JP5303896B2 - 高分子化合物およびそれを用いた有機光電変換素子 - Google Patents
高分子化合物およびそれを用いた有機光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5303896B2 JP5303896B2 JP2007272239A JP2007272239A JP5303896B2 JP 5303896 B2 JP5303896 B2 JP 5303896B2 JP 2007272239 A JP2007272239 A JP 2007272239A JP 2007272239 A JP2007272239 A JP 2007272239A JP 5303896 B2 JP5303896 B2 JP 5303896B2
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- -1 R 21 Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
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- C08L65/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/115—Polyfluorene; Derivatives thereof
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3223—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
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- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/324—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain condensed
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/36—Oligomers, i.e. comprising up to 10 repeat units
- C08G2261/364—Oligomers, i.e. comprising up to 10 repeat units containing hetero atoms
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- C08G2261/40—Polymerisation processes
- C08G2261/41—Organometallic coupling reactions
- C08G2261/411—Suzuki reactions
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/90—Applications
- C08G2261/91—Photovoltaic applications
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- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Description
(1)
(式(1)中、Ar1およびAr2は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基または下式(3)で表される基を表す。R1、R2、R3およびR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアリール基を表す。これらの基に含まれる水素原子はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。)
(2)
(式(2)中、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9およびR10は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアリール基を表す。これらの基に含まれる水素原子はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。)
(3)
(式(3)中、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17およびR18は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアリール基を表す。これらの基に含まれる水素原子はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。)
(4)
(式(4)中、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R25およびR26は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアリール基を表す。これらの基に含まれる水素原子はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。)
(5)
(式(5)中、R27、R28、R29、R30、R31、R32、R33、R34、R35およびR36は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアリール基を表す。これらの基に含まれる水素原子はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。)
本発明の高分子化合物は、式(1)で表される繰り返し単位および式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含むことを特徴とする。
(10)
(式(10)中、gは1〜6の整数を表し、hは0〜5の整数を表す。)
アリーレン基としては、フェニレン基、ナフタレンジイル基、アントラセン−ジイル基、ビフェニル−ジイル基、ターフェニル−ジイル基、フルオレンジイル基、ベンゾフルオレンジイル基等があげられる。
(9)
(式(9)中、R19およびR20は、前述と同じ意味を表す。複数あるR19およびR20は同一であっても異なっていてもよい)
