxides tested under the same conditions as in Example 6 except that no air was added to the exhaust gas, i.e. working under reducing conditions.

NO -målingerne skete hver. gang under en accelerationsfase (2000 til 5000 omdrejninger/minut). Udgangsværdierne for NO lå ved 700 tilThe NO measurements each happened. once during an acceleration phase (2000 to 5000 rpm). The output values for NO were at 700 to

JLJL

l^t-OO ppm. Nitrogenoxid et forelå overvejende som NO.l-t-OO ppm. Nitric oxide one was predominantly NO.

Resultaterne er anført i tabel 2.The results are listed in Table 2.

Tabel 2Table 2

Driftstid Sammenlignings- Katalysator ifølge eks.l (timer) katalysator__ I N0x(ppm) N0x(ppm) — ......... ......— 1 ; 120 110 10 i ll+o 80 50 160 ; 180 100 220 : 130 150 190 I 210 200 2h0 j 160Operating time Comparative Catalyst according to ex.l (hours) Catalyst__ I NOx (ppm) NOx (ppm) - ......... ......— 1; 120 110 10 in ll + o 80 50 160; 180 100 220: 130 150 190 I 210 200 2h0 j 160

DK396772A 1971-09-01 1972-08-11 METHOD OF PRODUCING CATALYSTS FOR CATALYTIC CLEANING OF GAS EXHAUST GAS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES DK142266C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712143789 DE2143789C3 (en) 1971-09-01 Process for the production of catalytic converters and the use thereof for cleaning exhaust gases from internal combustion engines
DE2143789 1971-09-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DK142266B true DK142266B (en) 1980-10-06
DK142266C DK142266C (en) 1981-03-02

Family

ID=5818371

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DK396772A DK142266C (en) 1971-09-01 1972-08-11 METHOD OF PRODUCING CATALYSTS FOR CATALYTIC CLEANING OF GAS EXHAUST GAS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES

Country Status (17)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS4834792A (en)
AT (1) AT322515B (en)
BE (1) BE788126A (en)
BR (1) BR7206055D0 (en)
CA (1) CA994318A (en)
CH (1) CH571890A5 (en)
CS (1) CS157607B2 (en)
DK (1) DK142266C (en)
FR (1) FR2150782B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1368661A (en)
IL (1) IL40262A (en)
IT (1) IT962112B (en)
NL (1) NL7211789A (en)
PL (1) PL79501B1 (en)
RO (1) RO62454A (en)
SE (1) SE381576B (en)
SU (1) SU460606A3 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5343316B2 (en) * 1973-07-13 1978-11-18
JPS542912B2 (en) * 1973-09-10 1979-02-15
GB2024646B (en) * 1978-07-10 1983-05-05 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Catalytic oxidation of smoke in exhaust gases
JPS6135853A (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-02-20 Nikki Universal Co Ltd Carbon monoxide removing catalyst
US7150861B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2006-12-19 Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. Catalyst for purification of exhaust gases and process for purification of exhaust gases
DE102018128152A1 (en) * 2018-11-12 2020-05-14 Man Energy Solutions Se Process for the aftertreatment of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE788126A (en) 1972-12-18
SE381576B (en) 1975-12-15
NL7211789A (en) 1973-03-05
DK142266C (en) 1981-03-02
CA994318A (en) 1976-08-03
CH571890A5 (en) 1976-01-30
PL79501B1 (en) 1975-06-30
DE2143789B2 (en) 1976-04-01
JPS4834792A (en) 1973-05-22
RO62454A (en) 1978-01-15
DE2143789A1 (en) 1973-03-22
GB1368661A (en) 1974-10-02
IL40262A (en) 1976-01-30
CS157607B2 (en) 1974-09-16
AT322515B (en) 1975-05-26
IL40262A0 (en) 1972-10-29
SU460606A3 (en) 1975-02-15
BR7206055D0 (en) 1973-08-30
FR2150782A1 (en) 1973-04-13
FR2150782B1 (en) 1980-03-14
IT962112B (en) 1973-12-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3524721A (en) Catalyst composition
US3881696A (en) Catalyst for cleaning engine exhaust gases
RU2664905C2 (en) Methods of selective catalytic recovery with use of doped ceria (iv) oxides
RU2697482C1 (en) Scr catalyst
RU2703462C1 (en) MIXED TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF Cu-CHA WITH HIGH CONTENT OF SILICON DIOXIDE
JP2018503578A (en) AFX zeolite
US4049582A (en) Method for producing a supported catalyst
CN112939011A (en) AEI zeolite synthesis
JPH07106300B2 (en) Method for removing nitrogen oxides in combustion exhaust gas
GB2546365A (en) Aluminosilicate AEI zeolite preparation
GB2603420A (en) Synthesis of AEI and Cu-AEI zeolites
JPH08309185A (en) Catalyst for purifying exhaust gas and method for purification of exhaust gas
US4062810A (en) Carrier-supported catalyst
US4323542A (en) Catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen
DK142266B (en) FIVE-METHOD FOR CATALYTY MANUFACTURER FOR CATALYTIC CLEANING OF GAS EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION ENGINES
WO2015101766A1 (en) Exhaust gas treatment catalysts
US3939104A (en) Catalytic process
US5853679A (en) Removal of nitrogen oxide from exhaust gas
US3974255A (en) Method for treatment of engine exhaust gases
US3310366A (en) Method of treating exhaust gases
US3990995A (en) Exhaust gas conversion catalyst and process
JP3251009B2 (en) Exhaust gas purification catalyst
JP2758616B2 (en) Heat-resistant catalyst for catalytic combustion and its carrier
US3202618A (en) Catalyst composition consisting of a plurality of oxides supported on a zirconia and/or hafnia base and process of preparing same
JP2659840B2 (en) Purification method of exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PBP Patent lapsed