JP2009510333A - 内燃機関の排ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物成分の還元方法と装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物成分の還元方法と装置 Download PDFInfo
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012619 stoichiometric conversion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009283 thermal hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/18—Ammonia
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
- F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/08—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1622—Catalyst reducing agent absorption capacity or consumption amount
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Abstract
Description
還元触媒の温度の測定、および
還元触媒の温度の算定。
この温度は通常の測定プローブで測定できる。還元触媒の温度は、様々なデータを用いて算出できる。この関連では、特に還元触媒の温度の算出にあたって次の情報のうち少なくとも1つを考慮するのが好ましい。
還元触媒の上流側で測定した温度、
還元触媒の下流側で測定した温度、
内燃機関の最新の動作データ、
過去における内燃機関の動作データ、
粒子分離器の再生挙動、および
粒子分離器の負荷状態。
還元剤前駆体の添加および少なくとも部分的な還元剤への変換、
還元剤の添加、
還元剤前駆体の生成および少なくとも部分的な還元剤への変換、および
還元剤の生成。
Claims (14)
- 還元剤を少なくとも非連続的に供給される還元触媒(6)での選択的触媒還元によって内燃機関(1)の排ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物成分の還元をする方法において、供給すべき還元剤の量(14、15、16)を判定するときに還元剤に対する還元触媒(6)の蓄積能力(12、13)を考慮すると共に、還元触媒(6)の温度に対する前記蓄積能力(12、13)の依存性を考慮することを特徴とする方法。
- 還元触媒(6)の温度の将来的な推移を算出する請求項1記載の方法。
- 還元触媒(6)の温度の上昇が予想されるとき、その結果として発生し、還元触媒(6)から遊離する還元剤の量を算出し、還元剤の供給にあたって当該発生量を考慮する請求項2記載の方法。
- 還元剤の遊離の時間的推移を算出する請求項3記載の方法。
- 供給するべき還元剤の量を決定するにあたり、遊離の時間的推移を考慮する請求項4記載の方法。
- 還元触媒(6)の温度の低下が予想されるとき、還元触媒(6)に沈積する還元剤の量を算出し、還元剤の供給にあたって考慮する請求項2から5の1つに記載の方法。
- 還元剤の沈積の時間的推移を算出する請求項6記載の方法。
- 供給すべき還元剤の量の決定にあたって沈積の時間的推移を考慮する請求項7記載の方法。
- 還元触媒(6)の温度を次の方法のうち少なくとも1つにより判定する請求項1から8の1つに記載の方法、
還元触媒(6)の温度の測定、および
還元触媒(6)の温度の算定。 - 還元触媒(6)の温度の算出にあたり、次の情報のうち少なくとも1つを考慮する請求項9記載の方法、
還元触媒(6)の上流側で測定した温度、
還元触媒(6)の下流側で測定した温度、
内燃機関(1)の最新の動作データ、
過去における内燃機関(1)の動作データ、
粒子分離器(4)の再生挙動、および
粒子分離器(4)の負荷状態。 - 還元触媒(6)に蓄積されている還元剤の量が、再生によって生成される還元触媒(6)の最高温度のときの蓄積能力(12、13)よりも少ないか、又はこれと等しくなったときに粒子分離器(4)の再生を行う請求項10記載の方法。
- 還元剤を次の方法の1つによって供給する請求項1から11の1つに記載の方法。
還元剤前駆体の添加および少なくとも部分的な還元剤への変換、
還元剤の添加、
還元剤前駆体の生成および少なくとも部分的な還元剤への変換、および
還元剤の生成。 - 内燃機関(1)の排ガスに含まれる窒素酸化物成分の還元をする装置において、還元触媒(6)と制御装置(10)とを少なくとも含み、前記制御装置(10)は請求項1から12の1つに記載の方法を実施するのに適し、かつ該方法に適用される装置。
- 粒子分離器(4)を更に含む請求項13記載の装置。
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DE102005048117.5 | 2005-10-06 | ||
PCT/EP2006/009467 WO2007039240A1 (de) | 2005-10-06 | 2006-09-29 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur reduktion des stickoxidanteils im abgas einer verbrennungskraftmaschine |
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ES2330573T3 (es) | 2009-12-11 |
EP1931864B1 (de) | 2009-08-12 |
WO2007039240A1 (de) | 2007-04-12 |
EP1931864A1 (de) | 2008-06-18 |
DE502006004535D1 (de) | 2009-09-24 |
JP4971337B2 (ja) | 2012-07-11 |
US7765798B2 (en) | 2010-08-03 |
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