ここに複素環化合物とは、環式構造を持つ有機化合物のうち、環を構成する元素が炭素原子だけでなく、酸素、硫黄、窒素、リン、ホウ素、ヒ素などのヘテロ原子を環内に含むものをいう。2価の複素環基の中では、芳香族複素環基が好ましい。2価の複素環基における置換基を除いた部分の炭素数は通常3〜60程度である。また、2価の複素環基の置換基を含めた全炭素数は、通常3〜100程度である。
ヘテロ原子として、窒素を含む2価の複素環基:ピリジンージイル基(下式101〜106)、ジアザフェニレン基(下式107〜110)、キノリンジイル基(下式111〜125)、キノキサリンジイル基(下式126〜130)、アクリジンジイル基(下式131〜134)、ビピリジルジイル基(下式135〜137)、フェナントロリンジイル基(下式138〜140)。
ヘテロ原子として酸素、ケイ素、窒素、硫黄、セレン、ホウ素、リンなどを含む5員環複素環基(下式141〜145)。
ヘテロ原子として酸素、ケイ素、窒素、セレンなどを含む5員環縮合複素基(下式146〜157)。
前記式(3)で表される基。
(6)
(式(6)中、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17およびR18は前述と同じ意味を表す。)
(7)
(式(7)中、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R25およびR26は前述と同じ意味を表す。)
(8)
(式(8)中、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R27、R28、R29、R30、R31、R32、R33、R34、R35およびR36は前述と同じ意味を表す。)
Ak−block−Bm
Ak−block−(BC)m
(AC)k−block−Bm
(AC)k−block−(BC)m
(AC)k−block−(BC)m−block−Cn
等があげられる。なお、連鎖配列中k、mおよびnは繰り返し単位の数を表す。また、Cが複数個ある場合、それらは同一であっても相異なってもよい。
次に本発明の高分子化合物の製造方法について説明する。
本発明の高分子化合物の製造方法は、具体的には、モノマーとなる、縮合重合に関与する置換基を2個有する化合物を、必要に応じ、有機溶媒に溶解し、例えばアルカリや適当な触媒を用い、有機溶媒の融点以上沸点以下の温度で行うことができる。例えば、“オルガニック リアクションズ(Organic Reactions)”,第14巻,270−490頁,ジョンワイリー アンド サンズ(John Wiley&Sons,Inc.),1965年、“オルガニック シンセシス(Organic Syntheses)”,コレクティブ第6巻(Collective Volume VI),407−411頁,ジョンワイリー アンド サンズ(John Wiley&Sons,Inc.),1988年、ケミカル レビュー(Chem.Rev.),第95巻,2457頁(1995年)、ジャーナル オブ オルガノメタリック ケミストリー(J.Organomet.Chem.),第576巻,147頁(1999年)、マクロモレキュラー ケミストリー マクロモレキュラー シンポジウム(Macromol.Chem.,Macromol.Symp.),第12巻,229頁(1987年)などに記載の公知の方法を用いることができる。
−CH2S+Me2X-、 −CH2S+Ph2X-
(式中、Xはハロゲン原子を示し、Meはメチル基を示し、Phはフェニル基を示す。)
−CH2P+Ph3X-
(式中、Xはハロゲン原子を示し、Phはフェニル基を示す。)
−CH2PO(OR’)2
(式中、R’はアルキル基、アリール基、アリールアルキル基を示す。)
但し、Suzukiカップリング反応のような水との2相系での反応の場合にはその限りではない。
本発明の有機光電変換素子は、少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極と、該電極間に本発明の高分子化合物を含む層を有する。本発明の高分子化合物は、電子受容性化合物として用いることも電子供与性化合物として用いることもできるが、電子供与性化合物として用いることが好ましい。
1.一対の電極と、該電極間に本発明の高分子化合物を含有する第一の有機層と、該第一の有機層に隣接して設けられた電子供与性化合物を含有する第二の有機層とを有する有機光電変換素子;
2.一対の電極と、該電極間に電子受容性化合物を含有する第一の有機層と、該第一の有機層に隣接して設けられた本発明の高分子化合物を含有する第二の有機層とを有する有機光電変換素子;
3.一対の電極と、該電極間に本発明の高分子化合物及び電子供与性化合物を含有する有機層を少なくとも一層有する有機光電変換素子;
4.一対の電極と、該電極間に電子受容性化合物および本発明の高分子化合物を含有する有機層を有する有機光電変換素子;
5.一対の電極と、該電極間に設けられ電子受容性化合物及び本発明の高分子化合物を含有する有機層を少なくとも一層有する有機光電変換素子であって、該電子受容性化合物がフラーレン誘導体である有機光電変換素子;
前記有機薄膜の製造方法は、特に制限されず、例えば、本発明の高分子化合物を含む溶液からの成膜による方法が挙げられるが、真空蒸着法により薄膜を形成してもよい。
有機光電変換素子は、透明又は半透明の電極から太陽光等の光を照射することにより、電極間に光起電力が発生し、有機薄膜太陽電池として動作させることができる。有機薄膜太陽電池を複数集積することにより有機薄膜太陽電池モジュールとして用いることもできる。
(高分子化合物1の合成)
200mlセパラブルフラスコにメチルトリオクチルアンモニウムクロライド(商品名:aliquat336、Aldrich製、CH3N[(CH2)7CH3]3Cl、density 0.884g/ml,25℃、trademark of Henkel Corporation) 0.65g、化合物(C) 1.1276g、化合物(E)0.8194gを仕込み、窒素置換した。アルゴンバブリングしたトルエン25mlを加え、撹拌溶解後、更に30分アルゴンバブリングした。バス温85℃まで昇温後、酢酸パラジウム1.6mg、トリスo−メトキシフェニルフォスフィン4.8mgを加え、つづいてバス温を105℃まで昇温しながら、17.5%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液6.8mlを10分かけて滴下した。滴下後、バス温105℃で2時間攪拌し、反応溶液を室温まで冷却した。当該反応溶液中には、式(F)で表される繰り返し単位からなる重合体が含まれている。
(F)
当該重合体は、繰り返し単位として式(G)を含んでいる。
