JP2005224114A - Method for seeding and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Method for seeding and apparatus therefor Download PDF

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JP2005224114A
JP2005224114A JP2004033421A JP2004033421A JP2005224114A JP 2005224114 A JP2005224114 A JP 2005224114A JP 2004033421 A JP2004033421 A JP 2004033421A JP 2004033421 A JP2004033421 A JP 2004033421A JP 2005224114 A JP2005224114 A JP 2005224114A
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soil
row
seed
fertilizer
sowing
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JP4576600B2 (en
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Yasuo Oshita
泰生 大下
Jiro Watanabe
治郎 渡辺
Hiroyuki Tsuji
博之 辻
Takahiro Hamazaki
孝弘 濱嵜
Tatsuro Inomata
龍郎 猪股
Toshihiko Takemoto
敏彦 竹本
Satoyuki Yugawa
智行 湯川
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Nat Agric & Bio Oriented Res
National Agriculture and Bio Oriented Research Organization NARO
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National Agriculture and Bio Oriented Research Organization NARO
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To strongly compact the soil layer below seeds and loosen the surface layer above the seeds in order to improve the emergence ratio in seeding operation. <P>SOLUTION: A seeding apparatus is equipped with a rotary seeder 1 for soybeans. Furthermore, the rotary seeder is provided with a rotary tillage/grading part 2 forming a sowing bed, a seeding part 3 for discharging the seeds in the form of a row on the surface of the sowing bed with each seed conduit 3c, a chemical application part 4 for applying a chemical with a chemical conduit 4c in nearly the same row of the seed row sowed in the sowing bed and a fertilizing part 5 for forming a fertilizing furrow in the lateral side of the seed row sowed in the sowing bed and a chemical row in which the chemical is applied and further fertilizing the fertilizing furrow in the form of a row with a fertilizer conduit 5c, a compacting part 6 equipped with each compacting wheel 6a compacting the seed row sowed in the sowing bed, the chemical row in which the chemical is applied and the fertilizer row fertilized in the fertilizing furrow at about 5-10 cm width and abut 2-3 cm depth and forming the compacted furrow and a soil covering part 7 for raking up the surface soil near the compacted furrow formed with the compacting part 6, covering the compacted furrow with the loose soil and carrying out soil covering. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、大豆、小豆、トウモロコシなどの播種作業において、出芽率（播いた種子数に対して発芽して地上部に芽が出て発育した個体の割合）を向上させるために、種子より下の土層を強く鎮圧して下層からの毛管水の供給を高め、種子より上の表層を膨軟にして種子が出芽して地上に出るときの抵抗を少なくするとともに、降雨後に表層の土が硬化することを抑制することを目的とした、覆土前鎮圧播種機能を備えた播種方法、及びこの播種方法を精度良く行うための播種装置に関する。   In the sowing work of soybeans, red beans, corn, and the like, the present invention reduces the germination rate (the proportion of individuals that germinate relative to the number of seeds sowed and sprout on the ground to develop). The soil layer is strongly suppressed to increase the supply of capillary water from the lower layer, and the surface layer above the seeds is softened to reduce the resistance when the seeds emerge and emerge on the ground. The present invention relates to a sowing method having a pre-covering pressure sowing function for the purpose of suppressing hardening, and a sowing apparatus for accurately performing this sowing method.

従来、大豆、小豆、トウモロコシなどの播種作業では、播種溝を形成し、この播種溝に２〜３ｃｍ程度の深さに種子を播き、覆土して表層から種子の近傍までを鎮圧していた。これにより土中の水分が毛細管現象で種子に供給され、発芽が促進されている。（例えば、特許文献１及び特許文献２参照）。   Conventionally, in sowing work of soybeans, red beans, corn, and the like, a sowing groove was formed, seeds were sowed to a depth of about 2 to 3 cm in the sowing groove, and soil was covered to suppress pressure from the surface layer to the vicinity of the seeds. As a result, moisture in the soil is supplied to the seed by capillary action, and germination is promoted. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

特開平 ９−１２１６１３号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-121613 特開平１１−３１３５０２号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-313502

しかしながら、上記従来の播種手段における作業では、降雨があると硬く締め固められた表層の土が吸水し、降雨後にクラスト（土壌表面の皮膜）が形成され、乾燥すると硬化する。発芽した種子は、このクラストが障害となって地表面に出芽できず、特に、粘質の土壌では出芽不良が顕著であった。
そこで本発明は、火山性土や砂質土壌など比較的軽く乾燥しやすい土壌や、客土された泥炭土や灰色低地土など湿性で粘性の高い土壌など、多様な土壌に適応でき、降雨が少なく乾燥した条件では毛管水の供給能力が高く、降雨の多い条件ではクラストが形成されにくい、覆土前鎮圧播種機能を備えた播種方法及び装置を提供することを目的とする。 However, in the work in the conventional seeding means, when the rain occurs, the hard ground soil absorbs water, and after the rain, a crust (film on the soil surface) is formed and hardens when dried. The germinated seeds could not germinate on the ground surface due to this crust, and in particular, poor germination was remarkable in sticky soil.
Therefore, the present invention can be applied to various soils such as soil that is relatively light and easy to dry such as volcanic soil and sandy soil, and wet and viscous soil such as peat soil and gray lowland soil that has been soiled by customers. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sowing method and apparatus having a pre-soil pressure sowing function, in which the ability to supply capillary water is high under low dry conditions, and crusts are difficult to form under heavy rain conditions.

