KR20020043182A - 반도체 장치 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
반도체 장치 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20020043182A KR20020043182A KR1020010075316A KR20010075316A KR20020043182A KR 20020043182 A KR20020043182 A KR 20020043182A KR 1020010075316 A KR1020010075316 A KR 1020010075316A KR 20010075316 A KR20010075316 A KR 20010075316A KR 20020043182 A KR20020043182 A KR 20020043182A
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- gate electrode
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 63
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000005380 borophosphosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 5
- WQJQOUPTWCFRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disilicide Chemical compound [Si]#[W]#[Si] WQJQOUPTWCFRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021342 tungsten silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNUPENMBHHEARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tungsten Chemical compound [Si].[W] WNUPENMBHHEARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
- H01L29/66568—Lateral single gate silicon transistors
- H01L29/66575—Lateral single gate silicon transistors where the source and drain or source and drain extensions are self-aligned to the sides of the gate
- H01L29/6659—Lateral single gate silicon transistors where the source and drain or source and drain extensions are self-aligned to the sides of the gate with both lightly doped source and drain extensions and source and drain self-aligned to the sides of the gate, e.g. lightly doped drain [LDD] MOSFET, double diffused drain [DDD] MOSFET
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/26—Bombardment with radiation
- H01L21/263—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation
- H01L21/265—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation
- H01L21/26586—Bombardment with radiation with high-energy radiation producing ion implantation characterised by the angle between the ion beam and the crystal planes or the main crystal surface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/822—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
- H01L21/8232—Field-effect technology
- H01L21/8234—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
- H01L21/823418—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type with a particular manufacturing method of the source or drain structures, e.g. specific source or drain implants or silicided source or drain structures or raised source or drain structures
- H01L21/823425—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type with a particular manufacturing method of the source or drain structures, e.g. specific source or drain implants or silicided source or drain structures or raised source or drain structures manufacturing common source or drain regions between a plurality of conductor-insulator-semiconductor structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/822—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
- H01L21/8232—Field-effect technology
- H01L21/8234—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
- H01L21/823437—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type with a particular manufacturing method of the gate conductors, e.g. particular materials, shapes
- H01L21/823456—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type with a particular manufacturing method of the gate conductors, e.g. particular materials, shapes gate conductors with different shapes, lengths or dimensions
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- Insulated Gate Type Field-Effect Transistor (AREA)
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Formation Of Insulating Films (AREA)
Abstract
Description
RTO 온도 (℃) | 성막시간 (sec) | 실리사이드측면두께 (㎚) | 폴리실리콘측면 두께 (㎚) |
1000 | 60 | 12 | 10 |
1050 | 60 | 17 | 13 |
1100 | 60 | 28 | 23 |
Claims (20)
- 단면에서 볼 때 역테이퍼형을 적어도 일부 가진 반도체기판상에 형성된 하나 이상의 게이트전극;상기 하나 이상의 게이트전극의 상부면상에 형성된 마스크절연막;상기 하나 이상의 게이트전극의 측면상에 형성된 측면절연막;상기 마스크절연막과 상기 하나 이상의 게이트전극의 측면상에 형성된 측벽절연막;상기 측면절연막과 상기 하나 이상의 상기 게이트전극을 마스크로 하고, 그리고 상기 측벽절연막을 상기 마스크로 하지 않고 반도체기판상에 형성된 제 1 불순물영역; 및상기 제 1 불순물영역보다 더 고농도 불순물을 가지고, 적어도 상기 측벽절연막을 마스크로 하여 반도체기판내 형성된 제 2 불순물영역을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 게이트전극은 상기 단면에서 볼때 적어도 역테이퍼형을 가진 하부층과 상부층을 포함하는 적층구조인 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 하부층은 폴리실리콘을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 상부층은 실리사이드를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 측면절연막은 상기 하부층의 측면상보다 상기 상부층의 측면상에서 더 두꺼운 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 게이트전극을 단면에서 볼 때, 상기 상부층의 측면상의 상기 측면절연막의 외부에지와 상기 하부층상의 상기 측면절연막의 외부에지를 연결하는 선은, 상기 기판의 법선에 대하여 15°미만의 경사각을 가진 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,상기 경사각은 약 7°인 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 측면절연막은 상기 게이트전극을 산화시킴으로써 형성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 8 항에 있어서,상기 측면절연막은 산소를 포함하는 분위기에서 약 1000 ℃ 내지 1100 ℃ 온도범위에서 산화되는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 게이트전극은 적어도 상기 폴리실리콘을 포함하는 상기 하부층과 적어도 산화 실리콘을 포함하는 상기 상부층을 포함하는 적층구조를 가지며,상기 마스크절연막은 상기 산화 실리콘을 포함하고,상기 측벽산화막은 질화 실리콘을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제 2 불순물영역에 연결되며 상기 측벽절연막에 인접한 컨택트 플러그를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 복수의 게이트전극들은 소정의 피치로 서로 분리되고,기판내 상기 각 게이트전극의 단부와 상기 인접한 제 2 불순물영역 사이의 간격은 상기 역테이퍼형을 가지지 않는 게이트전극의 대응 간격보다 더 큰 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치.
- 단면에서 볼 때, 역테이퍼형을 포함하는 게이트전극상에 마스크절연막을 갖는 상기 게이트전극을 형성하는 단계;상기 게이트전극의 측면상에 측면절연막을 형성하는 단계;상기 측면절연막과 상기 게이트전극을 마스크로 하여 반도체기판에 제 1 불순물영역을 형성하는 단계;상기 마스크절연막과 상기 게이트전극의 측면상에 측벽절연막을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 제 1 불순물영역보다 고농도 불순물을 가지며, 적어도 상기 측벽절연막을 마스크로 하여 상기 반도체기판내 제 2 불순물영역을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치 제조방법.
- 제 13 항에 있어서,상기 게이트전극을 형성하는 단계는 적어도 역테이퍼형인 하부층을 가진 적층게이트전극을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치 제조방법.
- 제 14 항에 있어서,상기 적층 게이트전극은 상기 하부층상에 상부층을 포함하고,상기 측면절연막을 형성하는 단계는 상기 하부층의 측면상보다 상부층의 측면상에 더 두꺼운 측벽절연막을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치 제조방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서,상기 게이트전극을 단면에서 볼 때, 상기 상부층 측면상의 상기 측면절연막의 외부에지로부터 상기 하부층 측면상의 상기 측면절연막의 외부에지까지 도시된 선은, 상기 기판의 수직선에 대해 16°미만의 경사각을 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치 제조방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 불순물영역을 형성하는 단계는 상기 경사각과 실질적으로 동일한 각도로 경사불순물주입을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치 제조방법.
- 단면에서 볼 때, 역테이퍼형을 가진 게이트전극을 형성하는 단계;제 1 불순물영역을 형성하기 위해서, 상기 게이트전극을 주입마스크로 하여 이온을 경사주입하는 단계; 및제 2 불순물영역을 형성하기 위해서, 상기 게이트전극과 절연측벽을 주입마스크로 하여 이온을 주입하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 절연측벽은 상기 제 1 불순물영역상에 형성되며, 상기 제 2 불순물영역은 상기 제 1 불순물영역보다 고농도 주입된 이온을 가진 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치 제조방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,상기 게이트전극을 형성하는 단계는, 역테이퍼형으로 에칭된 하부층을 가진 적층 전극구조를 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치 제조방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,상기 게이트전극을 형성하는 단계는, 상기 적층전극구조를 형성하는 단계, 및 하부 게이트전극층의 측면보다 상부 게이트전극층의 측면상에서 더 큰 두께를 갖는 상기 측면절연막을 성장시키는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 반도체장치 제조방법.
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JP2000366901A JP2002170941A (ja) | 2000-12-01 | 2000-12-01 | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
JPJP-P-2000-00366901 | 2000-12-01 |
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JP (1) | JP2002170941A (ko) |
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TW (1) | TW540103B (ko) |
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KR100466539B1 (ko) * | 2002-09-09 | 2005-01-15 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 쇼트키 배리어 트랜지스터 제조 방법 |
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JP2003100769A (ja) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-04-04 | Nec Corp | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
JP2004111611A (ja) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-04-08 | Renesas Technology Corp | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
DE10249650A1 (de) * | 2002-10-24 | 2004-05-13 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Halbleiterstruktur mit einer Mehrzahl von Gatestapeln für entsprechende Feldeffekttransistoren |
KR100460069B1 (ko) * | 2003-04-14 | 2004-12-04 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | 반도체소자의 게이트전극 형성방법 |
KR100849363B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-07-29 | 동부일렉트로닉스 주식회사 | 반도체 소자 및 그 제조 방법 |
US8076735B2 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2011-12-13 | United Microelectronics Corp. | Semiconductor device with trench of various widths |
CN103730468B (zh) | 2012-10-16 | 2017-12-01 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | 半导体结构及其形成方法、sram存储单元、sram存储器 |
US9153668B2 (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2015-10-06 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Tuning tensile strain on FinFET |
CN104576536B (zh) * | 2013-10-10 | 2017-11-14 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | 一种半导体器件及其制造方法和电子装置 |
US9893060B2 (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-02-13 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof |
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JPH0697191A (ja) * | 1992-09-17 | 1994-04-08 | Fujitsu Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JPH07266499A (ja) | 1994-03-30 | 1995-10-17 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | 銅張積層板の製造方法 |
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KR100190105B1 (ko) * | 1996-10-24 | 1999-07-01 | 윤종용 | 게이트전극의 제조방법 및 그에 따라 제조된 게이트구조 |
JPH1145995A (ja) | 1997-07-25 | 1999-02-16 | Nec Kyushu Ltd | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
KR19990075634A (ko) * | 1998-03-23 | 1999-10-15 | 김영환 | 반도체장치의 트렌지스터 제조방법 |
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KR20010047658A (ko) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-06-15 | 박종섭 | 반도체소자 및 그의 제조방법 |
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JP2001308318A (ja) * | 2000-04-19 | 2001-11-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体装置 |
US6306715B1 (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2001-10-23 | Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Ltd. | Method to form smaller channel with CMOS device by isotropic etching of the gate materials |
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- 2001-11-30 KR KR10-2001-0075316A patent/KR100469775B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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KR100466539B1 (ko) * | 2002-09-09 | 2005-01-15 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 쇼트키 배리어 트랜지스터 제조 방법 |
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TW540103B (en) | 2003-07-01 |
DE10158706B4 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
DE10158706A1 (de) | 2002-07-04 |
KR100469775B1 (ko) | 2005-02-02 |
US20020135002A1 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
JP2002170941A (ja) | 2002-06-14 |
US6674137B2 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
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