JP6292586B2 - Agricultural machine and no-till sowing method - Google Patents

Agricultural machine and no-till sowing method Download PDF

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JP6292586B2
JP6292586B2 JP2016028035A JP2016028035A JP6292586B2 JP 6292586 B2 JP6292586 B2 JP 6292586B2 JP 2016028035 A JP2016028035 A JP 2016028035A JP 2016028035 A JP2016028035 A JP 2016028035A JP 6292586 B2 JP6292586 B2 JP 6292586B2
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drainage groove
sowing
seeding
drainage
claw
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卓生 国立
卓生 国立
定之 高山
定之 高山
茂義 前田
茂義 前田
剛 下村
下村　　剛
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Agritecno Yazaki Co Ltd
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、圃場面に播種作業を行う農作業機及び不耕起播種方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an agricultural machine and a no-till sowing method for performing sowing work on a farm scene.

二毛作によって限られた作付面積の圃場を有効利用して食糧生産性の向上を図ることが、我が国の食糧自給率を高めるためには重要である。二毛作の場合には前作物の収穫から次作物の播種までの間に時間的な余裕がない場合があり、これに対応するためにロータリ耕耘作業と施肥播種作業を同時に行う作業機等が用いられることがある。また、水田輪換畑では地域によって水稲収穫後の圃場が湿潤で作物の播種前にロータリ耕耘作業を行うことができない場合がある。これに対しては、いわゆるチゼルプラウシーダ或いはサブソイラシーダと呼ばれる簡易耕同時施肥播種機による作業が検討されている。   In order to increase food self-sufficiency in Japan, it is important to improve the food productivity by effectively using the field of crop area limited by double cropping. In the case of double cropping, there may be no time between the harvest of the previous crop and the sowing of the next crop, and in order to cope with this, a working machine that simultaneously performs rotary tillage work and fertilization sowing work is used. Sometimes. Also, in paddy field rotation fields, the fields after paddy rice harvesting may be wet depending on the region, so that rotary tillage work cannot be performed before crop sowing. For this, work using a simple tillage simultaneous fertilization seeder called so-called chisel plow seeder or subsoiler seeder is being studied.

前述した簡易耕同時施肥播種作業を行う作業機として、下記特許文献１に記載のものが提案されている。この従来技術は、所定幅に亘って圃場に施肥する施肥機構と、所定幅に亘って圃場に播種する播種機構とを前後に備え、施肥機構と播種機構のぞれぞれの下方前側に多数のチゼル爪を配設し、これらのチゼル爪の後方に播種機構から繰り出される種を分散して圃場に散播する播種分散板を設け、この播種分散板の後方にチゼル爪により掘り起こされた土壌表面を砕土するとともに、種と土壌を混和して覆土する砕土・覆土ローラを設けたものである。   As a working machine for performing the above-described simple plowing simultaneous fertilization sowing work, a machine described in Patent Document 1 below has been proposed. This prior art is provided with a fertilization mechanism for fertilizing the field over a predetermined width and a sowing mechanism for sowing the field over a predetermined width, and a number of them are provided on the lower front side of each of the fertilization mechanism and the sowing mechanism. The chisel claws are placed behind, and a seeding dispersion plate that disperses seeds fed from the sowing mechanism and disperses them in the field is provided behind these chisel claws, and the soil surface dug up by the chisel nails behind this sowing dispersion plate In addition to crushing soil, it is equipped with a crushing and soil covering roller that mixes seeds and soil to cover soil.

特開平１０−２８６００３号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-286003

特に大豆作は、湿潤な水田輪換畑での栽培が大半を占めており、更に日本の多くの地域では大豆作の播種時期が梅雨と重なる。このため大豆作では、播種作業が遅延したり播種後の湿害によって出芽不良となったりして、雑草繁茂や減収を引き起こしやすく、これらが大豆生産安定化のための大きな課題になっている。この課題を解決するためには、湿潤な圃場においても効率的な播種作業が可能であり、且つ播種後の湿害を防ぐために圃場の排水性を改善する作業が必要になる。これは、大豆作に限らず、湿潤な圃場への播種作業を行う作物、特に水田輪換畑で作付けを行う麦，ソバ，ナタネなどの作物に共通な要求である。   In particular, soybean crops are mostly grown in wet paddy field, and in many areas of Japan, the sowing season overlaps with the rainy season. For this reason, in soybean production, seeding operations are delayed or poor budding due to moisture damage after sowing, which tends to cause weed overgrowth and a decrease in yield, and these are major issues for stabilizing soybean production. In order to solve this problem, an efficient sowing work is possible even in a wet field, and work to improve drainage of the field is necessary to prevent moisture damage after sowing. This is a common requirement not only for soy crops but also for crops that are seeded in moist fields, especially for crops such as wheat, buckwheat, and rapeseed that are planted in paddy fields.

これに対して、前述した従来の作業機では、チゼル爪で形成された条溝の底に播かれた種に覆土を行い、その後土壌表面を砕土するので、チゼル爪で形成される溝の深さをある程度浅くせざるを得ない。これによって、チゼル爪で形成される溝を排水用の溝として有効に活用することができない問題がある。また、排水性を確保するためにチゼル爪で形成される溝を深くすると、チゼル溝の底に播かれた種が湿害を受けやすくなり、発芽不良などで安定した生産性を確保できない問題が生じる。   On the other hand, in the conventional working machine described above, the soil seeded on the bottom of the groove formed with chisel claws is covered with soil, and then the soil surface is crushed, so that the depth of the grooves formed with chisel claws is reduced. I have to make it a little shallower. Accordingly, there is a problem that the groove formed by the chisel claw cannot be effectively used as the drainage groove. In addition, if the groove formed by chisel claws is deepened to ensure drainage, seeds sown at the bottom of the chisel groove are susceptible to moisture damage, and stable productivity cannot be secured due to poor germination. Arise.

