JP4568477B2 - 画像安定性を改良した電気泳動媒体 - Google Patents
画像安定性を改良した電気泳動媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
- G09G3/344—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
- G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
- G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
- G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0233—Improving the luminance or brightness uniformity across the screen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
- G09G2320/0252—Improving the response speed
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
- G09G2330/02—Details of power systems and of start or stop of display operation
- G09G2330/021—Power management, e.g. power saving
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Description
カプセル化の準備が出来た媒体A内相1084.6gを製造するために、重合体被覆チタニア40.4gを、充填剤(Solsperse 17000)4.1g、界面活性剤(Span 85)4.1gおよび1:1(w/w)のIsopar/Halocarbon溶媒123gと混ぜ合わせることにより、媒体A前駆体542.3gを調製した。この分散体を一晩混合し、次いで、約1〜2時間にわたって、超音波処理した。別のジャーにて、重合体被覆したカーボンブラック1.7gを、1:1(w/w)のIsopar/Halocarbon溶媒123gと混ぜ合わせた;また、この分散体を一晩攪拌し、次いで、1〜2時間超音波処理した。次いで、このチタニアおよびカーボンブラック分散体を合わせ、そして1:1(w/w)のIsopar/Halocarbon溶媒246gで希釈した。媒体A前駆体を等質量の1:1(w/w)のIsopar/Halocarbon溶媒で希釈することにより、媒体A内相を調製した。ポリイソブチレンを含有する媒体では、下記のように、その最終希釈溶媒を、適切な濃度のポリイソブチレンを使って、調製した。Isopar Vを含有する媒体では、Isopar GをIsopar Vで置き換えて、上で規定した手順に従った。
カプセル化の準備が出来た媒体A内相1000gを製造するために、チタニア120gおよびカーボンブラック9gを、別々に、重合体被覆した。重合体被覆したチタニアを、その自体の重量の3.0%の分散剤と混合し、そして1:1(w/w)のIsopar/Halocarbon混合物の30%(w/w)ストック溶液を構成した。重合体被覆したカーボンブラックは、同様に、マイクロフリューダイザーを使用して、約5%(w/w)のストック溶液に構成した。得られた2種のストック溶液を、十分な追加1:1(w/w)Isopar/Halocarbon混合物と混ぜ合わせて、その混合物1000gを作製し、これを、よく振盪して、そのカプセル化プロセスで使用する前に、少なくとも24時間、ロールミルで保存した。(ポリイソシアネートまたはIsopar Vを含有する媒体では、下記のように、この混合段階にて、この重合体を付加するか、Isopar GをIsopar Vで置き換えた)。
そのように調製した内相をカプセル化するために、4Lの反応器にて、40℃で、攪拌しつつ、ゼラチン(22.5g)を脱イオン水(1311.2g)に溶解したが、その溶液の表面で泡が発生しないように注意を払った。別に、アカシア(16.7g;これは、Sigma−Aldrichから入手できる)を脱イオン水(327.8g)に溶解し、得られた溶液を40℃まで加熱した。また、別に、上記内相(580g)を40℃まで加熱し、次いで、約15分間にわたって、このゼラチン溶液に加えた;そのゼラチン溶液は、この添加中に攪拌したが、その添加は、この内相を滴下漏斗(その出口は、ゼラチン溶液の表面より下に設置した)を通って導入することにより、行った。その内相の添加を完了した後、その攪拌速度を高め、この内相を小滴(これは、媒体Aについて約200μmの直径を有し、また、媒体Bについて約80μmの直径を有する)に乳化するために、攪拌を、40℃で、30分間継続した。
カプセル化の準備が出来ている媒体C内相1064gを作製するために、重合体被覆チタニア406.8gをIsopar溶媒271.2gと混ぜ合わせることにより、第一媒体C前駆体678グラムを調製した。この分散体を一晩混合し、次いで、約1〜2時間にわたって、超音波処理した。別のジャーで、重合体被覆カーボンブラック16.7グラムをIsopat溶媒67.0グラムと混ぜ合わせた;次いで、この分散体を、高剪断分散した。次いで、このチタニアおよびカーボンブラックの分散体を混ぜ合わせ、そしてIsopar溶媒194.9g、Isopar溶媒中の充填剤(Solsperse 17000)の10重量%溶液48.8g、界面活性剤(Span85)5.2g、およびIsopar溶媒中の必要量の重合体で希釈した。得られた媒体C内相を、カプセル化前に、一晩混合した。
そのように調製した内相をカプセル化するために、4Lの反応器にて、40℃で、攪拌しつつ、ゼラチン(66.7g)を脱イオン水(2622.2g)に溶解したが、その溶液の表面で泡が発生しないように注意を払った。別に、アカシア(66.7g;これは、Sigma−Aldrichから入手できる)を脱イオン水(655.6g)に溶解し、得られた溶液を40℃まで加熱した。また、別に、上記内相(1060g)を40℃まで加熱し、次いで、約15分間にわたって、このゼラチン溶液に加えた;そのゼラチン溶液は、この添加中に攪拌したが、その添加は、この内相を滴下漏斗(その出口は、ゼラチン溶液の表面より下に設置した)を通って導入することにより、行った。その内相の添加を完了した後、その攪拌速度を高め、この内相を小滴(これは、約40μmの直径を有する)に乳化するために、攪拌を、40℃で、60分間継続した。
