JP5551817B2 - 炭素繊維、炭素繊維製造用触媒および炭素繊維の評価方法。 - Google Patents
炭素繊維、炭素繊維製造用触媒および炭素繊維の評価方法。 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5551817B2 JP5551817B2 JP2013173449A JP2013173449A JP5551817B2 JP 5551817 B2 JP5551817 B2 JP 5551817B2 JP 2013173449 A JP2013173449 A JP 2013173449A JP 2013173449 A JP2013173449 A JP 2013173449A JP 5551817 B2 JP5551817 B2 JP 5551817B2
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- 229960002126 creosote Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010727 cylinder oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XYWDPYKBIRQXQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-isopropyl sulphide Natural products CC(C)SC(C)C XYWDPYKBIRQXQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052806 inorganic carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001872 inorganic gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXEHBUMAEPOYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsulfanylethane Chemical compound CCSC WXEHBUMAEPOYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JTNXQVCPQMQLHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioacetone Chemical compound CC(C)=S JTNXQVCPQMQLHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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Description
化学気相蒸着法はリアクターのスケールアップが比較的容易であるため大量合成に適した方法である。
(2)担体が金属酸化物を含有している(1)に記載の炭素繊維。
(3)X線回折による面間隔C0が、0.680〜0.695nmである(1)または(2)に記載の炭素繊維。
(4){Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が5質量%以上30質量%以下である(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載の炭素繊維。
(5)Feに対してMoが0.1モル%以上5モル%未満である(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載の炭素繊維。
(6)Feに対してVが0.1モル%以上20モル%以下である(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の炭素繊維。
(7)Feに対してVが0.1モル%以上5モル%以下である(1)〜(6)のいずれかに記載の炭素繊維。
(8)触媒金属がFeおよびMoのみからなる(1)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の炭素繊維。
(9)炭素繊維が凝集体を形成しており、該凝集体中の炭素繊維が一定方向に配向していない(1)〜(8)のいずれかに記載の炭素繊維。
(10)凝集体のレーザー回折粒度測定による体積基準累積粒度分布において、50%粒子径(D50)が3μm以上20μm以下である(9)に記載の炭素繊維。
(11)(1)〜(10)のいずれかに記載の炭素繊維を含有してなる複合材料。
(12)複合材料が電極材料である(11)に記載の複合材料。
(13)(1)〜(10)のいずれかに記載の炭素繊維を含有してなる電気化学デバイス。
(14)Feと、MoおよびVからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の触媒金属、および担体を含み、Feに対するMoの割合が、0.1モル%以上5モル%未満である炭素繊維製造用触媒。
(15)Feに対するVの割合が、0.1モル%以上20モル%以下である(14)に記載の炭素繊維製造用触媒。
(16)電池またはキャパシタの電極内に添加された炭素繊維の金属溶出量評価方法であって、(a)炭素繊維/PTFEコンポジット電極からなる作用極、セパレータ、電解液、およびLi金属箔からなる対向極により構成される評価用セルに電圧を印加する工程、(b)炭素繊維/PTFEコンポジット電極に含まれる金属が電圧印加により該電解液中に金属イオンとして溶出し、該対向極上で還元され金属として析出する工程、(c)該析出した金属を回収する工程、(d)該回収した金属を定量する工程を含む金属溶出量評価方法。
黒鉛化のための熱処理を行っていない炭素繊維のラマン分光を測定すると、1360cm-1付近に吸収を持ついわゆるDピークと1580cm-1付近に吸収を持ついわゆるGピークとのピーク強度比R値(ID/IG)は、0.5〜2.0である。なお、黒鉛化のための熱処理を行った炭素繊維のR値は通常0.1〜0.4程度となる。