また、播種後の掘り起こされた土壌表面を砕土するともに、種と土壌を混和して覆土する砕土・覆土ローラを設けているので、湿潤程度が高い圃場では、砕土・覆土ローラに土壌が付着して作業性が悪化しやすく、効率的な播種作業を行うことができない問題がある。   In addition, the soil surface that has been excavated after sowing is crushed, and a crushed soil / roller roller is provided to mix the seeds and soil, so that soil adheres to the crushed soil / roller roller in high wet fields. Therefore, workability is likely to deteriorate, and there is a problem that efficient sowing work cannot be performed.

また、二毛作における前作の収穫残渣が多く散在する圃場面への播種を行う場合には、残渣を掻き分けて圃場面に精度良く播種を行う必要があるが、従来のチゼル爪では、チゼル爪が残渣に絡んで牽引抵抗の増大を招くだけでなく、溝内に残渣が引き込まれることで播種深さが不安定になり、精度の高い播種作業を行うことができない問題があった。   In addition, when seeding in a field scene where there is a lot of harvest residue from the previous crop in double cropping, it is necessary to scrape the residue and sow the field scene with high accuracy. In addition to causing an increase in traction resistance, there is a problem that the sowing depth becomes unstable due to the residue being drawn into the groove and the sowing operation cannot be performed with high accuracy.

本発明は、このような問題に対処することを課題の一例とするものである。すなわち、湿潤な圃場における播種作業を行うに際して、良好な作業性と作物の安定した生産性を得ることができる不耕起播種用の農作業機を提供すること、より具体的には、良好な排水性を得るための深い排水溝を形成すると同時に、播かれた種が湿害を受けることがない播種床の形成を可能にすること、湿潤程度が高い圃場であっても効率的な播種作業を行うことができること、前作の収穫残渣が圃場面に多く散在する場合にも精度の高い播種作業を行うことができること、等が本発明の目的である。   This invention makes it an example of a subject to cope with such a problem. That is, to provide a farming machine for no-till sowing that can obtain good workability and stable productivity of crops when performing sowing work in a wet field, more specifically, good drainage It is possible to form a deep drainage channel to improve the performance of the seeds, and to make it possible to form a seed bed where the seeds are not damaged by moisture, and efficient seeding work even in highly humid fields. It is an object of the present invention that it can be performed and that a high-precision seeding operation can be performed even when a large amount of the harvest residue of the previous crop is scattered in the field scene.

このような目的を達成するために、本発明は、以下の構成を少なくとも具備するものである。   In order to achieve such an object, the present invention comprises at least the following configuration.

走行機体の進行方向後方に装着され、圃場面を進行しながら播種作業を行う農作業機であって、前記走行機体の進行方向に沿って圃場面に排水溝を形成するチゼル部を備えた排水溝形成爪と、前記排水溝と一対に、前記排水溝の側方に設定距離だけオフセットした位置を播種位置として、播種を行う播種機部とを備え、前記播種機部は、圃場面に播種溝を形成する作溝器と、該播種溝内に播種する播種装置とを備えることを特徴とする農作業機。 A farm working machine that is mounted on the rear side in the traveling direction of the traveling machine body and performs the sowing work while advancing the field scene, and includes a chisel portion that forms a drainage groove in the field scene along the traveling direction of the traveling machine body A pair of forming claws, and a pair of the drainage grooves, and a seeding unit that performs seeding at a position offset by a set distance to the side of the drainage groove as a seeding position, and the seeder unit includes a seeding groove in a field scene. A farm working machine comprising: a grooving device for forming a seeding device; and a sowing device for sowing in the sowing groove.

走行機体の進行に沿って不耕起圃場に播種作業を行う不耕起播種方法であって、前記走行機体の進行に沿ってチゼル部を備えた排水溝形成爪を用いて圃場面に排水溝を形成する排水溝形成作業と、前記排水溝側方から設定距離だけオフセットした前記排水溝と一対の位置に播種を行う播種作業とを有し、前記排水溝形成作業と前記播種作業を前記走行機体の進行に伴って同行程で行い、前記播種作業は、前記排水溝側方のオフセット位置に作溝，播種を同行程で行い、前記排水溝形成作業は、前記播種作業での作溝よりも深い前記排水溝を形成することを特徴とする不耕起播種方法。 A non-tillage sowing method for performing sowing work on a non-tillage field along the travel of a traveling machine body, wherein a drainage groove is formed in a field scene using a drainage groove forming claw provided with a chisel portion along the travel of the traveling machine body. A drain groove forming operation for forming the drainage groove, a draining groove offset by a set distance from a side of the drainage groove, and a sowing operation for sowing at a pair of positions, and the drainage groove forming operation and the seeding operation are performed as the traveling performed at the same stroke with the progress of the aircraft, the sowing operation, Sakumizo the offset position of the drainage groove side, have rows seeded at the same stroke, the drainage groove forming operation, Sakumizo in the seeding work A non-tillage sowing method characterized by forming the drainage groove deeper than that .

前述した特徴を有する農作業機或いはこの農作業機によって行われる不耕起播種方法によると、排水溝形成爪によって形成される排水溝を比較的深い溝にして、形成した排水溝と同行程で播種機部による播種作業を行う。この際、播種作業は、排水溝の側方に設定距離だけオフセットした位置を播種位置とし、圃場面に播種溝を形成して、形成した播種溝内に播種を行う。   According to the farming machine having the characteristics described above or the no-tillage seeding method performed by this farming machine, the drainage groove formed by the drainage groove forming claw is made into a relatively deep groove, and the seeder is in the same process as the drainage groove formed. Seeding work by the department. At this time, in the sowing operation, a position offset by a set distance to the side of the drainage ditch is set as a sowing position, a sowing groove is formed in the field scene, and sowing is performed in the formed sowing groove.

これによって比較的深い排水溝で有効な圃場排水性を確保しながら、排水溝の側方位置に播種を行って種の湿害を回避する。排水溝の側方に形成される播種溝は、排水溝が形成される影響で比較的柔らかくなっている圃場面に形成されるので、深さを安定化することができ、安定した播種深度で精度の高い播種作業を行うことができる。   Thus, while ensuring effective field drainage at a relatively deep drainage ditch, seeding is carried out at a side position of the drainage ditch to avoid seed damage. The sowing groove formed on the side of the drainage ditch is formed in a field scene that is relatively soft due to the effect of the drainage ditch, so the depth can be stabilized and the sowing depth is stable. Highly accurate sowing work can be performed.

