JP2010524692A - 透明な加工品の表面に構造体を組み込む方法 - Google Patents
透明な加工品の表面に構造体を組み込む方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2010524692A JP2010524692A JP2010503386A JP2010503386A JP2010524692A JP 2010524692 A JP2010524692 A JP 2010524692A JP 2010503386 A JP2010503386 A JP 2010503386A JP 2010503386 A JP2010503386 A JP 2010503386A JP 2010524692 A JP2010524692 A JP 2010524692A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- laser beam
- workpiece
- structured
- laser
- pulse
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
- C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
- C03C23/0025—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by a laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/435—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/44—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using single radiation source per colour, e.g. lighting beams or shutter arrangements
- B41J2/442—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using single radiation source per colour, e.g. lighting beams or shutter arrangements using lasers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/435—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/47—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using the combination of scanning and modulation of light
- B41J2/471—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using the combination of scanning and modulation of light using dot sequential main scanning by means of a light deflector, e.g. a rotating polygonal mirror
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/262—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used recording or marking of inorganic surfaces or materials, e.g. glass, metal, or ceramics
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 所定の波長領域で透明な加工品(W)の表面(O)中に構造体(M)を組み込む方法であって、前記構造化されるべき表面(O)は対象物材料を含有する対象物表面(3)と接触し、波長が前記所定の波長領域内にあるレーザー光線(2)を用いて、前記加工品(W)を通り抜けることにより、少なくとも1つの位置で前記加工品(W)の構造化されるべき表面(O)と前記対象物表面(3)との境界領域(G)中にエネルギーが導入され、これにより、当該位置で、前記対象物材料が、前記構造化されるべき表面(O)に堆積する方法において、パルス繰り返し数が10kHzを上回るパルスレーザー光線(L)が用いられ、前記レーザー光線(L)は、焦点が前記対象物表面上または下に位置するように合焦され、前記レーザー光線は合焦時には、2000W/mm2を上回る電力密度を有することを特徴とする方法。
- 前記加工品(W)は、ガラスからなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記対象物材料は金属であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 前記対象物材料は鋼鉄であることを特徴とする請求項3記載の方法。
- 前記構造体(M)は、前記加工品(W)にマークを付けるよう形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記レーザー光線(L)の焦点(F)は、構造化像(B)により予め与えられる構造化軌道に沿って、70mm/秒を上回る送り速度、特に好ましくは100mm/秒を上回る送り速度で移動させられることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 対象物材料の粒子が、少なくとも1箇所で、少なくとも約15μm、好ましくは少なくとも約30μmの深さで、構造化されるべき表面中に入り込むように、構造化が行われることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 構造化されるべき表面中の構造化時の温度が加工品材料の融点未満であるように、前記レーザー光線が制御されることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 合焦時のレーザー光線の電力密度は、約3kW/mm2を上回り、好ましくは約10kW/mm2を上回り、特に好ましくは約100kW/mm2を上回ることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 焦点の直径は、60μm未満、好ましくは40μm未満であることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- パルス繰り返し数は、20kHzを上回ることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- レーザーパルスのパルス幅は、100ns未満、好ましくは20ns未満であることを特徴とする請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- レーザーパルスのピーク電力は、10kWを上回る、好ましくは25kWを上回ることを特徴とする請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 所定の波長領域で透明な加工品(W)の表面(O)中に構造体(M)を組み込む装置(1)であって、
− 前記加工品(W)の前記構造化されるべき表面(O)と接触させるための、対象物材料を含有する対象物表面(3)と、
− 波長が前記所定の波長領域内にあるレーザー光線(L)を発生させるためのレーザー光線発生装置(4)であって、前記レーザー光線(L)を用いて、前記対象物表面(3)と接触する前記加工品(W)を通り抜けて、少なくとも1つの位置で、前記加工品(W)の構造化されるべき表面(O)と前記対象物表面(3)との境界領域(G)中にエネルギーが導入されることができ、これにより、当該位置で、前記対象物材料が、前記構造化されるべき表面(O)に堆積するように形成され配されているレーザー光線発生装置(4)と、
を有する装置(1)において、