上記の目的を達成するために、本発明は、種子より下の土層を強く鎮圧して下層からの毛管水の供給能力を高める。また、種子より上には圧密しない軟らかい土を覆うことにより、発芽した種子が地表面に出芽するときの抵抗を小さくし、クラストが形成されないようにする。そのために、以下の手段，構成を有することを特徴としている。
Ａ．耕耘整地された播種床に、種子導管により土壌表面に排出された種子列を、幅５〜１０ｃｍ程度の車輪幅を有する鎮圧輪により鎮圧して深さ２〜３ｃｍ程度の鎮圧溝を形成し、この鎮圧溝に対し、該鎮圧溝近傍の表土をかき寄せて膨軟な土を被せて覆土する播種方法。
Ｂ．耕耘・整地して播種床を形成するロータリ耕耘・整地部と、種子導管により播種床表面に種子を列状に排出する播種部と、該播種床に播種された種子列を幅５〜１０ｃｍ程度、深さ２〜３ｃｍ程度に鎮圧して鎮圧溝を形成する鎮圧輪を備えた鎮圧部と、該鎮圧部により形成された鎮圧溝に対し、該鎮圧溝近傍の表土をかき寄せて膨軟な土を被せて覆土する覆土部と、を設け、覆土前鎮圧播種機能を備えた播種装置。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention strongly suppresses the soil layer below the seeds and enhances the ability to supply capillary water from the lower layer. In addition, by covering soft soil that is not compacted above the seeds, resistance when the germinated seeds germinate on the ground surface is reduced, and crusts are not formed. Therefore, it has the following means and configuration.
A. A seed row discharged to the soil surface by a seed conduit is crushed on a sowing bed that has been cultivated and cultivated to form a squeezing groove having a depth of about 2 to 3 cm by squeezing with a squeezing wheel having a wheel width of about 5 to 10 cm in width. A seeding method in which the top soil in the vicinity of the crushing groove is scraped against the crushing groove and covered with soft soil.
B. Rotary plowing and leveling part that forms a sowing bed by plowing and leveling, a sowing part that discharges seeds in a row on the surface of the sowing bed by a seed conduit, and a seed row sowed on the sowing bed is about 5 to 10 cm in width A pressure-resisting portion having a pressure-reducing wheel that is repressed to a depth of about 2 to 3 cm and a pressure-reducing groove formed by the pressure-reducing portion; A seeding device provided with a soil covering part for covering with soil and having a pre-soil pressure sowing function.

Ｃ．耕耘・整地して播種床を形成するロータリ耕耘・整地部と、種子導管により播種床表面に種子を列状に排出する播種部と、該播種床に播種された種子列とほぼ同列に薬剤導管により施薬する施薬部と、該播種床に播種された種子列及び施薬された薬剤列の側方に施肥溝を形成し、該施肥溝に肥料導管により列状に施肥する施肥部と、該播種床に播種された種子列、施薬された薬剤列、及び施肥溝に施肥された肥料列を、幅５〜１０ｃｍ程度、深さ２〜３ｃｍ程度に鎮圧して鎮圧溝を形成する鎮圧輪を備えた鎮圧部と、該鎮圧部により形成された鎮圧溝に対し、該鎮圧溝近傍の表土をかき寄せて膨軟な土を被せて覆土する覆土部と、を設け、施肥、施薬、播種、鎮圧、覆土作業を１工程で行う播種装置。 C. Rotary tilling and leveling part that forms a sowing bed by plowing and leveling, a seeding part that discharges seeds in a row on the surface of the sowing bed by a seed conduit, and a drug conduit that is almost in line with the seed row sowed on the sowing bed A fertilizer part to be applied by, a fertilizer part which is fertilized in a row by a fertilizer conduit in the fertilizer groove, and a fertilizer part which is fertilized in a row by a fertilizer conduit in the side of the seed line seeded on the sowing bed It is equipped with a pressure-reducing wheel that forms a pressure-reduction groove by repressing the seed row sowed on the floor, the applied drug row, and the fertilizer row applied to the fertilizer groove to a width of about 5 to 10 cm and a depth of about 2 to 3 cm. And a cover soil part that covers the soft soil by scraping the top soil in the vicinity of the pressure suppression groove, and applying fertilization, medicine, seeding, pressure suppression, A seeding device that performs soil covering work in one process.

本発明は、上記Ａ．（請求項１）の手段、及びＢ．（請求項２）、Ｃ．（請求項３）の構成を有することにより、以下の効果を奏することができる。
イ．上記Ａ．の手段により、種子より下の土層を強く鎮圧して下層からの毛管水の供給を高め、種子より上の表層を膨軟にして種子が出芽して地上に出るときの抵抗を少なくすると共に、降雨後に表層の土が硬化することを抑制することができ、出芽率を向上させることができる。
ロ．上記Ｂ．の構成により、火山性土や砂質土壌など比較的軽く乾燥しやすい土壌や、客土された泥炭土や灰色低地土など湿性で粘性の高い土壌など、多様な土壌に適応でき、降雨が少なく乾燥した条件では毛管水の供給能力を高くし、降雨の多い条件ではクラストを形成しにくくすることができる。 The present invention provides the above-described A. Means of claim 1 and B.I. (Claim 2), C.I. By having the structure of (Claim 3), there can exist the following effects.
A. A. above. In this way, the soil layer below the seed is strongly crushed to increase the supply of capillary water from the lower layer, and the surface layer above the seed is loosened to reduce the resistance when the seed emerges and comes to the ground. The soil on the surface layer can be prevented from hardening after rainfall, and the emergence rate can be improved.
B. B. above. It can adapt to various soils such as volcanic soil and sandy soil, which is relatively light and easy to dry, and wet and viscous soil such as peat soil and gray lowland soil that has been soiled by customers. Capillary water supply capacity can be increased under dry conditions, and crust formation can be made difficult under heavy rainfall conditions.