このような特徴を有する本発明によると、良好な排水性を得るための深い排水溝を形成すると同時に、播かれた種が湿害を受けることがない播種床の形成が可能になり、湿潤程度が高い圃場であっても効率的な播種作業を行うことができ、且つ安定した生産性を確保することができる。また、基本構成では耕耘や整地を省くことができるので、湿潤な圃場であっても良好な作業性で播種作業を行うことができる。   According to the present invention having such characteristics, it is possible to form a deep drainage groove for obtaining good drainage properties, and at the same time, it is possible to form a seeding bed in which the seeds are not damaged by moisture, and the degree of wetness. Even in a high field, efficient sowing work can be performed and stable productivity can be ensured. In addition, since the basic configuration can omit plowing and leveling, seeding work can be performed with good workability even in a wet field.

本発明の一実施形態に係る農作業機の全体構成を示した説明図（側面図）である。It is explanatory drawing (side view) which showed the whole structure of the agricultural working machine which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態に係る農作業機の全体構成を示した説明図（平面図）である。It is explanatory drawing (plan view) which showed the whole structure of the agricultural working machine which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る農作業機を用いた不耕起播種方法を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the no-till seeding method using the agricultural working machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態における埋め戻し爪の形態例を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the example of the form of the backfill nail | claw in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態における埋め戻し爪の形態例を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the example of the form of the backfill nail | claw in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態における排水溝形成爪の形態例を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the example of the form of the drain groove formation nail | claw in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態における排水溝形成爪の形態例を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the example of the form of the drain groove formation nail | claw in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態における排水溝形成爪の変形例を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the modification of the drain groove formation nail | claw in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る農作業機の播種機部の配置の変形例を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the modification of arrangement | positioning of the seeder part of the agricultural working machine which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施形態を説明する。図１及び図２は本発明の一実施形態に係る農作業機の全体構成を示した説明図である。図１が側面図であり、図２が平面図である。農作業機１は、図示省略の走行機体（例えばトラクタ）の進行方向後方に装着され、圃場を進行しながら播種作業を行うものである。以下の説明では、農作業機１は、トラクタ直装式の作業機を例に説明するが、これに限らず走行機体と一体に構成される自走式の作業機であってもよい。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG.1 and FIG.2 is explanatory drawing which showed the whole structure of the agricultural working machine based on one Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 1 is a side view, and FIG. 2 is a plan view. The farm work machine 1 is mounted behind a traveling machine body (not shown) (for example, a tractor) in the traveling direction, and performs seeding work while proceeding through the farm field. In the following description, the agricultural work machine 1 will be described by taking a tractor directly-mounted work machine as an example, but is not limited thereto, and may be a self-propelled work machine configured integrally with a traveling machine body.

農作業機１は、トラクタの三点リンクヒッチに装着される装着部２Ａを備える機体（フレーム）２を備えており、この機体２に構成要素が配備されている。農作業機１は、排水溝形成爪３、埋め戻し爪４、播種機部５を主要部として備える。また、農作業機１は、施肥部６と整地器７を付属的な構成要素として備えることができる。特に、整地器７を設けた場合には、播種作業の精度を向上させることができる。しかしながら、湿潤度合いの高い圃場の場合は、寧ろ整地器７を省くことで土の付着などが抑えられ播種作業の精度作業を高めることができる。以下、各部の構成を詳細に説明する。   The farm work machine 1 includes a machine body (frame) 2 including a mounting portion 2 </ b> A attached to a three-point link hitch of a tractor. The agricultural machine 1 includes a drainage groove forming claw 3, a backfilling claw 4, and a seeder unit 5 as main parts. Moreover, the agricultural machine 1 can be provided with the fertilizer part 6 and the leveling machine 7 as an auxiliary component. In particular, when the leveling device 7 is provided, the accuracy of the sowing work can be improved. However, in the case of a field with a high degree of wetness, the soil leveling device 7 is omitted, so that adhesion of soil and the like can be suppressed and the accuracy work of the sowing work can be increased. Hereinafter, the configuration of each unit will be described in detail.

排水溝形成爪３は、トラクタ（走行機体）の進行方向に沿って圃場面に排水溝を形成する部位である。図示の例では、機体２に５つの爪取付部３Ａが設けられ、この爪取付部３Ａに高さ調整自在に排水溝形成爪３を取り付けられるようになっている。この例では、トラクタの一行程で５条の排水溝を形成することができ、５個の排水溝形成爪３が、機体２の前段に２列、機体２の後段に３列、千鳥状に配列されている。何列の排水溝形成爪３を配備するかは、圃場の面積やトラクタの牽引能力を考慮して適宜設計可能であり、播種条数に対応させて設定することができる。また、播種条の条間の設定に合わせて排水溝形成爪３の間隔を任意に調整可能にすることができる。   The drainage groove forming claw 3 is a part that forms a drainage groove in the farm scene along the traveling direction of the tractor (traveling machine body). In the example shown in the drawing, the body 2 is provided with five claw attaching portions 3A, and the drain groove forming claw 3 can be attached to the claw attaching portion 3A so that the height can be adjusted. In this example, five drainage grooves can be formed in one stroke of the tractor, and five drainage groove forming claws 3 are arranged in two rows in the front stage of the airframe 2, three rows in the rear stage of the airframe 2, and staggered. It is arranged. The number of drainage groove forming claws 3 to be arranged can be appropriately designed in consideration of the area of the field and the traction ability of the tractor, and can be set according to the number of seeding strips. In addition, the interval between the drainage groove forming claws 3 can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the setting between the sowing lines.

