JP2012516211A - 剛性を持った眼のインプラント、移植方法及び移植システム - Google Patents
剛性を持った眼のインプラント、移植方法及び移植システム Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/00781—Apparatus for modifying intraocular pressure, e.g. for glaucoma treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0014—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
- A61F2210/0019—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at only one temperature whilst inside or touching the human body, e.g. constrained in a non-operative shape during surgery, another temperature only occurring before the operation
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
図2は、人間の眼の一部分についての断面図である。一般に、眼は球形状であり、外側では強膜Sによって覆われる。網膜は、眼の内側の後の半分に存在する。網膜は、光を感じて、視神経によって脳にシグナルを送る。眼の大部分は、硝子体、透明なゼリー状物質によって満たされ且つ支持される。弾性を有するレンズLは、眼の前面近くに位置する。レンズLは、焦点の調整を提供するとともに、毛様体CBから水晶体嚢(capsular bag)内で吊されている。毛様体CBは、レンズの焦点距離を変える筋肉を含む。レンズLの前の体積は、虹彩Iによって2つに分割される。虹彩は、レンズの開口と、網膜を打つ(strike)光の量と、を制御する。瞳は、光が通過する虹彩Iの中心にある穴である。虹彩IとレンズLとの間にある体積(volume)は、後眼房PCである。虹彩Iと角膜との間にある体積は、前眼房ACである。後眼房PC及び前眼房ACは、眼房液として知られている清澄液で満たされる。
図3は、インプラント105の第1の実施態様を示す。インプラント105は、近位端と、遠位端と、前眼房から脈絡膜上腔にインプラントの内外にわたって(through or around)インプラントの長さに沿った流体(例えば眼房液)が流れることのできる構造と、を有する細長い部材である。上述したように、インプラント105の近位端が前眼房の中に位置して、インプラントの遠位端が毛様体と強膜との間に存在する眼のある領域まで延在することができる。インプラントの遠位端は、脈絡膜と強膜との間のような、毛様体の後方にある眼のある領域まで延在することができる。脈絡膜上腔は、強膜と毛様体との間にある領域に加えて、強膜と脈絡膜との間にある領域を含むことができる。インプラント105は、前眼房と脈絡膜上腔との間で眼房液が連通するための流体経路を備えることができる。
実施態様において、運搬システムは、インプラント105が前眼房と脈絡膜上腔との間で流体連通(fluid communication)を提供するように、眼の中にインプラント105を運搬するために用いられる。図5Aは、眼の中にインプラント105を運搬するために用いることができる運搬システム305の実施態様を示す。図5Bは、眼の中にインプラント105を運搬するために用いることができる運搬システム305の別の実施態様を示す。当然のことながら、これらの運搬システム305が図示のためのものであり、運搬システム305の構造、形状及び動作における変形が可能である。
インプラント105がアプライヤー515の上に搭載されるように、アプライヤー515の外径は、インプラント105(つまり、流体経路(fluid channel))の内径よりも一般に小さい。ある場合には、アプライヤー515の外径が著しく小さくてもよく、それによりアプライヤー515とインプラント105との間の隙間Gを作成する(図6Eを参照)。この隙間Gは、運搬構成要素320に対して保持層512あるいは保持コーティングを加えることに余地を残す(図6Fを参照)。眼の中の所望の目標場所に運搬されるまで、インプラント105がアプライヤー515から不注意に落ちることを防止するために、保持層512は、鈍的切開と移植との間にアプライヤー515上でインプラント105を保持することができる。インプラントとアプライヤーとの間での保持層512の利点は、運搬システム305の高さを非常に低くすること(low profile)及び移植の各工程を視覚化するユーザーの改善された能力(ability)である。その一方、インプラントの外周に(externally around)付け加えられた保持層は、運搬装置の外形形状(profile)を著しく増大させて、運搬の工程を視覚化するユーザーの能力に否定的な影響を及ぼす。外部保持層は、運搬装置を挿入するために必要とされる切開のサイズを増加させる。
上述したように、運搬構成要素320は、細長いアプライヤー515を含むことができる。アプライヤー515の形状、構造、材料及び材料特性は、強膜の内側壁に隣接する組織境界間での穏やかな(gentle)鈍的切開、及び、脈絡膜上腔の生成を最適化するために選択される。アプライヤー515は、インプラント105が装填されたときにアプライヤー515が延在するインプラント105の内部管腔の横断面の形状を補完する横断面サイズ及び形状を有することができる。
眼の中にインプラントを運搬し且つ移植する方法が説明される。一般に、1つ以上のインプラント105が、本願明細書に記載されるような運搬システムを用いて、滑動可能に脈絡膜上腔に装着されて、脈絡膜上腔やその近くに移植される。運搬システムのアプライヤー上にインプラントを装着することは、上述されるような柔軟で薄型のアプライヤーを依然として維持するもののアプライヤーの先端上でインプラントを可逆的に保持する保持層(あるいはアプライヤーあるいはインプラントの内側壁上での保持コーティング)によって援助することができる。保持層は、例えば、アプライヤー515の近位の引き出しのときに、ユーザーがインプラントの運搬構成要素を作動させるとともにアプライヤー515からの制御された放出を有効にするまで、運搬の間にインプラントがアプライヤーから不注意に落ちることを回避するために用いることができる。インプラント105が眼の中に固定されて、その結果、前眼房と脈絡膜上腔との間の流体連通を提供する。
本出願は、米国特許法119条(e)に基づき、同時係属の米国の仮特許出願61/147,988号(2009年1月28日に出願された「剛性を持った眼のインプラント」)、仮特許出願61/222,054号(2009年6月30日に出願された「眼科装置移植方法及びシステム」)、及び仮特許出願61/246,017号(2009年9月25日に出願された「房水産生を低減するための眼のインプラント」の優先権利益を主張する。仮特許出願の開示は、参照によってそれらの全体が本願に組み入れられる。
Claims (20)
- 流れ経路を形成する内部管腔と、前記流れ経路と連通する少なくとも1つの流入ポートと、前記流れ経路と連通する少なくとも1つの排出ポートと、を有する細長い部材であって、当該細長い部材が眼の中に移植されたときに前眼房と脈絡膜上腔との間に流体経路を提供するために、少なくとも1つの流入ポートが前眼房と連通するとともに、少なくとも1つの排出ポートが脈絡膜上腔と連通するように、眼の中に配置されるように構成される細長い部材と、
細長い部材に剛性を与える壁材であって、移植後に、細長い部材がテントされた体積を形成する脈絡膜上腔を囲む眼組織を変形するように、剛性が選択されている壁材と、を備えることを特徴とする、眼のインプラント。 - 前記細長い部材の剛性は、前記脈絡膜上腔を囲む眼組織の剛性より高いことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記細長い部材は、前記脈絡膜上腔の湾曲に対して弦を形成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記脈絡膜上腔を囲む眼組織は、第1の境界及び第1の湾曲を有する外側組織シェルと、第2の境界及び第2の湾曲を有する内側組織シェルとを備えて、前記第1の湾曲及び第2の湾曲はある比率を形成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記細長い部材の剛性は、第1の湾曲と第2の湾曲との間の比率を変えることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載のインプラント。
- 前記細長い部材は、移植されたときに交差するものの、第1の湾曲又は第2の湾曲に従うように湾曲することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載のインプラント。
- 前記壁材は、30,000ポンド/平方インチ未満のヤング率を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記壁材は、約30,000ポンド/平方インチ乃至約70,000ポンド/平方インチのヤング率を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記壁材は、およそ200,000ポンド/平方インチのヤング率を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記壁材は、40,000,000ポンド/平方インチ以下のヤング率を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記細長い部材は、約0.012インチの内径と約0.015インチの外径とを有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記細長い部材は、約0.250インチ乃至約0.300インチの長さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 眼の角膜に切開を形成するステップと、
流体通路と、インプラントに剛性を与える壁材と、を有するインプラントを運搬装置に搭載するステップと、
前記切開を通じて運搬装置に搭載されたインプラントを眼の前眼房に挿入するステップと、
前眼房から脈絡膜上腔の中に経路に沿ってインプラントを通すステップと、
脈絡膜上腔と前眼房との間に流体通路を提供するために、流体通路の第1の部分が前眼房と連通するとともに流体通路の第2の部分が脈絡膜上腔と連通するように、脈絡膜上腔に少なくともインプラントの一部を配置するステップと、
前記インプラントが脈絡膜上腔の内で所定形状を実現して、脈絡膜上腔の湾曲に対して弦を形成するように、前記運搬装置からインプラントを放出するステップと、を含むことを特徴とする、眼の中に眼科装置を移植する方法。 - 前記弦は真っ直ぐであることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記弦は湾曲していることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記インプラントの剛性は隣接する眼組織の剛性より高いことを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 眼の角膜に切開を形成するステップと、
流体通路を含むインプラントを、切開を通じて眼の前眼房の中に挿入するステップと、
前眼房から脈絡膜上腔の中に経路に沿って前記インプラントを通すステップと、
脈絡膜上腔と前眼房との間に流体通路を提供するために、流体通路の第1の部分が前眼房と連通するとともに流体通路の第2の部分が脈絡膜上腔と連通するように、前記インプラントを配置するステップと、
毛様体から房水の流出を低減するために前記インプラントで毛様体に力を印加するステップと、を含むことを特徴とする、目を治療する方法。 - 前記インプラントで毛様体に力を印加することは、毛様体によるプロスタグランジン産生の増加を引き起こすことを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記インプラントで毛様体に力を印加することは、毛様体の少なくとも一部を移動することを含むことを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の方法。
- インプラントで毛様体に力を印加することは、毛様体を移動しないことを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の方法。
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US8262726B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
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