(G)
(高分子化合物2の合成)
200mlセパラブルフラスコにメチルトリオクチルアンモニウムクロライド(商品名:aliquat336、Aldrich製、CH3N[(CH2)7CH3]3Cl、density 0.884g/ml,25℃、trademark of Henkel Corporation)0.65g、化合物(C)1.5779g、化合物(E)1.1454gを仕込み、窒素置換した。アルゴンバブリングしたトルエン35mlを加え、撹拌溶解後、更に40分アルゴンバブリングした。バス温85℃まで昇温後、酢酸パラジウム1.6mg、トリスo−メトキシフェニルフォスフィン6.7mgを加え、つづいてバス温を105℃まで昇温しながら、17.5%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液9.5mlを6分かけて滴下した。滴下後、バス温105℃で1.7時間攪拌し、反応溶液を室温まで冷却した。当該反応溶液中には、式(F)で表される繰り返し単位からなる重合体が含まれている。当該重合体は、繰り返し単位として式(G)を含んでいる。
(高分子化合物3の合成)
化合物(C)1.061gと、化合物(D)1.253gとメチルトリオクチルアンモニウムクロライド(商品名:aliquat336、Aldrich製、CH3N[(CH2)7CH3]3Cl、density 0.884g/ml,25℃、trademark of Henkel Corporation)0.31gと、ジクロロビス(トリフェニルホスフィン)パラジウム(II) 3.2mgとを反応容器に仕込み、反応容器内をアルゴンガスで置換した。この反応容器に、予めアルゴンガスでバブリングして脱気したトルエン 45mlを加えた。次に、この溶液に、予めアルゴンガスでバブリングして脱気した16.7重量%炭酸ナトリウム水溶液 10mlを滴下し、12時間還流した。
次に、反応溶液を室温付近まで冷却し、フェニルホウ酸0.1g/テトラヒドロフラン0.5ml混合溶液を加えた後、2時間還流した。なお、反応はアルゴンガス雰囲気下で行った。
(高分子化合物4の合成)
窒素置換した1L三つ口フラスコに、化合物(C) 18.55g(34.98mmol)、化合物(E) 11.72g(36.17mmol)、メチルトリオクチルアンモニウムクロライド(商品名:aliquat336、Aldrich製、CH3N[(CH2)7CH3]3Cl、密度:0.884g/ml(25℃))4.00g、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 0.023g及びトルエン300mlを入れ、55℃に加熱、撹拌した。そこへ、2mol/lの炭酸ナトリウム水溶液60mlを滴下し、滴下終了後、95℃に昇温し、24時間反応させた。得られた溶液に、フェニルボロン酸2.0g、テトラヒドロフラン40ml及びPd(PPh3)2Cl2 0.023gを加え、更に24時間反応させた。得られた溶液を400mlのトルエンで希釈し、有機相を抽出後、温水600mlで3回洗浄した。得られた溶液に7.5重量%ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム三水和物水溶液300mlを加え、80℃で一晩撹拌した。静置して水相を除去後、2重量%酢酸600mlで洗浄し、続いて温水600mlで2回洗浄した。得られた溶液に500mlのトルエンを加え、3Lのメタノールに2回に分けて注加、再沈殿させた。得られた溶液をろ過して回収した重合体を1Lのメタノールで洗浄し、60℃で終夜真空乾燥した。得られた重合体を2Lの熱トルエンに溶解させ、セライト、シリカゲル及び塩基性アルミナを用いたカラムを通した。800mlの熱トルエンでカラムを洗浄し、得られた溶液を1300mlまで濃縮した。3Lのメタノールに2回に分けて注加し、重合体を再沈殿させ、得られた沈殿物をろ過して重合体を回収した。この重合体を、メタノール、アセトン、メタノール(各500ml)で順番に洗浄し、60℃で真空乾燥することにより、高分子化合物4を得た。高分子化合物4のポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量Mnは2.2×104であり、ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量Mwは4.4×104であった。
(有機薄膜太陽電池の作製、評価)
電子供与体として高分子化合物1を0.75%(重量%)の濃度でキシレンに溶解させた。その後、高分子化合物1の重量に対して3倍重量のPCBM(Phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester、フロンティアカーボン社製、商品名E100)を電子受容体として溶液に混合した。ついで、1.0μmのテフロン(登録商標)フィルターで濾過し、塗布溶液を作製した。
高分子化合物1に代えて高分子化合物2を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様の方法で有機光電変換素子を作製し、光電変換効率を測定した。測定結果を表1に示す。
高分子化合物1に代えて高分子化合物3を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様の方法で有機光電変換素子を作製し、光電変換効率を測定した。測定結果を表1に示す。
高分子化合物1に代えて高分子化合物4を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様の方法で有機光電変換素子を作製し、光電変換効率を測定した。測定結果を表1に示す。
表1から分かるように、式(1)で表される繰り返し単位および式(2)で表される繰り返し単位とを含有する高分子化合物1、2を用いて形成した有機薄膜太陽電池(実施例3、4)は、本発明の高分子化合物以外の高分子化合物を用いて形成した有機薄膜太陽電池(比較例1〜3)に比べて高い光電変換効率を示した。
Claims (11)
- 式(1)で表される繰り返し単位および式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を含む高分子化合物。
(1)
(式(1)中、Ar1およびAr2は、それぞれ独立に、アリーレン基または下式(3)で表される基を表す。R1、R2、R3およびR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアリール基を表す。これらの基に含まれる水素原子はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。)