排水溝形成爪３によって形成される排水溝は、後述する埋め戻しを簡易に行うことを考慮すると溝幅が狭い方が好ましい。したがって、圃場の排水効果が十分に得られる範囲で、できる限り排水溝形成爪３の厚さ（進行方向に垂直な方向の厚さ）を小さく設定することが好ましい。一例として、排水溝形成爪３の厚さは１０〜１５ｍｍ（好ましくは１２ｍｍ程度）にしている。また、排水溝形成爪３によって圃場に形成される排水溝の深さは１３〜３０ｃｍ程度が好ましく、これに応じて排水溝形成爪３の長さが設定される。   The drainage groove formed by the drainage groove forming claw 3 preferably has a narrower groove width in consideration of easy backfilling described later. Therefore, it is preferable to set the thickness of the drain groove forming claw 3 (thickness in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction) as small as possible within a range in which the drainage effect in the field is sufficiently obtained. As an example, the thickness of the drain groove forming claw 3 is 10 to 15 mm (preferably about 12 mm). Further, the depth of the drain groove formed in the field by the drain groove forming claw 3 is preferably about 13 to 30 cm, and the length of the drain groove forming claw 3 is set accordingly.

埋め戻し爪４は、排水溝形成爪３の背後に設けられ圃場面に形成された排水溝を埋め戻す機能を有する。埋め戻し爪４による排水溝の埋め戻しは、形成された排水溝による排水効果を低下させることなく、排水溝内の播種床を比較的浅めに形成するために行われる。   The backfilling claw 4 has a function of backfilling a drainage groove provided behind the drainage groove forming claw 3 and formed in a farm scene. The backfilling of the drainage grooves by the backfilling claws 4 is performed in order to form the seeding floor in the drainage grooves relatively shallowly without reducing the drainage effect of the formed drainage grooves.

より具体的には、埋め戻し爪４は、排水溝形成爪３によって形成された排水溝の側面を崩す爪先部４Ａを有している。埋め戻し爪４の具体的な形態例は後述するが、爪先部４Ａを排水溝形成爪３の爪幅（排水溝の幅）に対して幅広に形成するか、排水溝形成爪３に対して側方に若干シフトした位置に爪先部４Ａが配置されるようにすることで、排水溝の側面を効果的に崩すことが可能になる。   More specifically, the backfilling claw 4 has a toe portion 4 </ b> A that breaks the side surface of the drainage groove formed by the drainage groove forming claw 3. Although the concrete form example of the backfilling nail | claw 4 is mentioned later, 4 A of toe | tip parts are formed wide with respect to the nail | claw width | variety (width | variety of a drainage groove) of the drainage groove formation claw 3, or By arranging the toe portion 4A at a position slightly shifted to the side, the side surface of the drainage groove can be effectively broken.

図示の例では、排水溝形成爪３自体の後方側に取付部４０を設けて、そこに埋め戻し爪４を取り付けているが、これに限らず、機体２に埋め戻し爪４を取り付けるための取付部を設けてもよい。また、埋め戻し爪４は排水溝形成爪３に対して高さ調整自在に取り付けられることが好ましい。これによると、湿潤状態などの圃場状態に応じて埋め戻し爪４の高さを調整し、排水溝内を播種床に適する埋め戻し状態にすることが可能になる。   In the illustrated example, the mounting portion 40 is provided on the rear side of the drainage groove forming claw 3 itself, and the backfilling claw 4 is attached thereto. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the backfilling claw 4 is attached to the body 2. A mounting portion may be provided. Moreover, it is preferable that the backfilling nail | claw 4 is attached with respect to the drain groove claw 3 so that height adjustment is possible. According to this, it becomes possible to adjust the height of the backfilling claw 4 according to the field condition such as a wet state, and to make the inside of the drainage groove suitable for the sowing bed.

播種機部５は、埋め戻し爪４の後方で埋め戻された排水溝上に播種を行うものである。播種機部５は、排水溝形成爪３の各配列に応じて個別の播種機構を備える。播種機構としては、周知の播種機構（ロール式、目皿式など）を採用することができる。図示の例では、播種機部５は、埋め戻された排水溝上に播種溝を形成する作溝器５Ａと、播種溝内に播種する播種装置５Ｂと、播種後の播種溝を覆土する覆土器５Ｃと、覆土された播種溝上を鎮圧する鎮圧輪５Ｄを備える。この例では、ホッパ５Ｅに種が収められ、ホッパ５Ｅから播種装置５Ｂの播種機構に供給された種は作溝器５Ａと覆土器５Ｃの間に落下する。   The seeding machine unit 5 performs seeding on the drainage groove backfilled behind the backfilling claws 4. The seeder unit 5 includes individual seeding mechanisms according to the arrangement of the drain groove forming claws 3. As the sowing mechanism, a well-known seeding mechanism (roll type, eye plate type, etc.) can be employed. In the illustrated example, the seeder unit 5 includes a grooving device 5A that forms a seeding groove on the drainage groove that is backfilled, a seeding device 5B that seeds in the seeding groove, and a covering device that covers the seeding groove after sowing. 5C and a pressure-reducing wheel 5D that suppresses the covered sowing groove are provided. In this example, the seed is stored in the hopper 5E, and the seed supplied from the hopper 5E to the seeding mechanism of the seeding device 5B falls between the groove producing device 5A and the earthenware device 5C.

施肥部６は、排水溝形成爪３によって形成された排水溝内に施肥を行うものである。図示の例では、施肥部６は肥料ホッパ６Ａと肥料供給部６Ｂと肥料供給ホース６Ｃを備えており、排水溝形成爪３によって排水溝が形成された直後に（埋め戻し爪４で埋め戻される前に）排水溝内に肥料を落下させる。   The fertilizer unit 6 applies fertilizer in the drainage grooves formed by the drainage groove forming claws 3. In the illustrated example, the fertilizer application unit 6 includes a fertilizer hopper 6A, a fertilizer supply unit 6B, and a fertilizer supply hose 6C, and immediately after the drainage groove is formed by the drainage groove forming claw 3 (backfilled by the backfilling claw 4). Before) let the fertilizer fall into the drain.

整地器７は、埋め戻し爪４の後方且つ播種機部５の前方位置に設置され、排水溝上とその周囲を整地するものである。整地器７としてはクランブルローラや整地板など非駆動式のものを採用することができる。不耕起圃場での作業を前提とする場合には、播種機部５の前段に整地器７を設けることで播種機部５の播種精度を向上させることができる。   The leveling device 7 is installed at the rear of the backfilling claw 4 and at the front of the seeder unit 5 to level the drainage groove and its periphery. As the leveling device 7, a non-driven type such as a crumble roller or a leveling plate can be employed. In the case of assuming work in a non-tillage field, the sowing accuracy of the seeder unit 5 can be improved by providing the leveling device 7 in the previous stage of the seeder unit 5.