前記レーザー光線発生装置(4)は、パルス繰り返し数が10kHzを上回るパルスレーザー光線(L)を発生させるように形成され、合焦装置(11)と、前記レーザー光線(L)を構造化プロセス時に前記対象物表面(3)上またはかろうじて下に位置するように合焦させる制御装置(10)とを有し、ここで、前記レーザー光線は合焦時には、2000W/mm2を上回る電力密度を有することを特徴とする装置。 - 前記レーザー光線発生装置(4)は、構造化像(B)により予め与えられる構造化軌道に沿ってレーザー焦点(F)を移動させるために、光線ガイド装置(12)を有することを特徴とする請求項14記載の装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007018402.8 | 2007-04-17 | ||
DE102007018402A DE102007018402A1 (de) | 2007-04-17 | 2007-04-17 | Verfahren zum Einbringen einer Struktur in eine Oberfläche eines transparenten Werkstücks |
PCT/EP2008/002840 WO2008125273A1 (de) | 2007-04-17 | 2008-04-10 | Verfahren zum einbringen einer struktur in eine oberfläche eines transparenten werkstücks |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2010524692A true JP2010524692A (ja) | 2010-07-22 |
JP2010524692A5 JP2010524692A5 (ja) | 2013-01-24 |
JP5465170B2 JP5465170B2 (ja) | 2014-04-09 |
Family
ID=39535712
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010503386A Active JP5465170B2 (ja) | 2007-04-17 | 2008-04-10 | 透明な加工品の表面に構造体を組み込む方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8399798B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2144728B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5465170B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101678502B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102007018402A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2008125273A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014080822A1 (ja) | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-30 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | レーザ加工装置及びレーザ加工方法 |
CN103917378A (zh) * | 2011-11-17 | 2014-07-09 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 激光标记的聚合物工件 |
KR20190020655A (ko) * | 2016-05-20 | 2019-03-04 | 에스피아이 레이저스 유케이 리미티드 | 물품에 원하는 색상을 갖는 마크를 생성하는 방법 |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007018402A1 (de) * | 2007-04-17 | 2008-10-23 | Panasonic Electric Works Europe Ag | Verfahren zum Einbringen einer Struktur in eine Oberfläche eines transparenten Werkstücks |
DE102007028042B3 (de) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-08-07 | Universität Zu Lübeck | Verfahren zur Laserbearbeitung transparenter Materialien |
DE102008058535A1 (de) | 2008-11-21 | 2010-05-27 | Tesa Se | Verfahren zur Materialbearbeitung mit energiereicher Strahlung |
JP6046329B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-08 | 2016-12-14 | 早川ゴム株式会社 | レーザー光を用いた接合方法 |
EP2563600B2 (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2018-07-25 | Becton Dickinson France | Method for marking a transparent container |
ES2723791T3 (es) * | 2011-09-23 | 2019-09-02 | Boegli Gravures Sa | Método y dispositivo para producir una superficie estructurada sobre un rodillo de estampación de acero |
CN103253197B (zh) * | 2012-10-08 | 2016-08-31 | 上海博迩森汽车配件有限公司 | 后视镜镜片加工方法 |
DE102012219249A1 (de) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-02-13 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Laserpersonalisierung von Sicherheitselementen |
EP3047932B1 (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2018-12-26 | Agie Charmilles New Technologies SA | Method of laser ablation for engraving of a surface with patch optimization, with corresponding software and machine tool |
CA2931245C (en) | 2015-05-26 | 2023-07-25 | National Research Council Of Canada | Metallic surface with karstified relief, forming same, and high surface area metallic electrochemical interface |
GB201603991D0 (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-04-20 | Univ Dundee | Processing method and apparatus |
DE102016203363A1 (de) | 2016-03-02 | 2017-09-07 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum stoffschlüssigen Verbinden eines Aluminiumgussbauteils mit einem Fügepartner und Bauteil |
CN105710538A (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所 | 玻璃晶圆激光标识的制作方法 |