本実施例は、媒体A中の懸濁流体にPIBを加えると、PIB添加により引き起こされる粘度上昇に帰因するものよりも高い画像安定性の上昇が得られることを説明している。
本実施例は、媒体B中の懸濁流体にPIBを加えると、このPIB添加により引き起こされる相対粘度の上昇に帰因するものよりも高い画像安定性の上昇が得られることを説明している。
本実施例は、PIBの添加と共に媒体AおよびBを使用して得られた画像が、事実上同じ粘度の懸濁流体を有するがPIBを欠いている変性媒体AおよびBから得られる画像よりもゆっくりと劣化することを説明している。
本実施例は、本発明により、電気泳動表示装置の極端な(黒色および白色)光学状態だけでなく、中間の灰色状態の安定化も可能であることを説明している。
本実施例は、本発明により得られる画像安定性の向上が、温度により著しい影響を受けないことを説明している。
本実施例は、本発明の電気泳動媒体で使用される重合体の最適な分子量範囲を決定する方法を説明している。
広範囲な分子量範囲にわたる一連のポリイソブチレンは、Sigma−AldrichおよびScientific Polymer Products,Inc.から購入した;これらの業者によれば、この一連のポリイソブチレンは、約105〜4.6×106の範囲の粘度平均分子量(Mv)を有する。各ポリイソブチレンを、媒体AおよびBを調製するのに使用した脂肪族炭化水素/ハロ炭化水素溶媒に別々に溶解し、得られた溶液の25℃での固有粘度を、図4で示したデータを調製するのに上記実施例1で使用した方法と同じ方法で測定した;それらの結果を、図11で示す。
[η]=kMv a
ここで、Mvは、粘度平均分子量であり、そしてkは、定数であり、図11で示した最良適合の切片である(Hiemenz,P.C.「Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry」、Marcel Dekker,New York,New York(1986)を参照)。重合体および溶媒に伴う変動の値は、典型的には、0.5<a<0.8の範囲に入る。例えば、「Polymer Handbook,3版」、J.Brandrup and E.H.Immergut(著)、Wiley Interscience:New York,New York(1989)を参照。0.5の値は、溶解した重合体に対するシータ溶解力条件を示し、この場合、重合体/溶媒対に対するシータ溶解力とは、その溶媒から無限分子量の重合体が沈殿する状態である。高いaの値(例えば、0.7またはそれ以上)は、良溶解力、すなわち、潜在的な断熱溶解力を示している。従って、図11で観察された0.61の勾配は、この脂肪族炭化水素/ハロゲン化炭化水素溶媒混合物が、25℃で、PIBに対して、中程度に良溶媒であることを示している。
A部と同じ重合体を使って、媒体Bを使用して、表示装置の画像安定性を決定するために、さらに別の実験を行った。各重合体について、適切な粘度範囲が含まれることを保証するために、図11を使用して、異なる濃度の重合体を有する表示装置を作製した。上記と同じ様式で、各表示装置について、白色状態および黒色状態の画像安定性を測定し、画像安定性を、図6と同じ様式で、各重合体について、相対粘度の関数としてプロットした。
本実施例は、本発明の電気泳動媒体中で低い多分散指数を有する重合体を使用することを説明している。
本実施例は、本発明の電気泳動媒体で使用される重合体用の懸濁流体で必要な溶媒品質を説明する。
本実施例は、数時間から数日の画像安定性を有する電気泳動媒体の作製を説明している。
本実施例は、実施例9で示した種々の状態の画像安定性が温度と実質的に無関係であることを説明している。
本実施例は、本発明に従って電気泳動媒体に重合体を加えると、その媒体に加えられる低電圧インパルスに対する非線形応答が得られることを説明している。
Claims (14)
- 複数の粒子(108;108、218;218、320)を含有する電気泳動媒体(100;200;300)を有する電気泳動表示装置であって、該粒子(108;108、218;218、320)は、懸濁流体(106;206;306)に懸濁され、該媒体(100;200;300)に電場をかけると、該懸濁流体(106;206;306)を通って、移動でき、該表示装置は、少なくとも1個の電極(110、112)をさらに有し、該電極は、該媒体に隣接しており、そして該媒体に電場を加えることができ、該表示装置は、該懸濁流体(106;206;306)が重合体を溶解または分散していることを特徴とし、該重合体は、20,000を超える数平均分子量を有し、該粒子(108;108、218;218、320)に事実上非吸収性である、電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記重合体が、100,000を超える数平均分子量および/または重量平均分子量を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記重合体が、150,000〜3,000,000の範囲の数平均分子量を有することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記重合体が、300,000〜3,000,000の範囲の重量平均分子量を有することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記重合体が、2以下の多分散指数を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記重合体が、炭化水素重合体であり、該炭化水素重合体が、前記懸濁流体中でイオン性成分またはイオン化可能成分を供給できる官能基を事実上含まないことを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記重合体が、ポリオレフィンまたはポリシロキサンであることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記重合体が、ポリイソブチレンであることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記ポリイソブチレンが、200,000〜1,600,000g/moleの範囲の粘度平均分子量を有することを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記懸濁流体が、脂肪族炭化水素から構成されるか、または脂肪族炭化水素およびハロゲン化炭化水素の混合物から構成されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記懸濁流体および前記重合体が、分子量に伴う固有粘度の変化の指数が0.55〜0.8の範囲内に入るようにされることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記重合体が、前記懸濁流体の0.25〜2.5重量%の量で存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 前記重合体が、前記懸濁流体の0.75〜2重量%の量で存在していることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の電気泳動表示装置。
- 複数の粒子(108;108、218;218、320)を含有する電気泳動媒体(100;200;300)を有する電気泳動表示装置であって、該粒子(108;108、218;218、320)は、炭化水素懸濁流体(106;206;306)に懸濁され、該媒体(100;200;300)に電場をかけると、該懸濁流体(106;206;306)を通って、移動でき、該表示装置は、少なくとも1個の電極(110、112)をさらに有し、該電極は、該媒体に隣接しており、そして該媒体に電場を加えることができ、該表示装置は、該懸濁流体(106;206;306)がポリイソブチレンを溶解または分散していることを特徴とし、該ポリイソブチレンは、200,000〜1,600,000g/moleの範囲の粘度平均分子量を有し、該ポリイソブチレンは、該懸濁流体(106;206;306)の0.5〜2.5重量%を占める、電気泳動表示装置。
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US28095101P | 2001-04-02 | 2001-04-02 | |
PCT/US2002/010267 WO2002079869A1 (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2002-04-02 | Electrophoretic medium with improved image stability |
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US (1) | US7170670B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1390810B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP4568477B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100824249B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1282027C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE324615T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60210949T2 (ja) |
HK (1) | HK1064746A1 (ja) |
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- 2002-04-02 EP EP02757934A patent/EP1390810B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2002-04-02 KR KR1020037013001A patent/KR100824249B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5641721B2 (ja) | 2014-12-17 |
DE60210949D1 (de) | 2006-06-01 |
DE60210949T2 (de) | 2006-09-21 |
JP2004526199A (ja) | 2004-08-26 |
EP1666964A2 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
ATE324615T1 (de) | 2006-05-15 |
CN1500229A (zh) | 2004-05-26 |
HK1064746A1 (en) | 2005-02-04 |
JP2010002933A (ja) | 2010-01-07 |
KR100824249B1 (ko) | 2008-04-24 |
EP1666964A3 (en) | 2007-03-14 |
WO2002079869A1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
US7170670B2 (en) | 2007-01-30 |
EP1390810A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
US20020180687A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
EP1666964B1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
KR20030083762A (ko) | 2003-10-30 |
CN1282027C (zh) | 2006-10-25 |
EP1390810B1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
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