図３は、本発明の実施形態に係る農作業機を用いた不耕起播種方法を示した説明図である。同図（ａ）は、第１の作業工程である、走行機体の進行に沿って排水溝Ｖを形成する排水溝形成作業を示している。この工程では、不耕起圃場に排水溝形成爪３による排水溝Ｖが形成される。農作業機１が施肥部６を備える場合には、排水溝Ｖの底に肥料Ｆが播かれる。排水溝は、幅ｔが１０〜１５ｍｍ、好ましくは１２ｍｍ程度に形成され、深さｈは１３〜３０ｃｍ程度に形成される。排水溝の幅ｔは前述したように後の埋め戻しを考慮すると狭い方が好ましい。また排水溝の深さｈは圃場の湿潤状態に応じて有効な排水効果が得られるように設定される。   FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a no-tillage sowing method using an agricultural machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. The figure (a) has shown the drain ditch formation operation | work which forms the drain ditch V along the advance of the traveling body which is the 1st work process. In this step, drainage grooves V are formed by drainage groove forming claws 3 in the no-tillage field. When the farm work machine 1 includes the fertilizer unit 6, the fertilizer F is sown on the bottom of the drainage groove V. The drainage groove is formed with a width t of 10 to 15 mm, preferably about 12 mm, and a depth h of about 13 to 30 cm. As described above, the width t of the drainage groove is preferably narrow considering the backfilling. The depth h of the drainage groove is set so as to obtain an effective drainage effect according to the wet state of the field.

同図（ｂ）は、第２の作業工程である、排水溝Ｖを埋め戻す排水溝埋め戻し作業を示している。この工程では、埋め戻し爪４による排水溝Ｖの埋め戻しが行われる。埋め戻し爪４は排水溝Ｖの側面Ｖａを崩して排水溝Ｖ内を土塊Ｓ１で埋める。この際、側面Ｖａを崩すことによって得られる土塊Ｓ１は比較的粗く、排水溝Ｖの排水機能がこれによって妨げられることはない。また、この埋め戻しによって比較的深い排水溝Ｖ内の地上に近いところに播種床を形成することができる。   FIG. 5B shows a drainage groove backfilling operation for backfilling the drainage grooves V, which is the second work process. In this step, the drainage grooves V are backfilled by the backfill claws 4. The backfilling claw 4 breaks the side face Va of the drainage groove V and fills the drainage groove V with the earth lump S1. At this time, the soil block S1 obtained by breaking the side surface Va is relatively coarse, and the drainage function of the drainage groove V is not hindered by this. In addition, a seeding bed can be formed near the ground in the relatively deep drainage groove V by this backfilling.

同図（ｃ）は、第３の作業工程である、埋め戻された排水溝Ｖ上に播種を行う播種作業を示している。播種作業は、埋め戻された排水溝Ｖ上に作溝，播種，覆土，鎮圧を同行程で行う。すなわち、土塊Ｓ１の表面に播種溝Ｓ２が形成され、その播種溝Ｓ２内に種Ｓ３が播かれ、その上が覆土Ｓ４で覆われ、最後に鎮圧がなされる。   FIG. 3C shows a sowing operation for sowing the drainage groove V that has been backfilled, which is the third work process. In the sowing operation, the ditching, sowing, covering, and pressure reduction are performed in the same process on the drainage groove V that has been backfilled. That is, the sowing groove S2 is formed on the surface of the soil mass S1, the seed S3 is seeded in the sowing groove S2, the top is covered with the covering soil S4, and finally the pressure is reduced.

農作業機１による不耕起播種方法は、前述した排水溝形成作業、排水溝埋め戻し作業、播種作業を走行機体の進行に伴って同行程で行う。これによって、耕耘作業が行われていない圃場に対して、効率的に播種作業又は施肥播種作業を行うことができる。この際、圃場が水田輪換畑のような湿潤な状態であっても、排水溝Ｖの形成によって圃場の排水性を高めることができ、更に、排水溝Ｖ内に形成する播種床を比較的浅くすることで、種の湿害を効果的に抑止することができる。   In the no-tillage sowing method by the farm work machine 1, the drainage groove forming work, the drainage groove backfilling work, and the sowing work are performed in the same process as the traveling machine body advances. Thereby, it is possible to efficiently perform the sowing work or the fertilization sowing work on the farm field where the plowing work is not performed. At this time, even if the field is in a moist state such as a paddy field, the drainage performance of the field can be enhanced by forming the drainage grooves V, and the seedbeds formed in the drainage grooves V are relatively shallow. By doing so, the moisture damage of a seed | species can be suppressed effectively.

図４及び図５は、本発明の実施形態における埋め戻し爪の形態例を示した説明図である。図４及び図５の（ａ）は正面図、図４及び図５の（ｂ）は側面図を示している。各例の埋め戻し爪４は、爪先部４Ａと柄部４Ｂを備えている。爪先部４Ａの形態は各種の形態が可能であり、図４の例は、排水溝Ｖの両側面を切り崩すように三角形状又は扇形形状を有している。また、図５の例は、排水溝Ｖの片側面を切り崩すように傾斜した板形状を有している。   4 and 5 are explanatory diagrams showing examples of backfilling claws according to the embodiment of the present invention. 4A and 5A are front views, and FIG. 4B and FIG. 5B are side views. The backfilling nail 4 in each example includes a toe portion 4A and a handle portion 4B. Various forms of the toe portion 4A are possible, and the example of FIG. 4 has a triangular shape or a sector shape so as to cut both side surfaces of the drainage groove V. In addition, the example of FIG. 5 has a plate shape that is inclined so as to cut one side surface of the drainage groove V.