DE102016122113A1 (de) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-17 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Vorrichtung zur Identifikation von Gegenständen und Lebewesen in Wasser sowie Verfahren zu Herstellung und Anwendung der Vorrichtung und deren Verwendung |
CN106335289A (zh) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-01-18 | 深圳英诺激光科技有限公司 | 一种在透明材料上进行白色或彩色打标的设备及方法 |
WO2018216108A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-11-29 | 堺ディスプレイプロダクト株式会社 | 素子基板の製造方法およびレーザクリーニング装置 |
WO2018233842A1 (en) | 2017-06-23 | 2018-12-27 | Hp Indigo B.V. | METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR MOVING MATERIAL WITH A PULSED LASER BEAM |
CN111230320B (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2022-05-17 | 深圳泰德激光技术股份有限公司 | 一种阳极氧化铝表面的激光打标方法 |
WO2022180775A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-01 | 国立大学法人名古屋工業大学 | レーザ加工装置、厚さ検出方法および厚さ検出装置 |
CN114083156A (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-02-25 | 杭州银湖激光科技有限公司 | 一种透明材料的激光加工方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004250786A (ja) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-09-09 | Iwakura Yosetsu Kogyosho:Kk | レーザによるカラーマーキング方法 |
JP2004351746A (ja) * | 2003-05-29 | 2004-12-16 | Central Glass Co Ltd | レーザ走査によるガラスの描画方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI103396B1 (fi) * | 1994-03-24 | 1999-06-30 | Laserplus Oy | Menetelmä ja laite merkkausten tekemiseksi lasipintaan |
JP3616679B2 (ja) | 1995-09-07 | 2005-02-02 | カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 | 端部閉塞パイプおよび熱交換器用ヘッダー |
DE19517625A1 (de) * | 1995-05-13 | 1996-11-14 | Budenheim Rud A Oetker Chemie | Verfahren zum musterförmigen Bedrucken fester Substratoberflächen |
US5761111A (en) | 1996-03-15 | 1998-06-02 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Method and apparatus providing 2-D/3-D optical information storage and retrieval in transparent materials |
DE19637255C1 (de) * | 1996-09-13 | 1997-12-11 | Jenoptik Jena Gmbh | Verfahren zum indirekten Beschriften von transparenten Materialien |
EP0861155B1 (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 2000-10-18 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method of producing a patterned surfacial marking on a transparent body |
EP0850779B1 (en) | 1996-12-27 | 2001-05-02 | Omron Corporation | Method of marking an object with a laser beam |
US6281471B1 (en) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-08-28 | Gsi Lumonics, Inc. | Energy-efficient, laser-based method and system for processing target material |
US6929886B2 (en) | 2001-01-02 | 2005-08-16 | U-C-Laser Ltd. | Method and apparatus for the manufacturing of reticles |
CN1759014A (zh) * | 2003-03-13 | 2006-04-12 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 标记方法和有标记的物体 |
CN1603888A (zh) | 2004-11-05 | 2005-04-06 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | 飞秒激光相干技术传输周期微结构的方法 |
DE102006042280A1 (de) | 2005-09-08 | 2007-06-06 | IMRA America, Inc., Ann Arbor | Bearbeitung von transparentem Material mit einem Ultrakurzpuls-Laser |
DE102006029941A1 (de) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-03 | Calyxo Gmbh | Verfahren zum indirekten Beschriften transparenter Materialien |
DE102007018402A1 (de) * | 2007-04-17 | 2008-10-23 | Panasonic Electric Works Europe Ag | Verfahren zum Einbringen einer Struktur in eine Oberfläche eines transparenten Werkstücks |
-
2007
- 2007-04-17 DE DE102007018402A patent/DE102007018402A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-04-10 EP EP08735149.0A patent/EP2144728B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-04-10 WO PCT/EP2008/002840 patent/WO2008125273A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-04-10 JP JP2010503386A patent/JP5465170B2/ja active Active