ハ．上記Ｃ．の構成により、肥料、種子、薬剤より下の土層を強く鎮圧して下層からの毛管水の供給を高め、肥料、種子、薬剤より上の表層を膨軟にして種子が出芽して地上に出るときの抵抗を少なくするとともに、肥料、薬剤の効果を高め、降雨後に表層の土が硬化することを抑制することができ、出芽率を向上させ、作物の生育を促進させることができる。 C. C. above. With this structure, the soil layer below the fertilizer, seed, and drug is strongly crushed to increase the supply of capillary water from the lower layer, and the surface layer above the fertilizer, seed, and drug is loosened and the seeds bud and emerge on the ground. While reducing the resistance when coming out, the effects of fertilizers and chemicals can be enhanced, and the soil of the surface layer can be prevented from hardening after rainfall, the emergence rate can be improved, and the growth of crops can be promoted.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について、添付の図面を参照しながら具体的に説明する。
図１は、本発明による覆土前鎮圧播種機能を組み込んだ大豆用ロータリシーダの側方から見た斜視図、図２は、同要部の側面図、図３は、同要部による作業状態を説明する側面図、図４は、同要部による作業工程を説明する縦断面図であり、（ａ）は播種床に施肥・施薬・播種を行った状態、（ｂ）は施肥・施薬・播種を行った跡を鎮圧輪により鎮圧して鎮圧溝を形成する状態、（ｃ）は（ｂ）により形成された鎮圧溝に対し培土器により膨軟な土を覆土している状態、（ｄ）は（ｃ）により鎮圧溝に膨軟な土を覆土した状態、図５は、図４（ｄ）における作業寸法を示す説明図、図６は、本発明（ａ）と従来（ｂ）の播種法における土壌密度、及び土壌水分を示す説明図、図７は、本発明と従来の播種法における大豆の出芽速度の関係を示すグラフである。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view seen from the side of a rotary seeder for soybean incorporating a pre-sedging sown seeding function according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side view of the main part, and FIG. 3 is a working state of the main part. FIG. 4 is a side view for explaining the working process of the main part, (a) is a state in which fertilization / medication / seeding is performed on the seeding floor, and (b) is a fertilization / medication / seeding. A state in which a crushing groove is formed by crushing the trace made by crushing wheel, (c) is a state in which soft soil is covered with a cultivator with respect to the crushing groove formed in (b), (d) (C) is a state where soft soil is covered in the crushing groove, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the working dimensions in FIG. 4 (d), and FIG. 6 is the seeding of the present invention (a) and the conventional (b) FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the present invention and the germination rate of soybean in the conventional sowing method. It is a graph.

図１及び図２において、符号１は本発明に係る覆土前鎮圧播種機能を備えた大豆用ロータリシーダで、このロータリシーダ１は、耕耘・整地して後述する播種床を形成するロータリ耕耘・整地部２と、種子導管３ｃ，種子排出口３ｄを介して播種床表面に種子を列状に排出する播種部３と、播種床に播種された種子列とほぼ同列に薬剤導管４ｃ，薬剤排出口４ｄを介して施薬する施薬部４と、播種床に播種された種子列及び施薬された薬剤列の側方に、施肥用作溝器５ｅにより形成された施肥溝に対して肥料導管５ｃ，肥料排出口５ｄを介して列状に施肥する施肥部５と、播種床に播種された種子列、施薬された薬剤列、及び施肥溝に施肥された肥料列を、幅５〜１０ｃｍ程度、深さ２〜３ｃｍ程度に鎮圧して後述する鎮圧溝を形成する鎮圧輪６ａ、及び鎮圧輪６ａに付着する土を掻き落とすスクレーパ６ｂを備えた鎮圧部６と、該鎮圧部６により形成された鎮圧溝に対し、該鎮圧溝近傍の表土をかき寄せて膨軟な土を被せて覆土する覆土部７と、を設け、覆土前鎮圧播種機能、また、施肥、施薬、播種、鎮圧、覆土作業を１工程で行う機能を備えている。なお、ロータリシーダ１は、施薬部４と施肥部５の両方、あるいは、施薬部４か施肥部５のいずれか一方を省略しても成り立つものである。   1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a rotary seeder for soybeans having a pre-covering pressure sowing function according to the present invention. This rotary seeder 1 is a rotary tiller / land cultivator that is cultivated and leveled to form a sowing bed to be described later. Part 2, seed conduit 3 c, seed discharge port 3 d, seeding unit 3 that discharges seeds in a row on the surface of the seeding bed, and drug conduit 4 c and drug discharge port almost in the same row as the seed row sown on the seeding bed The fertilizer conduit 5c and fertilizer are applied to the fertilizer groove formed by the fertilizer grooving device 5e on the side of the seed line sowed on the sowing bed and the drug row that has been applied on the side of the seed line and the drug line to be applied through 4d. The fertilizer section 5 fertilized in a row through the discharge port 5d, the seed row seeded on the sowing floor, the medicinal agent row, and the fertilizer row fertilized in the fertilizer groove, about 5 to 10 cm in width and depth Crushing to form a crushing groove to be described later by crushing to about 2-3 cm 6a and a pressure-reducing portion 6 provided with a scraper 6b that scrapes off the soil adhering to the pressure-reducing wheel 6a, and a pressure-removing groove formed by the pressure-reducing portion 6, the top soil in the vicinity of the pressure-reducing groove is scraped and soft soil is removed. And a covering portion 7 that covers and covers the soil, and has a function of performing pre-covering pressure sowing and a function of performing fertilization, medicine, sowing, pressure reduction, and soil covering work in one step. In addition, the rotary seeder 1 can be realized even if both of the drug application unit 4 and the fertilizer unit 5 or any one of the drug application unit 4 and the fertilizer unit 5 is omitted.

