JP5940236B2 - 多孔質シリカ系粒子、その製造方法及びそれを配合した化粧料 - Google Patents
多孔質シリカ系粒子、その製造方法及びそれを配合した化粧料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5940236B2 JP5940236B2 JP2016508899A JP2016508899A JP5940236B2 JP 5940236 B2 JP5940236 B2 JP 5940236B2 JP 2016508899 A JP2016508899 A JP 2016508899A JP 2016508899 A JP2016508899 A JP 2016508899A JP 5940236 B2 JP5940236 B2 JP 5940236B2
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- porous silica
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description
本発明では、多孔質シリカ系粒子を構成するシリカ系微粒子として、シリカ、シリカ−アルミナ、シリカ−ジルコニア、シリカ−チタニアなどを用いることができる。シリカ系微粒子の組成の違いによって多孔質シリカ系粒子の製造条件を変更する必要はない。化粧料に配合することを考慮すると、シリカ系微粒子として非晶質シリカが好適である。
<多孔質シリカ系粒子>
本発明の多孔質シリカ系粒子は、シリカ系微粒子で構成されている。多孔質シリカ系粒子の平均粒子径(d1)は0.5〜25μm、BET法で求めた比表面積は5〜60m2/cm3、細孔容積は0.35〜2.0ml/gである。平均粒子径はレーザー回折法で求められる。多孔質シリカ系粒子の平均粒子径が0.5μm未満であると、粒子粉体に触ったとき、球状粉体としての転がり感が感じられないばかりでなく、延び広がり感の悪さを感じるようになる。一方、25μmを超えると、粒子粉体に触ったとき、ざらつき感やシャリシャリ感を感じるようになる。多孔質シリカ系粒子の平均粒子径(d1)は2〜10μmの範囲がより好ましい。
<多孔質シリカ系粒子の製造方法>
本発明の多孔質シリカ系粒子の製造方法は、以下の工程(A)と工程(B)を含んでいる。
<工程(A)>
シリカゾルの濃度は、固形分換算で10〜30重量%の範囲にある。さらに、珪酸バインダーについては、固形分換算で1〜40重量%の範囲にある。この範囲のシリカゾルと珪酸バインダーを用いると、噴霧乾燥時に、粒子内部のバインダー成分のゲル化が乾燥初期に起こり、シリカゾルからなる構成一次粒子(シリカ系微粒子)が疎なパッキング構造(凝集構造)をなし、比表面積が小さい割には細孔容積が大きい多孔質シリカ系粒子を調製できる。また、珪酸バインダーにはシリカゾルからなる構成一次粒子(シリカ系微粒子)を接着する効果があることから、機械的強度が強い多孔質シリカ系粒子を調製できる。
<工程(B)>
噴霧乾燥は、市販のスプレイドライヤー(ディスク回転式やノズル式等がある)を用いた従来公知の方法で行うことができる。例えば、熱風気流中に1〜3リットル/分の速度で噴霧液を噴霧することによって行われる。この際、熱風の温度は、入口温度で70〜400℃、出口温度で40〜60℃の範囲にあることが好ましい。ここで、入口温度が70℃未満であると、分散液中に含まれる固形分の乾燥が不充分となる。また400℃を超えると、噴霧乾燥時に粒子の形状が歪んでしまう。また、出口温度が40℃未満であると、固形分の乾燥度合いが悪くて装置内に付着してしまう。より好ましい入口温度は、100〜300℃の範囲である。
<化粧料>
以下に、多孔質シリカ系粒子と各種化粧料成分とを配合して得られる化粧料について具体的に説明する。本発明は、これらの化粧料に必ずしも限定されるものではない。
[実施例1]
シリカゾル(日揮触媒化成(株)製:SS−550、平均粒子径550nm、シリカ濃度20重量%)4000gを限外ろ過膜(旭化成社製、SIP−1013)を用いて濃縮し、シリカ濃度40重量%のシリカゾル2000gを調製する。これを陽イオン交換し、pH=2.0に調整してシリカゾル(I)を得る。このとき、後述する方法によりシリカ系微粒子の変動係数(CV値)と真球度を測定する。実施例で用いたシリカゾル(I)の特性を表1に示す。
レーザー回折法を用いて多孔質シリカ系粒子の粒度分布を測定し、この粒度分布からメジアン径で表わされる平均粒子径(d1)を求めた。レーザー回折法による粒度分布の測定は、レーザー回折/散乱式粒子径分布測定装置LA-950(株式会社堀場製作所製)を用いた。
レーザーパーティクルアナライザー(大塚電子製、LP−510)を用いてシリカ系微粒子の粒度分布を測定し、この粒度分布からメジアン径で表わされる平均粒子径(d2)を求めた。