- 2008-04-10 US US12/596,521 patent/US8399798B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-04-10 CN CN2008800171775A patent/CN101678502B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004250786A (ja) * | 2003-01-28 | 2004-09-09 | Iwakura Yosetsu Kogyosho:Kk | レーザによるカラーマーキング方法 |
JP2004351746A (ja) * | 2003-05-29 | 2004-12-16 | Central Glass Co Ltd | レーザ走査によるガラスの描画方法 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103917378A (zh) * | 2011-11-17 | 2014-07-09 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 激光标记的聚合物工件 |
WO2014080822A1 (ja) | 2012-11-20 | 2014-05-30 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | レーザ加工装置及びレーザ加工方法 |
KR20190020655A (ko) * | 2016-05-20 | 2019-03-04 | 에스피아이 레이저스 유케이 리미티드 | 물품에 원하는 색상을 갖는 마크를 생성하는 방법 |
JP2019521855A (ja) * | 2016-05-20 | 2019-08-08 | エスピーアイ レーザーズ ユーケー リミテッド | 物品に所望の色のマークを形成する方法 |
JP7048513B2 (ja) | 2016-05-20 | 2022-04-05 | トルンプ レーザー ユーケー リミティド | 物品に所望の色のマークを形成する方法 |
KR102390305B1 (ko) * | 2016-05-20 | 2022-04-22 | 트럼프 레이저 유케이 리미티드 | 물품에 원하는 색상을 갖는 마크를 생성하는 방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5465170B2 (ja) | 2014-04-09 |
CN101678502B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
US20100108651A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
EP2144728B1 (de) | 2017-01-04 |
EP2144728A1 (de) | 2010-01-20 |
DE102007018402A1 (de) | 2008-10-23 |
WO2008125273A1 (de) | 2008-10-23 |
US8399798B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
CN101678502A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5465170B2 (ja) | 透明な加工品の表面に構造体を組み込む方法 | |
CN102015195B (zh) | 以高斯脉冲做激光钻孔的方法与设备 | |
CN107755904B (zh) | 借助激光从平坦基板中切割轮廓的设备及方法 | |
JP2010524692A5 (ja) | ||
US20140147694A1 (en) | Method for Laser Marking a Metal Surface with a Desired Colour | |
WO2014080157A1 (en) | Method for laser marking a metal surface with a desired colour | |
EP1896217B1 (en) | Method of manufacturing metrological phase scale without substantial removal of material | |
JP6038889B2 (ja) | レーザベースのマーキングの方法及び装置 | |
JP2003245784A (ja) | レーザ加工方法、レーザ加工装置及び立体構造体 | |
CN116157864A (zh) | 陶瓷材料上的数据记录 | |
Knappe | Applications of picosecond lasers and pulse-bursts in precision manufacturing | |
JP2005047290A (ja) | レーザ加工装置 | |
WO2000032349A1 (en) | Material processing applications of lasers using optical breakdown | |
JP2007229778A (ja) | マーキング方法及び装置 | |
Zheng et al. | Polarisation-independence of femtosecond laser machining of fused silica | |
Gadag | Studying the mechanism of micromachining by short pulsed laser | |
KR102509189B1 (ko) | 기판을 구조화하는 방법, 상기 기판을 구조화하기 위한 기판 및 장치를 포함하는 조립체 및 그러한 구조를 가진 기판 | |
JP2003010991A (ja) | レーザ加工方法 | |
CN115430916B (zh) | 一种基于匹配层的激光制备微纳结构的方法及*** | |
Jundt et al. | Microscopic material interactions by laser engraving | |
Ch et al. | High-Quality Surface Micromachining on Polymer Using Visible-LIBWE. | |
JP2002178171A (ja) | レーザ加工方法および光学素子 | |
Lee et al. | An experimental method for laser micro-machining of spherical and elliptical 3-D objects | |
Shihoyama et al. | Micromachining with ultrafast lasers | |
Yadav et al. | Laser Beam Micromachining and Fabrication |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100714 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20110105 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20120904 |
|
A524 | Written submission of copy of amendment under article 19 pct |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A524 Effective date: 20121129 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130507 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20140107 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20140121 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 Ref document number: 5465170 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
S531 | Written request for registration of change of domicile |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531 |
|
R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |