JP4873327B2 - 圧電素子 - Google Patents
圧電素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4873327B2 JP4873327B2 JP2007518880A JP2007518880A JP4873327B2 JP 4873327 B2 JP4873327 B2 JP 4873327B2 JP 2007518880 A JP2007518880 A JP 2007518880A JP 2007518880 A JP2007518880 A JP 2007518880A JP 4873327 B2 JP4873327 B2 JP 4873327B2
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003192 Nb–Ta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003286 Ni-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018605 Ni—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
11、31、41 圧電セラミックス
12a、12b、42、45 内部電極
20a、20b 外部電極
32a、32b 外部電極
46 Cu相
47 NiO相
48 空孔
0<bz/3≦0.035 …(2)
0.345≦x≦0.480 …(3)
zはBサイト中の第3成分(MII,MV)の含有モル比を規定するが、zが0.40を超えるとキュリー点Tcの低下を招き、圧電性が消失する臨界温度が低下し、好ましくない。すなわち、第3成分(MII,MV)とPbの複合酸化物は、通常のPZTに比べてキュリー点Tcが低くなるという特性があり、特に、zが0.40を超えて第3成分(MII,MV)が過分に含有されるとキュリー点Tcの低下を招き、好ましくない。
bz/3はBサイト中のドナー元素MVの含有量を規定するが、bz/3が0以下になると、第3成分(MII,MV)の配合モル比が化学量論組成又はアクセプター過剰となって圧電定数dの低下を招くおそれがある。すなわち、Cuを主成分とする電極と圧電セラミックスとを同時焼成すると、焼成処理中に電極を構成すべきCuの一部が酸化してCuOとなり、圧電セラミックス11側に拡散する。Bサイトの平均価数は化学量論組成では4価であるが、Cuは2価であることからCuOが圧電セラミックス側11に拡散してペロブスカイト型複合酸化物のBサイトに固溶されるとアクセプターとして作用する。このとき、bz/3が0又は負値となって第3成分(MII,MV)の配合モル比が化学量論組成又はアクセプタ過剰になっていると、Bサイトの電荷が4価から大きく低下し、圧電定数dの低下を招く。しかも、CuOのうち、圧電セラミックス11内に拡散せずにペロブスカイト型複合酸化物に固溶されなかったCuOは結晶粒界に偏析して偏析相を形成し、これによっても圧電定数dの低下を招くおそれがある。
PZT系の圧電セラミックスでは、固溶体組成がMPB(相転移境界)近傍のときに高い圧電定数dを得ることができる。本実施の形態では、上記数式(1)に示すように、Bサイト中の第3成分(MII,MV)の含有モル比zを0.05≦z≦0.40としているため、Bサイト中のTiの含有モル比xが0.345未満、又は0.480を超えると、固溶体組成がMPBから大きく離れ、圧電定数dの低下を招く。
0≦a≦0.05 …(5)
αはAサイトとBサイトとの配合モル比を規定するが、αが0.965未満になると、化学量論組成から離れすぎて焼結性が低下し、1000℃程度の焼成温度では焼結させることができず、Cuを主成分とする内部電極12a、12bを同時焼成して得るのが困難となる。
aはAサイト中の置換モル比を規定するが、aが0.05を超えると焼結性が低下して1000℃程度の焼成温度では圧電セラミックスを焼結させることができず、したがって内部電極12a、12bを同時焼成して得ることができなくなる。
Claims (10)
- 一般式ABO3で表されるペロブスカイト型複合酸化物を主成分とした圧電セラミックスと、Cuを主成分とする電極とが同時焼成されてなる圧電素子であって、
前記ペロブスカイト型複合酸化物は、AサイトにPbが含有されると共に、BサイトにTi、Zr、2価の金属元素からなるアクセプター元素MII、および5価の金属元素からなるドナー元素MVがそれぞれ含有され、
Bサイト中に占める前記アクセプター元素MIIおよび前記ドナー元素MVの含有モル比の総計をz、前記アクセプター元素MIIと前記ドナー元素MVとの配合モル比を1:(2+b)、及びTiのBサイト中の含有モル比をxとしたときに、
0.05≦z≦0.40、
0<bz/3≦0.035、
0.345≦x≦0.480
を満たしていることを特徴とする圧電素子。 - 前記アクセプター元素MIIは、Ni、Zn、Mn、Co、Fe、Cr、及びCuの中から選択された少なくとも一種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の圧電素子。
- 前記ドナー元素MVは、Nb、Sb、Ta、及びVの中から選択された少なくとも一種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載の圧電素子。
- 前記電極は内部電極を構成し、前記内部電極と前記圧電セラミックスとが交互に積層された積層構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の圧電素子。
- 前記圧電セラミックスは、組成式Pbα-aMea[(MII 1/3MV (2+b)/3)zTixZr1-x-z]O 3 (ただし、Meは金属元素を示す。)で表され、
α、aが、それぞれ
0.965≦α≦1.020、
0≦a≦0.05
を満たしていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載の圧電素子。 - 前記金属元素Meは、Ba、Sr、Ca、Sc、Y、La、Nd、及びBiの中から選択された少なくとも一種以上を含むことを特徴とする請求項5記載の圧電素子。
- 前記電極にはNiが含有されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれかに記載の圧電素子。
- 前記電極は、金属成分中のCuの含有量が70wt%以上90wt%以下であって、かつNiの含有量が10wt%以上30wt%以下(ただし、CuとNiの含有量総計は100wt%以下)に調製された導電性ペーストが焼結されてなることを特徴とする請求項7記載の圧電素子。
- 前記電極は、実質的にCuからなるCu相が形成されると共に、前記Cu相と圧電セラミックスとの界面および前記Cu相中に形成された空孔のうちの少なくともいずれか一方にNiO相が存在していることを特徴とする請求項7または請求項8記載の圧電素子。
- 前記アクセプター元素MIIは、少なくともNiを含むことを特徴とする請求項7ないし請求項9のいずれかに記載の圧電素子。
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