(2)
(式(2)中、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9およびR10は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアリール基を表す。これらの基に含まれる水素原子はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。)
(3)
(式(3)中、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17およびR18は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアリール基を表す。これらの基に含まれる水素原子はフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい。) - 式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を、式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を有するブロックとして含む請求項1または2に記載の高分子化合物。
- 式(2)で表される繰り返し単位を、式(6)で表される繰り返し単位、下式(7)で表される繰り返し単位および下式(8)で表される繰り返し単位からなる群から選ばれる1種以上の繰り返し単位を有するブロックとして含む請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の高分子化合物。
(6)
(式(6)中、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17およびR18は前述と同じ意味を表す。)
(7)
(式(7)中、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R19、R20、R21、R22、R23、R24、R25およびR26は前述と同じ意味を表す。)
(8)
(式(8)中、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R27、R28、R29、R30、R31、R32、R33、R34、R35およびR36は前述と同じ意味を表す。) - 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の高分子化合物を含む有機層を有する有機光電変換素子。
- 少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極と、該電極間に請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の高分子化合物を含有する第一の有機層と、該第一の有機層に隣接して設けられた電子供与性化合物を含有する第二の有機層とを有する有機光電変換素子。
- 少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極と、該電極間に電子受容性化合物を含有する第一の有機層と、該第一の有機層に隣接して設けられた請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の高分子化合物を含有する第二の有機層とを有する有機光電変換素子。
- 少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極と、該電極間に請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の高分子化合物および電子供与性化合物を含有する有機層を有する有機光電変換素子。
- 少なくとも一方が透明又は半透明である一対の電極と、該電極間に電子受容性化合物および請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の高分子化合物を含有する有機層を有する有機光電変換素子。
- 電子受容性化合物がフラーレン誘導体である請求項10に記載の有機光電変換素子。
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JP2010034494A (ja) * | 2008-06-30 | 2010-02-12 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 有機光電変換素子 |
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US9006714B2 (en) | 2009-10-29 | 2015-04-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Photovoltaic device |
JP5740836B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-29 | 2015-07-01 | 住友化学株式会社 | 光電変換素子 |
US20120216866A1 (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2012-08-30 | Takehito Kato | Organic photovoltaic cell |
US8895693B2 (en) | 2010-06-25 | 2014-11-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electron-donating polymers and organic solar cells including the same |
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US9412950B2 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2016-08-09 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polymer compound and organic photoelectric conversion device |
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