前記ロータリ耕耘・整地部２の前部には、トップマスト８と、左右一対のロアリンク連結アーム９と、ロータリ耕耘・整地部２の作業深さ（耕深）を調節する左右一対のゲージホィール１０と、トラクタ１２から動力を受ける入力部１１と、が設けられている。そして、前記トップマスト８及びロアリンク連結アーム９に、トラクタ１２の後部に設けたトップリンク１３及びロアリンク１４を連結して、大豆用ロータリシーダ１を昇降自在に支持するようにしている。また、トラクタ１２のＰＴＯ軸に連結されたＰＴＯ伝動シャフト１５を介して、前記入力部１１に回転動力が伝達される。   A front mast 8, a pair of left and right lower link connecting arms 9, and a pair of left and right gauge wheels for adjusting the working depth (plowing depth) of the rotary plowing and leveling unit 2 are disposed in front of the rotary plowing and leveling unit 2. 10 and an input unit 11 that receives power from the tractor 12 are provided. And the top link 13 and the lower link 14 provided in the rear part of the tractor 12 are connected to the top mast 8 and the lower link connecting arm 9 so as to support the soybean rotary seeder 1 so as to be movable up and down. Further, the rotational power is transmitted to the input unit 11 through a PTO transmission shaft 15 connected to the PTO shaft of the tractor 12.

前記ロータリ耕耘・整地部２は、入力部１１から動力が伝達され、上下の長さが長く、チェン伝動系を内装した伝動ケース２ａの下端部と該伝動ケース２ａに対向して機体の他側に設けられた図示しない支持フレームの下端部との間に軸架されたアップカット形式の耕耘ロータ２ｂと、この耕耘ロータ２ｂの後方に上端部が前後揺動可能に支持され、前記伝動ケース２ａからクランク揺動機構２ｄを介して動力を受ける櫛歯状の砕土レーキ２ｃと、該砕土レーキ２ｃの後方に上端部が回動自在に軸支され、上下に揺動しながら耕耘ロータ２ｂにより耕耘され、砕土レーキ２ｃにより大きな土塊は下層に沈め、細かい土壌は表層に集積するように篩い分けられた土壌を均平・整地する整地板２ｅと、耕耘ロータ２ｂの上方を覆うシールドカバー２ｆと、耕耘ロータ２ｂの左右両側に立設された側板２ｇと、を設けている。そして、耕耘ロータ２ｂにより耕耘された土壌をレーキ２ｃにより大きな土塊と細かい土壌を篩い分け、整地板２ｅにより均平・整地して左右の側板２ｇ、２ｇの幅で播種床１７を形成するようにしている（図３〜図５参照）。なお、上記砕土レーキ２ｃは省略してもよい。   The rotary tilling / leveling unit 2 is transmitted with power from the input unit 11 and has a long vertical length, the lower end of the transmission case 2a having a chain transmission system and the other side of the machine body facing the transmission case 2a. An upcut type tilling rotor 2b pivoted between a lower end portion of a support frame (not shown) provided on the rear end, and an upper end portion of the tilling rotor 2b is supported so as to be swingable back and forth, and the transmission case 2a. Comb-shaped crushed soil rake 2c that receives power via a crank swing mechanism 2d, and an upper end portion is pivotally supported at the rear of the crushed soil rake 2c, and is cultivated by a cultivating rotor 2b while swinging up and down. A ground cover 2e for leveling and leveling the soil that has been screened so that large clumps are submerged by the crushed rake 2c and fine soil is accumulated on the surface layer, and a shield cover that covers the top of the tilling rotor 2b And f, are provided, and side plates 2g erected on left and right sides of the tilling rotor 2b. Then, the soil cultivated by the tilling rotor 2b is screened by a rake 2c, and a large soil mass and fine soil are screened and leveled and leveled by the leveling plate 2e to form the seeding floor 17 with the width of the left and right side plates 2g and 2g. (See FIGS. 3 to 5). The crushed soil rake 2c may be omitted.

前記播種部３、施薬部４、及び施肥部５は、それぞれの前部がロータリ耕耘・整地部２の上方に被さるようにして配設されている。これら播種部３、施薬部４、施肥部５は、それぞれの最上部に、種子を収容する種子ホッパ３ａ、薬剤を収容する薬剤ホッパ４ａ、肥料を収容する肥料ホッパ５ａを設け、各ホッパ３ａ、４ａ、５ａの底部に前記入力部１１から動力を受けて前後方向に回転し、種子を下方に繰り出す種子繰り出し機構３ｂ、薬剤を下方に繰り出す薬剤繰り出し機構４ｂ、肥料を下方に繰り出す肥料繰り出し機構５ｂを設けている。各繰り出し機構３ｂ、４ｂ、５ｂの種子、薬剤、肥料の繰り出し位置には、それぞれ前記種子導管３ｃ及び種子排出口３ｄ、薬剤導管４ｃ及び薬剤排出口４ｄ、肥料導管５ｃ，肥料排出口５ｄが接続されている。この実施例では、種子排出口３ｄと薬剤排出口４ｄを同じ位置にしているが、これを別々にしてもよく、また、種子導管３ｃ及び種子排出口３ｄ、薬剤導管４ｃ及び薬剤排出口４ｄ、肥料導管５ｃ，肥料排出口５ｄの前後位置を適宜変えてもよい。   The seeding unit 3, the medicine application unit 4, and the fertilizer application unit 5 are arranged such that their front parts are covered above the rotary tillage / leveling unit 2. The seeding unit 3, the application unit 4, and the fertilization unit 5 are provided with a seed hopper 3a for storing seeds, a drug hopper 4a for storing chemicals, and a fertilizer hopper 5a for storing fertilizers at the top of each, 4a, 5a receiving power from the input unit 11 at the bottom of the 4a, 5a, rotating in the front-rear direction, seed feeding mechanism 3b for feeding seeds downward, drug feeding mechanism 4b for feeding medicines downward, fertilizer feeding mechanism 5b for feeding fertilizers downward Is provided. The seed conduit 3c and seed discharge port 3d, the drug conduit 4c and drug discharge port 4d, the fertilizer conduit 5c and the fertilizer discharge port 5d are connected to the seed, drug and fertilizer feed positions of the feed mechanisms 3b, 4b and 5b, respectively. Has been. In this embodiment, the seed outlet 3d and the medicine outlet 4d are in the same position, but they may be separated, and the seed conduit 3c and the seed outlet 3d, the medicine conduit 4c and the medicine outlet 4d, The front and rear positions of the fertilizer conduit 5c and the fertilizer discharge port 5d may be changed as appropriate.