走査型電子顕微鏡(日本電子社製JSM−7600F)により、倍率2万倍から25万倍で写真(SEM写真)を撮影する。この画像の250個の粒子について、画像解析装置(旭化成社製、IP−1000)を用いて、平均粒子径を測定し、粒子径分布に関する変動係数(CV値)を算出した。
透過型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所製、H−8000)により、倍率2万倍から25万倍の倍率で写真撮影して得られる写真投影図から、任意の50個の粒子を選び、それぞれその最大径(DL)と、これに直交する短径(DS)との比(DS/DL)を測定し、それらの平均値を真球度とした。
多孔質シリカ系粒子の粉体を磁性ルツボ(B−2型)に約30ml採取し、105℃の温度で2時間乾燥後、デシケーターに入れて室温まで冷却する。次に、サンプルを1g取り、全自動表面積測定装置(湯浅アイオニクス社製、マルチソーブ12型)を用いて、比表面積(m2/g)をBET法にて測定し、シリカの比重2.2g/cm3で換算した単位重量当たりの比表面積とした。
多孔質シリカ系粒子の粉体10gをルツボに取り、300℃で1時間乾燥後、デシケーターに入れて室温まで冷却し、自動ポロシメーター(カウンタークローム・インスツルメンツ社製PoreMasterPM33GT)を使用して水銀圧入法により測定した。水銀を1.5kPa〜231MPaで圧入し、圧力と細孔径の関係から細孔径分布を求めた。この方法によれば、約7nmから約1000μm迄の細孔に水銀が圧入されるため、多孔質シリカ系粒子の内部に存在する小径の細孔と、多孔質シリカ系粒子の粒子間の大径の空隙(おおむね多孔質シリカ系粒子の平均粒子径に対して1/5〜1/2のサイズに計測される)の両方が計測される。大径を除く、小径の細孔の計測結果をもとに、細孔容積、最頻細孔径(Dm)、最小細孔径(D0)、および最大細孔径(D100)を算出する。このとき、必要に応じてピーク分離ソフト(自動ポロシメーターに付属)が用いられる。
多孔質シリカ系粒子の粉体0.2gを白金皿で精秤し、硫酸10mlと弗化水素酸10mlを加えて、砂浴上で硫酸の白煙が出るまで加熱する。冷却後、水約50mlを加えて加温溶解する。冷却後、水200mlに希釈しこれを試験溶液とする。この試験溶液について誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置(島津製作所(株)製、ICPS−8100、解析ソフトウェアICPS−8000)を使用し、多孔質シリカ系粒子の組成を求める。
多孔質シリカ系粒子を磁性ルツボ(B−2型)に約30ml採取し、105℃で2時間乾燥後、デシケーターに入れて室温まで冷却する。次に、サンプルを15ml採取し、全自動ピクノメーター(QUANTACHROME社製:Ultrapyc1200e)を用いて真比重を測定し、粒子の密度とする。
多孔質シリカ系粒子0.1gをエポキシ樹脂(日新EM社製、Quetol651)100gに混合し、60℃の温度で24時間硬化する。次いで、硬化したブロックをアルゴンイオンビーム(日本電子社、クロスセクションポリッシャ、加速電圧6.2kV)で切断する。作製された断面試料を走査電子顕微鏡(日本電子社製JSM−7600F)により、倍率1,000倍から50,000倍の倍率で写真(SEM写真)を撮影する。この写真10枚について、球の最中心部の一微粒子について、隣接する他の微粒子との接点数を計測する。それらの平均値を四捨五入した整数値を平均接点数とする。
多孔質シリカ系粒子の粉体から、平均粒子径±0.5μmの範囲にある粒子1個を試料として取り、微小圧縮試験機(島津製作所製、MCTM−200)を用いて、この試料に一定の負荷速度で荷重を負荷し、粒子が破壊した時点の加重値を圧縮強度(Mpa)とする。さらに、この操作を4回繰り返し、5個の試料について圧縮強度を測定し、その平均値を粒子圧縮強度とする。
多孔質シリカ系粒子の粉体について、20名の専門パネラーによる官能テストを行い、さらさら感、しっとり感、転がり感、均一な延び広がり性、肌への付着性、転がり感の持続性、およびシリカ系粒子独特のシャリシャリ感の低さの7つの評価項目に関して聞き取り調査を行う。その結果を以下の評価点基準(a)に基づき評価する。さらに、各人がつけた評価点を合計し、以下の評価基準(b)に基づき多孔質シリカ系粒子の感触に関する評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
多孔質シリカ系粒子の粉体を用いて表4に示す配合比率(重量%)となるようにパウダーファンデーションを作製した。すなわち、実施例1の粉体(成分(1))と成分(2)〜(9)をミキサーに入れて撹拌し、均一に混合した。次に、化粧料成分(10)〜(12)をこのミキサーに入れて撹拌し、さらに均一に混合した。次いで、得られたケーキ状物質を解砕処理した後、その中から約12gを取り出し、46mm×54mm×4mmの角金皿に入れてプレス成型した。この様にして得られたパウダーファンデーションについて、20名の専門パネラーによる官能テストを行い、(1)肌への塗布中の均一な延び、しっとり感、滑らかさ、および(2)肌に塗布後の化粧膜の均一性、しっとり感、やわらかさの6つの評価項目に関して聞き取り調査を行う。その結果を以下の評価点基準(a)に基づき評価する。また、各人がつけた評価点を合計し、以下の評価基準(b)に基づきファンデーションの使用感に関する評価を行った。結果を表5に示す。
評価点基準(a)
4点:優れている。
3点:普通。
2点:劣る。
1点:非常に劣る。
評価基準(b)
◎:合計点が80点以上
○:合計点が60点以上80点未満
△:合計点が40点以上60点未満
▲:合計点が20点以上40点未満
×:合計点が20点未満
シリカゾル(日揮触媒化成(株)製:SS−300、平均粒子径300nm、シリカ濃度20重量%)2000gにJIS3号水硝子153g(シリカ濃度29重量%)を加える。これに、陽イオン交換樹脂(三菱化成社製、SK−1B)40gを一気に加えてpHを2.5とした後、陽イオン交換樹脂を分離する。このようにして、シリカゾル濃度18.6重量%、水硝子由来の珪酸濃度2.1重量%、全固形分濃度20.6重量%の分散スラリーが得られる。
[実施例3〜12、比較例1〜4]
実施例1で使用したシリカゾルや珪酸バインダーの代わりに、表1に示す調製条件を用いて、実施例1と同様に乾燥粉体を作製する。乾燥粉体を実施例1と同様に焼成して、多孔質シリカ系粒子の粉体を作製する。このようにして得られた実施例3〜12の粉体、比較例1〜4の粉体の物性を実施例1と同様に測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
[比較例5]
シリカゾル(日揮触媒化成(株)製:SS−160、平均粒子径160nm、シリカ濃度20重量%)の水希釈品(シリカ濃度15重量%)2000gを陽イオン交換し、pHを2.0に調整する。これに[シリカゾル中のシリカ]/[珪酸液中のシリカ]=9/1の比率になるように珪酸液(シリカ濃度4.8重量%)694.4gを加え、シリカゾル濃度11.1重量%、珪酸液由来の珪酸濃度1.2重量%、固形分濃度5.0重量%のスラリーを調製する。得られたスラリーを噴霧液として、スプレイドライヤーにより噴霧乾燥する。このとき、入口温度240℃、出口温度50〜55℃に設定した乾燥気流中に、2流体ノズルの一方からスラリーを2L/hrの流量で、他方のノズルから0.75MPaの圧力で気体を供給して噴霧乾燥する。このようにして得られた乾燥粉体を500℃で4時間焼成後、乾式篩処理を行って多孔質シリカ系粒子の粉体を作製した。この粉体の物性を実施例1と同様に測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
各実施例と比較例により得られた粉体を用いて、実施例1と同様に感触特性を評価した。その結果を表3に示す。その結果、各実施例の粉体は、化粧料の感触改良材として極めて優れているが、比較例の粉体は、感触改良材として適していないことが分かった。
表4に示す配合比率(重量%)となるように、各実施例と比較例の粉体(成分(1))を、他の成分(2)〜(9)とともにミキサーに入れて撹拌し、均一に混合させた。次に、化粧料成分(10)〜(12)をこのミキサーに入れて撹拌し、均一に混合させた。得られたケーキ状物質を用いて実施例1と同様に化粧料を得た。
Claims (5)
- シリカ系微粒子で構成された多孔質シリカ系粒子において、平均粒子径(d1)が0.5〜25μm、BET法で求めた比表面積が5〜60m2/cm3、細孔容積が0.35〜2.0ml/gであり、細孔径分布(X軸:細孔径、Y軸:細孔容積を細孔径で微分した値)における最小細孔径(D 0 )が25〜500nmの範囲にあり、最大細孔径(D 100 )が300〜8000nmの範囲にあり、最大細孔径(D 100 )と最小細孔径(D 0 )の比(D 100 /D 0 )が4〜320の範囲にある多孔質シリカ系粒子。
- 前記多孔質シリカ系粒子の細孔径分布(X軸:細孔径、Y軸:細孔容積を細孔径で微分した値)における最頻細孔径(Dm)が、100<Dm<4000[nm]であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の多孔質シリカ系粒子。
- 前記多孔質シリカ系粒子は、酸化チタン、酸化鉄および酸化亜鉛の少なくとも1つを含む無機酸化物微粒子を10〜50重量%の範囲で含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の多孔質シリカ系粒子。
- 前記シリカ系微粒子の平均粒子径(d2)は、前記多孔質シリカ系粒子の平均粒子径(d1)に対して、0.01〜0.30の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質シリカ系粒子。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質シリカ系粒子が配合された化粧料。
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