図６及び図７は、本発明の実施形態における排水溝形成爪の形態例を示した説明図である。各図においては、いずれも埋め戻し爪を図示省略した排水溝形成爪単独の形態を示しており、図示のｍ１が圃場面を示し、ｍ２が溝底を示している。   6 and 7 are explanatory views showing an example of the configuration of the drain groove forming claw in the embodiment of the present invention. In each figure, the form of the drain ditch formation claw alone which omitted illustration of the backfill claw is shown, m1 in the figure shows the field scene, and m2 shows the groove bottom.

図６（ａ）に示した排水溝形成爪３の形態例は、図示省略の機体（フレーム）に装着される縦柄部３ａが下方に向けて延在しており、この縦柄部３ａの下方に矢印ｆで示した進行方向に向けた縦刃部３ｂを有する。そして、この縦刃部３ｂが下向き傾斜部３ｂ１を有しており、その下向き傾斜部３ｂ１の下方にはチゼル部３ｃが設けられている。このような排水溝形成爪３の形態例によると、縦刃部３ｂにおける下向き傾斜部３ｂ１がチゼル部３ｃによって形成される溝内の土塊を圧迫して崩す作用を示し、溝内の土塊の細分化が可能になる。これによると、溝内が砕土された土で埋め戻され、均一な深さの安定した播種床を形成することができる。   In the embodiment of the drain groove forming claw 3 shown in FIG. 6 (a), a vertical handle 3a attached to a machine body (frame) (not shown) extends downward, and the vertical handle 3a It has the vertical blade part 3b toward the advancing direction shown by the arrow f below. The vertical blade portion 3b has a downward inclined portion 3b1, and a chisel portion 3c is provided below the downward inclined portion 3b1. According to such a configuration example of the drainage groove forming claw 3, the downward inclined portion 3b1 of the vertical blade portion 3b exhibits an action of pressing and breaking the clot in the groove formed by the chisel portion 3c, and subdividing the clot in the groove Can be realized. According to this, the inside of the groove is backfilled with crushed soil, and a stable seeding bed having a uniform depth can be formed.

図６（ｂ）に示した排水溝形成爪３の形態例は、図６（ａ）と同様に、縦柄部３ａと縦刃部３ｂとチゼル部３ｃを有する。そして、縦刃部３ｂが上向き傾斜部３ｂ２を有している。このような排水溝形成爪３の形態例によると、縦刃部３ｂにおける上向き傾斜部３ｂ２が圃場面上の残渣Ｚを傾斜に沿って引き上げるので、チゼル部３ｃによる溝形成時に溝内に残渣Ｚが引き込まれるのを抑止でき、また残渣Ｚが土塊に絡まって牽引抵抗が増大するのを抑止することができる。これによると、溝内に残渣が引き込まれて播種床が不安定になるのを抑止できるので、前作の収穫残渣が圃場面に多く散在する場合にも精度の高い播種作業を行うことができる。   The configuration example of the drainage groove forming claw 3 shown in FIG. 6B includes a vertical handle portion 3a, a vertical blade portion 3b, and a chisel portion 3c, as in FIG. 6A. And the vertical blade part 3b has the upward inclination part 3b2. According to such an example of the drainage groove forming claw 3, the upward inclined portion 3b2 in the vertical blade portion 3b pulls up the residue Z on the field along the inclination, so that the residue Z is formed in the groove when the groove is formed by the chisel portion 3c. Can be prevented from being drawn, and it is possible to prevent the residue Z from being entangled with the soil mass and increasing the traction resistance. According to this, it is possible to prevent the residue from being drawn into the groove and the seeding bed from becoming unstable, so that it is possible to perform a highly accurate seeding operation even when a large amount of the previous harvest residue is scattered in the field scene.

図７（ａ）に示した排水溝形成爪３の形態例は、図６（ａ）と同様に、縦柄部３ａと縦刃部３ｂとチゼル部３ｃを有する。そして、縦刃部３ｂが上向き傾斜部３ｂ２と下向き傾斜部３ｂ１を共に有しており、上向き傾斜部３ｂ２が上側に下向き傾斜部３ｂ１が下側に配置されている。このような排水溝形成爪３の形態例によると、縦刃部３ｂにおける上向き傾斜部３ｂ２が圃場面上の残渣Ｚを傾斜に沿って引き上げるので、チゼル部３ｃによる溝形成時に溝内に残渣Ｚが引き込まれるのを抑止でき、また残渣Ｚが土塊に絡まって牽引抵抗が増大するのを抑止することができる。また、縦刃部３ｂにおける下向き傾斜部３ｂ１がチゼル部３ｃによって形成される溝内の土塊を圧迫して崩す作用を示し、溝内の土塊の細分化が可能になる。これによると、溝内の土塊が砕土化されると共に溝内に残渣が引き込まれるのを抑止できるので、溝内の播種床の安定化が可能になり、精度の高い播種作業を行うことができる。   The drain groove forming claw 3 shown in FIG. 7A has a vertical handle portion 3a, a vertical blade portion 3b, and a chisel portion 3c, as in FIG. 6A. The vertical blade portion 3b has both an upward inclined portion 3b2 and a downward inclined portion 3b1, and the upward inclined portion 3b2 is disposed on the upper side and the downward inclined portion 3b1 is disposed on the lower side. According to such an example of the drainage groove forming claw 3, the upward inclined portion 3b2 in the vertical blade portion 3b pulls up the residue Z on the field along the inclination, so that the residue Z is formed in the groove when the groove is formed by the chisel portion 3c. Can be prevented from being drawn, and it is possible to prevent the residue Z from being entangled with the soil mass and increasing the traction resistance. Moreover, the downward sloping part 3b1 in the vertical blade part 3b shows the effect | action which compresses and crushes the earth lump in the groove | channel formed by the chisel part 3c, and the earth lump in a groove | channel can be subdivided. According to this, since the clot in the groove is crushed and the residue can be prevented from being drawn into the groove, the sowing bed in the groove can be stabilized, and a highly accurate sowing operation can be performed. .