前記施肥部５においては、図３〜図５に示すように、播種床１７に播種された種子Ｓ列及び施薬された薬剤Ｍ列の側方に、施肥用作溝器５ｅにより形成された施肥溝５ｆに対して肥料導管５ｃ，肥料排出口５ｄを介して肥料Ｆを列状に施用するが、施肥溝５ｆを形成する施肥用作溝器５ｅは、図１及び図２に示すディスク状のもの、図３に示すシュー状のもののいずれにしてもよいものである。また、前記ロータリ耕耘・整地部２の耕耘ロータ２ｂは、アップカット形式に限らずダウンカット形式にしてもよいものである。さらに、この実施例では、播種部３、施薬部４、及び施肥部５を６条のもので構成しているが、その増減、間隔調整は自由にできる。   In the fertilizer 5, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, fertilizer formed by a fertilizer grooving device 5 e on the side of the seed S row seeded on the sowing bed 17 and the medicinal agent M row. The fertilizer F is applied to the groove 5f in a line through the fertilizer conduit 5c and the fertilizer discharge port 5d. The fertilizer grooving device 5e for forming the fertilizer groove 5f is a disc-shaped disk as shown in FIGS. 3 and the shoe-like one shown in FIG. Further, the tilling rotor 2b of the rotary tilling / leveling unit 2 is not limited to the up-cut type but may be a down-cut type. Further, in this embodiment, the seeding unit 3, the drug application unit 4, and the fertilizer unit 5 are composed of six items, but the increase / decrease and interval adjustment can be freely made.

前記鎮圧部６の鎮圧輪６ａは、播種床１７に播種された種子Ｓ列、施薬された薬剤Ｍ列及び施肥溝５ｆに施肥された施肥Ｆ列を、幅５〜１０ｃｍ程度、深さ２〜３ｃｍ程度に鎮圧して鎮圧溝１８を形成する、表面が平滑なゴムタイヤ状のものである。これら鎮圧輪６ａの上方には、該鎮圧輪６ａ列のカバーを兼ね、作業者が乗って前記種子ホッパ３ａ、薬剤ホッパ４ａ、肥料ホッパ５ａに、それぞれ種子、薬剤、肥料を入れる作業を行うのに用いる鎮圧輪カバーを兼ねる足場台１６が設けられている。なお、上記大豆用ロータリシーダ１は、大豆のみならず、他の豆類、トウモロコシなどの播種に広く適用できるものである。   The pressure-reducing wheel 6a of the pressure-reducing section 6 includes a row of seeds S sowed on the sowing bed 17, a row of applied medicines M, and a row of fertilization F applied to the fertilization grooves 5f, about 5 to 10 cm wide and 2 to 2 deep. It is a rubber tire-like thing with a smooth surface that is crushed to about 3 cm to form a crushed groove 18. Above these pressure wheel 6a, it also serves as a cover for the pressure wheel 6a row, and an operator gets on the seed hopper 3a, drug hopper 4a, and fertilizer hopper 5a to put seeds, drugs, and fertilizer, respectively. A scaffolding base 16 that also serves as a pressure-reducing wheel cover used in the above is provided. The soybean rotary seeder 1 can be widely applied to sowing not only soybeans but also other beans and corn.

次に、上記構成の大豆用ロータリシーダ１の作用について説明する。
ロータリ耕耘・整地部２の耕耘ロータ２ｂにより耕耘・砕土され整地されて形成されたた播種床１７の地表面に、播種部３の種子導管３ｃ及び種子排出口３ｄを介して種子Ｓを列状に排出する。この種子Ｓ列と同一列の地表面に、施薬部４の薬剤導管４ｃ及び薬剤排出口４ｄを介して薬剤Ｍを排出する。ここで施用する薬剤Ｍは、大豆の種子Ｓに卵を産むタネバエや発芽後の茎葉につくアブラムシを駆除するための殺虫剤等である。種子Ｓ列及び薬剤Ｍ列の側方３ｃｍ、深さ４ｃｍ程度の位置に、施肥部５の施肥用作溝器５ｅにより施肥溝５ｆを形成し、この施肥溝５ｆに対して肥料導管５ｃ，肥料排出口５ｄを介して肥料（化成肥料）Ｆを列状に施用する。 Next, the operation of the soybean rotary seeder 1 having the above configuration will be described.
The seeds S are arranged in a row on the ground surface of the sowing bed 17 formed by cultivating and crushed by the tilling rotor 2b of the rotary tilling and leveling unit 2 through the seed conduit 3c and the seed discharge port 3d of the sowing unit 3. To discharge. The drug M is discharged to the ground surface in the same row as the seed S row through the drug conduit 4c and the drug discharge port 4d of the drug application unit 4. The medicine M to be applied here is an insecticide for exterminating the fly that lays eggs on the soybean seeds S or the aphids attached to the foliage after germination. A fertilizer groove 5f is formed by a fertilizer grooving device 5e of the fertilizer section 5 at a position of about 3 cm on the side of the seed S row and the drug M row, and a fertilizer conduit 5c, fertilizer. Fertilizer (chemical fertilizer) F is applied in a row through the discharge port 5d.