具体例としては、触媒金属前駆体化合物を溶媒に溶解または分散し、この溶液または分散液を粉粒状担体に含浸させ、次いで乾燥する方法が挙げられる。
触媒金属元素を含む液は、液状の触媒金属元素を含む有機化合物でもよいし、触媒金属元素を含む化合物を有機溶媒または水に溶解または分散させたものでもよい。ここで用いる有機溶媒としてはベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン等の飽和炭化水素、メタノール、エタノールなどのアルコール類、ジエチルエーテル、ジメチルエーテル、メチルエチルエーテル、フラン、ジベンゾフラン、テトラヒドロフランなどのエーテル類、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド、プロピオンアルデヒド、アクロレイン、ベンズアルデヒドなどのアルデヒド類、四塩化炭素、クロロホルム、トリクロルエチレン、クロルエタン等のハロゲン化炭化水素等が挙げられる。
炭素繊維を1.6g(W1)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)を0.4g秤量してメノウ乳鉢に入れ、乳棒を用いて粉体を均一に混合した。さらにPTFEを伸ばすように強く混合し、ゴム状の炭素繊維/PTFEコンポジットを得た。
得られたコンポジットを所定のサイズ(20mm×20mm×0.5mmt)に切り出し、アルミニウムタブリードを溶接したアルミニウムメッシュ(サイズ 20mm×20mm×0.03mmt)に油圧式一軸プレス機を用いて15MPaの圧力で圧着し、炭素繊維/PTFEコンポジット電極とした。
セルの作製、セルの解体および対向極のエタノールへの溶解は露点−80℃以下の乾燥アルゴン雰囲気下で実施した。炭素繊維/PTFEコンポジット電極を作用極とし、セパレータを2枚挟んで銅メッシュを圧着したリチウム金属箔(25mm×25mm×0.05mmt )(対向極)を積層した。アルミラミネート材で作製した袋に積層体を挿入しタブリード部分をヒートシールして二極式セルを作製した。上記二極セルに電解液を注液し真空ヒートシールすることにより試験セルとした。
ポテンショ・ガルバノスタット(Biologic Science Instruments製)に評価用セルを接続し、参照極に対して4.3Vの電圧を作用極に印加した。その後、電流値が十分に減衰するまで(24時間)保持した。炭素繊維/PTFEコンポジット電極に含まれる金属は電圧印加によりイオンとして電解液中に溶出し、対向極であるリチウム金属箔上で還元され金属として析出する。
試験終了後、試験セルを分解し、対向極および対向極に接触したセパレータを取出し、対向極の重量を測定した(W3)。不活性ガス雰囲気中で対向極をエタノールに溶解した。対向極のエタノール溶液からエタノールを加熱除去し、残渣を濃硝酸によりすべて溶解した。セパレータに付着した析出金属は硝酸により洗い落とした。この溶解液をICP発光分析装置(エスアイアイナノテクノロジー社製 Vista−PRO)により分析し、液中に含まれるFe、MoおよびVそれぞれについて定量した(W2、W2'、W2”)。また、リファレンスとして未使用のリチウム金属をエタノールに溶解し、エタノールを加熱除去した。残渣を硝酸により溶解し、ICP発光分析装置にて分析し、液中に含まれるFe、MoおよびVそれぞれについて定量した(Wr、Wr’、Wr”)。式(1)、(2)および(3)から溶出・析出したFe、MoおよびV溶出量[質量%]を算出した。
Fe溶出量[質量%]
={(W2/W1)−(Wr/W3)}×100 式(1)
Mo溶出量[質量%]
={(W2’/W1)−(Wr’/W3)}×100 式(2)
V溶出量[質量%]
={(W2”/W1)−(Wr”/W3)}×100 式(3)
Fe、MoおよびVの溶出量の合計量を、電気化学的溶出量として、定義した。
使用した触媒の質量に対する得られた炭素繊維の質量の比(炭素繊維の質量/触媒の質量)で表す。
秤量した試料0.007gを純水20mlの入ったビーカーに入れ、トリトン希釈液(100倍純水希釈)を0.2g滴下する。前記ビーカーを超音波分散機で5分処理した後、ビーカーに純水30mlを加え再度超音波分散機で3分間処理した。日機装社製 マイクロトラックHRAにより、粒度分布を測定した。
硝酸鉄(III)九水和物1.81質量部を水1.41質量部に添加し溶解させ、次いで七モリブデン酸六アンモニウム0.008質量部およびメタバンジン酸アンモニウム0.016質量部を添加し溶解させて、溶液Aを得た。
該溶液Aをアルミナ(日本エアロジル社製)1質量部に滴下混合した。混合後、100℃で4時間真空乾燥した。乾燥後、乳鉢で粉砕して触媒を得た。該触媒は、Feに対してMoを1モル%、Vを3モル%を含み、{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が20質量%であった。
温度680℃を維持したまま、窒素ガスを水素ガス(250容量部)とエチレン(250容量部)との混合ガスAに切り替え反応器に流し、15分間気相成長させた。混合ガスAを窒素ガスに切り替え、反応器内を窒素ガスで置換した、室温まで冷やした。反応器を開き石英ボートを取り出した。触媒を核として成長した炭素繊維が得られた。得られた炭素繊維は図1に示すような凝集体を成していた。凝集体は体積基準累積粒度分布における50%粒子径D50が50〜600μmであった。炭素繊維の評価結果を表1に示す。炭素繊維のラマン分光を測定すると、1360cm-1付近に吸収を持ついわゆるDピークと1580cm-1付近に吸収を持ついわゆるGピークとのピーク強度比R値(ID/IG)は、1.20であった。X線回折による面間隔C0は、0.690nmであった。
メタバナジン酸アンモニウム(関東化学社製)0.105質量部をメタノール(関東化学社製)0.95質量部に添加し溶解させて、次いで硝酸鉄(III)九水和物(関東化学社製)1.81質量部および七モリブデン酸六アンモニウム(純正化学社製)0.008質量部を添加し溶解させて溶液Aを得た。
該溶液Aをアルミナ(日本エアロジル社製)1質量部に滴下混合した。混合後、100℃で4時間真空乾燥した。乾燥後、乳鉢で粉砕して触媒を得た。該触媒は、Feに対してMoを1モル%、Vを20モル%を含み、{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が20質量%であった。
温度680℃を維持したまま、窒素ガスを水素ガス(250容量部)とエチレン(250容量部)との混合ガスAに切り替え反応器に流し、15分間気相成長させた。混合ガスAを窒素ガスに切り替え、反応器内を窒素ガスで置換した、室温まで冷やした。反応器を開き石英ボートを取り出した。触媒を核として成長した炭素繊維が得られた。得られた炭素繊維は実施例1のような凝集体を成していた。炭素繊維の評価結果を表1に示す。得られた炭素繊維は、ラマン分光測定によるR値(ID/IG)が1.23、X線回折による面間隔C0が0.690nmであった。
メタバナジン酸アンモニウムを用いなかった他は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。該触媒は、Feに対してMoを1モル%を含み、{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が20質量%であった。
該触媒を用いて実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維を得た。得られた炭素繊維は実施例1のような凝集体を成していた。炭素繊維の評価結果を表1に示す。得られた炭素繊維は、ラマン分光測定によるR値(ID/IG)が1.20、X線回折による面間隔C0が0.690nmであった。
七モリブデン酸六アンモニウムを用いなかった他は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。該触媒は、Feに対してVを20モル%を含み、{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が20質量%であった。該触媒を用いて実施例2と同様にして炭素繊維を得た。得られた炭素繊維は実施例1のような凝集体を成していた。炭素繊維の評価結果を表1に示す。得られた炭素繊維は、ラマン分光測定によるR値(ID/IG)が1.30、X線回折による面間隔C0が0.690nmであった。
硝酸鉄(III)九水和物0.99質量部を水1.91質量部に添加し溶解させ、次いで七モリブデン酸六アンモニウム0.004質量部を添加し溶解させた他は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。該触媒は、Feに対してMoを1モル%を含み、{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が12質量%であった。該触媒を用いて実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維を得た。得られた炭素繊維は実施例1のような凝集体を成していた。炭素繊維の評価結果を表1に示す。得られた炭素繊維は、ラマン分光測定によるR値(ID/IG)が1.20、X線回折による面間隔C0が0.690nmであった。
硝酸鉄(III)九水和物1.28質量部を水1.73質量部に添加し溶解させ、次いで七モリブデン酸六アンモニウム0.017質量部およびメタバンジン酸アンモニウム0.011質量部を添加し溶解させた他は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。該触媒は、Feに対してMoを3モル%、Vを3モル%を含み、{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が15質量%であった。該触媒を用いて実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維を得た。得られた炭素繊維は実施例1のような凝集体を成していた。炭素繊維の評価結果を表1に示す。得られた炭素繊維は、ラマン分光測定によるR値(ID/IG)が1.20、X線回折による面間隔C0が0.690nmであった。
硝酸鉄(III)九水和物2.41質量部を水1.06質量部に添加し溶解させ、次いで七モリブデン酸六アンモニウム0.011質量部を添加し溶解させた他は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。該触媒は、Feに対してMoを1モル%を含み、{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が25質量%であった。該触媒を用いて実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維を得た。得られた炭素繊維は実施例1のような凝集体を成していた。炭素繊維の評価結果を表1に示す。得られた炭素繊維は、ラマン分光測定によるR値(ID/IG)が1.20、X線回折による面間隔C0が0.690nmであった。
七モリブデン酸六アンモニウムを0.079質量部に、およびメタバンジン酸アンモニウムを0.052質量部に代えた他は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。該触媒は、Feに対してMoを10モル%、Vを10モル%を含み、{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が20質量%であった。該触媒を用いて実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維を得た。炭素繊維の評価結果を表1に示す。得られた炭素繊維は、ラマン分光測定によるR値(ID/IG)が1.55、X線回折による面間隔C0が0.691nmであった。
メタバナジン酸アンモニウムを0.210質量部に代えた他は実施例2と同様にして触媒を得た。該触媒は、Feに対してMoを1モル%、Vを40モル%を含み、{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が20質量%であった。該触媒を用いて実施例2と同様にして炭素繊維を得た。炭素繊維の評価結果を表1に示す。得られた炭素繊維は、ラマン分光測定によるR値(ID/IG)が1.50、X線回折による面間隔C0が0.691nmであった。
硝酸鉄(III)九水和物1.28質量部を水1.72質量部に添加し溶解させ、次いで七モリブデン酸六アンモニウム0.056質量部を添加し溶解させた他は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。該触媒は、Feに対してMoを10モル%を含み、{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が15質量%であった。該触媒を用いて実施例1と同様にして炭素繊維を得た。炭素繊維の評価結果を表1に示す。得られた炭素繊維は、ラマン分光測定によるR値(ID/IG)が1.55、X線回折による面間隔C0が0.691nmであった。
セイシン企業社製 ジェットミルSTJ−200を用いて、プッシャーノズル圧0.64MPa、グライディングノズル圧0.60MPaの条件で、実施例1で得た炭素繊維の凝集体を粉砕した。粉砕された炭素繊維は図2に示すような凝集体を成していた。凝集体は体積基準累積粒度分布における50%粒子径D50が6μmであった。
Claims (11)
- Feと、Moと、Vと、担体とを含み、
ラマン分光測定によるR値(ID/IG)が0.5〜2.0であり、
{Fe質量/(Fe質量+担体質量)}×100(質量%)が5質量%以上30質量%以下であり、
Feに対してMoが0.1モル%以上5モル%未満であり、且つ
Feに対してVが0.1モル%以上20モル%以下である炭素繊維。 - Feに対してMoが0.3モル%以上3モル%以下である請求項1に記載の炭素繊維。
- Feに対してVが0.1モル%以上5モル%以下である請求項1または2に記載の炭素繊維。
- 担体が金属酸化物を含有している請求項1〜3のいずれかひとつに記載の炭素繊維。
- X線回折による面間隔C0が0.680〜0.695nmである請求項1〜4のいずれかひとつに記載の炭素繊維。
- 炭素繊維が凝集体を形成しており、該凝集体中の炭素繊維が一定方向に配向していない請求項1〜5のいずれかひとつに記載の炭素繊維。
- 凝集体のレーザー回折粒度測定による体積基準累積粒度分布において、50%粒子径(D50)が3μm以上20μm以下である請求項6に記載の炭素繊維。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかひとつに記載の炭素繊維を含有してなる複合材料。
- 複合材料が電極材料である請求項8に記載の複合材料。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれかひとつに記載の炭素繊維を含有してなる電気化学デバイス。
- Feと、Moと、Vと、担体とを含み、
Feに対するMoの割合が0.1モル%以上5モル%未満であり、且つ
Feに対するVの割合が0.1モル%以上20モル%以下である炭素繊維製造用触媒。
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KR100976174B1 (ko) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-16 | 금호석유화학 주식회사 | 얇은 다중벽 탄소나노튜브 제조용 촉매조성물 및 이의 제조방법 |
DE112011104393T5 (de) * | 2010-12-15 | 2013-09-12 | Showa Denko K.K. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kohlenstofffasern |
JP5497110B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-05-21 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 複合炭素繊維の製造方法 |
KR101303061B1 (ko) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-09-03 | 금호석유화학 주식회사 | 다중벽 탄소나노튜브 제조용 촉매조성물 |
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TW201422863A (zh) | 2014-06-16 |
CN103626149A (zh) | 2014-03-12 |
EP2700740A3 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
US9114992B2 (en) | 2015-08-25 |
KR101521452B1 (ko) | 2015-05-19 |
CN103626149B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
KR20140026296A (ko) | 2014-03-05 |
US20140054179A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
EP2700740A2 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
JP2014058439A (ja) | 2014-04-03 |
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