図７（ｂ）に示した排水溝形成爪３の形態例は、図６（ｂ）と同様に、縦柄部３ａと縦刃部３ｂとチゼル部３ｃを有し、縦刃部３ｂが上向き傾斜部３ｂ２を有している。この形態例は、上向き傾斜部３ｂ２が、鉛直軸に対する上向き傾斜角度が異なる第１傾斜部３ｂ２−１と第２の傾斜部３ｂ２−２を備えている。そして、第１傾斜部３ｂ２−１における上向き傾斜角度θ１が第２傾斜部３ｂ２−２における上向き傾斜角度θ２より大きく、第２傾斜部３ｂ２−２が第１傾斜部３ｂ２−１に対して下方に配置されている。   The example of the drain groove forming claw 3 shown in FIG. 7B has a vertical handle portion 3a, a vertical blade portion 3b, and a chisel portion 3c, as in FIG. 6B, and the vertical blade portion 3b faces upward. It has an inclined part 3b2. In this embodiment, the upward inclined portion 3b2 includes a first inclined portion 3b2-1 and a second inclined portion 3b2-2 having different upward inclination angles with respect to the vertical axis. The upward inclination angle θ1 in the first inclined part 3b2-1 is larger than the upward inclination angle θ2 in the second inclined part 3b2-2, and the second inclined part 3b2-2 is downward with respect to the first inclined part 3b2-1. Has been placed.

このような排水溝形成爪３の形態例によると、上向き傾斜部３ｂ２の第１傾斜部３ｂ２−１が圃場面上の残渣Ｚを傾斜に沿って引き上げるので、チゼル部３ｃによる溝形成時に溝内に残渣Ｚが引き込まれるのを抑止でき、また残渣Ｚが土塊に絡まって牽引抵抗が増大するのを抑止することができる。また、上向き傾斜部３ｂ２においてより垂直に近い第２傾斜部３ｂ２−２がチゼル部３ｃによって形成される溝内の土塊を崩す作用を示し、溝内の土塊の細分化が可能になる。これによると、溝内の土塊が砕土化されると共に溝内に残渣が引き込まれるのを抑止できるので、溝内の播種床の安定化が可能になり、精度の高い播種作業を行うことができる。   According to such a configuration example of the drainage groove forming claw 3, the first inclined portion 3b2-1 of the upward inclined portion 3b2 pulls up the residue Z on the field along the inclination, so that the groove is formed when the chisel portion 3c forms the groove. It is possible to prevent the residue Z from being drawn in, and to prevent the residue Z from becoming entangled with the earth mass and increasing the traction resistance. In addition, the second inclined portion 3b2-2 that is closer to the vertical in the upward inclined portion 3b2 has an action of breaking the soil mass in the groove formed by the chisel portion 3c, and the soil mass in the groove can be subdivided. According to this, since the clot in the groove is crushed and the residue can be prevented from being drawn into the groove, the sowing bed in the groove can be stabilized, and a highly accurate sowing operation can be performed. .

図８は、本発明の実施形態における排水溝形成爪の変形例を示した説明図である。同図（ａ）が斜視図、同図（ｂ）が背面図を示している。図示の例の排水溝形成爪３０は、一対の爪部３０Ａ，３０Ａと、この爪部３０Ａ，３０Ａを連結する連結部３０Ｂと、連結部３０Ｂの中央から上方に延びて機体２へ装着される柄部３０Ｃを備える。この例は、爪部３０Ａと柄部３０Ｃを分離させているところに特徴があり、爪部３０Ａに掛かった圃場上の残渣などを柄部３０Ｃに溜めることなく後方に逃がすことができる。これによって、残渣の多い圃場での牽引抵抗を低減させることが可能になる。   FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a modification of the drain groove forming claw in the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4A is a perspective view, and FIG. 4B is a rear view. The drainage groove forming claw 30 in the illustrated example is attached to the airframe 2 by extending upward from the center of the coupling portion 30B, a coupling portion 30B that couples the claw portions 30A, 30A, and the claw portions 30A, 30A. A handle 30C is provided. This example is characterized in that the claw portion 30A and the handle portion 30C are separated from each other, and residues on the field that are hung on the claw portion 30A can be released backward without accumulating in the handle portion 30C. This makes it possible to reduce traction resistance in a field with a lot of residue.

図９は、本発明の実施形態に係る農作業機の播種機部の配置を示した説明図である。図示のように、排水溝形成爪３が形成する排水溝Ｖの側方に距離Ｌだけオフセットした位置を播種位置としている。すなわち、前述した播種機部５は、土塊Ｓ１によって埋め戻された排水溝Ｖの側方のオフセット位置に、播種溝Ｓ２を形成する作溝器５Ａと、播種溝Ｓ２内に種Ｓ３を播種する播種装置５Ｂと、播種後の播種溝Ｓ２を覆土する覆土器５Ｃと、覆土された播種溝Ｓ２上を鎮圧する鎮圧輪５Ｃを備えている。ここでの距離Ｌは３〜５ｃｍ程度が好ましい。その程度の距離Ｌであれば、排水溝Ｖが形成される影響で圃場面が比較的柔らかくなっている。このような実施形態によると、播種溝Ｓ２が排水溝Ｖが形成されることで柔らかくなった圃場面上に直接形成されるので、播種溝Ｓ２の深さを安定化することができ、安定した播種深度で精度の高い播種作業を行うことができる。   FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the arrangement of the seeder unit of the agricultural machine according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the drawing, a position offset by a distance L to the side of the drainage groove V formed by the drainage groove forming claw 3 is set as a sowing position. That is, the above-mentioned seeding machine part 5 seeds seed S3 in seeding groove S2 and grooving machine 5A which forms seeding groove S2 in the offset position of the side of drainage groove V backfilled with soil lump S1. A seeding device 5B, a soil covering device 5C that covers the seeding groove S2 after sowing, and a pressure-reducing wheel 5C that suppresses the soiled seeding groove S2 are provided. The distance L here is preferably about 3 to 5 cm. If it is the distance L of the extent, the field scene is comparatively soft under the influence of the drainage groove V being formed. According to such an embodiment, since the sowing groove S2 is directly formed on the field scene softened by forming the drainage groove V, the depth of the sowing groove S2 can be stabilized and stabilized. High-precision sowing work can be performed at the sowing depth.