播種床１７に播種された種子Ｓ列、施薬された薬剤Ｍ列、及び施肥溝５ｆに施肥された肥料Ｆ列は、鎮圧部６の鎮圧輪６ａにより幅５〜１０ｃｍ程度、深さ２〜３ｃｍ程度に鎮圧され鎮圧溝１８が形成される。これにより、種子Ｓ列、薬剤Ｍ列、及び肥料Ｆ列は下方に押し込まれて鎮圧域１９を形成し、種子Ｓ列は鎮圧溝１８底の表面に位置し、種子Ｓの直下は硬く鎮圧されている。この鎮圧溝１８に対し、覆土部７の覆土器７ａにより、該鎮圧溝１８近傍の表土をかき寄せて、膨軟な土を被せて覆土して膨軟覆土２０をし、地表面を均す。   The seed S row sowed on the seeding floor 17, the medicinal agent M row, and the fertilizer F row fertilized in the fertilizer groove 5f are about 5 to 10 cm wide by a pressure reducing wheel 6a of the pressure reducing portion 6 and a depth of 2 to 3 cm. The pressure suppression groove 18 is formed by being suppressed to a certain degree. As a result, the seed S row, the drug M row, and the fertilizer F row are pushed downward to form a pressure suppression region 19, and the seed S row is positioned on the surface of the bottom of the pressure suppression groove 18, and the portion immediately below the seed S is firmly pressed. ing. The soil covering unit 7a of the soil covering part 7 is used to scrape the surface soil in the vicinity of the pressure suppressing groove 18 and cover the soft soil by covering the soft soil with the soft soil, thereby leveling the ground surface.

以上したように、本発明の大豆用ロータリシーダ１により作業すると、種子Ｓは覆土前鎮圧により播種され、種子Ｓの近傍には殺虫剤Ｍが、種子Ｓの側方には化成肥料Ｆが施用され、これら一連の作業が１工程で効率よく作業できる。なお、殺虫剤Ｍはその効果を十分に発揮させるために種子Ｓの近傍に施用するのがよい。また、肥料Ｆが種子Ｓに近すぎると発芽障害を起こすため、種子Ｓから３ｃｍ程度離す必要がある。このロータリシーダ１を用いることにより、図５に示すように、種子Ｓと薬剤Ｍや肥料Ｆの相対位置が一定に保たれ、播種精度も高まる。   As described above, when working with the rotary seeder 1 for soybean of the present invention, the seed S is sown by pre-soil pressure reduction, and the insecticide M is applied in the vicinity of the seed S, and the chemical fertilizer F is applied to the side of the seed S. These series of operations can be efficiently performed in one process. Note that the insecticide M is preferably applied in the vicinity of the seed S in order to exert its effect sufficiently. Further, if the fertilizer F is too close to the seed S, it causes germination damage, so it is necessary to separate the seed S from about 3 cm. By using this rotary seeder 1, as shown in FIG. 5, the relative positions of the seed S, the drug M, and the fertilizer F are kept constant, and sowing accuracy is improved.

図６は、本発明（ａ）と従来（ｂ）の播種法において、淡色黒ボク土（火山性土）において、従来の鎮圧法と覆土前鎮圧法による播種後の種子近傍の固相割合（単位体積当たりの土壌の体積割合）及び土壌含水比（土壌水分）を示している。覆土深さは覆土前鎮圧法で３．４ｃｍとやや深く、従来法では２．２ｃｍあった。覆土前鎮圧法は、従来法に比べて種子Ｓより下層では土壌の固相割合が高く、土壌水分もわずかに高かった。逆に、種子Ｓより上部の覆土は従来法に比べて固相割合が低く膨軟であった。   FIG. 6 shows the ratio of the solid phase in the vicinity of the seeds after sowing by the conventional squeezing method and the pre-soil squeezing method in the light black black soil (volcanic soil) in the sowing method of the present invention (a) and the conventional (b). The volume ratio of the soil per unit volume) and the soil water content (soil moisture) are shown. The soil covering depth was slightly deep at 3.4 cm by the pre-covering crushing method and 2.2 cm by the conventional method. In the pre-capping method, the solid phase ratio of the soil was higher in the lower layer than the seed S, and the soil moisture was slightly higher than that in the conventional method. On the contrary, the soil covering above the seed S had a lower solid phase ratio and was softer than the conventional method.

図７は、前記土壌における大豆の出芽速度を示したものである。この試験では、播種後６日間降雨がなく、７日目に日降水量８ｍｍ、１４日目に２３ｍｍの降雨があった。そのため、播種直後から出芽期にかけて土壌はかなり乾燥した状態であった。出芽始めは覆土前鎮圧播種法及び従来法とも６日目であった。従来法は初期の出芽数は多いものの、出芽が緩慢で、最終的な出芽率は７６．９％であった。覆土前鎮圧播種法は播種深さが深いことから初期の出芽数は従来法に比べて少ないが、出芽盛期に一気に出芽して揃いがよく、出芽率も８１．５％と高かった。   FIG. 7 shows the germination rate of soybean in the soil. In this test, there was no rainfall for 6 days after sowing, and there was rainfall of 8 mm on the 7th day and 23 mm on the 14th day. Therefore, the soil was in a very dry state from immediately after sowing to the emergence stage. The beginning of budding was on the 6th day in both the pre-soil squeezing sowing method and the conventional method. Although the conventional method had a large number of initial emergence, the emergence was slow and the final emergence rate was 76.9%. Since the seeding depth before seeding was deeper, the seeding depth was smaller than that of the conventional method, but the seedlings were well budding at the time of emergence, and the germination rate was as high as 81.5%.

表１及び表２は、粘質な灰色低地土での現地実証試験例である。ここでは本発明の大豆用ロータリシーダ１による覆土前鎮圧播種区、正転（ダウンカット）ロータリにより耕起して播種し、部分鎮圧した区、及び正転ロータリで耕起して逆転（アップカット）ロータリで砕土し、播種後に部分鎮圧してさらにローラで全面鎮圧した区を設けた。播種して数日後に日降水量２７ｍｍのまとまった降雨があり、その後１２日間は降雨がなく晴天が続いたことから土壌が乾燥して硬化した。部分鎮圧区では砕土性が劣ったことから、土塊の毛管が切れて種子への水分供給が絶たれ、出芽率が極めて低くなった。部分鎮圧＋全面鎮圧区では表層にクラストが形成され、発芽後に地上に出芽できない大豆種子が観察された。また、出芽が不揃いで初期の生育が抑制された。覆土前鎮圧法ではクラストは形成されず、出芽率は９２．４％と最も高くなり、その後の生育も順調で、高収量を得た。
以上の結果より、覆土前鎮圧播種法は従来の播種方式に比べて出芽率の改善に効果が高く、有用な技術と判断される。 Tables 1 and 2 are examples of field verification tests on viscous gray lowland soils. Here, the sowing rotary seeder 1 of the present invention is used for the sowing before soil covering, the normal rotation (down cut) is cultivated and cultivated by the rotary (down cut) rotary, the partial partial pressure is cultivated, and the normal rotary is cultivated and reverse (up cut). ) Ground was crushed with rotary, partially crushed after sowing, and further crushed with a roller. A few days after sowing, there was a set amount of rainfall with a daily precipitation of 27 mm, and after 12 days there was no rain and the weather was clear and the soil was dry and hardened. In the partial squeezed zone, the soil breaking property was inferior, so the soil mass was cut off and the water supply to the seeds was cut off, resulting in a very low germination rate. In the partial suppression + full suppression group, crust was formed on the surface layer, and soybean seeds that could not emerge on the ground after germination were observed. Moreover, budding was uneven and initial growth was suppressed. Crust was not formed by the pre-clay crushing method, the emergence rate was 92.4%, and the subsequent growth was smooth and a high yield was obtained.
From the above results, it is judged that the pre-soil squeezing sowing method is effective in improving the emergence rate compared to the conventional sowing method and is a useful technique.

Figure 2005224114
Figure 2005224114

Figure 2005224114
Figure 2005224114

本発明の播種方法及び装置により、種子より下の土層を強く鎮圧して下層からの毛管水の供給を高め、種子より上の表層を膨軟にして種子が出芽して地上に出るときの抵抗を少なくすると共に、降雨後に表層の土が硬化することを抑制することができ、出芽率を向上させることができる。   By the sowing method and apparatus of the present invention, the soil layer below the seed is strongly crushed to increase the supply of capillary water from the lower layer, the surface layer above the seed is loosened and the seeds emerge and emerge on the ground. While reducing resistance, it can suppress that the soil of a surface layer hardens after rainfall, and can improve a germination rate.

本発明による覆土前鎮圧播種機能を組み込んだ大豆用ロータリシーダの側方からの斜視図である。It is the perspective view from the side of the rotary seeder for soybeans which incorporated the pre-soil covering pressure sowing function by this invention. 同要部の側面図である。It is a side view of the principal part. 同要部による作業状態を説明する側面図である。It is a side view explaining the working state by the principal part. 同要部による作業工程を説明する縦断面図であり、（ａ）は播種床に施肥・施薬・播種を行った状態、（ｂ）は施肥・施薬・播種を行った跡を鎮圧輪により鎮圧して鎮圧溝を形成する状態、（ｃ）は（ｂ）により形成された鎮圧溝に対し培土器により膨軟な土を覆土している状態、（ｄ）は（ｃ）により鎮圧溝に膨軟な土を覆土した状態である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view explaining the work process by the main part, (a) is a state where fertilization / medicine / seeding has been performed on the seeding floor, (b) is a state where the trace of fertilization / medication / seeding has been suppressed with a pressure reducing wheel. (C) is a state in which soft soil is covered with a cultivator with respect to the pressure suppression groove formed in (b), and (d) is in the pressure suppression groove in (c). It is in a state of covering soft soil. 図４（ｄ）における作業寸法を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the working dimension in FIG.4 (d). 本発明（ａ）と従来（ｂ）の播種法における土壌密度及び土壌水分を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the soil density and soil moisture in the sowing method of this invention (a) and the conventional (b). 本発明と従来の播種法における大豆の出芽速度の関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship of the germination rate of the soybean in this invention and the conventional sowing method.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 大豆用ロータリシーダ
２ ロータリ耕耘・整地部 ２ａ 伝動ケース ２ｂ 耕耘ロータ ２ｃ 砕土レーキ ２ｄ クランク揺動機構 ２ｅ 整地板 ２ｆ シールドカバー ２ｇ 側板
３ 播種部 ３ａ 種子ホッパ ３ｂ 種子繰り出し機構 ３ｃ 種子導管 ３ｄ 種子排出口
４ 施薬部 ４ａ 薬剤ホッパ ４ｂ 薬剤繰り出し機構 ４ｃ 薬剤導管 ４ｄ 薬剤排出口
５ 施肥部 ５ａ 肥料ホッパ ５ｂ 肥料繰り出し機構 ５ｃ 肥料導管 ５ｄ 肥料排出口 ５ｅ 施肥用作溝器 ５ｆ 施肥溝
６ 鎮圧部 ６ａ 鎮圧輪 ６ｂ スクレーパ
７ 覆土部 ７ａ 覆土器
８ トップマスト
９ ロアリンク連結アーム
１０ ゲージホィール
１１ 入力部
１２ トラクタ
１３ トップリンク
１４ ロアリンク
１５ ＰＴＯ伝動シャフト
１６ 鎮圧輪カバー兼足場台
１７ 播種床
１８ 鎮圧溝
１９ 鎮圧域
２０ 膨軟覆土 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotary seeder for soybeans 2 Rotary tilling and leveling part 2a Transmission case 2b Tillage rotor 2c Ground breaking rake 2d Crank swing mechanism 2e Leveling plate 2f Shield cover 2g Side plate 3 Seeding part 3a Seed hopper 3b Seed feeding mechanism 3c Seed conduit 3d Seed outlet 4 Application part 4a Drug hopper 4b Drug delivery mechanism 4c Drug conduit 4d Drug discharge port 5 Fertilizer hopper 5b Fertilizer hopper 5b Fertilizer delivery mechanism 5c Fertilizer discharge port 5e Fertilizer groove 5f Fertilizer groove 6a Pressure suppression ring 6a Scraper 7 Covering section 7a Covering device 8 Top mast 9 Lower link connecting arm 10 Gauge wheel 11 Input section 12 Tractor 13 Top link 14 Lower link 15 PTO transmission shaft 16 Packing wheel cover / scaffolding platform 17 Seeding floor 18 Packing groove 19 Packing area 20軟覆 soil