以上説明したように、本発明の実施形態に係る農作業機１或いはこの農作業機１によって行われる不耕起播種方法によると、排水溝形成爪３，３０によって形成される排水溝Ｖを比較的深い溝にして、形成した排水溝Ｖと同行程で播種機部５による播種作業を行う。この際、播種作業は、排水溝Ｖの側方に設定距離だけオフセットした位置を播種位置とし、圃場面に播種溝Ｓ２を形成して、形成した播種溝内に播種を行う。   As described above, according to the agricultural machine 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention or the no-tillage sowing method performed by the agricultural machine 1, the drainage groove V formed by the drainage groove forming claws 3 and 30 is relatively deep. A seeding operation by the seeder unit 5 is performed in the same process as the drainage groove V formed as a groove. At this time, in the sowing operation, the position offset by a set distance to the side of the drainage groove V is set as the sowing position, the sowing groove S2 is formed in the field scene, and sowing is performed in the formed sowing groove.

これによって比較的深い排水溝で有効な圃場排水性を確保しながら、排水溝Ｖの側方位置に播種を行って種の湿害を回避する。排水溝Ｖの側方に形成される播種溝Ｓ２は、排水溝Ｖが形成される影響で比較的柔らかくなっている圃場面に形成されるので、深さを安定化することができ、安定した播種深度で精度の高い播種作業を行うことができる。   Thus, while ensuring effective field drainage at a relatively deep drainage ditch, seeding is carried out at a side position of the drainage groove V to avoid seed damage. Since the sowing groove S2 formed on the side of the drainage groove V is formed in a field scene that is relatively soft due to the effect of the drainage groove V, the depth can be stabilized and stabilized. High-precision sowing work can be performed at the sowing depth.

以上、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳述してきたが、具体的な構成はこれらの実施の形態に限られるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計の変更等があっても本発明に含まれる。上述の各図で示した実施の形態は、その目的及び構成等に特に矛盾や問題がない限り、互いの記載内容を組み合わせることが可能である。また、各図の記載内容はそれぞれ独立した実施形態になり得るものであり、本発明の実施形態は各図を組み合わせた一つの実施形態に限定されるものではない。   As described above, the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the design can be changed without departing from the scope of the present invention. Is included in the present invention. The embodiments described in the above drawings can be combined with each other as long as there is no particular contradiction or problem in the purpose, configuration, or the like. Moreover, the description content of each figure can become independent embodiment, respectively, and embodiment of this invention is not limited to one embodiment which combined each figure.

１：農作業機，２：機体，３，３０：排水溝形成爪，４：埋め戻し爪，
５：播種機部，６：施肥部，７：整地器，
３Ａ：爪取付部，４Ａ：爪先部，
５Ａ：作溝器，５Ｂ：播種装置，５Ｃ：覆土器，５Ｄ：鎮圧輪 1: Farm machine, 2: Airframe, 3, 30: Drainage claw, 4: Backfill claw,
5: seeding machine part, 6: fertilizer part, 7: leveling machine,
3A: Claw mounting part, 4A: Toe part,
5A: Grooving device, 5B: seeding device, 5C: earthenware, 5D: pressure wheel

Claims (4)

走行機体の進行方向後方に装着され、圃場面を進行しながら播種作業を行う農作業機であって、
前記走行機体の進行方向に沿って圃場面に排水溝を形成するチゼル部を備えた排水溝形成爪と、
前記排水溝と一対に、前記排水溝の側方に設定距離だけオフセットした位置を播種位置として、播種を行う播種機部とを備え、
前記播種機部は、圃場面に播種溝を形成する作溝器と、該播種溝内に播種する播種装置とを備えることを特徴とする農作業機。 Agricultural work machine that is attached to the back of the traveling direction of the traveling machine body and performs sowing work while advancing the farm scene,
A drainage groove forming claw provided with a chisel portion that forms a drainage groove in a field scene along the traveling direction of the traveling machine body,
A pair of the drainage groove and a seeding machine part for sowing, with a position offset by a set distance on the side of the drainage groove as a sowing position,
The said seeding machine part is provided with a grooving device that forms a seeding groove in a field scene, and a seeding device for seeding in the seeding groove. 前記排水溝形成爪は、機体の前後段に多数千鳥状に配列されていることを特徴とする請求項１記載の農作業機。 2. The agricultural machine according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the drainage groove forming claws are arranged in a staggered manner in the front and rear stages of the machine body . 前記排水溝形成爪の背後に設けられ圃場面に形成された排水溝を埋め戻す埋め戻し爪を備え、
前記埋め戻し爪は、前記排水溝形成爪によって形成された排水溝の側面を崩す爪先部を有することを特徴とする請求項１又は２記載の農作業機。 A backfilling claw is provided behind the drainage claw to refill the drainage groove formed in the field scene,
The agricultural machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the backfilling claw has a claw tip portion that breaks a side surface of the drainage groove formed by the drainage groove forming claw. 走行機体の進行に沿って不耕起圃場に播種作業を行う不耕起播種方法であって、
前記走行機体の進行に沿ってチゼル部を備えた排水溝形成爪を用いて圃場面に排水溝を形成する排水溝形成作業と、前記排水溝側方から設定距離だけオフセットした前記排水溝と一対の位置に播種を行う播種作業とを有し、
前記排水溝形成作業と前記播種作業を前記走行機体の進行に伴って同行程で行い、
前記播種作業は、前記排水溝側方のオフセット位置に作溝，播種を同行程で行い、前記排水溝形成作業は、前記播種作業での作溝よりも深い前記排水溝を形成することを特徴とする不耕起播種方法。 A non-tillage sowing method that performs sowing work on a non-tillage field along the travel of the traveling aircraft,
A drainage groove forming operation for forming a drainage groove in a farm scene using a drainage groove forming claw provided with a chisel portion along the travel of the traveling machine body, and a pair of the drainage groove offset by a set distance from the side of the drainage groove And sowing work for sowing at a position of
The drainage groove forming work and the sowing work are performed in the same process as the traveling machine body advances,
The seeding operation, Sakumizo the offset position of the drainage groove side, are performed by the same stroke seeding, the drainage groove forming operations, forming a deep the drainage ditch than Sakumizo in the seeding work No-tillage sowing method characterized.
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