Claims (3)

耕耘整地された播種床に、種子導管により土壌表面に排出された種子列を、幅５〜１０ｃｍ程度の車輪幅を有する鎮圧輪により鎮圧して深さ２〜３ｃｍ程度の鎮圧溝を形成し、この鎮圧溝に対し、該鎮圧溝近傍の表土をかき寄せて膨軟な土を被せて覆土することを特徴とする播種方法。   A seed row discharged to the soil surface by a seed conduit is crushed on a sowing bed that has been cultivated and cultivated to form a squeezing groove having a depth of about 2 to 3 cm by squeezing with a squeezing wheel having a wheel width of about 5 to 10 cm in width. A seeding method characterized by covering the soil with a soft soil by scraping the top soil in the vicinity of the compaction groove against the compaction groove. 耕耘・整地して播種床を形成するロータリ耕耘・整地部と、種子導管により播種床表面に種子を列状に排出する播種部と、該播種床に播種された種子列を幅５〜１０ｃｍ程度、深さ２〜３ｃｍ程度に鎮圧して鎮圧溝を形成する鎮圧輪を備えた鎮圧部と、該鎮圧部により形成された鎮圧溝に対し、該鎮圧溝近傍の表土をかき寄せて膨軟な土を被せて覆土する覆土部と、を設け、覆土前鎮圧播種機能を備えたことを特徴とする播種装置。   Rotary plowing and leveling part that forms a sowing bed by plowing and leveling, a sowing part that discharges seeds in a row on the surface of the sowing bed by a seed conduit, and a seed row sowed on the sowing bed is about 5 to 10 cm in width A pressure-resisting portion having a pressure-reducing wheel that is repressed to a depth of about 2 to 3 cm and a pressure-reducing groove formed by the pressure-reducing portion; A sowing part that covers and covers the soil, and has a pre-soil pressure sowing function. 耕耘・整地して播種床を形成するロータリ耕耘・整地部と、種子導管により播種床表面に種子を列状に排出する播種部と、該播種床に播種された種子列とほぼ同列に薬剤導管により施薬する施薬部と、該播種床に播種された種子列及び施薬された薬剤列の側方に施肥溝を形成し、該施肥溝に肥料導管により列状に施肥する施肥部と、該播種床に播種された種子列、施薬された薬剤列、及び施肥溝に施肥された肥料列を、幅５〜１０ｃｍ程度、深さ２〜３ｃｍ程度に鎮圧して鎮圧溝を形成する鎮圧輪を備えた鎮圧部と、該鎮圧部により形成された鎮圧溝に対し、該鎮圧溝近傍の表土をかき寄せて膨軟な土を被せて覆土する覆土部と、を設け、施肥、施薬、播種、鎮圧、覆土作業を１工程で行うことを特徴とする播種装置。   Rotary tilling and leveling part that forms a sowing bed by plowing and leveling, a seeding part that discharges seeds in a row on the surface of the sowing bed by a seed conduit, and a drug conduit that is almost in line with the seed row sowed on the sowing bed A fertilizer part to be applied by, a fertilizer part which is fertilized in a row by a fertilizer conduit in the fertilizer groove, and a fertilizer part which is fertilized in a row by a fertilizer conduit in the side of the seed line seeded on the sowing bed It is equipped with a pressure-reducing wheel that forms a pressure-reduction groove by repressing the seed row sowed on the floor, the applied drug row, and the fertilizer row applied to the fertilizer groove to a width of about 5 to 10 cm and a depth of about 2 to 3 cm. And a cover soil part that covers the soft soil by scraping the top soil in the vicinity of the pressure suppression groove, and applying fertilization, medicine, seeding, pressure suppression, A seeding device that performs soil covering work in one step.
JP2004033421A 2004-02-10 2004-02-10 Sowing equipment Expired - Fee Related JP4576600B2 (en)

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